主题句 和 扩展句

第二：要做到概括和具体的统一。
要注意把自己的思想用最切近的语言表达出 来。既不能过于概括，也不能过于具体。
Students on this campus _________________________________ recently voiced several complaints.
1. They voiced dissatisfaction with the campus lighting.
假如你看到有人摔倒，你会怎么做？ 首先，写好主题句：假如我看到有人摔倒， 我会停下来伸出援手。 列出几个建议： 1.如果所有人都视而不见，人们就得不到必 要的帮助，这会导致意想不到的严重后果。 2.帮助那些身处困境的人是我们的责任。
主题句：假如我看到有人摔倒， 我会停下来伸出援手。 If I see a person ahead fall down, I will stop to give a hand.
If I see a person ahead fall down, I will stop to give a hand. First of all, if all the people turn blind eyes to it and walk away, the person might not get necessary help or first aid, which might bring unexpectedly serious results. What’s more, it is our responsibility to offer help to those who are in need. Most importantly, we also need others’ help when we are in danger. In fact, helping others is helping ourselves.
第一:要包含主导思想(the controlling idea)；
主题句在段落中用于概况段落的主旨大意， 准确地表达作者观点和态度。 注：一个段落要求作者只表达一个意思， 不同的意思要放在另外的段落中表达。 “We had a pleasant summer vacation but summer vacation always seems short.”。
2）主题句在段落中间 Californians and New Englanders are both American. They speak the same language and abide by the same federal laws. But they are very different in their ways of life. Mobility(流动性) --- both physical and psychological--- has made a great impression on the culture of Californians; lack of mobility is the mark of the customs and morality of New Englanders.
Do exercises on Page 10: Practice 1-2.
• Smoking • Smoking is not a good habit, either for the individual smoker or for society as a whole. • First of all, smoking is not healthy, leading to more deaths than any other preventable cause. • Smoking also causes cancer, damages organs, and weakens the immune system. • Smoking can also harm those nearby, in terms of second-hand smoke.
主题句 和 扩展句
段落的写作
主题句
扩展句 扩展句 扩展句
主题句的位置 可以是在段落的开始，也可以处于段落的中 间或者末尾。也有的段落没有主题句。 1）主题句在段首
Jane and Karen have many things in common. To begin
with, both girls have the same background. Jane was born and raised in the West, and so was Karen. Next, both girls are interested in the same kinds of subjects in school. Jane likes French, history, and English. In the same way, Karen likes Spanish, history and English. Furthermore, both girls want to be teachers. Jane plans to become an elementary school teacher. But Karen wants to be a high school teacher. As you can see, the two girls are almost like twins.
1.如果所有人都视而不见，人们就得不到必 要的帮助，这会导致意想不到的严重后果。
if not, might die or seriously injured/
2.帮助那些身处困境的人是我们的责任。
helping others is our responsibility/
3.当我们身处困境时，我们也需要他人的 帮助。 帮助他人就是帮助我们自己。 We also need when in danger/ helping others is helping yourselves.
训练
以下面作文为例，联系写 主题句 Reading is my favorite hobby. There are a variety of books for us to choose from. But what interests me most is literary books, especially those by famous writers.
用一定的过渡词来体现这种安排。
根据下面的主题句，思考需要哪些内容来支 持它： Spring is the most pleasant season of the year. Rivers play a very important part in our life. Several factors have contributed to the difficulty in traveling in China, but in general, there are three major causes. Compared with cars, bicycles have many advantages. Men and women are equal at home now. Getting up early can help you keep healthy.
The Women’s Movement has had several effects on the English language _________________________________________.
1. It has created Ms., a title for women comparable to Mr. for men. 2. The Movement has changed the ending of several compound words from –man to –person. 3. The Movement is responsible for some new terms. 4. The Movement has had an effect on the thirdperson singular pronoun.
3）主题句在段落结尾 Americans might be embarrassed because their Japanese friends are so formal with them. Japanese might feel insulted because American acquaintances(熟人、朋友) greet them casually. Still, the forms of greeting in both countries only show respect for others. It just happens that Americans and
2. They expressed their disgust with源自文库the food sold by the dining- hall.
3. They protested the grading policies of the instructors.
Write a topic sentence for the following supporting ideas.
1.如果所有人都视而不见，人们就得不到必要 的帮助，这会导致意想不到的严重后果。 If all the people turn blind eyes to it and walk away, the person might not get necessary help or first aid, which might bring/lead to unexpectedly serious results. 2.帮助那些身处困境的人是我们的责任。 It is our responsibility to offer help to those who are in need/trouble. 3.当我们身处困境时，我们也需要他人的帮助。 帮助他人就是帮助我们自己。 We also need others’ help when we are in danger. Helping others is helping ourselves.
Do exercises on Page 8: Part two Practice 1-2
P 8 写出主题句
• There are advantages to live in city．/ City life has advantages. • In all these cases, the gifts are sending out messages－often very expressive ones./Gifts helps send out messages to show how much you value that person.
Japanese have a different way of looking at human relationships and thus have a different way showing respect.
P 8 找出主题句
写
主题句（Topic Sentence）写作的两个基本要求：
扩展句/辅助句（supporting sentences） 写扩展句要注意以下两点：
第一，意义的相关性（unity）/段落的整体性
所有的扩展句都必须是主题句的延伸或者证明 对主题句能起到支持的作用 无论如何都不能超出由主题句限定的范围 要有充足的论证细节来说明主题思想
第二，逻辑的一致性(coherence)/段落的连贯性 根据各个句子之间的关系以及与主题句之间的 关系来安排其逻辑顺序。