专业英语复习资料培训课件

专业英语复习资料

2. 英译中：（考其中5句）

1.It is important for a novice designer to understand the fact that beautiful and practical

design solutions don’t appear out of thin air like magic.

2.The design process is a framework of steps, incorporating both rational and intuitive

phrases, that aid the designer to organize his/her work, thoughts, and feelings in an effort to produce the best design solution possible.

3.The purpose of a foundation is to carry the load of a structure and spread it over a greater

area, evenly and without undue settlement, to the ground beneath.

4. A foundation normally consists of either plain or reinforced concrete, which should be

laid sufficiently below the ground frost level to avoid the possible danger of frozen soil lifting it.

5.Precast concrete blocks are made by pouring unset concrete into a mold and allowing it to

harden.

6.Solid walling is generally constructed of either bricks, precast concrete blocks or in-situ

concrete.

7.Solid ground floors are neatly always of concrete laid on hardcore beds and are reinforced

with mesh reinforcement.

8.The inclusion of reinforced beams in a reinforced concrete floor adds to its strength and

loading capacity.

9.The main advantages of flat roofs are that they are comparatively simple to construct and

generally less costly than pitched roofs.

10.In the design of pitched roofs, one of the most important factors is the degree of the pitch

or slope, which depends mainly on the material used to cover the roofs.

11.The disruption of road and real traffic, so often experienced when a flyover, an underpass

or a service is being constructed, can be minimized in those constructions incorporating prefabrication.

12.The main advantage of factory industrialized building is that the prefabricated units can

be produced to a very high standard of precision and a consistently high quality.

13.There remains very little in the world of building and civil engineering that cannot be

constructed effectively and attractively by means of prefabricated units.

14.The inability of existing road systems of large towns to cope with modern traffic

requirements has made tunnel construction a proposition well worth serious consideration.

15.Modern equipment and ingenuity have enabled the construction of tunnels to be far less

laborious than hitherto.

16.The ability of roads to enable traffic to flow freely and safely between the industrial and

commercial centres contributes enormously towards a progressive economy.

17.According to Leonhardt, the composite concrete deck is also economical for triple-span

cable-stayed suspension bridge, but only for those with a center span of up to 700 meters.

18.In planning the layout of drains (normally regarded as pipes serving one building) or

sewers ( pipes serving more than one building), the pipes should, wherever possible, fall with the ground contours, so that the excavation is kept to a minimum.

阅读理解（考其中三段，题型为判断题以及单选题）：

Passage One: Structural Design

In structural engineering, structural design is an iterative process of applying engineering mechanics and past experience to create a functional, economic, and, most importantly, safe structure for the public to inhabit or to use. Using structural analysis techniques and conforming to design specifications and the local design codes, the structural design engineer works to create a solution that is to everyone's benefit.

Structural design is an expression of an understanding of the flow of forces. The distribution of forces is initially understood diagramatically and mathematically. Based on this scientific understanding, sketches of members and connections are developed. Structural design which is highly expressive of the flow of forces is also associated with modern architectural design.

Structural design includes accommodation for the practicalities of construction, including on site assembly, shop assembled components, accessibility, and maintenance.

Passage Two: Deep Foundation

A deep foundation is a type of foundation distinguished from shallow foundations by the depth they are embedded into the ground. There are many reasons a geotechnical engineer would recommend a deep foundation over a shallow foundation, but some of the common reasons are very large design loads, a poor soil at shallow depth, or site constraints (like property lines). There are different terms used to describe different types of deep foundations including piles, drilled shafts, caissons, and piers. The naming conventions may vary between engineering disciplines and firms. Deep foundations can be made out of timber, steel, reinforced concrete and pre-tensioned concrete. Deep foundations can be installed by either driving them into the ground or drilling a shaft and filling it with concrete, mass or reinforced.

Passage Three: Load-bearing wall

A load-bearing wall or bearing wall, is one in which a wall of a structure bears the weight and force resting upon it, conducting the vertical load from the upper structure to the foundation.