英语专有名词的普通化及其修辞效果
合集下载
相关主题
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
eg. As wise as Solomon He was sent to Coventry for his dishonesty.
The rhetoric function
(1) 暗喻 表示著名人物、著名地点等的专有名词极 易被选作比喻辞格中的喻体。
（四）
eg. Despite chronic shortages of some foods, farm production cannot be considered the Achilles’ heel of Russia’s economy.
(3) Humorours and Euphemistic
eg. If it’s a twins, we’ll name them Harry and Carey in memory of their mother
Harry→harry Carey→carry
eg. to die-to cross the Jordan(the Styx in Christian), go to one's Maker, be with God
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Rhetoric Effect
• (1) Vivid and Impressive • a. He was a Uncle Tom to his master • b. He tried hard to win the approval of his master
(2) Economical Use of Words Bonn→the government of West Germany Washington→the American government
Conclusion
• On some occasions, the proper noun and the common noun is different to some extent. The more widely used, the more possible commonization of the proper noun will be. Meanwhile, it could acheive a distinctive effect when one uses the proper noun appropriately.
Proper Nouns
• Proper Nouns are proper names of a person, nation, place, institution, organization, etc.
Eg. Anderson, China, British Airways, The New York Times.
Pepsi Generation ( young generation in 70s)
（三）
Four Types of its Commonization
(1)完全普通化: 一个专有名词在一定的话语群体中, 因其本身所具有的含义已经成为一种典型特征, 获 得了广泛的认可, 所以可以像普通名词那样,接受不 定冠词的修饰, 指代任何具有相同特征的人或物. eg. On the bargain day, she brought two dozen toothbrushes and nylon bristles. (2)部分普通化：一般来讲, 专有名词只在某些特定场合 使用, 但这并不是一成不变的。当某个名人的名字用做复 数形式或前面加上冠词时, 这个名字就代表了和该名人具 有相似品质的那一类人.
(2)换喻
one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated eg.Washington--United States government or of the sword for military power
Commonization of Proper Nouns
ampere, farad, ohm, volt, watt names of cherub (a charming pretty male child) people quixotic (extravagantly romantic, idealistic, chivalrous) →from Don Quixote in the novel Don Quixote names of : Cadillac (indicates the products with tradenames terrific quality)
eg: He is really a Shylock.
(3) 双重普通化: 一个普通化的专有名词, 通过"转化”跨类(conversion)机制, 用作 一个动词. eg. I didn't sell out or Uncle Tom when I got famous (4) 类比普通化: 指的是一些结构较为齐整, 形式 亦多稳定, 有的已成为固定成语的表达方法。
Common Nouns
• Common Nouns are names of a place, person, idea or thing. Individual noun-boy, house, tiger,etc Collective noun-team, cattle, police, etc Material noun-snow, bread, rice, etc Abstract noun-glory, failure, etc.
（二）
Commonization of Proper Nouns
china (porcelain), rugby (a sort names of of ball games) places Waterloo names of: utopia: a imaginary perfect society books → Sir Thomas More's book Utopia Godfather: a leader of the Mafia →Mario Gianluigi Puzo's book Godfather
(3) 提喻 提喻以局部代替整体或整体代替局部，常用 在某些著名的街道、建筑物名称
eg. It was reported that China won the volleyball match. Wall street 美国金融界 Fleet Street 英国报业（新闻界）
(4) 双关 有些专名由大写的普通名词、形容词构成，不仅可 以做专有名词，也含有普通名词、形容词的意义， 从而形成了双关： eg.My Faith is gone.
英语专有名词的普通化及其 修辞作用
Content
1. Difference Between Common Nouns and Proper Nouns 2. Commonization of Proper Nouns 3. Types of its Commonization 4.The Rhetoric Function and its Effect
（一）
• The difference between Common Nouns and Proper nouns is on the grammatical aspect. The former could be used with articles, they can have plural forms and could be modified with the quantifier, while the latter could not have that collocation.
Thank you
(5)转类 转类也叫转品, 即词类活用, 也就是甲类 词临时活用为乙类词的一种修辞现象。专有 名词往往转类为形容词, 在性质义、特征义 的凸显上, 较比喻用法和借代用法更前进了 一步, 从句法发展到词法中来。 eg.不管那些单词、句子, 多么浅显或深奥, 只 要把自己的口语听得很伦敦, 抑或很华盛顿, 就 万岁了
The rhetoric function
(1) 暗喻 表示著名人物、著名地点等的专有名词极 易被选作比喻辞格中的喻体。
（四）
eg. Despite chronic shortages of some foods, farm production cannot be considered the Achilles’ heel of Russia’s economy.
(3) Humorours and Euphemistic
eg. If it’s a twins, we’ll name them Harry and Carey in memory of their mother
Harry→harry Carey→carry
eg. to die-to cross the Jordan(the Styx in Christian), go to one's Maker, be with God
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Rhetoric Effect
• (1) Vivid and Impressive • a. He was a Uncle Tom to his master • b. He tried hard to win the approval of his master
(2) Economical Use of Words Bonn→the government of West Germany Washington→the American government
Conclusion
• On some occasions, the proper noun and the common noun is different to some extent. The more widely used, the more possible commonization of the proper noun will be. Meanwhile, it could acheive a distinctive effect when one uses the proper noun appropriately.
Proper Nouns
• Proper Nouns are proper names of a person, nation, place, institution, organization, etc.
Eg. Anderson, China, British Airways, The New York Times.
Pepsi Generation ( young generation in 70s)
（三）
Four Types of its Commonization
(1)完全普通化: 一个专有名词在一定的话语群体中, 因其本身所具有的含义已经成为一种典型特征, 获 得了广泛的认可, 所以可以像普通名词那样,接受不 定冠词的修饰, 指代任何具有相同特征的人或物. eg. On the bargain day, she brought two dozen toothbrushes and nylon bristles. (2)部分普通化：一般来讲, 专有名词只在某些特定场合 使用, 但这并不是一成不变的。当某个名人的名字用做复 数形式或前面加上冠词时, 这个名字就代表了和该名人具 有相似品质的那一类人.
(2)换喻
one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated eg.Washington--United States government or of the sword for military power
Commonization of Proper Nouns
ampere, farad, ohm, volt, watt names of cherub (a charming pretty male child) people quixotic (extravagantly romantic, idealistic, chivalrous) →from Don Quixote in the novel Don Quixote names of : Cadillac (indicates the products with tradenames terrific quality)
eg: He is really a Shylock.
(3) 双重普通化: 一个普通化的专有名词, 通过"转化”跨类(conversion)机制, 用作 一个动词. eg. I didn't sell out or Uncle Tom when I got famous (4) 类比普通化: 指的是一些结构较为齐整, 形式 亦多稳定, 有的已成为固定成语的表达方法。
Common Nouns
• Common Nouns are names of a place, person, idea or thing. Individual noun-boy, house, tiger,etc Collective noun-team, cattle, police, etc Material noun-snow, bread, rice, etc Abstract noun-glory, failure, etc.
（二）
Commonization of Proper Nouns
china (porcelain), rugby (a sort names of of ball games) places Waterloo names of: utopia: a imaginary perfect society books → Sir Thomas More's book Utopia Godfather: a leader of the Mafia →Mario Gianluigi Puzo's book Godfather
(3) 提喻 提喻以局部代替整体或整体代替局部，常用 在某些著名的街道、建筑物名称
eg. It was reported that China won the volleyball match. Wall street 美国金融界 Fleet Street 英国报业（新闻界）
(4) 双关 有些专名由大写的普通名词、形容词构成，不仅可 以做专有名词，也含有普通名词、形容词的意义， 从而形成了双关： eg.My Faith is gone.
英语专有名词的普通化及其 修辞作用
Content
1. Difference Between Common Nouns and Proper Nouns 2. Commonization of Proper Nouns 3. Types of its Commonization 4.The Rhetoric Function and its Effect
（一）
• The difference between Common Nouns and Proper nouns is on the grammatical aspect. The former could be used with articles, they can have plural forms and could be modified with the quantifier, while the latter could not have that collocation.
Thank you
(5)转类 转类也叫转品, 即词类活用, 也就是甲类 词临时活用为乙类词的一种修辞现象。专有 名词往往转类为形容词, 在性质义、特征义 的凸显上, 较比喻用法和借代用法更前进了 一步, 从句法发展到词法中来。 eg.不管那些单词、句子, 多么浅显或深奥, 只 要把自己的口语听得很伦敦, 抑或很华盛顿, 就 万岁了