新教材译林版必修二Unit1 Grammar and usage

Period Three Grammar and usage—Subject­verb
agreement
语法感知
感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题
1．当主语为第三人称单数形式时，谓语动词用单数形式。

如句2中的从句和句3。

2．当主语为复数形式时，谓语动词用复数形式。

如句2的主句、句4和句5。

3．当主语为不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式。

如句1中的从句。

4．名词性从句在句中作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。

如句6。

语法精析
主谓一致是指句子主语和谓语在“人称”和“数”方面保持一致，即谓语动词的形式必须随着主语人称和数的变化而变化。

英语中的主谓一致常见的有下列几种情况：
一、语法结构的一致
1．由连词and或both...and...连接的两个并列成分作主语，其谓语动词一般用复数。

Both Tom and his younger brother have passed the exam.汤姆和他弟弟都通过了考试。

注意：(1)当and连接的两个词或词组表达的是同一个人、物或概念时，谓语动词用单数。

如果这两个词都是名词，则第二个名词前不用冠词。

The peasant and writer is making a speech in the meeting room.那位农民作家正在会议室里发表演讲。

(2)主语后有with，together with，like，but，as well as，except，including，rather than，besides 等引导的词或短语时，谓语动词要和前面的主语保持一致。

The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.老师带着一些学生正在参观工厂。

2．两个并列的名词前有each，every，no，many a等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数。

Each student and each teacher was given a ticket.
每个学生和老师都领到了一张票。

Every man and every woman is at work.
所有人都在工作。

Many a desk and many a bench is to be taken out of the hall.许多课桌和凳子将被搬出大厅。

3．在正式的文体中，由not only...but also...，neither...nor...，either...or...，or等连接两个并列主语时，其谓语动词与其靠近的主语保持一致，即就近原则。

there be句式也是如此。

Not only the students but also the teacher hasn’t come.
学生和老师都没来。

Neither the children nor the mother likes this kind of music.孩子们和妈妈都不喜欢这种音乐。

Either you or I am to blame.你或我该受责备。

There is a book and two pens on the desk.
书桌上有一本书和两支钢笔。

二、意义一致原则
1．表示时间、金钱、距离、体积、重量、面积等的复数名词作主语时，通常将其视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数。

Two miles is too far for the child.
两英里路程对这个小孩来说太远了。

2．集合名词family，class，crowd，team，government，company，group等作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数。

Our class is better than any other class at playing football in our school.在我们学校，我们班在踢足球方面比其他任何班都好。

(强调整体)
His family are waiting for him to come back from abroad.他的家人正在等他回国。

(强调个体) 3．当people，police，cattle等词作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。

The police are searching for the missing child.
警察正在寻找那个失踪的孩子。

4．不定代词anyone，anybody，anything，everyone，everybody，everything，someone，somebody，something，no one，nobody，nothing，each，the other，either，neither等作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。

Since everyone is here，let’s begin our meeting.
既然大家都到了，我们开会吧。

5．代词none作主语时，谓语动词用单数还是用复数，主要由说话人的意思来决定。

但代表不可数名词时，谓语动词只能用单数。

None of them knows/know the answers.
他们中没有人知道答案。

None of the information about him has been received.
没收到一点关于他的消息。

6．专有名词作主语
表示国家、机构、事件、作品等名称的专有名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

One Thousand and One Nights tells people lots of mysterious folklore.
《一千零一夜》给人们讲了许多神秘的民间传说。

The United Nations plays an important role in the international affairs.
联合国在国际事务中起着重要作用。

7．不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

How to solve the problem is to be discussed at the meeting.如何解决这个问题将在会上讨论。

Whether he will help us doesn’t matter too much.
他是否帮我们关系不大。

Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
在阳光下读书对眼睛有害。

三、名词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数
1．当百分数或分数修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数还是用复数由名词来决定。

About three fourths of the surface of the earth is water.地球表面大约四分之三是水。

About 50 percent of the students in our school are girls.
我们学校大约百分之五十的学生是女生。

2．由“kind(type，sort，species，portion，series) of”等修饰的主语，其谓语形式取决于这些词的单复数而不是它们后面所跟的名词。

This new type of buses is now on show.
(Buses of this new kind are now on show.)
现在正展出这种新型的公共汽车。

All kinds of difficulties have to be overcome.
必须克服各种各样的困难。

A series of debates between the lecturers was scheduled for the next weekend.
讲师之间一系列的辩论安排在下周末举行。

3．a number of(许多)，a variety of(各种各样的)和a group of(一群，一组)修饰名词作主语时，谓语要用复数形式。

但是the number of(……的数目)和the variety of(……的种类)修饰名词作主语时，谓语要用单数形式。

试比较：
A number of students are from the south.
许多学生来自南方。

The number of students from the south is large.
来自南方的学生数量很多。

A variety of toys are on sale in that shop.那个商店出售各种各样的玩具。

The variety of goods on sale in that shop is surprising.
那个商店出售的货物品种多得惊人。

4．a quantity of后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；a quantity of后接不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；quantities of后无论接复数名词还是不可数名词，后面的谓语动词都用复数形式。

A large quantity of milk was wasted at that time.
那时大量的牛奶被浪费了。

Great quantities of fish are caught in the deep sea.
在深海处抓了很多鱼。

5．“many a＋单数名词”和“more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，虽表示复数意义，但要遵循语法一致的原则，谓语动词用单数。

Many a child was playing in the shade of the tree.
许多孩子在树荫下玩耍。

More than one student has passed the examination.
许多学生通过了考试。

6．(1)在定语从句中，关系代词作主语，其谓语动词应与它所指代的先行词保持一致。

(2)在“one of＋复数名词”结构后的定语从句中，one of＋复数名词＋关系代词＋谓语动词复数；the (only) one of＋复数名词＋关系代词＋谓语动词单数。

This is one of the books which were written in French.这是用法语写的书中的一本。

He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French.他是我们班里唯一一个学过法语的男孩。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．—Have you heard about that car accident near the school?
—Yes，luckily no one was hurt(hurt)．
2．—Why were you late，Jim?
—Because there was(be) a lot of traffic when I came here.
3．—I saw Tom’s father bought lots of books yesterday.
—That’s not strange.Not only Tom but also his father enjoys(enjoy) reading.
4．Both Mike and I are(be) ready for the new high school life.
5．This pair of shoes is made(make) by hand，and it feels very comfortable.
6．My sister with my parents was making(make) dumplings when I got home yesterday.
7．It’s said that two thirds of the water around the world is/has been(be) polluted.
8．Smog and haze is a kind of air pollution.It makes(make) people worry about their health. 9．Neither Lily nor Lucy likes(like) listening to Beijing Opera，while their parents do.
10．The number of the volunteers in our city is 2,000.And sixty percent of them are teachers and students.(be)
Ⅱ.完成句子
11．Not only Jack but also I am crazy about the football match.
不仅杰克，我也为足球赛着迷。

12．About three fifths of the land is covered with trees and grass.
大约五分之三的陆地被树木和草覆盖。

13．4,000 dollars is a large amount of money，but it is far less than what we want.
4 000美元是一笔巨款，但远远低于我们想要的水平。

14．The child without parents is taken good care of by his teachers in this special school.
在这所特殊的学校，这个没有父母的孩子受到老师很好的照顾。

15．Alice，together with her classmates，was punished for breaking the school rules last week.
艾丽斯和她的同学上周因违反校规而受到惩罚。

基础巩固
Ⅰ.篇章语法填空
Thirty years 1.is(be) not a long period in history，but every man and every woman 2.has changed(change) a lot in the past thirty years.When it comes to the development of China，none of us 3.doubt(s)(doubt) that either the surroundings or the policy 4.has benefited(benefit) us a great deal.With thirty years’ development，China，along with its people,5.is standing(stand) higher on the stage of the world.Although there 6.exists(exist) an environmental problem and other ones，like housing and crimes，the public 7.have(have) a strong belief that tomorrow will be better.Whether we can realize our dream 8.depends(depend) on our own effort.To construct our country 9.is(be) a great honour，so not only you but also I 10.am(be) the one who should be devoted to making our country a splendid one.
Ⅱ.单句写作
11．看，有一张我家人的照片，在上面有四个人。

Look，there is a photo of my family and there are four people in it.
12．珍妮和她的父母正在那里吃晚饭。

Jenny with her parents is having dinner there.
13．在我们学校里学生的人数大约是九百。

The number of the students in our school is about nine hundred.
14．不仅年轻人，老年人也对微信(WeChat)变得有兴趣。

Not only the young but also the old are getting interested in WeChat.
15．时间流逝，四年真的是一段很短的时间。

How time flies! Four years is really a short time.
能力提升
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A 3­year­old boy who was lost in the woods for two days is now safe at home with his family.But Casey Hathaway told his rescuers that he was not alone in the rainy，freezing cold woods.He said he was with a friend—a bear.
The child went missing on January 22 while playing with friends near his grandmother’s house in North Carolina.When the other children returned but Casey did not，the family searched the area for almost an hour before calling the police.
Police formed a search team to look for the young boy in the nearby woods.But two days went by and still—no Casey.
Then on January 24，someone called the police saying he heard a child crying in the woods.Police followed up on the information and found Casey at about 9∶30 that night.He was in good health.
Casey told the rescuers he had hung out with a black bear for two days，a bear he called his “friend”．
The police officer Chip Hughes spoke with reporters from several news agencies.He said Casey did not say how he could survive in the woods for two days in the cold，rainy weather.“However，”the police officer said，“he did say he had a friend in the woods that was a bear with him.”
Hundreds of people helped in the search and rescue efforts，including some 600 volunteers，police and members of the army.Doctors at the medical center gave Casey some examination.He was then sent to his family on January 25.
His mother talked with reporters and thanked everyone who joined the search for her son.“We just want to tell everybody that we’re very thankful that you took the time out to search for Casey，”said his mother.“He is good.He is up and talking.He’s already asked to watch cartoons.”
1．When did Casey get lost?
A．On January 24.
B．After a 911 call.
C．Before his playmates returned home.
D．After he left his grandmother’s house.
答案D
解析细节理解题。

根据第二段可知，Casey失踪前是在和朋友一起玩，地点就在他祖母的房子附近。

所以在Casey离开祖母家之后，他失踪了。

故选D项。

2．What can we know about the boy?
A．He survived with the help of a bear.
B．The rescuers rescued him from a bear.
C．Someone offered key information to find him.
D．He was eventually found by officer Hughes.
答案C
解析细节理解题。

根据第四段可知，正是因为有人听到孩子在树林里哭而报告警方，最终才让警方找到了Casey。

C选项“有人提供了找到他的关键信息”符合文意。

故选C项。

3．Why did the mother say that in the last paragraph?
A．To report the detailed situation.
B．To show her gratitude and relief.
C．To invite everyone to watch her child.
D．To appreciate searchers and the bear.
答案B
解析推理判断题。

从最后一段Casey母亲说的话来看，她在对帮助搜救Casey的人表示感激，同时孩子的状态已经恢复正常了，作为母亲也应该是感到欣慰的。

由此判断出这位母亲是在表达她的感激和欣慰。

故选B项。

4．Where is this text most likely from?
A．A news report.
B．A guidebook.
C．A diary.
D．An advertisement.
答案A
解析文章出处题。

文章第一句“A 3­year­old boy who was lost in the woods for two days is now safe at home with his family.”言简意赅地指明了事件的主要内容，并在接下来的篇幅中详细展开，符合典型的新闻报道的结构特点。

所以短文出自新闻报道。

故选A项。

Ⅳ.完形填空
My three children and I were on our way to get their hair cut for the holidays.My middle child was in 1 due to some kind of misunderstanding.I didn’t pay special attention to her.I really had 2 patience to deal with her “middle child syndrome”．
On reaching the barbershop，we stopped our car， 3 and then headed into the barbershop.She unwillingly followed us，trying to pull herself together.The rest of us entered the barbershop as she was only seconds 4 .
An elderly gentleman had just finished with his haircut.He 5 up to her，with his wife holding him up on his right side.He looked her in the 6 and said，“You look sad，sweetie.You are too 7 to be sad！” My sweet baby gave him a smile.Setting against her pink hat，her shining eyes never looked more beautiful.She 8 a quick deep breath because of surprise.
He winked(眨眼) at 9 and grabbed his jacket from across the room.He had to cross her path again，as she was seated by the door.He stopped，took a look at her for a second 10 ，and pulled out his 11 .He handed her a dollar bill.
I don’t remember what was 12 ，for it was not any of my business.That man 13 her
a good rest of her night as he and his wife left，leaving a huge 14 on our hearts forever.My sweet baby 15 about her dollar’s whereabouts(所在之处) all night.I know that she felt its magic，and I know that I did，too.
语篇解读本文为记叙文。

一位原本在发脾气的小女孩因为一位老人的善举而变得开心起来。

1．A.relief B．tears
C．ruins D．danger
答案B
解析由下文多次出现的sad可知，小女孩因为某种误会在“哭泣(tear)”。

2．A.some B．much
C．little D．endless
答案C
解析由上句“I didn’t pay special attention to her.”可知，对待小女孩的所谓的“中间儿童
综合征”，作者“几乎没有(little)”耐心。

3．A.stood up B．moved on
C．turned out D．got out
答案D
解析由“stopped our car”可知，他们待车停下来以后从车内“出去(get out)”。

stand up站
起来，经得起；move on继续前进，开始做；turn out结果是；get out离开，出去。

4．A.earlier B．behind
C．late D．before
解析由“followed us”可知，小女孩走在最后，比其他人“落后(behind)”几秒钟。

5．A.walked B．looked
C．jumped D．ran
答案A
解析由下文“with his wife holding him up on his right side”可知，老人是“走着(walk)”来到小女孩身旁的。

6．A.mouth B．eye
C．nose D．face
答案B
解析老人看着小女孩的“眼睛(eye)”讲话。

7．A.tired B．clever
C．beautiful D．brave
答案C
解析由本空前后的“You look sad，sweetie.”及“beautiful”可知，老人说这么“漂亮的(beautiful)”小女孩是不应该伤心的。

8．A.made B．needed
C．avoided D．took
答案D
解析take a deep breath是固定搭配，意为“深吸一口气”。

9．A.him B．her
C．us D．them
答案B
解析由上下文语境可判断老人应该是向小女孩眨眼。

10．A.minute B．day
C．chance D．time
答案D
解析由上文“He looked her in the eye and said”可知，老人是第二“次(time)”看小女孩。

11．A.bag B．wallet
C．pocket D．hand
答案B
解析由“He handed her a dollar bill.”可知，老人拿出来的是他的“钱包(wallet)”。

12．A.done B．expected
C．said D．reported
解析由“for it was not any of my business”可知，此处指作者不记得老人对其小孩“说(say)”了些什么。

13．A.wished B．brought
C．gave D．cost
答案A
解析老人离开时“祝愿(wish)”小女孩过得快乐。

14．A.task B．stress
C．challenge D．impression
答案D
解析老人的善举给作者一家人留下了深刻的“印象(impression)”。

15．A.cared B．asked
C．worried D．heard
答案B
解析由“her dollar’s whereabouts(所在之处)”可知，小女孩一晚上都在“询问(ask)”这一美元放在哪儿了。

Ⅴ.语法填空
Do you have any idea of New Year paintings？1. (know) as “paper paintings” and “painted pictures”，New Year paintings are a special art form in Chinese folk culture.Without New Year paintings，our traditional Chinese folk culture would be much less 2.
(color)．The paintings get such a name because they are mostly posted during the Chinese New Year holiday for 3. (decorate) and they are also accepted as a symbol of New Year’s greetings.
New Year paintings appeared around the Tang Dynasty,4. (replace) the previous door pictures believed to be able to protect the residents and drive away ghosts.In the Song Dynasty the New Year paintings 5. (create) on a large scale(规模).6. the printing techniques improving，the content and forms of New Year paintings became various.The development of the paintings matured in the Ming and Qing dynasties,7. the art hit its heyday(全盛期)．There are many 8. (tradition) printing methods of New Y ear paintings,9. (include) woodblock printing，stone­block printing，offset printing，watercolor painting，etc.10. is reported，woodblock­printed New Year paintings are the most popular and interesting ones，according to a recent survey.
1．答案Known
解析考查非谓语动词。

be known as作为……而著名。

此处New Year paintings和know是被动关系，故用过去分词作状语；位于句首，首字母要大写。

故答案为Known。

2．答案colorful
解析考查词性转换。

be后面用形容词作表语，故答案为colorful。

3．答案decoration/decorating
解析考查词性转换。

介词后面用名词或动名词形式，故答案为decoration/decorating。

4．答案replacing
解析考查非谓语动词。

此处应用现在分词作结果状语，表示意料之中的结果。

故答案为replacing。

5．答案were created
解析考查时态和语态。

分析句子可知，paintings与create之间是被动关系，又由时间状语In the Song Dynasty可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是paintings，为复数形式，故答案为were created。

6．答案With
解析考查with的复合结构。

分析句子可知，此处为“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构；位于句首，首字母要大写。

故答案为With。

7．答案when
解析考查关系副词。

分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，且从句中缺少时间状语，故填when。

8．答案traditional
解析考查词性转换。

此处是形容词修饰名词，故答案为traditional。

9．答案including
解析考查词性转换。

分析句子可知，此处指的是“包括……在内”，故答案为介词including。

10．答案As
解析考查关系代词。

根据句意可知，此处是as引导的非限制性定语从句；位于句首，首字母要大写。

故答案为As。