民用飞机腐蚀防护与控制
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腐蚀防护与控制 18
•机械应力Mechanical stress Manufacturing processes such as machining, forming, welding, or heat treatment can leave residual stress in aircraft parts and can cause cracking in a corrosive environment. 机械加工，成型，焊接或热处理等制作工 艺能在飞机部件上留下残余应力，在腐蚀环 境中导致裂纹。
CORROSION PREVENT THEORIES AND FURTHER
腐蚀防护与控制 2
飞机防腐基础知识
CORROSION PREVENT BASIC KNOWLEDGE FOR AIRCRAFT
腐蚀防护与控制
3
The purpose of this chapter is to provide information that will help maintenance personnel prevent, control, identify, and treat various types of corrosion.
腐蚀防护与控制
7
电化学腐蚀
ELECTROCHEMICAL CORROSION
All
metals and alloys are electrically active and have a specific electrical potential. The constituents in an alloy also have specific electrical potentials which are generally different from each other. Exposure of the alloy surface to a conductive corrosive medium (electrolyte) causes the more active metal to become anodic and the less active metal to become cathodic, thereby establishing local cells. The greater the difference in electrical potential between the two metals, the greater will be the severity of a corrosion, if the proper conditions are allowed to develop. The electrochemical corrosion is responsible for most forms of corrosion on aircraft structure and components.
本章的目的是帮助维修人员在工作中 防止、控制、区分以及处理各类腐蚀。
腐蚀防护与控制
4
目录CONTENTS
1、腐蚀CORROSION 2、影响腐蚀的因素 FACTORS INFLUENCING CORROSION 3、常见腐蚀剂 COMMON CORROSIVE AGENTS 4、腐蚀类型 TYPES OF CORROSION 5、常用材料的防腐措施 CORROSION PROTECTION MEASURES FOR BASIC MATERIALS
腐蚀防护与控制 11
Elimination of any one of these conditions will stop electrochemical corrosion. 任意一个条件不满足时都中止电化学腐蚀
腐蚀防护与控制
12
2、影响腐蚀的因素
FACTORS INFLUENCING CORROSION
腐蚀防护与控制
CORROSION PREVENT AND CONTROL
腐蚀防护与控制
1
飞机防腐基础知识
CORROSION PREVENT BASIC KNOWLEDGE FOR AIRCRAFT
飞机防腐的一般处理方法
BASIC CORROSION TREATMENT TECHNIQUES
飞机防腐工艺理论及提高
腐蚀防护与控制 14
Leabharlann Baidu
•温度Temperature Corrosion is quickened by high temperature environments that accelerate chemical reactions and increase the concentration of water vapor in the air. 高温环境能加快化学反应从而使腐蚀加 剧并增加空气中水蒸气的含量。
腐蚀防护与控制
6
1、腐蚀CORROSION
Corrosion is a natural occurrence that attacks metal by chemical or electrochemical action and converts it back to a metallic compound 腐蚀是通过化学或电化学方式使金属转变为 其金属化合物的一种自然反应。
腐蚀防护与控制 5
6、腐蚀的预防 CORROSION PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE 7、飞机的目视检查指南 VISUAL CORROSION INSPECTION GUIDE FOR AIRCRAFT 8、腐蚀去除相关规定 CORROSION REMOVAL PROCEDURES 9、基本的腐蚀去除工艺 BASIC CORROSION REMOVAL TECHNIQUES
当电解液在金属表面发生局部积聚（如贴合面 之间或较深的缝隙）时，该区域周围的金属腐蚀加 剧。这就是氧浓差电池。电解液的积聚使氧浓度降 低，使其周围金属相对于浸没在电解液中（或暴露 在空气中）的其它部分变成了阳极，从而发生腐蚀。
腐蚀防护与控制
17
•微生物Presence of biological organisms Bacteria, molds, fungi, and other living organisms (some microscopic) can grow on damp surfaces. Once they are established, the area usually remains damp, increasing the possibility of corrosion. 细菌、霉菌、真菌和其他微生物能在潮湿 的表面生长。微生物一旦形成，使得该区域 继续保持潮湿，增加了腐蚀的可能性。
腐蚀防护与控制
15
•电解液Presence of electrolytes
Electrolytes (electrically-conducting solutions) form on surfaces when condensation, salt spray, rain, or rinse water accumulate. Dirt, salt, acidic gases, and engine exhaust gases can dissolve on wet surfaces, increasing the electrical conductivity of the electrolyte, thereby increasing the rate of corrosion. 冷凝，盐雾，雨水或冲洗水的积聚形成电解液。 污垢，盐，酸性气体以及发动机尾气能溶解在潮湿 的表面，增大电解液的导电性，从而加快腐蚀。
腐蚀防护与控制 9
电化学腐蚀原理
腐蚀防护与控制
10
电化学腐蚀发生的四个条件：
Four conditions must exist before electrochemical corrosion can occur：
（1）A metal subject to corrosion (Anode) 阳极 （2）A dissimilar conductive material (Cathode) 与阳极金属不同种类的导电材料——阴极 （3）Presence of a continuous, conductive liquid path (Electrolyte) 连续的导电液体——电解液 （4）Electrical contact between the anode and the cathode 阳极与阴极的电接触
腐蚀防护与控制
16
•氧的作用Availability of oxygen
When some of the electrolyte on a metal surface is partially confined, (such as between faying surfaces or in a deep crevice) the metal around this area corrodes more rapidly. This type of corrosion is called an oxygen concentration cell. Corrosion occurs more rapidly because the reduced oxygen content of the confined electrolyte causes the adjacent metal to become anodic to other metal surfaces on the same part that are immersed in electrolyte or exposed to air.
腐蚀防护与控制
13
•金属种类Type of metal
Most pure metals are not suitable for aircraft construction and are used only in combination with other metals to form alloys. Most alloys are made up entirely of small crystalline regions, called grains. Corrosion can occur on surfaces of those regions which are less resistant and also at boundaries between regions, resulting in the formation of pits and intergranular corrosion. Metals have a wide range of corrosion resistance. The most active metals, (those which lose electrons easily), such as magnesium and aluminum, corrode easily. The most noble metals (those which do not lose electrons easily), such as gold and silver, do not corrode easily. 大部分纯金属不适合直接作为飞机结构，而是与其它金属结 合形成合金。大部分合金由微小的晶体结构（晶粒）组成。腐 蚀往往发生在抗性不高的晶粒表面和边界处，导致点状腐蚀和 晶间腐蚀。金属耐腐蚀性差异很大。越活泼（易失去电子）越 易腐蚀，如镁、铝；越稀有的金属（不易失去电子）越不易腐 蚀，如金、银。
腐蚀防护与控制 8
所有金属和合金都有电化学活泼 性，有一定的电位。合金中的不同成 份之间电位也不相同。一旦合金表面 接触到导电的，或腐蚀性的介质（电 解液）会使较活泼的金属变为阳极， 不活泼金属变为阴极，形成微电池。 如果存在合适的条件，那么，两种金 属间的电位相差越大，腐蚀就越剧烈。 电化学腐蚀是飞机结构和部件的 主要腐蚀形式。
•机械应力Mechanical stress Manufacturing processes such as machining, forming, welding, or heat treatment can leave residual stress in aircraft parts and can cause cracking in a corrosive environment. 机械加工，成型，焊接或热处理等制作工 艺能在飞机部件上留下残余应力，在腐蚀环 境中导致裂纹。
CORROSION PREVENT THEORIES AND FURTHER
腐蚀防护与控制 2
飞机防腐基础知识
CORROSION PREVENT BASIC KNOWLEDGE FOR AIRCRAFT
腐蚀防护与控制
3
The purpose of this chapter is to provide information that will help maintenance personnel prevent, control, identify, and treat various types of corrosion.
腐蚀防护与控制
7
电化学腐蚀
ELECTROCHEMICAL CORROSION
All
metals and alloys are electrically active and have a specific electrical potential. The constituents in an alloy also have specific electrical potentials which are generally different from each other. Exposure of the alloy surface to a conductive corrosive medium (electrolyte) causes the more active metal to become anodic and the less active metal to become cathodic, thereby establishing local cells. The greater the difference in electrical potential between the two metals, the greater will be the severity of a corrosion, if the proper conditions are allowed to develop. The electrochemical corrosion is responsible for most forms of corrosion on aircraft structure and components.
本章的目的是帮助维修人员在工作中 防止、控制、区分以及处理各类腐蚀。
腐蚀防护与控制
4
目录CONTENTS
1、腐蚀CORROSION 2、影响腐蚀的因素 FACTORS INFLUENCING CORROSION 3、常见腐蚀剂 COMMON CORROSIVE AGENTS 4、腐蚀类型 TYPES OF CORROSION 5、常用材料的防腐措施 CORROSION PROTECTION MEASURES FOR BASIC MATERIALS
腐蚀防护与控制 11
Elimination of any one of these conditions will stop electrochemical corrosion. 任意一个条件不满足时都中止电化学腐蚀
腐蚀防护与控制
12
2、影响腐蚀的因素
FACTORS INFLUENCING CORROSION
腐蚀防护与控制
CORROSION PREVENT AND CONTROL
腐蚀防护与控制
1
飞机防腐基础知识
CORROSION PREVENT BASIC KNOWLEDGE FOR AIRCRAFT
飞机防腐的一般处理方法
BASIC CORROSION TREATMENT TECHNIQUES
飞机防腐工艺理论及提高
腐蚀防护与控制 14
Leabharlann Baidu
•温度Temperature Corrosion is quickened by high temperature environments that accelerate chemical reactions and increase the concentration of water vapor in the air. 高温环境能加快化学反应从而使腐蚀加 剧并增加空气中水蒸气的含量。
腐蚀防护与控制
6
1、腐蚀CORROSION
Corrosion is a natural occurrence that attacks metal by chemical or electrochemical action and converts it back to a metallic compound 腐蚀是通过化学或电化学方式使金属转变为 其金属化合物的一种自然反应。
腐蚀防护与控制 5
6、腐蚀的预防 CORROSION PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE 7、飞机的目视检查指南 VISUAL CORROSION INSPECTION GUIDE FOR AIRCRAFT 8、腐蚀去除相关规定 CORROSION REMOVAL PROCEDURES 9、基本的腐蚀去除工艺 BASIC CORROSION REMOVAL TECHNIQUES
当电解液在金属表面发生局部积聚（如贴合面 之间或较深的缝隙）时，该区域周围的金属腐蚀加 剧。这就是氧浓差电池。电解液的积聚使氧浓度降 低，使其周围金属相对于浸没在电解液中（或暴露 在空气中）的其它部分变成了阳极，从而发生腐蚀。
腐蚀防护与控制
17
•微生物Presence of biological organisms Bacteria, molds, fungi, and other living organisms (some microscopic) can grow on damp surfaces. Once they are established, the area usually remains damp, increasing the possibility of corrosion. 细菌、霉菌、真菌和其他微生物能在潮湿 的表面生长。微生物一旦形成，使得该区域 继续保持潮湿，增加了腐蚀的可能性。
腐蚀防护与控制
15
•电解液Presence of electrolytes
Electrolytes (electrically-conducting solutions) form on surfaces when condensation, salt spray, rain, or rinse water accumulate. Dirt, salt, acidic gases, and engine exhaust gases can dissolve on wet surfaces, increasing the electrical conductivity of the electrolyte, thereby increasing the rate of corrosion. 冷凝，盐雾，雨水或冲洗水的积聚形成电解液。 污垢，盐，酸性气体以及发动机尾气能溶解在潮湿 的表面，增大电解液的导电性，从而加快腐蚀。
腐蚀防护与控制 9
电化学腐蚀原理
腐蚀防护与控制
10
电化学腐蚀发生的四个条件：
Four conditions must exist before electrochemical corrosion can occur：
（1）A metal subject to corrosion (Anode) 阳极 （2）A dissimilar conductive material (Cathode) 与阳极金属不同种类的导电材料——阴极 （3）Presence of a continuous, conductive liquid path (Electrolyte) 连续的导电液体——电解液 （4）Electrical contact between the anode and the cathode 阳极与阴极的电接触
腐蚀防护与控制
16
•氧的作用Availability of oxygen
When some of the electrolyte on a metal surface is partially confined, (such as between faying surfaces or in a deep crevice) the metal around this area corrodes more rapidly. This type of corrosion is called an oxygen concentration cell. Corrosion occurs more rapidly because the reduced oxygen content of the confined electrolyte causes the adjacent metal to become anodic to other metal surfaces on the same part that are immersed in electrolyte or exposed to air.
腐蚀防护与控制
13
•金属种类Type of metal
Most pure metals are not suitable for aircraft construction and are used only in combination with other metals to form alloys. Most alloys are made up entirely of small crystalline regions, called grains. Corrosion can occur on surfaces of those regions which are less resistant and also at boundaries between regions, resulting in the formation of pits and intergranular corrosion. Metals have a wide range of corrosion resistance. The most active metals, (those which lose electrons easily), such as magnesium and aluminum, corrode easily. The most noble metals (those which do not lose electrons easily), such as gold and silver, do not corrode easily. 大部分纯金属不适合直接作为飞机结构，而是与其它金属结 合形成合金。大部分合金由微小的晶体结构（晶粒）组成。腐 蚀往往发生在抗性不高的晶粒表面和边界处，导致点状腐蚀和 晶间腐蚀。金属耐腐蚀性差异很大。越活泼（易失去电子）越 易腐蚀，如镁、铝；越稀有的金属（不易失去电子）越不易腐 蚀，如金、银。
腐蚀防护与控制 8
所有金属和合金都有电化学活泼 性，有一定的电位。合金中的不同成 份之间电位也不相同。一旦合金表面 接触到导电的，或腐蚀性的介质（电 解液）会使较活泼的金属变为阳极， 不活泼金属变为阴极，形成微电池。 如果存在合适的条件，那么，两种金 属间的电位相差越大，腐蚀就越剧烈。 电化学腐蚀是飞机结构和部件的 主要腐蚀形式。