人教版英语选修八单元知识梳理

人教版英语选修八单元知识梳理
人教版英语选修八单元知识梳理

Book ⅧUnit One A land of diversity

I. 写出下列单词的汉语意思。

1. Catholic___________

2. conqueror ___________

3. prehistoric ___________

4. react ____________

5. immigrant _________

6. central __________

7. luggage (u) __________

8.insert_____________

9. slavery __________ 10. strait ____________ 11. aircraft ___________ 12. bakery __________ II. 写出下列英语单词。

1.大多数___________ 2. 百分比______________ 3. 指出;暗示____________4. 申请人___________

5. 显然的,表面上的_______________, adv. ______________ 同义词obvious; clear; pronounced

6. 交换____________ 同义词exchange, trade

7. 租用;雇佣_______同义词rent; employ; take on

8. 滑动;滑行________

9. 国籍;民族___________ 10. 种族的__________ n. ____________

11. 混合______混合物_______12. 社会主义者的;社会主义者___________社会_______社会主义______ III. 写出下列短语的汉语意思。

1. by means of __________

2. make a life ___________

3. occur to ___________

4. take in ____________

5. mark out _____________

6. a great many __________

7. team up with _______

8. keep up____________

9. feel like ______________ 10. in addition to _________ 11. settle in __________ get a view of _________ IV. 翻译或完成下列句子。

1. 我突然想起来该给他发个电子邮件。(occur to)

2. 这项研究表明贫穷与犯罪有着密切的联系。(indicate)

3.到战争爆发时,许多人已经离开了家园。

By the time _______________________, many people _______________________home.

4. 这些议论与询问没有直接的联系。

These comments are not directly ___________________ the enquiry.

5. 我们绝不放弃我们的计划。(by no means, in no way in no case)

6. 你愿意出去和我做做晨练吗?(feel like)

7. 我很可能会得到这份工作。(likely,两种做法)

8. 人们相信地球外的空间还存在着生命。(it is believed that)

9. 十年来他一直依靠着他的爷爷生活。(现在完成进形式)

V. 学习下列语法。名词性从句(I)

一、名词性从句的结构和功能总述

名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。名词性从句是一种具有名词功能的非独立分句。名词性从句主要有四种从句结构:①以that引导的从句;②以whether/if引导的从句;③以特殊疑问词引导的从句;④以what或wh-ever等关系代词引导的名词性关系从句。此外,as if/as though, because 也可引导表语从句。

二、that从句

(一)主语从句

1. that从句作主语时,常用it作形式主语,常见的句型有:

(I) It +be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable,

etc)+that从句。如:

It is certain that she will do well in her exam.她肯定会在考试中表现好的。

It is probable that he has told her everything.他很可能把一切都告诉了她。

(2) It +be+名词词组(no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+ that从句。如:

It’s a pity that we can’t go.很遗憾你不能去。

It’s no surprise that our team has won the game.我们队赢得比赛的胜利,这不奇怪。

(3)It +be+过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+that从句。如:

It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing.据说格林先生已经到达了北京。

It is decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday.已经决定将会议推迟到下周一。

(4) It seems/ happens that…

It happened that he was ill when we found him.我们找到他时他碰巧病了。

It seems that he doesn’t like his job.他好像不喜欢他的工作。

2.在口语和非正式文体中,that常可省略,尤其是在非常短的句子中,that总是不必要的,但当that从句位于句首时,连词that是绝对不能省略的。如:

It’s a pity (that) you’re leaving.你要走,真遗憾

That we are invited to a concert this evening is good news tous.

我们被邀请去参加今晚的音乐会,这对我们来说是个好消息

(二)宾语从句/

1.常见的可以接that从句作宾语的动词有see, say, know, imagine, discover, believe, tell, show, think, consider, be sure, be afraid等。在可以接复合宾语的动词之后,如think, make, consider等,可以用it作形式宾语。

如:

Do you know( that) he has joined the army?你知道他参军了吗?

We think it highly probable that he is dead.他已经死了,我们认为这是非常可能的

We consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation.我们认为它必须改进他的发音。

He has made it clear that he will not give in.他已明确表示他是不会屈服的。

2.that从句一般不能充当介词宾语,偶尔可作except, in的宾语。如:

He differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading.

他和他的同学们不同的地方在于他把业余时间用在了读书上

其他介词后面需要用that从句作宾语时,必须用it作形式宾语:如:

You may depend on it that I shall always help you.你要相信我会一直帮助你的。

(三)表语从句

that引导表语从句时,不可省略。如:

My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 o’clock tomorrow morning.

我的决定是我们所有人明天早晨6点出发。

(四)同位语从句

that引导同位语从句时,应放在某些抽象名词之后,如fact, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news, problem, possibility等,对前面的名词起补充说明的作用,连词that只起引导同位语从句的作用,在从句中不担当任何成分,不能省略。如:

There’s a feeling in me that we’ll never know what a UFO is-- not ever.

我感到我们永远也不会知道UFO,永远不会。

三、whether/if(是否)

(一)在表语从句和同位语从句中只能用whether不能用if,当主语从句放于句首时,也只能用whether 不能用if;当it作形式主语,把主语从句放在句尾时用whether或if均可;discuss后接表“是否”的宾语从句时,必须用whether引导。如:

Whether the meeting will be given is still a problem.(主语从句放于句首)

这个会要不要开仍然是个问题。

It is doubtful whether/if he will come here.(主语从句放于句尾)

他会不会来还不确定。

The problem is whether the meeting will be given.(表语从句)

问题是要不要开这个会。

I have no idea whether the meeting will be given.(同位语从句)

不知道要不要开这个会。

(二)if/whether引导的宾语从句

1.在及物动词后

I don’t care if he doesn’t come.我不在乎他来不来(宾语从句为否定句时用if)

I don’t care whether/if he comes or not.我不在乎他来还是不来。

I don’t care whether or not he comes.我不在乎他是不是来。

I don’t know whether to go there.我不是到要不要到那儿去。(不用if)

2.在介词后

在介词后只用whether,不用if。如:

It depends on whether you can do the work well.这要看你能不能做好工作而定。

Book ⅧUnit Two Cloning

I. 写出下列单词的汉语意思。

1. clone__________

2. identical__________

3. procedure _________

4. breakthrough _________

5. arbitrary _________

6. decoration _________

7. resist __________

https://www.360docs.net/doc/ef12158335.html,mercial_____________

9. accumulate __________ 10. disturbing ____________ 11. extinct __________12. regulation ____________ 13. moral ________14. media _________ 15. assumption __________ 16. popularity _________17. fate ______ II. 写出下列英语单词。

1. 仅;不过_________

2. 总共;完全____________

3. 准确的;精密的__________

4. 不同________

5. 着手;从事;承担______________

6.简单的;直接的,坦率的____________同义词:easy,direct,frank

7. 论据;论点;争论_____________v.___________近义词:debate, quarrel

8. 获得;得到________同:gain

9. 合情合理的;讲道理的;公道的_____________10.打扰_____________近义词:disturb, trouble, interrupt 11. 立刻;不久____________12. 退休___________13. 禁止____________反义词:permit,allow

III. 写出下列英语短语或短语的汉语意思。

1. 反对_________________

2. 是沮丧_________________

3. 一定,注定(做)_______________

4.赞成,支持_______________

5. 得到好结果,取得成功;偿清_____________

6. 不适;偶尔____________

7. 是复生__________________

8.reward…with…______________

9. have an impact on ________________ 10. open one’s eyes to ________________ 11. be a long way from ______________ 12. pass on… to… ______ IV. 翻译或完成下列句子。

1. 汤姆补充说他的许多观点与合伙人不一样。(differ)

Tom added that many of his vies ________________________________ of his partners.

2. 玛丽不喜欢在工作时间被打扰。(object to)

3.我放点音乐会打扰你吗?(bother)

4. 当它到达那儿时,禁不住想进去。(resist) When he got there, he ____________________________in.

5. 有规定此处禁止停车。(forbid)

6. 那些到达顶峰的人看到了奇观。(be rewarded with)

7. 如果当时我没有放弃的话,我的事业也会取得成功的。(虚拟语气;pay off)

V. 学习下列语法。名词性从句(II)

四、特殊疑问词

(一)主语从句

特殊疑问词引导主语从句时,常用it作形式主语。如:

It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.我们在哪儿开会都无所谓。

It has not been decided yet who will preside over the meeting.由谁来主持会议,还没有确定。

(二)宾语从句

1.作动词宾语。能接特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句的动词很多,常见的有see, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, show, discuss, understand, inform,advise等。如:

I can’t imagine how he did it.我不能想象他是如何做的这件事

They couldn’t understand why I refused it.他们不明白我为什么拒绝。

2.作介词宾语。如:

It all depends (on) how we solve the problem.这完全要看我们如何解决这个问题。

We are worrying about what we should do next.我们正在为下一步该怎么办而烦恼。

(三)表语从句、同位语从句

The problem is where we should stay问题是我们应该呆在哪里?(表语从句)

My question how I shall get in touch with him has not been answered.

我怎样才能和他取得联系的问题没有得到答复。(同位语从句)

五、名词性关系从句

名词性关系从句实际上是先行词与在其后的定语从句的结合。what是最常用来引导名词性关系从句的关系代词,此时what =the thing(s) which/that,有时what可以用作前置定语,如what help, what funny stories等。此外,whoever = anyone who; whichever =anyone/anything that( whichever也可指人);whatever= anything that ( whichever和whatever也可作定语)。有时where = the place where和when=the time when,

也可以用来引导名词性关系从句。

(一)主语从句

What they need is a good text book. 他们需要的东西是一本好课本。

Whichever he likes will be given to him.他喜欢的所有东西都会给他。

Whoever did this job must be rewarded.无论谁做了这件工作一定要得到酬谢。

(二)宾语从句

We shall not forget when(=the time when) the meeting will open.我们不会忘记开会的时间。

She will give whoever(=anyone who) needs help a warm support.

凡需要帮助的人,她都会给予热情的帮助。

She walked up to where(=the place where) he stood.她走到他站着的地方。(作介词宾语)

I can judge by what(= the things that) I know of him.我可以根据我对他的了解来判断。(同上)

(三)表语从句

This is where our problem lies.这就是我们的问题所在

Tomorrow is when it would be the most convenient.明天是最方便的时候。

(四)同位语从句

I gave the girl a big doll, exactly what she longed to have.

我给了这个女孩一个大洋娃娃,那正是她渴望拥有的东西。

(五)名词性关系从句还可以作宾语补足语

We’ll make him whatever he is fit for.他适合干什么,我们就培养他干什么

I’ll call the baby whatever name you like.你喜欢哪一个名字,我就叫娃娃哪个名字

He has made the company what it is today.他把公司办成了今天这个样子

六、名词性从句的几个难点

(一)that通常不可省略的情况

1.主语从句中,that从句置于句首时;

2,当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时,引导第二和以后几个从句的that不可省略;

3.由it作形式宾语时,that引导的宾语从句中that也不可省略

(二)wh-ever与no matter wh- 的用法区别

wh-ever既可引导名词性关系从句,又可引导让步状语从句;而no matter wh- 只能引导让步状语从句。

如:

Whatever I said, he wouldn’t listen to me. =No matter what I said, he wouldn’t listen to me.

无论我说什么,他都不会听我的。(让步状语从句)

He would believe whatever I said.我说什么他都信。(宾语从句)

另外,在whoever, whatever, whenever, wherever中,ever起强调作用,意为“究竟、到底”。如:

Wherever have you been?你究竟去了哪里?

(三)as if/as though, because, why也可引导表语从句。如:

It looked as if it was going to rain.好像要下雨。

That’s because he didn’t work hard enough.那时因为他工作不努力。

That was why I asked for three days’ leave.这时我请三天假的原因。

注意:含有because引导的表语从句的句子,主语不能是reason或because,而且since, as不能引导表语从句。

(四)连词that引导的同位语从句与关系代词that引导的定语从句的区别:

连词that引导同位语从句时,应放在某些抽象名词之后,如fact, hope, desire, thought等,对前面的名词起补充说明的作用,连词that只起引导同位语从句的作用,在从句中不担当任何成分,因此that 引导的同位语从句是完整的不缺任何成分。

关系代词that引导定语从句时,关系代词that一方面起引导定语从句的作用,另一方面,that在定语从句中担当主语、宾语或表语。因此that引导的定语从句是残缺的。如:

The news that our football team won the match was encouraging.(同位语从句,不缺任何成分)

我们队赢得比赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。

The news (that) we heard on the radio was not true.(定语从句,缺少宾语)

我们在收音机里听到的消息不是真的。

Book ⅧUnit Three Inventors and inventions

I. 写出下列单词的汉语意思。

1. patent ________

2. monitor _________

3. passive __________

4. valid ________

5. perfume ___________

6. straw ____________

7. inspiration ___________

8. reproduce _____________

9. committee ____________ 10. claim _________ 11. expectation ___________v. _________ 12. abrupt(ly) _________13. release ________ 14. recognition __________ 15. court __________ 16. version _________ 17. triangle _______18. file _______ II. 写出下列英语单词。

1. 稳固的,安定的_________同义词:steady, firm

2. 实际的;实践的;应用的_________

3. 额头______

4. 申请;请求;实施___________v. _________

5. 脏乱的状态;杂乱________

6.发现;发觉n.____________

7. 忍受;忍耐;负担________同义词:stand; put up with

8. 产品____________

9. 粉末;火药_________ 10显示…差别;使…有所不同;辨别______________11. 轻拍;轻打_____12. 点;小圆点;打点________ 13. 气流;电流;现在的;当前的_____________14. 金属线;电线___________

III. 写出下列英语短语或短语的汉语意思。

1. 回复电话_____________

2. 的缺;事实上___________

3.设法联系上;做完;通过_________________

4. 次序颠倒;发生故障_________________

5. 不挂断;紧紧握住;稍等___________

6. 挂断电话_______

7. 交通堵塞_____________

8. 开始(做)______________

9. 开始;着手____________10.万一_________ 11. 被踩出的路;常规;惯例______________12. 迅速把手伸入;一心投入___________

13. at the same time _____________ 14. bank balance ____________ 15. apply for __________ 16.lead to____ 17. be prepared for _____________18. get rid of ____________

IV. 翻译或完成下列句子。

1. 那儿有备用电池,万一你需要使用上。(in case) There are _______ batteries there ________ you need them.

2. 我觉得太尴尬,不识到自己是怎样吃完剩下的晚餐的。(get through)

I was so _____________ that I didn’t know how _______________________________.

3. 史密斯先生已着手写一篇有关空气污染的报道。(set about, deal with)

4. 这场病把我的度假计划打乱了。(make a mess of)

5. 我现在不便和他联系。(convenient)

6. 你要记住你父母指望你成为一名好医生。(bear…in mind; depend on)

7. 知道你告诉我我才知到我误解了她的意思。(not…until; 三种做法)

V. 学习下列语法。过去分词(I)作定语、表语和宾语补足语

一、过去分词作定语

1.过去分词作定语,作用相当于一个定语从句.如:

What’s the language spoken (= tha t is spoken)in that area?那个地区讲的是什么语言?

Is there anything planned ( = that has been planned) for tonight?今晚安排了什么活动没有?

2.过去分词短语还可以作非限制性定语,作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句.如:

The book, written ( = which was written) in 1957, tells the struggle of the miners.

这本书是1957年写的,讲的是关于矿工斗争的故事.

3.单个过去分词作定语常放在所修饰的名词之前,也可放在其后.如:

Do you know the number of books ordered?订了多少书,你知道吗?

They decided to change the used material.他们决定改变所用材料.

4.过去分词常表示动作发生的时间早于谓语动词,或者没有时间性,只表示被动关系.如:

The question discussed is very important.被讨论过的问题是很重要的.(既表被动又表完成)

I don’t like to see letters written in pencil.我不喜欢看用铅笔写的信.(没有一定的时间性,只表被动)

5.注意过去分词与其它非谓语形式作定语的区别:现在分词(doing)作定语,表示一个主动的、正在进行的动

作;现在分词的被动语态(being done)表示一个被动的、正在进行的动作;不定式(to do)作定语表示一个将要发生的动作.如:

The meeting being held(which is being held) now is very important.正在召开的这个会议很重要.

The meeting held(which was held) yesterday is very important.昨天召开的会议很重要.

The meeting to be held(which will be held) tomorrow is very important.明天将要召开的会议很重要.

二、过去分词作表语

过去分词作表语,多表示主语所处的状态。例如:

The door remained locked . 门锁着。

She was very disappointed at the result of the exam. 她对考试的结果很是失望。

能这样用的表示状态的过去分词有:

delighted, upset, disappointed, discouraged, amused, astonished, frightened, amazed, excited,

experienced, interested, pleased, puzzled, satisfied, tired, surprised, worried 等。

有些过去分词作表语时,与系动词一起构成的系表结构与普通的被动结构在形式上相似。它们的主要区别是:被动结构中的过去分词表示一个被动的动作,而系表结构中的过去分词表示主语所处的状态。

例如:

1. The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains. 这座城三面环山。(系表结构)

The enemy was soon surrounded by us. 敌人很快被我们包围了。(被动结构)

2. He was injured in the leg. 他腿部受伤了。(系表结构)

He has been injured twice this year. 他今年已经二次负伤。(被动结构)

可以这样用的过去分词有:covered, shut dressed, broken, wounded, closed, surrounded, killed, finished, lined, injured, loaded, lost, typed, completed。

三、过去分词作宾语补足语

(一)能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下四类:

1. 表示感觉或心理状态的动词.如:see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等.

(1) I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌.(过去分词sung的动作显然先于谓语

动作heard;)

(2)He found his hometown greatly changed. 他发现他的家乡变化很大.(过去分词changed的动作显然先

于谓语动作found)

2. 表示"致使"意义的动词.如:have, make, get, keep, leave等.

(1) I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发.

(2) He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了.

(3) Don’t leave those things undone. 要把那些事情做完.

3. 表示思维活动的动词如consider,know,think等后。如:

(1) I consider the matter settled. 我认为这件事解决了。

(2) I thought myself wronged somehow in the bargain.

我认为自己在这场交易中有受愚弄了。

4. 表示爱憎?意愿的动词如want,wish,like,hate等后。如:

(1) I wanted two tickets reserved. 我要预定两张机票。

(2) He didn’t wish it mentioned. 他不愿这事被提起。

【注意】过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系.

(二)使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况.

1. 过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成.

He had his money stolen.他的钱给偷了.(被别人偷去了)

2. 过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历、遭遇。如:

He had his leg broken.他的腿断了。(自己的经历)

(三)"with +宾语+过去分词"结构

此结构中,过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语.这一结构通常在句中作时间,方式,条件,原因等状语.

(1) The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.

凶手被带进来了,他的双手被绑在背后.(表方式)

(2) With water heated, we can see the steam. 水一被加热,我们就会看到水蒸气.(表条件)

(3) With the matter settled, we all went home. 事情得到解决,我们都回家了.(表原因)

(4) She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face. 她站在他面前,眼睛注视着他.

(5) He stood for an instant with his hand still raised. 他仍然举着手站了一会儿.

Book ⅧUnit Four Pygmalion

I. 写出下列单词的汉语意思。

1. plot _______

2. phonetics _________

3. adaptation __________

4. fortune ________

5. classic _________

6. alphabet _________

7. distinct ___________

8. nail ____________

9. compromise ________ 10. sob_______ 11. fateful __________ 12. ambassador __________ 13. brilliant ___________ 14. status __________

II. 写出下列英语单词。

1. 教授___________

2. 犹豫;踌躇__________n.____________

3. 不舒服的;不自在的;不安的__________

4. 军官__________

5. 优秀的;上级的;上级;上官___________

6.(位置地位)较高的_______________

7. 谴责;使...注定;判刑_____________同义词:sentence

8. (见解或判断上)错误的_______________

9. 结果;效果_____________ 10.背叛;显露出___________11.带来麻烦的;使人心烦的_______________ 12.不舒服的;难受的_____________13.音乐的;喜爱音乐的______________14.发音;宣称_____________ 15. 俯视;未看到;忽视;不理会___________16.有效的____________近义词:efficient 17.开除________ 18.可怕的;恐怖的____________19.使人反感的___________20.尽情的;热心的;痛快的____________ III. 写出下列英语短语或短语的汉语意思。

1. 前几天_________________

2.再一次_____________

3. 需要_______________

4.带走;取走____________

5. 逐渐模糊;渐淡_____________

6.带或领…进来____________

7.就…来说,从…角度_________________

8. (某人)冒充_________________

9.惊愕地_________________10.伪装的;假扮的__________________ 11.一般来说__________________ 12. 结识;与…相见___________________13. take…for…____________ 14. fancy oneself (as)______________________ 15. have no face to do…_______________16.begin with_____ 17. resign oneself to ______________ resign from_______________ resign as______________

IV. 翻译或完成下列句子。

1. 我没有脸求你帮忙了。(have no face to do)

2. 他在翻阅照片的时候,发现了一张银行支票。(while)

3. 你占我的位置上会怎么样?(what if)

4. 这些信件将不被作为证据接受。(accept…as)

5. 我受够了这种枯燥的生活。(beefed up with)

6. 也不失为什么,我总觉得我能得到那份工作。

V. 学习下列语法。过去分词(II)作状语

一、过去分词作定语

1.过去分词作定语,作用相当于一个定语从句.如:

What’s the language spoken (= that is spoken)in that area?那个地区讲的是什么语言?

Is there anything planned ( = that has been planned) for tonight?今晚安排了什么活动没有?

2.过去分词短语还可以作非限制性定语,作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句.如:

The book, written ( = which was written) in 1957, tells the struggle of the miners.

这本书是1957年写的,讲的是关于矿工斗争的故事.

3.单个过去分词作定语常放在所修饰的名词之前,也可放在其后.如:

Do you know the number of books ordered?订了多少书,你知道吗?

They decided to change the used material.他们决定改变所用材料.

4.过去分词常表示动作发生的时间早于谓语动词,或者没有时间性,只表示被动关系.如:

The question discussed is very important.被讨论过的问题是很重要的.(既表被动又表完成)

I don’t like to see letters written in pencil.我不喜欢看用铅笔写的信.(没有一定的时间性,只表被动)

5.注意过去分词与其它非谓语形式作定语的区别:现在分词(doing)作定语,表示一个主动的、正在进行的动

作;现在分词的被动语态(being done)表示一个被动的、正在进行的动作;不定式(to do)作定语表示一个将要发生的动作.如:

The meeting being held(which is being held) now is very important.正在召开的这个会议很重要.

The meeting held(which was held) yesterday is very important.昨天召开的会议很重要.

The meeting to be held(which will be held) tomorrow is very important.明天将要召开的会议很重要.

二、过去分词作表语

过去分词作表语,多表示主语所处的状态。例如:

The door remained locked . 门锁着。

She was very disappointed at the result of the exam. 她对考试的结果很是失望。

能这样用的表示状态的过去分词有:

delighted, upset, disappointed, discouraged, amused, astonished, frightened, amazed, excited,

experienced, interested, pleased, puzzled, satisfied, tired, surprised, worried 等。

有些过去分词作表语时,与系动词一起构成的系表结构与普通的被动结构在形式上相似。它们的主要区别是:被动结构中的过去分词表示一个被动的动作,而系表结构中的过去分词表示主语所处的状态。

例如:

1. The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains. 这座城三面环山。(系表结构)

The enemy was soon surrounded by us. 敌人很快被我们包围了。(被动结构)

2. He was injured in the leg. 他腿部受伤了。(系表结构)

He has been injured twice this year. 他今年已经二次负伤。(被动结构)

可以这样用的过去分词有:covered, shut dressed, broken, wounded, closed, surrounded, killed, finished, lined, injured, loaded, lost, typed, completed。

三、过去分词作宾语补足语

(一)能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下四类:

1. 表示感觉或心理状态的动词.如:see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等.

(1) I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌.(过去分词sung的动作显然先于谓语

动作heard;)

(2)He found his hometown greatly changed. 他发现他的家乡变化很大.(过去分词changed的动作显然先

于谓语动作found)

2. 表示"致使"意义的动词.如:have, make, get, keep, leave等.

(1) I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发.

(2) He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了.

(3) Don’t leave those things undone. 要把那些事情做完.

3. 表示思维活动的动词如consider,know,think等后。如:

(1) I consider the matter settled. 我认为这件事解决了。

(2) I thought myself wronged somehow in the bargain.

我认为自己在这场交易中有受愚弄了。

4. 表示爱憎?意愿的动词如want,wish,like,hate等后。如:

(1) I wanted two tickets reserved. 我要预定两张机票。

(2) He didn’t wish it mentioned. 他不愿这事被提起。

【注意】过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系.

(二)使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况.

1. 过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成.

He had his money stolen.他的钱给偷了.(被别人偷去了)

2. 过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历.如: He had his leg broken.他的腿断了. (自己的经历) (三)"with +宾语+过去分词"结构

此结构中,过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语.这一结构通常在句中作时间,方式,条件,原因等状语.

(1) The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.

凶手被带进来了,他的双手被绑在背后.(表方式)

(2) With water heated, we can see the steam. 水一被加热,我们就会看到水蒸气.(表条件)

(3) With the matter settled, we all went home. 事情得到解决,我们都回家了.(表原因)

(4) She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face. 她站在他面前,眼睛注视着他.

(5) He stood for an instant with his hand still raised. 他仍然举着手站了一会儿.

Book ⅧUnit Five Meeting your ancestors

I. 写出下列单词的汉语意思。

1. alternative _______________________

2. household __________________

3. archaeology______________

4. tentative __________________

5. accuracy ______________adj. _____________

6. excavate ___________

7. category ______________

8. punctuation ___________

9. artifact _____________10. revision ___________ 11. affection ____________12. affectionate _____________13. radioactive ________14.systematic ________ 15. ample __________ 同义词:abundant; plentiful 16. centimeter _________ 17. botany ________________ 18. analysis _____________pl._____________ 19. identify ____________ 20.primitive _____________

21. specific (ally)______________ 22. significance ______________adj.________________

II. 写出下列英语单词。

1. 正式的_________

2.有技术的,熟练的_________

3.分割;分界线;划分_________

4. 逮捕;吸引______

5. 鼓掌欢迎;赞赏__________

6. 加速;促进_____________

7. 晕眩的;混乱的;使人发晕的__________

8.保持;保存;保藏;禁猎地____________

9. 使锋利;尖锐_____________10. 打断…讲话____________ 11.(痛苦或忧虑的)减轻或解除;减轻痛苦的事物___________12. 耐心的;忍耐的__________________ III. 写出下列英语短语或短语的汉语意思。

1. 不管;不顾________________

2. 切碎__________

3.向前看;为将来打算___________

4.due to_________

5. show…around ___________________

6. construct fires ___________

7. keep…out (of) _________________

8. lie in wait for ____________________

9. make the discovery of____________10. be aware of ____________ 11. think highly (little) of ______________________ 12. in spite of ____________13. be fed up with ________ 14. now and then _____________ 15. care about __________

IV. 翻译或完成下列句子。

1. 我是在原来我住过的房子里找到的我的毕业证。(diploma)

2. 你看上去很累。你昨天晚上一定工作到了很晚。(must)

3. 你肯定没有见过我的新房。(can)

4. 那时他要是知道这件事该多好!(if only)

5. 他一路冲往车站,结果还是错过了火车。(only to)

6. 南北分界线正变得越来越明显。(pronounced)

V. 学习下列语法。动词的时态特殊结构及用法

一、一般现在时的特殊结构及用法:

A. 客观存在、客观规律、正确事实或科学真理及格言或警句中。此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使

主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。

Shanghai lies in the east of China

Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。

Columbus proved that the earth is round.

B. 表示安排、计划要发生的动作(一般有明确的时间状语,而且限于come, begin, leave, go, arrive, start, stop,

open, return等)

Hurry up! Our train leaves at 6:30.

C. 在时间、条件、让步状语从句中,表示将来。

If he comes, I will let you know as soon as possible.

D. 倒装句,表示动作正在进行,如:

Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.

二、一般过去时的特殊结构及用法:

A. 在时间、条件、方式状语从句中用一般过去时表示过去将来。

He said he would come to see me if he got there.

B. 用used to表示过去常常干……,现在不再干了,用would表示一个过去的习惯性动作。

During the vacation, we would go skating in winter

三、一般将来时的特殊结构及用法:

A. be going to +动词原形,表示主语现在打算在最近或以后做什么,这种打算是事先考虑好的。另外可表

示根据已有迹象非常可能要发生的情况。

I’m afraid I’m going to have a cold

B. be to do表示计划、吩咐等。

①All these are to be answered for! ②He is to speak on TV tonight.

C. be about to do/be on the point of doing表示正要或即将干某事,多与when连用,不接时间状语。

D. will用于条件从句中强调愿望或打算。

If he will listen to me. I will give him some advice.

四、过去将来时的特殊结构及用法:

A. was / were going to+动词原形

B. was/were to +动词原形

C. was/were about to +动词原形

D. was / were + on the point of doing sth

五、现在进行时的特殊结构及用法:

A. 表示说话人现在对主语的行为表示赞叹或厌恶等.常与always,instantly, continually等副词连用。

He is always thinking of others

The young are always changing his mind.

B. 已经确定或安排好的将来活动

I’m leaving for a trek in Nepal next week.(已经安排了)

We’re flying to Paris tomorrow.(票已经拿到了)

C. 习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。也常用于时间、条件、让

步等状语从句中。

Mr. Green is writing another novel.

He likes listening to music when he is bathing.

六、过去进行时的特殊结构及用法:

A. 表示说话人过去对主语的行为表示赞叹厌恶等,常与always, constantly等副词连用。

The boy were constantly making trouble.

B. 表示位移或方向的go, come等词表示过去将要发生的动作。

Nobody knew whether he was leaving for the countryside.

七、现在完成时的特殊结构及用法:

A. 表示从过去到现在没有发生的动作。

I haven’t heard from my friend, Tom, for years.

B. 表示反复的或习惯性的动作。

I have visited Peking several times.

C. 用在时间、条件状语从句中.表示从句动作发生在主句动作之前。

I can tell him after you have left.

八、过去完成时的特殊结构及用法:

表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。通常可使用的动词有:hope, want, expect, think, mean, suppose, plan, intend等

He had hoped to catch the first bus. but he failed to.

I had thought to help you, but I was too busy.

九、现在完成进行时:

现在完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻。例如:

(1)在强调指出动作还未结束,还要继续下去。如:

I’ve been reading this book for two hours, but I haven’t finished it.

这本书我已读了两个小时了,但我还没读完。

(2)强调动作延续时间的长久或带感情色彩。

She has always been working like that. 她一贯是这样工作的。(赞赏)

(3)动作不包含持续意义的动作,要表示延续到现在的动作,要用现在完成进行时。

They’ve been building a ship. (在进行)他们一直在造一艘船。

(4)现在完成进行时也可表示现在以前这段时间反复发生的事情。

We’ve been seeing quite a lot of each other recently. 最近我们经常见面。

现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别

1. 现在完成时可以表示一个已经完成的动作,而现在完成进行时则表示一个正在进行的动作。如:

I have read the book. 我读过这本书。

I have been reading the book. 我一直在读这本书。

【注】有少数动词(如work, study, live, teach, stay等)在表示持续一时间时用这两种时态含义差不多(只是用现在完成进行进更强调动作的持续性)。如:

I’ve lived [been living] here since 1988. 自1988年以来我就一直住在这儿。

2. 现在完成时通常只陈述事实,而现在完成进行时还可表示一种感情色彩。如:

I have waited for two hours. 我等了两小时。(陈述事实)

I have been waiting for two hours. 我等了两个小时。(等得好辛苦)

3. 现在完成进行时通常用来谈论较短暂的动作或情况,若要谈论时间延续较长的动作或情况或永久性情况,则通常用现在完成时。如:

He has lived in Paris. 他(一直)住在巴黎。

He has been living in Paris. 他(目前)住在巴黎。(表暂时性)

4. 不用于进行时态的动词通常也不用于现在完成进行时,但它们可以用于现在完成时。如:

I’ve only known her for two day. 我认识她刚刚两天。

The war has lasted for a long time. 这场战争持续了很长时间。

5. 现在完成进行时不用于被动语态,若要用可用现在完成时的被动语态代替。如:

The problem has been studied for five days. 这个问题已研究了五天。

人教版八年级下册英语知识点总结

英语知识点 Unit 1 What’s the matter? 一、重点短语 1. have a fever 发烧 2. have a cough 咳嗽 3. have a toothache 牙疼 4. talk too much 说得太多 5. drink enough water喝足够的水 6. have a cold 受凉;感冒 7. have a stomachache 胃疼 8. have a sore back 背疼 9. have a sore throat 喉咙痛10. lie down and rest 躺下来休息11. hot tea w ith honey 加蜂蜜的热茶12. see a dentist 看牙医13. get an X-ray 拍X 光片14. take one’ s temperature 量体温15. put some medicine on sth. 在……上面敷药16. feel very hot 感到很热17. sound like 听起来像18. all weekend 整个周末19. in the same way ? 以同样的方式20. go to a doctor 看医生21. go along 沿着……走22. on the side of the road 在马路边23. shout for help 大声呼救24. without th inking twice 没有多想25. get off 下车26. have a heart problem 有心脏病27. to one’ s surprise 使....... [京讶的28. thanks to 多亏了;由于29. in time 及时30. save a life 挽救生命31. get into trouble 造成麻烦32. right away 立刻;马上33. because of 由于34. get out of 离开;从……出萍35. hurt oneself 受伤36. put a bandage on sth. 用绷带包扎37. fa ll down 摔倒38. feel sick 感到恶心39. have a nosebleed 流鼻血40. cut his knee 割伤他的膝盖42. have problems breathing 呼吸困难43. mountain climbing 登山运动44. be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事45. run out (of) 用完;用尽46. so that 以便47. so. . . that 如此……以至于…48. be in control of 掌管;管理49. in a d iffic u lt situation 在闲境屮50. keep on doing sth. 继续或坚持做某事51. make a decision 做出决定52. take risks 冒险53. give up 放弃 二、重点句型 1. What’ s the matter? What’ s the matter with you? = What’s the trouble with you? = What’ s wrong with you?你怎么了 2. W hat should she do?她该怎么办呢? Should I take my temperature?我应该量一下体温吗?主语+ should/shouldn’t + 动词原形. ..①You should lie down and rest.你应该躺下休息一会儿。② You shouldn’ t go out at night. 你晚上不应该出去。 3. Do you think it comes from a newspaper or abook? 你认为它是来自报纸还是书呢? 4. I think I sat in the same way for too long withoutmoving. 我想我以同样的姿势一动不动地坐得太久了。 5. She said that the man had a heart problem andshould go to the hospital Unit 2 I ’ll help to clean up the city parks. 一、重点短语 1. Clean-Up Day 清洁日 2. an old people’s home 养老院 3. help out with sth. 帮助解决困难 4. used to 曾经……;过去_ 5. care for 关心;照顾 6. the look of joy 快乐的表情 7. at the age of 在......岁时8clean up 打扫(或清除)干净9. cheer up (使)变得更高兴;振雀10. give out 分发;散发11. come up w ith 想出;提出12. make a plan 制订计

八下英语Unit5知识点

Unit5 What were you doing wneh the rainstorm came? 过去进行时态 ⑴ .用法:①过去某个时间正在发生的动作②过去某段时间正在发生的动作 ⑵ .与过去进行时连用的时间状语,常见的有at nine last night/at that time/ then/at this time yesterday ⑶过去进行时的构成:was\were +V-ing ⑷过去进行时的四个基本句型 肯定句was\were +V-ing eg. He was cooking at six last night. 否定句wasn’t/weren’t+V-ing eg.He was not cooking at six last night. 一般疑问句Was/Were +主语+doing ....? eg.Was he cooking at six last night? 两回答Yes ,主语was/were.. No, 主语wasn’t/weren’t.. eg.Yes ,he was. No, he wasn’t. 特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+一般疑问句?eg.What was he doing at six last night? 1.at the time of 在...... 的时候 2.be busy doing sth忙于做某事 3.go off (闹钟)发出响;食物变质;灯熄灭; 4.take a shower 洗热水澡 5.begin to do/doing 开始做某事 6.pick up(the phone)=answer the phone接电话;捡起;拾起;(开车)接某人;学到;获得 7.feel like doing sth = would like/want to do sth想要做某事 8.with no light=without light 没有亮光 9.make/give a report 做报告It’s reported that… 据报道 10.see sb. do sth 看到某人做某事; see sb. doing sth 看到某人正在做某事 11.hear sb. do sth听见某人做某事;hear sb. doing sth听见某人正在做某事 hear about意为“听说”=hear of hear from意为“收到.......的来信;有.......的消息” 12.make sure确信;确保make sure to do sth 确定做某事 13.beat+比赛、竞争对手(人和球队);win+战争、奖杯奖牌、比赛游戏 14.at first =at the beginning 首先;最初first of all 首先,第一 15.fall asleep 进入梦乡;睡着-fell wake up 醒来-woke 16.die down逐渐减弱、逐渐消失 17.in a mess乱七八糟 18.in times of difficulty 在困难的时候 19.think of 想起,认为 20.be late for 迟到 21.sth happen to sb 某人出了某事(通常不好的事) 22.sb happen to sb 某人碰巧做某事It happened that…碰巧 23.take place发生,指事情有计划有安排地发生 24.by the side of the road 在路边 25.walk by 走过经过 25.ma ke one’s way to +地点… 在某人去……的路上(地点副词时to省略) by the way顺便说一下lose one’s way迷路on the/one’s way在去...的路上 26.remember to do sth记得去做某事(此事未做) remember doing sth记得做过某事(此事已做完) 27.be/get killed 被杀害

选修八unit1知识点说课讲解

选修八u n i t1知识点

选修八 Unit 1 A land of diversity 单元要点预览(旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点) Ⅰ.词语辨析(旨在提供完形填空所需材料)

Ⅱ.词性变化(旨在提供语法填空所需材料)

Ⅲ.重点词汇(旨在提供词汇综合运用所需材料) 1.majority n.大多数;大半 major adj.&n.较大的,主要的;主修,专攻 (反义词minority少数;少数民族) [典例] 1). A / The majority of doctors agree that smoking is extremely harmful to health. 大多数医生认为吸烟对健康极为有害。 2). The majority was/were in favour of the proposal. 多数人赞成这个建议。 [重点用法] be in the/a majority 构成大部分/大多数 a majority over sb 超过对方的票数2. applicant n.申请人 application n.申请(书);应用;用途 apply v. 申请;运用,适用 [典例] 1). We had 250 applicants for the job. 有250人申请这份工作。 2). As the wages were low, there were few applicants for the job. 因为工资低, 没有 什麽人申请这份工作。 [重点用法] apply for... 申请…… apply to... 适用…… fill in the application form for sth. 填写……申请表 [练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。 1). Successful _________ (apply) will receive notification within the week. 2). This rule can’ t be applied ________ (介词) every case.

2019新版人教版八年级英语下册各单元知识点汇总

2019新版八年级英语下册第1-----第10单元知识点总结 Unit 1 What’s the matter? 一、基础知识 1. What’ s the matter? 怎么啦?出什么事情了? 【解析】matter/ ' m?t?(r)) /n.问题;事情 What’ s the matter with you?= What’s the trouble with you? = What’ s wrong with you? 你怎么了?【注】:matter 和trouble 为名词,其前可加the 或形容词性物主代词,wrong 是adj. 不能加the 【用法】用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题其后跟询问对象时,与介词with连用。即:What’s the matter with sb.? = What’s your trouble? = What’s up? = What happens to sb.?—What’s the matter with you ?— I have a bad cold. 2. I had a cold.我感冒了。have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu感冒 have a fever 发烧have a cough咳嗽have a stomachache胃疼,肚子疼have a toothache牙疼have a headache头疼 3. 身体部位+ache(疼痛)构成新的复合词 stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache tooth+ache=toothache back+ache=backache后背痛 4. much too+ 形容词,意为太...... ,too much+名词,意为很多,大量。 5. enough【形容、副词】足够的/地,enough放在名前后,形副后。good enough足够好,enough money=much money 6. lie down躺下,lie 躺,躺着,过去式lay;lie说谎,过去式lied 7. maybe “或许”,常用于句首,表示可能性,后加句子。Maybe you are right. may be,是情态动词+be的结构,意为“可能,也许”,后加名词、代词或形容词。He may be angry. sound like+名词代词和从句:It sounds like you don’t know the truth. It sounds like a good idea. sound+形容词,“听起来,好像”,The music sounds nice. 9. need 需要,实义动词need+名词,需要某物; need to do sth.需要做某事,主语通常是人,表示人主动的动作:You need to listen carefully during class. need doing sth.主语通常是物,表示被动的动作:Your dirty clothes need washing. 10. get off (the bus) 下(公交车)get on 上车 11. agree 同意,赞同; agree with sth. 同意某事如:I agree with that idea. agree to sb. 同意某人的意见如:I agree to LiLei. 12. trouble问题,麻烦;be in trouble遇到麻烦,make trouble 制造麻烦,have trouble (in) doing sth. =have difficulties (in) doing sth做......有麻烦。 13. right away=right now=at once,意为马上。 14. advice [不可数名词]劝告,建议,向…征求意见,give sb. advice on sth.就某事给某人建议;advise [动词] advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 advise sb. doing sth. 【复习】exercise 练习、锻炼 当exercise意为“练习”时,为可数名词即可加s 当exercise意为“锻炼”时,为不可数名词即不加s 16. hurt 及物动词,使……疼痛,……受伤,He hurt his leg while exercising. 不及物动词,……(部位)疼。His leg hurt badly. clean 【动词】打扫,clean the classroom打扫教室,【形容词】干净的,cleaner意为清洁工。

八年级下册英语语法知识点

1、Smell的用法smell作系动词后面跟形容词作表语例子:The milk in the a bit sour.瓶里的牛奶闻起来有点酸 2、What引导感叹句句型:what[a/an]+形容词+名词/名词性短语+主语+谓语 3、you like....?Would like意为想要可以直接跟宾语Would you like....?意为:你想要.....吗?回答为yes.../no... 例子:Would you like some noodles? 4、Try的用法作名词意为:努力,尝试。常用短语have a try:试试看try还可以做动词意为:尝试,努力。常用结构:try doing sth(尽力去做某事)/try to do sth(尝试去做某事) 5、Hear from sb的用法意为:收到某人的来信相当于get/receive a letter form sb. 注意:hear from的宾语是人,而get与receive的宾语是事物 6、Can’t wait to do sth.的用法Can’t wait to do sth意为:迫不及待做某事列子:Summer holiday is coming.Children can’t wait to go back home. 暑假快到了,孩子们都迫不及待地回家了。 7、With 具有;带有(1)with作介词,意为:具有;带有列子:I dream of a big house with a nice garden 我梦想拥有一个带花园的大房子(2)with+宾语+宾语补足语表示方式或伴随情况。宾语补足语由形容词、分词或介词短语来充当。列子:He left the room with the door open 他没关门就离开了房间。 8、Spend的用法(1) spend time /money on sth.在……上花费时间(金钱). 例子:I spent two hours on this maths problem.这道数学题花了我两个小时.(2) spend time /money (in) doing sth.花费时间(金钱)做某事. 例子:They spent two years (in) building this bridge.造这座桥花了他们两年时间.(3)spend money for sth.花钱买…….(某物) 例子:His money was spent for books.他的钱用来买书了. 9、Be proud of..... 意为为...而感到骄傲无论什么情况都不用主格,因为是做介词of 的宾语,只能用宾格。如果主语和of后的词指代的是同一个人,就可以用反身代词,如:I'm proud of myself. You are proud of yourself. He is proud of himself. 如果主语和of 后的词指代的不是同一个人,不可用反身代词。如:I'm proud of you. You are proud of him. 感官系动词感官系动词主要有feel look smell sound taste。作为系动词这些词本身含有词义,但不能单独作为谓语,后面必须跟形容词构成表系结构,说明主语的状况、性质、特征等 10、What do/does sb.look like的用法What do/does sb.look like? 某人长什么样? 常用来形容外貌拓展:what is/are sb. Like?的用法what is/are sb. Like?意为某人怎么样?常用来形容性格 11、Close的用法close意为靠近;接近(1)close可作为副词列子:We sat close together.我们紧挨着坐在一起(2)close作形容词表示空间、时间上的接近相当于never。句型;be close to 意为:离....很近(3)close可作为动词意为:关闭反义词:open 12、While的用法while意为:当....的时候(1)while作连词引导时间状语从句,强调句中的动作与主句中的动作同时发生,但持续时间较长或主句的动作在从句的动作过程中发生。(2)while还可以用来表示对比,连接两个并列句子,对比某两件事物。 13、When的用法when引导的时间状语从句when意为:当(在)......的时候既可以连接一个时间点,又可以连接一个时间段。When引导的从句中的谓语多用终止性(瞬间)动词,主从句的动作可以同时发生也可以有先后顺序发生。列子:When I got back, I found my mother cooking for me. 当我回家时,我发现妈妈正在为我做饭。

高中英语必修1—选修8所有知识点总结

必修1 Unit 1 Friendship 语法点直接引语与间接引语Ⅰ(陈述和疑问语序) 考点1. 辨别宾语从句 2. 宾语从句连接词选用。 3. 宾语从句用陈述语序。 存在的问题1.分不清主句和宾语从句。 2. 不能根据句意选择正确连接词。 3. 疑问语序和陈述语序的辨别。 Unit 2 English around the world 语法点进行时用法总结 考点1. 进行时表正在进行的动作或存在的状态 2. 进行时表将来 存在的问题1. 进行时的正确结构不明确。 2. 进行表将来和将来表将来的异同点不明确。 Unit 3 Travel journal 语法点进行时用法总结 考点1. 进行时表正在进行的动作或存在的状态 2. 进行时表将来 存在的问题1. 进行时的正确结构不明确。 2. 进行表将来和将来表将来的异同点不明确。 Unit 4 Earthquakes 语法点定语从句Ⅰ(关系代词)

考点1. 定语从句辨别。 2. 定语从句中先行词的辨别。 3. 定语从句中选用关系代词。 存在的问题1. 主从复合句中分不清主句和定语从句。 2. 找不出定语从句的先行词 3. 分辨不清先行词在定语从句中担当句子成分Unit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern hero 语法点定语从句Ⅱ(关系副词) 考点1. 定语从句辨别。 2. 定语从句中先行词的辨别。 3. 定语从句中选用关系副词。 存在的问题1. 找不出定语从句的先行词 2. 分辨不清先行词在定语从句中担当句子成分 必修2 Unit1 Cultural relics 语法点限制定从和非限定从 考点1. 辨别定从和非限定从 2. that 不能用于非限定从 3. as与which 引导非限定从的区别 存在的问题1. 关系代词和关系副词的选择 2. 分不清关系副词也能引导非限定从 Unit 2 The Olympic Games 语法点一般将来时的被动语态

八年级下英语知识点

八年级下英语知识点 Unit 1 What’s the matter? 一、重点短语 1. have a fever 发烧 2. have a cough 咳嗽 3. have a toothache 牙疼 4. talk too much 说得太多 5. drink enough water 喝足够的水 6. have a cold 受凉;感冒 7. have a stomachache 胃疼 8. have a sore back 背疼 9. have a sore throat 喉咙痛 10. lie down and rest 躺下来休息 11. hot tea w ith honey 加蜂蜜的热茶 12. see a dentist 看牙医 13. get an X-ray 拍X 光片 14. take one’s temperature 量体温 15. put some medicine on sth. 在……上面敷药 16. feel very hot 感到很热 17. sound like 听起来像 18. all weekend 整个周末 19. in the same way ?以同样的方式 20. go to a doctor 看医生 21. go along 沿着……走 22. on the side of the road 在马路边 23. shout for help 大声呼救 24. without th inking twice 没有多想 25. get off 下车 26. have a heart problem 有心脏病 27. to one’s surprise 使....... [京讶的 28. thanks to 多亏了;由于 29. in time 及时 30. save a life 挽救生命 31. get into trouble 造成麻烦 32. right away 立刻;马上 33. because of 由于 34. get out of 离开;从……出萍 35. hurt oneself 受伤 36. put a bandage on sth. 用绷带包扎 37. fa ll down 摔倒 38. feel sick 感到恶心 39. have a nosebleed 流鼻血 40. cut his knee 割伤他的膝盖 41. put her head back 把她的头向后仰

八年级下册英语知识点

初二(下)英语知识点总结 I.重点短语 1. on time 2. out of 3. all by oneself 4. lots of 5. no longer 6. get back 7. sooner or later 8. run away 9. eat up 10. take care of 11. turn off 12. turn on 13. after a while 14. make faces 15. teach oneself 16. fall off 17. play the piano 18. knock at 19. to one's surprise 20. look up 21. enjoy oneself 22. help yourself 23. tell a story / stories 24. leave....behind …… 25. come along 26. hold a sports meeting 27. be neck and neck 28. as ... as 29. not so / as ... as 30. do one's best 31. take part in 32. a moment late 33. Bad luck! 34. fall behind 35. high jump 36. long jump 37. relay race 38. well done! 39. take off

40. as usual 41. a pair of 42. at once 43. hurry off 44. come to oneself 45. after a while 46. knock on 47. take care of 48. at the moment 49. set off 50. here and there 51. on watch 52. look out 53. take one’s place II. 重要句型 1. We’d better not do sth. 2. leave one. oneself 3. find one’s way to a place 4. stand on one’s head 5. make sb. Happy 6. catch up with sb. 7. pass on sth. to somebody 8. spend time doing sth. 9. go on doing sth. 10. get on well with sb. 11. be angry with sb. 12. be fed up with sth. 13. not…until… 14. make room for sb. III. 交际用语 1. We’re all by ourselves. 2. I fell a little afraid. 3. Don’t be afraid. 4. Help! 5. Can’t you hear anything? 6. I can’t hear anything / anybody there. 7. Maybe it’s a tiger. 8. Let’s get it back before they eat the food. 9. Did she learn all by herself? 10. Could she swim when she was …years old? 11. She didn’t hurt herself. 12. He couldn’t buy himself many nice things. 13. Did he enjoy himself? 14. Help yourselves.

初二英语知识点归纳八年级英语知识点汇总

初二英语知识点归纳八年级英语知识点汇总 升入初二,英语越来越难了,想要学好英语,就要常对所学过的英语知识点进行归纳,下面就来给大家分享初二英语知识点归纳,希望对大家有所帮助。 (一) 一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years 等。 be going to do (动词原形)结构:表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如:It is going to rain. will do 结构表示将来的用法: 1. 表示预见 Do you think it will rain?

You will feel better after a good rest. 2. 表示意图 I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow. What will she do tomorrow? 基本构成如下: 一般疑问句构成: (1)will+主语+do…? Will Sarah e to visit me next Sunday? (2)there be 结构的一般疑问句:Will there + be …? Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won't 否定句构成:will + not (won't)+do

Sarah won't e to visit me next Sunday. 特殊疑问句构成: 特殊疑问词+will+主语+…?What will Sarah do next Sunday? (二) should的用法: should用来提出建议和忠告,后边加动词原形,否定句直接在should后边加not. 例如:I think you should eat less junk food. 我认为你应该少吃垃圾食品。 She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lot. 她经常开车,很少走路。所以我认为她应该多走路。

选修八 Unit2 知识点(学生版)1

选修八Unit2 知识点 Ⅰ单词 1.differ :vi 不同,相异;意见不合 differ from : 与…不同 differ in : 在…方面不同 differ with sb on/about sth :与某人在某事上意见不同 be different from :不同于 be different in : 在…不同 make a/no difference (to): 有/无关系(影响、作用) ①中文与英文在许多方面不同。 Chinese English many different aspects. ②The husband differs his wife who is to take charge of the money. ③﹙与我无关﹚ whether you are going to stay. 2.undertake :v 从事,承担,负责,保证(undertook,undertaken) Undertake a task/responsibility :承担任务/责任 Undertake to do sth : 承诺/答应/着手做某事 Undertake that : 保证… ① She ﹙将负责组织工作﹚of the whole project. ② I ﹙保证一周内还钱﹚ ③ The travel agent ﹙保证你会喜欢这次旅行﹚. 3 object :vi 反对;不赞成,抗议 N 物体,目标,对象 Objection :n 不赞成,反对,异议 Objective :adj 客观的;基于事实的 Object to sb/sth :反对,抗议… Object that :抗议… Have an/no objection to (doing) sth : (不)反对… Raise a storm of objections :引起一阵强烈的反对 There is no objection to sth :没设么不可以的 ①犀利哥是同情的对象。 Brother sharp . ②母亲反对说,吉米身体太虚弱,不能承担那份工作. Mother objected . ③我们反对因为一个人的错误而惩罚整体. We for one person's fault. ④他反对我提出的建议。 He . 4 obtain : v. 获得;赢得 ①他没有获得奖学金. He failed to . obtain/acquire/gain/earn/achieve/get ①我终于设法弄到了这个报告的副本 I finally managed to a copy of the report. ②我们应该努力养成好习惯。 We should try to good habits. ③他发现赚点额外收入很容易。 He found it easy to extra money ④然而,只有共同奋斗才能实现目标 But we can only together ⑤上星期天你收到我的电报了吗 ? Did you my telegram last Sunday ? 5.altogether : adv ①完全地 (用于否定句中表部分否定) 他对自己的新房子不尽满意。 He his new house . ②全部,合计 (in total) I spent £ 100 on the present. ③总之 ,the meeting was a success. 6 .Owe : vt 欠(账,钱,人情等);把…归功于 Owing :adj 未付的,欠的 Owe sb sth =owe sth to sb欠某人某物 Owe …to …欠…;把…归功于 Owing to…因为,由于 ①你欠我一个礼物。You owe me a present. ②体育课因雨取消了。 , PE class was cancelled . ③Jack (认为他的成功更多是靠 运气而不是靠能力) 7 bother vt. 烦扰;打扰; vi.操心;麻烦; n.麻烦,麻烦的事;引起麻烦的人或事 bother sb. with/about sth. 为某事打扰或烦扰某人 bother to do ... 费力做…… bother with/about sth. 操心做某事 It bothers sb that/ to do sth 做某事使某人不安 ①我不能因为自己那点小事就去打扰他 I can't my little affairs. ②你不必特地来我办公室. You needn't to my office。 ③那问题已经困扰了我几个星期. The problem me for weeks ④别为我担心 ⑤我毫不费力地找到了那座房子. I found the house . 8 strike : v 打,击;突然想到;罢工;(钟)敲/鸣;划(火柴); (灾难,疾病)侵袭,爆发; It strikes sb …某人突然想到…(sth strikes sb) Be/go on strike :罢工 Strike …into one's heart :使…刻骨铭心 ①当我路过的时候,钟敲12点。 When I was passing by, I . ②我突然想起我没关煤气。 . ③趁热打铁。 . ④非典袭击了那个地区。 9 resist v.抵抗;对抗resistance n. 抵抗,反抗;抵抗力 resistant adj. 抵抗的,有抵抗力的 resist sth. 抵制;阻挡某事 resist doing sth. 反对做某事 can't resist doing sth. 忍不住做某事 be resistant to sb./sth. 对某人/某事有抵抗力 ①健康的身体能抵御疾病 A healthy body ②我忍不住要笑 ③这种作物具有抗寒性. This plant cold weather Ⅱ词组 1.Pay off :偿清债款;得到好结果;付清工资解雇 ①最后,他的努力得到了回报 At last, . ②你的计划成功了吗? pay for :为…付款;为…付出代价 Pay back :还钱;报复

最新外研版英语八年级下册知识点总结

最新外研版英语八年级下册知识点总结 Module 1 Feelings and impressions Unit 1 1. What a delicious smell? Smell:一股气味(可数名词) _____ good advice! It’s so helpful to us. (what / How) _____ interesting the story is! (What / How) 2. nice:adj. 美味的,友好的,令人愉快的 nice weather: 好天气 be nice to sb.:对某人友好 a nice trip: 一次令人愉快的旅行 The cookie tastes nice. 这块饼干尝起来美味。 3. would like 比want 语气更委婉。 ----Would you like to stay here with us? ---- Yes, I’d like / love to. 4. lovely: 令人愉快的,可爱的修饰人或物 a lovely afternoon / girl lively: 活泼的,生动的 a lively lesson:一堂生动的课 5. I’m afraid that + 从句: 恐怕(表示歉意或让对方失望的情况) I’m afraid that I can’t come to your party tomorrow. 6. 1) a bit = a little:有点儿,有点后接/形容词/副词\形容词/副词的比较级 I feel a bit thirsty now. After the rain, people feel a bit / a little cooler. 2) a little + 不可数名词: There is a little time left. a bit of + 不可数名词: There is a bit of water in the bottle. 7. have a try: 试一试 have a / an + 名词 have a swim:游泳 have a break:休息 have a shower:洗沐浴 8. I have a sweet tooth. 我喜欢吃甜食。 9. be done: 做好了,完成了done: adj. 做好了的,完成了 10. be sure + 从句:Are you sure what you said? Be sure of / about sth.: 对……确信 I’m sure of / about the telephone number. be sure (not) to do. Sth.: 确保/ 务必(不)做某事 Be sure not to miss the early bus. 11. lucky day:幸运日 You’re a lucky boy. 你是一个幸运儿。 Good luck to you. 祝你好运。Unit 2 1. thanks for = thank you for: 因……而感谢你 Thank you for your help. Thank you for sending me photos. 2. message: 口信、信息(可数名词) take a message:捎个口信 leave a message:留信 Information: 信息(不可数名词) a piece of information , some information 3. hear from sb. = get / receive a letter from sb. : 收到某人的来信 I heard from my uncle last week. = I got / received a letter from my uncle last week. 4. can’t wait to do sth. : 等不及/ 迫不及待做某事 I can’t wait to open the present. 5. quite: 1) quite a / an + 形容词+ 名词 quite a nice boy:一个相当好的男孩。 2) quite 修饰动词时放在动词前 He quite likes maths. 他很喜欢数学。 very: 1) a very + 形容词+ 名词a very nice boy 2) very 与much合在一起修饰动词时,位于句末。 He likes English very much. 6. sound like: 听起来(像) The music sounds very beautiful. 7. 1) sb. spend some time/money (in) doing sth.:某人花费时间/钱做某事 Don’t spend too much time (in) playing computer games. 2) sb. spend some time / money on sth. :某人花时间/ 钱在某事/某物上 I spent ten yuan on this book. Many people spned their free time on their hobbies. 8. be proud of sb. / sth. : 以某人/ 某事为自豪 Parents are proud of their children. We’re proud of our country. 9. be good at sth. / doing sth. = do well in sth. / doing sth. 擅长某事/ 做某事 I’m good at English / swimming. = I do well in English / swimming. 10. How do you feel about…? = What do you think of …? = How do you like…? How do you feel about the film? = What do you think of the film? 11. in: 在多久之后,常用于将来时,对其提问用how soon

相关文档
最新文档