高中英语定语从句精品课件

定语从句的辨认（思考步骤）
找出先行词
a.确定在从句中关系代词的人称、数和性。 b.确定定语从句的位置
确定关系代词在从句中的成分以确定关系代词的格
确定从句的时态 （定语从句的时态都不受主句的限制）
关系代词的使用方法
定语从句常用的关系代词有：that 、who(m)、whose、which等。 1. that多指物，在从句中作主语或作动词的宾语。（that/which作宾语时可
This is the hero of whom we are proud . This is the hero(that) we are proud of . 2)She is the girl whom I went with there. She is the girl with whom I went there. She is the girl that I went with there. She is the girl 省略 I went with there. 注意:
代替 sister
I have a sister who/that works in Shanghai.
普通代词：只起代替的作用（如上例she)
关系代词： （如上例who/which）
1. 除了代替先行词外，
2.它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分， 3. 同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。 （把主句和从句连起来）
说明如下 The building is our school.+The building stands by the
river.= The building which/that stands by the river is our school.
先行词
关系词
从句
which、that 是关系代词，它在从句中代替先行词the building,
mother.
(主句) The woman is my mother
{主语是单数}
(从句) The woman is speaking at the meeting.
The women that/who are speaking at the meeting
are
famous scientists. (主句)The women are famous scientists.
2) He knew the teacher who we met yesterday. He knew the teacher whom we met yesterday. He knew the teacher (that) we met yesterday. 4.whose 是代词的所有格形式, 它既可以代人也可以代物。 I saw a woman . Her bag was stolen . I saw a woman whose bag was stolen. Please show me the book . Its cover is red.
例： The girl who is behind the tree is Kate.
The man who was driving too fast was a drunk.
先行词和关系词
先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 先行词、关系词/引导词 {对等
(1) 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定 代词或被不定代词修饰时。 I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.
I’ve read all the books that are not mine.
3. who 指人(既它的先行词必须是人),在 从句中作主语或宾语。但whom 是宾格, 只能作宾语。(that有时也指人.代替 who,whom,可作主语或宾语)
1)The girls who weren’t badly hurt in the accident are my classmates. The girls that weren’t badly hurt in the accident are my classmates.
省.）
1) A plane is a machine that can fly.
A plane is a machine which can fly.
2) Who was hurt in the accident that happened yesterday? Who was hurt in the accident which happened yesterday? 3)Have you found the bike that you lost? Have you found the bike which you lost?
The room where I live is very big.
4).I want to find the pen (that) I wrote the letter with.
I want to find the pen (which) I wrote the letter with.
I want to find the pen with which I wrote the letter. Here are the picture-books that the children are looking for . Here are the picture-books which the children are looking for. Here are the picture-books the children are looking for.
Please show me the book whose cover is red.
I’ll call a person. His father knows you. . I’ll call a person whose father knows you I can’t find the house .My friend lives in it.
先行词 人
主格 who,that
宾格 who(m),that
物
which,that which,that
所有格 whose ,of whom whose,of which
注意
定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。
. The woman who/that spoke at the meeting yesterday is my mother. (主句)The woman is my mother.(叙述客观事实用一般现在时) (从句)The woman(who/that) spoke at the meeting yesterday. (句中yesterday表示过去时间)
Have you found the bike 省略 you lost?
2. which 指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。作主语不 可省略;作宾语可以省略。 ( which 与that 指物时可以互相代替，that 更常 见。） 1) His father works in a factory that /which makes TV sets. 2)The film that/ which we saw last night was very wonderful. The film 省略 we saw last night was very wonderful.
that 不能引导非限制性定语从句 that不能置于介词之后（介词后指物用 which,指人用whom）
定语从句中需注意事项
有些情况下只用关系词that,而不宜用which
1.从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时,只能用that
引导从句.
This is the most interesting story( that )I have ever heard. The first meeting( that) we will take part in will be held in the
固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提前.例如:look after,look at …
3 )The room (that) I live in is very big.
The room (which) I live in is very big. The room in which I live is very big.
(2)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。 This is the first book (that) he has read. (3)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。 This is the very book that belongs to him. (4)先行词同时含有人和物时。 We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited there.
I can’t find the house whose friend lives in it
关系代词与介词
介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只能用which代物, 和whom代人。(介词在末尾时,关系词可以省略)
1)This is the hero( whom) we are proud of.
定语从句的翻译：不管引导词
是哪一个，都翻译为“……的”。
e.g. This is the car which he bought last year.
这是（他去年买的）那张车。
The boy whose hometown is Guangdong is Yi Jianlian.
那个（家乡是广东的）男生是易建联。
}
代替
bike
That is the bike which my father bought for me.
先行词＝关系词
关系词的作用：既引导定语从句，又在定 语从句中充当某种成分。
关系代词如何引导定语从句
普通代词与关系代词的区别 I have a sister.She works in Shanghai.
Grammar
Attributive clause (限制性定语从句)
定语从句
先行词和关系词
关系代词如何引导定语从句
关系代词的使用方法
定语从句中需注意事项
Fra Baidu bibliotek附加部分
习题
定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、 不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。(以分词、介词 短语为例） 例： The girl behind the tree is Kate. The man driving too fast was a drunk. 定语从句 在英语中，修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。
{主语是复数}
(从句 )The 关系词判 断步 骤 :women are speaking at the meeting. 首先，要辨别出先行词。 如果先行词是指人,关系词可能就用
who,that,whom,whose。如果先行词指物,关系词可能用which或that
然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表
关系代词
在从句中 的作用： 修饰功能 主语 修饰人 修饰物 修饰人或物
who
whom(口语中可 用who，可省)
which
which(可省) whose(可省)
that
that(可省)
宾语
定语
whose
Attention
that和which在指物的情况下一 般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用 that而不用which。
同时担任从句中的主语，也起连词的作用，把两个简单句连接 起来。
关系代词的使用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密切，因为关系代词在
定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后， 而且它的 人称、数必须和先行词一致。
The woman that/who is speaking at the meeting is my