托福写作笔记

托福写作笔记

一. 开头结尾常用句型

［多写连接词先写三个分论点，然后再展开别边想边写］

［描述背景句型］1. Recently, … has become the focus of the society.

2. ….has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.

3. Nowadays there is a growing concern for…

4. Nowadays it is common to hear/ see…

5….has become a common occurrence in our daily life.

6. Nowadays more and more people are beginning to be aware of the seriousness of.

7. It is only during the last/ past few years that people have become generally aware that…

8. There is an old/ popular saying/ proverb which says/ goes…

9. In recent years, there is a general tendency…

10. Nowadays… has become a problem we have to face.

[主旨句型］1.支持反对：1) I agree with…/ that

2)I disagree with…/that…

3)I am in favour of the idea of v-ing/ the idea that…

4) I do not hold with v-ing/ the idea that…

5) I go along with…

2. 观点陈述： 1) In my opinion/ in my view…

2) I firmly believe that…

3) It is evident that…

4) There is no doubt/ question that…

5) Personally, I think that…

6) I contend(主张） that …

7) As far as I am concerned/ From my point of view,…

8) No one can deny that

[结尾］1.From what has been discussed/ mentioned above, we may conclude that…

2.Therefore, it is not difficult to draw / come to the conclusion that…

3.From all the reasons/ consideration above, it is evident/ clear/ obvious that…

4.Taking into account all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that…

5.Give the reasons/ consideration I have just outlined / discussed / presented, I strongly recommend that…

6. It is clear, therefore, that…

7. All in all, what really matters is, in fact, that…

8. From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that…

二. 主体段展开[Topic sentence+Explanation+ Example(一个例子展开的多，多个例子叙述少 + Concluding sentence]

［段内逻辑］

1. Cause and Effect

1)因为+从句 : because （语气最强，表示必然的英国关系）

since （表示无需加以说明的原因或事实的陈述）

as （原因预期较弱，常指一般的因果关系）As it is raining, you’d better take a taxi.

for （推测的理由）I must go now, for my sister is waiting for me.

for the reason that （Riding is my favourite for the reason that it doesn’t lead to air pollution )

2)因为＋名词／动名词：because of

due to/ owing to (A part of the energy is wasted in machines due to friction) on account of (We delayed our departure on account of the bad weather)

tanks to (Tanks to your help, we were successful) 多亏

as a result of (As a result of the flood, thousands of people lost their homes)

因此：therefore, thus , hence, accordingly

3)结果： as a result, in consequence, consequently

导致: cause(vt. cause sth.. usually sth. bad, +n/ing)

lead to (usually unpleasant, +n,/ing)

result in (+n./ing)

bring about (+n./ing)

give rise to (+n./ing)

A 导致 B(导致坏的事情）: A be responsible for B

A be to blame for

B (be to sth 表被动）

4)目的: to , in order to/ so as to, in order that, with the purpose of, thereby

5)证明因果关系： A depends / relies on B

A is determined by B

A is highly related to B

A is connected to B

6)反驳因果关系： A has nothing to do with B

A has little / no effect on B

There is no relation between A and B

2.并列

First/Second/Third

In the first place

To start/begin with

Also…/ As well

For one thing… For another..

On the one hand…/ On the other hand…

Lastly/ finally

3.递进

The primary reason/principal factor/main concern is …

Moreover/ what’s more/ Furthermore

Apart from/ Aside from / Besides

In addition/ Additionally

Plus

4.比较与对比

While

Whereas

By/in contrast

On the contrary

Rather than