虚拟语气高考真题

MODULE 5 第三课时虚拟语气讲解

一、语气的分类

语气(mood)是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。英语中的语气有三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。

(1) 陈述语气(indicative mood),表示所说的话是事实。

(2) 祈使语气(imperative mood),表示所说的话是请求或命令。

(3) 虚拟语气(subjunctive mood),表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生

的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。

二、虚拟语气在条件句中的应用

学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类：条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。

真实条件句所表示的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的从句与主句都用陈述语气。

例如：If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic.

虚拟条件句所表示的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的从句与主句皆须用虚拟语气。

1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句的例句：

(1) If I had HIV, I would know because I would feel sick.

(2) If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug.

2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句的例句：

(3) If I had taken your advice, I wouldn’t have made a mistake.

(4) If he had been there, it wouldn’t have happened.

3. 与将来事实可能相反的虚拟条件句的例句：

(5) If it should rain tomorrow, they wouldn’t go for an outing.

(6) I think we could do it, if we planned it properly and could borrow the

tools.

(7) If we were to have three days off, we would enjoy a very happy life.

三、if 虚拟条件句型注意点：

(1) 错综时间条件句

当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句所表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，称为“错综时间条件句”，主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。 If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better.

If you had followed the teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t be in trouble.

如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were ，had 和should 时，可省略if ，这是应把were ，had 和should 放到从句主语前面去进行倒装。

① If I were you, I would give it up.

② If it were not for your advice, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties.

couldn’t have got over the difficulties.

④ If there should be a flood, what should we do?

1. Wish 的 宾语从句

(1) I wish I were a bird.（现在）

(2) I wish I hadn’t made such a mistake.（过去）

(3) We wish our parents wouldn’t punish us. （将来）

2. Would rather +Clause (1) I would rather you paid me now.

(2) I would rather you had gone, too.

(3) Don’t come. I would rather you came tomorrow.

3. as if /though + Clause (1) She loves the baby as if it were her own son.

现在：过去时（were ）

过去：过去完成时

将来：过去将来时，即：would /could /might + V . 现在：过去时

过去：过去完成时

将来：过去时

现在：过去时

过去：过去完成时

将来：过去将来时

(2) I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.

(3) He learns English so hard as if he would go to the U.S.A.

◆ 注意：如果表示的事情可能会发生或是事实，那么方式状语从句中的谓

语动词可用陈述语气。例如：

It looks as if it is going to rain.

4. It’s (about/high) time +that

It’s high time that you went. It’s high time that you should go.

It’s time that we went to bed. It’s time that we should go to bed.

5. 表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气

常见动词： 一个坚持，两个命令，四个建议，四个要求。即:

①insist ②order, command ③advise, suggest, propose,recommend

④demand , require, request, desire

◆ 这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词要使用should + 动词原形，或者将should 省略。

(1) We suggested that Tom have a rest.

(2) He insisted that I (should)be present.

(3) The king ordered that the prisoners be killed the next day.

(4) They requested that we (should) send them to work there.

【注意】若suggest 作“表明，暗示”将时不用虚拟语气；insist 表示“坚持认

为”讲，也不用虚拟语气。例如：

(1) His expression suggested he was angry.

(2) He insisted that he had nothing to do with it.

◆ 以上动词相应的名词order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request 构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气。即从句中的动词要使用(should )+ 动词原形。

6. 用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词有：with 、without 和but for 。 (1) What would you do with a million dollars? (= if you had a million dollars )

(2) But for your help , I wouldn’t have finished the work.(= if I hadn ’t got your

help) (3) Without your help, I would have failed.(=if it had not been for your help)

7. 含蓄条件句

有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if 引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句。如：

过去时 should +V. (2) 我们该去睡了 (1) 你该走了