新标准大学英语第三册 Language in use-unit5

Language in use

word formation: pro- and anti-

1 Look at the sentence from the passage Dinner at Joanne’s and answer the questions.

She was pro-abortion, anti-corruption, pro-low carbon emissions and anti-capital punishment, as fine a

progressive liberal as you could find this side of the Atlantic.

1 If she was pro-abortion, was she in favour of or against the possibility of having an abortion? She was in favour of the possibility of having an abortion.

2 If she was anti-capital punishment, was she in favour of or against the death penalty?

She was against the death penalty.

3 How are the words formed?

These words are formed using the prefixes pro- and anti-.

4 What information do they give about people’s characters?

They indicate a person’s political ideas.

(a) against racism

An anti-racist: a person who is against racism, ie against the belief that people of their own race are better than those of other races, and against the unfair and violent treatment to people from other

races.

(b) in favour of devolution

A pro-devolutionist: a person who is in favour of devolution of power, finance, decision-making on

education, health etc to regional or local administrative bodies, rather than keeping such power and

control centrally with the government.

(c) against intervention

An anti-interventionist: a person who is against intervention by the central government in business,

education, health etc especially for regional or local matters.

(d) against protecting the environment

An anti-environmentalist: a person who is against environmentalism, ie who is against those who think

we need special action to protect the environment.

(e) in favour of a market economy

A pro-market economist: a person who is in favour of letting market forces have their own process with minimal government intervention or control.

(f) in favour of the government

A pro-governmentalist: a person who is in favour of the government policies and actions.

not just to …but to …

2 Rewrite the sentences using not just to …but to …

1 I needed to see him for two reasons. I wanted to tell him about the new contract, and I also wanted to check whether he was still interested in working with us.

I needed to see him not just to tell him about the new contract, but to check whether he was still interested in working with us.

2 People went to Joanne’s for two reasons. They went because they were curious to see who their fellow diners were, but also to be seen themselves.

People went to Joanne’s not just to see who their fellow diners were, but to be seen themselv es.

3 Matthew decided to climb Mount Kilimanjaro for two reasons. Firstly, it was a personal challenge, and

secondly, he wanted to raise money for a children’s charity.

Matthew decided to climb Mount Kilimanjaro not just to face this personal challenge, but to raise money for a children’s charity.

4 I agreed to go to Egypt for two reasons. I wanted to see an old friend, and I also needed a break from the

northern winter.

I agreed to go to Egypt not just to see an old friend, but to take a needed break from the northern winter.

5 Florence left home for two reasons. She couldn’t find a job in the area where she lived, and she was

beginning to find family life oppressive.

Florence left home not just to find a job in this area, but to escape from her family life which she found

oppressive.

prep. + which / whom

3 Complete the sentences with an appropriate prep. + which / whom.

1 It’s not always easy to identify the group to which someone belongs.

2 The global community, of which we are all part, is changing very rapidly.

3 The friends with whom I grew up all left home years ago.

4 The standards by which we are judged today seem to have little to do with traditional values.

5 The society in which I grew up was rather different in those days.

6 My parents, to whom I owe so much, came from a very poor background.

unpacking complex sentences

4 Look at the sentences from the passage Dinner at Joanne’s and answer the questions.

1 Did Joanne’s have a reputation for good food?

No, in fact, the food was often maligned.

2 How did Josh know it?

He knew it by reputation, ie he had heard or read good comments about it.

3 What was special for its orchestra?

The orchestra had a guest slot for a well-known movie director who played trumpet.

4 Who were the sort of guests it had a reputation for?

They were celebrities, eg politicians, diplomats, movie actors, hall-of-fame athletes, journalists, writers, rock stars, Nobel Prize winners etc.

5 Who does anyone who was anyone refer to?

It refers to anyone who is famous or who has star quality.

collocations

5 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.

1 intense When a feeling or action is intense, it is usually very strong or extreme, or it exists in large