路面冰雪除雪机设计

[摘要] 我国北方地区冬季降雪时间长，雪量大，气温低，积雪数日经车辆、行人碾压而被压实。路面上压实冰雪的清除问题关系到社会生产、人民生活、交通安全、环境保护等多个方面。目前国内外对压实冰雪的清除还缺少行之有效的办法。本文结合我国北方地区降雪后的特点及我国国情，主要针对路面上被压实的冰雪研究了路面冰雪清除机械。

本文提出了对路面压实冰雪进行挤压、切削、破碎的技术原理。根据这一原理确定了路面冰雪清除机械基本方案并分析了其工作机理。提出利用装载机为动力机，只需更换上清除冰雪装置，实现了一机多用。研究了传动系统各部件的匹配以及冰雪清除装置与整机的匹配，进行了匹配计算和整机牵引性能分析。根据整机方案及相关条件确定了清除冰雪装置中关键部件碾压滚的构造、重量和有关技术参数；分析研究了碾压滚上刀齿的结构和关键几何参数，确定了刀齿在碾压滚上的排列方式、数量和间距，并根据冰雪的物理机械性质计算了刀齿切削力。

[关键词]冰雪清除切削破碎路面

[Abstract] In the north of China, when the winter comes, the time for snowing is very long and the air temperature is low.The snow will become very hard after pressed by vehicles and foot passengers. So at this time snow cleaning became very important to people’s living, traffic safety and so on. At present, there is still no effective method for cleaning the pressed snow in the world. In this paper, according to the situation of our country, the author did some researches on the snow-cleaning machine which used to clean the pressed snow on the road surface.

In this paper, the author put forward a technical theory about use the method of pressing, cutting and cracking to clean the pressed snow. According to this theory, the author brought forward a project for snow-cleaning machine and analyzed its working principle. Here used the loader as the mover, when it was time to clean snow we just needed to replace the bucket with the snow-cleaning equipments. The matching calculation of components’of transmission system and the whole machine were studied and analyzed. According to the project, we could decide the structure, weight and related technical parameters of the idler wheel. At the same time, the paper also analyzed the structure and geometry parameters of the idler wheel, gave a method about how to arrange the cutters and how to decide the reasonable amount of the cutters, how to calculate the cutter’s cutting force base on the snow’s physical and mechanical characters.

【Key words】Snow—Cleaning Cutting Cracking Road surface

目录

第1章绪论 (1)

1.1本次设计来源、目的、意义、国内外概况 (1)

1.1.1 本次设计的来源 (1)

1.1.2 本次设计研究目的 (1)

1.1.3 本次设计研究的意义 (1)

1.1.4 有关清雪机国内外研究概况 (2)

1.2 本设计预期达到的目标 (4)

1.3 本设计研究内容、研究方法及技术路线 (5)

1.3.1 斜刃螺栓连接式厚冰雪磙压除雪机的整体方案构想 (5)

1.3.2 结构原理和计算要点 (5)

1.4 本课题实现的现有条件 (6)

1.5 研究的主要内容和方法 (6)

1.5.1冰雪切削挤压破碎技术、总体方案 (6)

1.5.2 碾压滚型式和结构 (6)

1.5.3 滚齿排列方式及刀刃几何参数 (6)

1.5.4 各主要零件的校核验算 (6)

第2章路面冰雪清除机机理研究 (8)

2.1 冰雪的物理机械性质 (8)

2.2 路面冰雪清除机基本方案、原理 (9)

2.3 整机分析及装置重量的确定 (13)

2.3.1整机的组成 (13)

2.3.2清除冰雪装置重量 (14)

第3章碾压滚结构及参数 (15)

3.1 碾压滚结构形式 (15)

3.2 碾压滚参数 (15)

3.3 工作阻力的计算 (15)

第4章齿刀的研究 (17)

4.1 齿刀在碾压滚上的排列﹑数量﹑间距 (17)

4.2 齿刀几何参数 (17)

4.3 切削力计算 (18)

第5章主要零件校核计算 (19)