云南省保山市环境质量调查及分析

农村环境质量具有重要的意义。本文的研究对象为云南省保山市隆阳区瓦窑镇阿石寨村，通过实地走访、查阅资料和采访村民，可以看出阿石寨村的环境问题主要表现在大气环境被汽车尾气、道路建设施工、垃圾焚烧和传统炉灶生火做饭产生的烟气污染，水环境被道路施工建设、乱扔的垃圾和随意排放的畜禽粪便污染，土壤环境被道路施工、畜禽粪便和乡镇企业排放的污染物污染，声环境被交通及道路施工产生的噪声污染，种植的农作物品种较单一。村民环保意识较弱及政府的重视度不强监管不力导致村子乱丢垃圾、乱排畜禽粪便、乡镇企业无污染物处理措施的现象较普遍，环境问题亟待解决。本文分析了造成环境污染的原因，得出解决方法，比如：合理使用农药化肥、利用农作物秸秆和畜禽粪便生产沼气，科学处理垃圾渗滤液，合理处理垃圾等方法改善村子的环境等。

关键词：云南省保山市；农村；环境质量；调查；分析

Abstract

Rural areas environment quality is significant. The study object of this passage is Ashizhai village, Wayao town, Longyang district, of Baoshan city in Yunnan province. Through field survey, look up information and interviews villagers can make out that environmental problems mainly in Ashizhai village of flue gas pollution of the atmospheric environment by automobile exhaust, road building construction, waste incineration and traditional stoves for cooking the water environment the road construction, litter and indiscriminate discharge of the pollution of livestock and poultry manure, soil environment by road construction, livestock manure and discharge of township enterprises pollution, sound environment by traffic and road noise pollution caused by construction, planting a single crop varieties. Villagers' awareness of environmental protection is weak and the government's attention is not strong. Poor supervision has led to littering in the village, indiscriminate disposal of livestock and poultry manure, and the phenomenon of no pollution treatment measures in township enterprises. The environmental problems need to be solved urgently.This passage analyzing the reasons of environmental pollution, the method to solve the environmental pollution, for example: rational use of pesticides and fertilizers, utilization of crop straw, livestock manure to produce methane, scientific and reasonable treatment of garbage percolate to improve the village environment.

Key words: Baoshan city of Yunnan province;Countryside;Environmental quality;Survey;Analysis

第一章引言 (1)

1.1目的及意义 (1)

1.2保山市及阿石寨村概况 (1)

1.3国内外研究现状 (2)

1.3.1国内 (2)

1.3.2国外 (2)

第二章阿石寨村的环境调查 (4)

2.1大气环境 (4)

2.1.1道路施工造成粉尘 (5)

2.1.2垃圾焚烧产生烟尘 (5)

2.1.3汽车排放的尾气造成空气污染 (6)

2.1.4传统炉灶生火产生污染 (6)

2.2水环境 (7)

2.2.1垃圾随意丢弃在溪流里 (8)

2.2.2畜禽粪便污染水源 (8)

2.2.3垃圾焚烧使水变混 (9)

2.2.4道路建设隧道施工产生的碎石使水变浑浊 (9)

2.2.5道路建设施工工地直接排放污水 (10)

2.3土壤环境 (10)

2.3.1村民随意丢弃垃圾 (11)

2.3.2畜禽养殖 (11)

2.3.3道路建设施工 (12)

2.3.4村子周围乡镇企业排放污染物 (13)

2.4噪声 (14)

2.4.1交通噪声成为主要的噪声污染 (14)

2.4.2道路施工现场噪声污染 (15)

2.4.3乡镇企业运营产生噪声 (16)

2.5固体废弃物处理情况 (17)

2.5.1生活垃圾 (17)

2.5.2畜禽养殖固废 (17)

2.5.3秸秆 (18)

2.5.4乡村企业固体废物 (18)

2.6生态环境 (19)

第三章阿石寨村环境性状分析 (20)

3.1造成环境污染的原因 (20)

3.1.1农村自身方面 (20)

3.1.2政府方面 (21)

3.2污染物防治对策 (22)

3.2.1农业的生态发展 (22)

3.2.2垃圾的资源化利用 (23)

3.2.3科学方法处理垃圾渗滤液 (24)

3.2.4加大对农民的思想教育 (25)

第四章结论 (26)