基于非光滑表面雨挡的汽车风振噪声动态计算分析与优化

第37卷第12期

振动与冲击

JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND SHOCK Vol.37 No.12 2018

基于非光滑表面雨挡的汽车风振噪声动态计算分析与优化

宗轶琦$，谷正气2’3,罗泽敏4%江财茂4%张启东2

(1.扬州大学机械工程学院，江苏扬州225127;2.湖南大学汽车车身先进设计制造国家重点实验室，长沙410082;

3.湖南文理学院，湖南常德415000;

4.广州汽车集团股份有限公司汽车工程研究院，广州516434)

摘要：汽车侧窗风振噪声与侧窗开度是密不可分的，在现有针对汽车侧窗风振噪声数值研究中，都仅限于固定 开度的仿真计算，很难准确找出最大风振噪声对应的侧窗开度。采用非结构网格弹性变形与局部重构网格相结合的动网

格技术计算简易车厢的风振噪声，仿真计算结果与传统方法计算结果吻合良好;在此基础上，运用该方法实现了实车侧窗

连续开度的风振噪声计算，通过与传统方法和实车道路试验进行对比，进一步验证了该数值计算方法的正确性;结果表明

该数值模拟方法突破了以往固定开度风振噪声研究的局限，更真实地模拟侧窗连续开启这一动态过程;通过该方法准确

找出了最大风振噪声对应的侧窗开度，并对该开度下的风振噪声特性进行了分析;在对风振噪声计算与特性分析基础上，

通过建立汽车左后侧窗非光滑表面雨挡模型，运用多岛遗传算法，对其结构参数进行了多目标优化，取得了较为理想的降

噪效果。结果表明附加上雨挡装置后，乘员舱后部漩涡明显减少，流速与流量降低，使得回流至前排座椅的涡速也同步下

降，同时雨挡装置将左后窗表面一部分层流转化成为湍流，直接影响了该区域附近的湍流能量与强度，间接降低了驾驶员

耳旁的声压级，有雨挡装置相较无雨挡装置，驾驶员耳旁监测点的噪声值从129 dB降至123.82 dB，降低约5 dB，幅度达

到4%。

关键词：动网格;雨挡;风振噪声;优化

中图分类号：U467.493 文献标志码：A DOI ：10. 13465/j. cnki. jvs. 2018.12. 037

Numerical investiijation and optimization of vehicle buffeting noise based on

unstructured dynamic mesh and non-smooth surface rain guard

ZONGYiqi1，GUZhengqi2,3，LUOZemin4，JIANGCaimao4，ZHANGQidong2

(1. College of Mechanical Engineering，Yangzhou University，Yangzhou 225127，China;

2. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacture for Vehicle Body，Human Univers

3. Hunan University of Arts and Science，Changde 415000，China；

4. Automotive Engineering Research Institute，Guangzhou Automobile Group C o.，L td.，Guangzhou 516434，China)

Abstract:Vehicle buffeting noise and opening degree of side-window are inextricable.At present，numerical study of wind buffeting noise i s limited t o the simulation of fixed opening.To find out t l i e window opening degree which i s responsible for the maximum wind buffeting noise，i t i s necessary t o study wind buffeting noise of continuous opening vehicle side-windows .The dynamic mesh technology integrating partial unstructured grids with a method and a remeshing method was applied t o simulate the cavity buffeting n oise.Simulation re prediction agrees well with the traditional prediction.This method was employed t o comp based on continuous o pening degree of side-window.The results of simulation coincide well with the results of traditional method and road t est.I t demonstrates that t h i s method has surpassed the method of fixed opening degree，which more practically simulates the buffeting n oise in the process of opening the side-window.Buffeting characteristics was analyzed under the case o f opening degree corresponding t o maximum noise.Through the establishment of non-smooth surface rain guard near the rear side window，ideal noise reduction effect was o btained by using the multi-objective genetic algorithm and optimizing structure parameters.The results show that the rain guard can reduce the number of rear vortex of passenger compartment，decrease the flow velocity of reflux vortex，and transform laminar flow around the window into turbulence，thus the energy and intensity of turbulent flow are directly affected by such rain guard structure.Sound pressure level of monitoring p oint declines from 129 dB t o 123.82 d B，the extent and rate of descent are about5 dB and

4 %，rPspPctivPly.

Key words:dynamic meshes;rain guard；buffeting noise；optimization

基金项目：中央财政支持地方高校专项资金项目-创新团队(0420036017);国家高技术研究发展计划（ 863计划）项目 (2012AA041805);长沙市科技计划重点项目（K1501011 -11);湖南 大学汽车车身先进设计与制造国家重点实验室自主课题资助项目

(734215002)

收稿日期：2016-10-11修改稿收到日期：2017 -02 -21第一作者宗轶琦男，博士，讲师，1987年生

通信作者谷正气男，博士，教授，1963年生