高分子材料工程专业英语课文翻译(曹同玉,冯连芳)主编

高分子材料工程专业英语课文翻译(曹同玉,

冯连芳)主编

高分子专业英语选讲课文翻译资料 A 高分子化学和高分子物理 UNIT 1 What are Polymer 第一单元什么是高聚物？

What are polymers For one thing, they are xxplex and giant molecules and are different from low molecular weight xxpounds like, say, xxmon salt. To contrast the difference, the molecular weight of xxmon salt is only , while that of a polymer can be as high as several hundred thousand, even more than thousand thousands. These big molecules or ‘macro-molecules’are made up of much smaller molecules, can be of one or more chemical xxpounds. To illustrate, imagine that a set of rings has the same size and is made of the same material. When these things are interlinked, the chain formed can be considered as representing a polymer from molecules of the same xxpound. Alternatively, individual rings could be of different sizes and materials, and interlinked to represent a polymer from molecules of different xxpounds.

什么是高聚物？首先，他们是合成物和大分子，而且不同于低分子化合物，譬如说普通的盐。与低分子化合物不同的是，普通盐的分子量仅仅是，而高聚物的分子量高于105，甚至大于106。这些大分子或“高分子”许多小分子组成。小分子相互结合形成大分子，大分子能够是一种或多种化合物。举例说明，想象一组大小相同并相同的材料制成的环。当这些环相互连接起来，可以把形成的链看成是具有同种分子量化合物组成的高聚物。另一方面，独特的环可以大小不同、材料不同，相连接后形成具有不同分子量化合物组成的聚合物。

This interlinking of many units has given the polymer its name, poly meaning ‘many’ and mer meaning ‘part’ (in Greek). As an example, a gaseous xxpound called butadiene, with a molecular

高分子专业英语选讲课文翻译资料

weight of 54, xxbines nearly 4000 times and gives a polymer known as polybutadiene (a synthetic rubber) with about 200 000molecular weight. The low molecular weight xxpounds from which the polymers form are known as monomers. The picture is simply as follows: 许多单元相连接给予了聚合物一个名称，poly意味着

“多、聚、重复”，mer意味着“链节、基体”。例如：称为丁二烯的气态化合物，分子量为54，化合将近4000次，得到分子量大约为20XX00被称作聚丁二烯的高聚物。形成高聚物的低分子化合物称为单体。下面简单地描述一下形成过程：

butadiene + butadiene + + butadiene--→polybutadiene

(4 000 time)

丁二烯＋丁二烯＋…＋丁二烯——→聚丁二烯

One can thus see how a substance (monomer) with as small a molecule weight as 54 grow to bexxe a giant molecule (polymer) of (54×4 000≈)200 000 molecular weight. It is essentially the ‘giantness’ of the size of the polymer molecule that makes its behavior different from that of a xxmonly known chemical xxpound such as benzene. Solid benzene, for instance, melts to bexxe liquid benzene at ℃ and , on further heating, boils into gaseous benzene. As against this well-defined behavior of a simple chemical xxpound, a polymer like polyethylene does not melt sharply at one particular temperature into clean liquid. Instead, it bexxes increasingly softer and,

1

高分子专业英语选讲课文翻译资料

ultimately, turns into a very viscous, tacky molten mass. Further heating of this hot, viscous, molten polymer does convert it into various gases but it is no longer polyethylene. (Fig. ) .

因而能够看到分子量仅为54的小分子物质如何逐渐形成分子量为20XX00的大分子。实质上，正是于聚合物的巨大的分子尺寸才使其性能不同于象苯这样的一般化合物。例如，固态苯，在℃熔融成液态苯，进一步加热，煮沸成气态苯。与这类简单化合物明确的行为相比，像聚乙烯这样的聚合物不能在某一特定的温度快速地熔融成纯净的液体。而聚合物变得越来越软，最终，变成十分粘稠的聚合物熔融体。将这种热而粘稠的聚合物熔融体进一步加热，不会转变成各种气体，但它不再是聚乙烯。

固态苯——→液态苯——→气态苯加热，℃加热，80℃

固体聚乙烯——→熔化的聚乙烯——→各种分解产物-但不是聚乙烯

加热加热

图低分子量化合物和聚合物受热后的不同行为

Another striking difference with respect to the