核酶 (英文及中文) 最终成稿
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Ribozyme
Ribozyme 核酶
(Catalytic RNA molecule)
制作：cz12062008
1.1.What is a Ribozyme?
What is a Ribozyme? Ribozymes are true enzymes.. Ribozymes are true enzymes
A ribozyme is an RNA molecule
（分子） that is capable（能力）
of catalyzing （催化）a chemical reaction.
NOT PROTEIN（蛋白）
discovered First Ribozyme discovered First Ribozyme
上世纪80年代，美国科罗拉多大学博尔德分校的Thomas Cech（The intron in
Tetrahemena is
the pre-rRNA of Tetrahemena is
The intron in the pre-rRNA of
Sidnery Altan n（The M1 self-spliced）和美国耶鲁大学的Sidnery Alta
in ribonuclease P is catalytic）各自独立地发现RNA具有RNA in ribonuclease
RNA
生物催化功能.从而改变了生物催比剂的传统概念。
1989 Nobel Prize
In Chemistry
Sid Altman Tom Cech
I型内含子
剪接型核酶
II型内含子 锤头核酶
剪切型核酶
发夹核酶 自体催化 丁型肝炎病毒（HDV)核酶 RNaseP RNaseP 异体催化 2.核酶的分类
通过既剪又接的方式除去内
含子（Intron)
自身催化的
反应是只切不接。异体催化能
剪切所tRNA
前体的5‘端
How many ribozyme ?
the hammerhead ribozyme (plant virus)
the hammerhead ribozyme (plant virus)
锤头状核酶（来源：植物病毒）
- the hairpin ribozyme (plan virus)
- the hairpin ribozyme (plan virus)
发夹状核酶
- hepatitis delta ribozyme (human virus)
- hepatitis delta ribozyme (human virus)
丁型肝炎核酶（来源：人类病毒）
- neurospora VS ribozyme (mitochondrial RNA)
- neurospora VS ribozyme (mitochondrial RNA)
孢VS核酶（来源：线粒体RNA）
- group I and group II intron ribozyme (rRNA and mt RNA)
- group I and group II intron ribozyme (rRNA and mt RNA) 内含子I和II核酶（来源：rRNA和MT RNA）
- RNAse P (tRNA maturation)
核糖核酸酶P（来源：tRNA的成熟）
- Ribosome (translation)
核糖体（翻译）
- Spliceosome (splicing)
剪接（拼接）
Ribozym Ribozym Sequenced Sequenced Sequenced Size (nt) Size (nt) Size (nt) Activity Activity Activity Source
Source （核酶） （测序） （大小） （功能） （来源）
Group I intron >1>1’’500 210 self-splicing via 3self-splicing via 3self-splicing via 3’’-OH -OH eukayotic pre-mRNA,
eukayotic pre-mRNA, of G; transesterification
of G; transesterification organelles, few bacteria Group II intron >700 500 self-splicing via 3 self-splicing via 3’’-OH organelles, few prokaryotes organelles, few prokaryotes
of A; transesterification
of A; transesterification Hammerhead 11 40 self-cleavage via self-cleavage via plant viruses
plant viruses Hepatitis delta virus Hepatitis delta virus 2 90 transesterification hepatitis B virus hepatitis B virus hepatitis B virus (RNAgen.)
(RNAgen.)Hairpin 1 70 (2 70 (2’’,3,3’’-cyclic phosphate) satellite RNA of plant virus
satellite RNA of plant virus RNAse P >500 >500 300 300 pre-tRNA processing pre-tRNA processing pre-tRNA processing prokaryotes and organelles prokaryotes and organelles prokaryotes and organelles
via hydrolysis (3via hydrolysis (3via hydrolysis (3’’-OH) of eukaryotes of eukaryotes of eukaryotes
Spliceosome
pre-mRNA splicing via eukaryotic pre-mRNAs (U2 + U6 snRNAs) (U2 + U6 snRNAs) 70; 50
70; 50 180; 100 ransesterification (3 180; 100 ransesterification (3’’OH)Ribosome Ribosome >900
>900 2 2’
’600 peptidyl transfer (amide) prokaryotes and eukaryotes (23S rRNA)(23S rRNA)
Naturally occurring ribozymes and ribonucleoprotein enzymes (2002)
peptidyl transfer (amide)转移肽（酰胺） self-splicing 自我剪接
self-cleavage self-cleavage 自我裂解 22’,3,3’’-cyclic phosphate -cyclic phosphate 2'，3' -环磷酸 transesterification transesterification 酯交换 prokaryotes and eukaryotes prokaryotes and eukaryotes prokaryotes and eukaryotes
原核生物和真核生物 pre-tRNA processing via hydrolysis (3pre-tRNA processing via hydrolysis (3’
’-OH)处理经水解的前氨酰- tRNA （3' - OH ）天然核酶及核糖酶