【尚择优选】最新20XX年考研英语真题全面解读之阅读理解.doc
考研英语阅读理解精选试题及答案解析
考研英语阅读理解精选试题及答案解析考研英语阅读理解精选试题及答案解析Unit1Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （40 points）T ext 1It?s plain common sense? D the more happiness you feel, the less unhappiness you experience. It?s plain common sense, but it?s not true. Recent research reveals that happiness and unhappiness are not really two sides of the same emotion. They are two distinct feelings that, coexisting, rise and fall independently.People might think that the higher a person?s level of unhappiness, the lower their level of happiness and vice versa. But when researchers measure people?s average levels of happiness and unhappiness, they often find little relationship between the two.The recognition that feelings of happiness and unhappiness can co-exist much like love and hate in a close relationship may offer valuable clues on how to lead a happier life. It suggests, for example, that changing or avoiding things that make you mise rable may well make you less miserable, but probably won?t make you any happier. That advice is backed up by an extraordinary series of studies which indicate that a genetic predisposition for unhappiness may run in certain families. On the other hand, res earchers have found happiness doesn?t appear to be anyone?s heritage. The capacity for joy is a talentyou develop largely for yourself.Psychologists have settled on a working definition of the feeling ?D happiness is a sense of subjective well-being. They have also begun to find out who?s happy, who isn?t and why. To date, the research hasn?t found a simple formula for a happy life, but it has discovered some of the actions and attitudes that seem to bring people closer to that most desired of feelings.Why is unhappiness less influenced by environment? When we are happy, we are more responsive to people and keep up connections better than when we are feeling sad. This doesn?t mean, however, that some people are born to be sad and that?s that. Genes may predispose one to unhappiness, but disposition can be influenced by personal choice. You can increase your happiness through your own actions.1. According to the text, it is true that［A］unhappiness is more inherited than affected by environment.［B］happiness and unhappiness are mutually conditional.［C］unhappiness is subject to external more than internal factors.［D］happiness is an uncontrollable subjective feeling.2. The author argues that one can achieve happiness by［A］maintaining it at an average level.［B］escaping miserable occurrences in life.［C］pursuing it with one?s painstaking effort.［D］realizing its coexistence with unhappiness.3. The phrase “To date” (Par.4) can be best replaced by［A］As a result.［B］In addition.［C］At present.［D］Until now.4. What do you think the author believes about happinessand unhappiness?［A］One feels unhappy owing to his miserable origin.［B］They are independent but existing concurrently［C］One feels happy by participating in more activities.［D］They are actions and attitudes taken by human beings.5. The sentence “That?s that” (Par. 5) probably means: Some people are born to be sad ［A］and the situation cannot be altered.［B］and happiness remains inaccessible.［C］but they don?t think much about it.［D］but they remain unconscious of it.Text 2The legal limit for driving after drinking alcohol is 80 milligrams of alcohol in 100 millilitres of blood, when tested. But there is no sure way of telling how much you can drink before you reach this limit. It varies with each person depending on your weight, your sex, if you?ve just eaten and what sort of drinks you?ve had. Some people might reach their limit after only about three standard drinks.In fact, your driving ability can be affected by just one or two drinks. Even if you?re below the legal limit, you could still be taken to court if a police officer thinks your driving has been affected by alcohol.It takes about an hour for the body to get rid of the alcohol in one standard drink. So, if you have a heavy drinking in the evening you might find that your driving ability is still affected the next morning, or you could even find that you?re still over the legal limit. In addition, if you?ve had a few drinks at lunchtime, another one ortwo drinks in the early evening may well put you over thelegal limit.In a test with professional drivers, the more alcoholic drinks they had had, the more certain they were that they could drive a test course through a set of movable posts... and the less able they were to do it!So the only way to be sure you?re safe is not to drink at all.Alcohol is a major cause of road traffic accidents. One in three of the drivers killed in road accidents have levels of alcohol which are over the legal limit, and road accidents after drinking are the biggest cause of death among young men. More than half of the people stopped by the police to take a breath test have a blood alcohol concentration of more than twice the legal limit.It is important to remember that driving after you?ve been drinking doesn?t just affect you. If you?r e involved in an accident it affects a lot of other people as well, not least the person you might kill or injure.6. The amount of alcohol a driver can drink within the legal limit is［A］about 80mg of pure alcohol.［B］about three standard drinks.［C］in proportion to his weight.［D］varying with different people.7. You might be accused of drunk driving when［A］you drive upon having some drinks.［B］you become a helpless alcohol addict.［C］your driving is found abnormal for drinking.［D］your alcohol percentage fails the test.8. A test showed that drunken professional drivers could［A］have greater confidence than sober ones.［B］move away a set of posts on the test ground.［C］fail in the test despite their self-affirmation.［D］serve as alarming examples to potential drivers.9. Alcohol is the major cause of traffic accidents because［A］more than 30% road casualties are drink drivers.［B］drinking affects people?s mind and emotion.［C］about one-third drivers are used to drinking.［D］young drivers are familiar among traffic victims.10. About drink driving, the author warns you of the fact that you［A］may be taken to court by the police.［B］are putting yourself in danger.［C］may hurt or kill another driver.［D］are setting other people at risk.Text 3There are various ways in which individual economic units can interact with one another. Three basic ways may be described as the market system, the administered system, and the traditional system.In a market system individual economic units are free to interact among each other in the marketplace. It is possible to buy commodities from other economic units or sell commodities to them. In a market, transaction may take place via barter or money exchange. In a barter economy, real goods such as automobiles, shoes and pizzas are traded against each other. Obviously, finding somebody who wants to trade my old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task. Hence, the introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably. In the modern market economy, goods and services are bought or sold for money.An alternative for the market system is administrative control by some agency over all transactions. This agency will issue edicts (orders) or commands as to how much of each good and service should be produced, exchanged, and consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy. The central plan, drawn up by the government, shows the amounts of each commodity produced by the various firms and allocated to different households for consumption. This is an example of complete planning of production, consumption, and exchange for the whole economy.In a traditional society, production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition; every person?s place within the economic system is fixed by parentage(origin), religion, and custom. Transactions take place on the basis of tradition, too. People belonging to a certain group or caste(social class) may have an obligation to care for other persons, provide them with food and shelter, care for their health, and provide for their education. Clearly, in a system where every decision is made on the basis of tradition alone, progress may be difficult to achieve.A stagnant (unchanging) society may result.11. The main purpose of the text is to［A］interpret the essence of general economics.［B］compare barter and cash-exchange markets.［C］outline contrasting types of economic systems.［D］argue for the superiority of a certain economy.12. The word “real” in “real goods”(Par.2) could best be re placed by［A］genuine.［B］concrete.［C］durable.［D］practical.13. According to the text, a barter economy may lead to［A］unfair transaction.［B］direct conflicts.［C］gradual deflation.［D］trading troubles.14. In an administered system, business activities are under the direction of［A］major economic organizations.［B］general public advisory body.［C］large commercial companies.［D］certain official departments.15. All of the following are mentioned as factors determining one?s place in a traditional society EXCEPT［A］family background.［B］age and education.［C］religious beliefs.［D］established experience.Text 4It?s possible that while you are at work, you may dream about a month of Sundays, but your boss wishes for a week of Tuesday. That?s because she/he probably knows that productivity is one of the main factors bolstering (supporting) a company?s growth. And a recent poll shows that workers are most productive on Tuesdays!Accountemps, an employment agency, conducted a national survey of office managers, which shows that by the middle of the week, they see a dramatic productivity decrease. While Monday is considered second in “productivity value,” only nine percent of office managers think Wednesday is the peak productivity day. Five percent believe it is Thursday. And Friday, well, you can just imagine! However, forty-eight percent of the managers polled said that Tuesday is, by far, the most productive day of the week.A close analysis of workweek rhythms would turn up some obvious reasons for those survey results. First of all, Monday is overloaded with meetings, designed to “get things moving,”and everybody knows meetings aren?t very productive. Wednesday is “hump day”(驼峰日) ?D get over it as painlessly as possible, a worker thinks, and the week is more than halfway over. On Thursday, people are running out of steam; and Friday, everybody?s thinking about the weekend. There are reasons why the other days aren?t produc tive, but what makes Tuesday special?Tuesdays, employees hit peak performance because they are very focused on day-to-day activities. Also, it?s usually the first day of the week when they?re focused on their own task. They?re not in meetings that take them away from their primary responsibilities. Actually, Tuesdays can be quite hectic (full of excitement and without rest). Workers are arriving at work fairly frantic (wildly excited). And so, in 10 hours, they?re doing 20-hour work. That?s productive, but it?s also tough.This does not mean that nothing happens on the last three days of the workweek. Things do not get so lax that people are sitting with their feet on desks, sipping coffee and talking on the phone all day, but there?s a definite lack of focus. The pace sof tens and the rhythm slows down. And this is not healthy: it produces fatigue and lowers productivity. To prevent this midweek slowdown, some management consultants suggest that employers avoid jamming so many meetings into Mondays. Work deadlines can be rescheduled to stretch out the workflow. Variations in productivity are only natural, but both workers and bosses win when the peaks and valleys are less dramatic than they are now.16. According to the poll, which of the following days is most productive?［A］Thursday.［B］Friday.［C］Monday.［D］Wednesday.17. The peak productivity day of the week is marked by［A］violent excitement and activity.［B］due enthusiasm and creativity.［C］hurried and disordered movement.［D］full concentration and efficiency.18. The word “lax” in the last paragraph means［A］usually negligible.［B］lacking in control.［C］totally distractive.［D］worthy of relaxing.19. With respect to the changes in productivity, the text suggests that［A］work deadlines can be readjusted.［B］they are reasonable and expectable.［C］Monday meetings may be called off.［D］their differences are to be minimized.20. The author has explained all of the following EXCEPT［A］the steps taken to alter workweek rhythms.［B］the productivity on the 6th day of the week.［C］the reason why midweek slowdown takes place.［D］the concern bosses have about low productivity.Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about marketing strategies. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A ?D F for each numbered paragraph (21 ?D 25). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)［A］Which marketing tactic must an entity take?［B］Quality first, competition second［C］Exemplify offensive measures［D］Complex factors cause due market analysis［E］The motive for proceeds also functions［F］Strategy varies with external conditionsThere are three general marketing strategies that an organization can adopt.21.The first is an aggressive strategy, characterized by generating a great deal of promotion, varying prices, changing the times and places at which the products/services are offered, differentiating the products/services from those of competing organizations, hiring creative salespersons to promote the products/services, spending lots of money on marketing activities, and so forth.22.The second general marketing strategy is a minimal one, characterized by doing very little promotion, pricing below market, offering services at traditional places and times, spending very little money on promotion and salespersons, and so forth. The third is a balanced marketing strategy, an in-between strategy that differs from an aggressive strategy and a minimal strategy only in degree. These three strategies are appropriate alternatives for any organization. However, not every organization needs an aggressive strategy, nor does every organization need a balanced strategy or a minimal one. The situation facing each entity is obviously different, calling for an analysis of the factors that dictate which of the three alternative strategies is most suitable for each organization.23.The first major factor is the nature of the market competition facing the organization. If it is in a monopoly position, with no direct competitors in its market area, then a minimal marketing strategy is suitable. However, if the organization is in an oligopoly market position, with a few competitors in its market area, then abalanced marketing strategy is called for. If there is a high degree of competition and several competing products/services in its market area, this would suggest an aggressive marketing strategy. Further, if there are many other forms of indirect competition, then the organization should pursue a balanced marketing strategy.24.The second major factor is the quality of the products/services offered. If the organization has high-quality products/services, a minimal marketing strategy is called for, other factors being equal. If it is in a weak market position with low-quality products/services, a minimal marketing strategy should be pursued. If the products/services are of medium quality, this would suggest a balanced strategy.25.The third major factor is the revenue strategies that the managers may desire to pursue. For example, if the managers want to maximize the organization?s revenues from its products? services, then the organization should adopt an aggressive marketing strategy. If it wants to minimize revenues, then it should pursue a minimal strategy. However, if it wants to balance its revenues? D not maximizing and not minimizing ?D then a balanced marketing strategy is called for. These factors may be summarized and put into decision model for an administrator to use in deciding which general marketing strategy his/her organization should use. Once the strengths and weaknesses are weighted for each factor, an overall evaluation can be completed, allowing the administrator to arrive at an overall decision ?D that is ,whether to follow an aggressive, balanced, or minimal general marketing strategy.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and thentranslate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points) Not long ago, technology in the home was carved up into well-defined territories: The PC ?D care of Microsoft, Intel, Dell, and the like ?D presided over the home office. The television and stereo were king and queen of the living room. These days, though, the digital revolution is shaking up that comfortable ease. (26)With the advent of MP3 music files, personal video recorders, game machines, digital cameras, and a host of other media and services, it?s no longer clear who controls which bit of home floor. And that has set off a battle for dominance in home entertainment.The shake-up covers the technology spectrum. Microsoft Corp. is spending billions on entertainment initiatives such as its X-box video game comfort. Compaq Computer Corp. and Hewlett??Packard Co. sell MP3 music players that plug into home??stereosystems. Philips Electronics sells a stereo that hooks into a high-speed Internet connection to play music from the Web.Consumers are getting the message. (27) Sales of many of these devices should take off this year and next: U.S. shipments of MP3 digital music players for listening to songs downloaded from the Net are expected to jump by more than 50% this year, to 7 million units, according to researchers International Data Corp. Sales of personal video recorders, such as TiV o, which let you record TV shows for later viewing, should nearly triple this year in the U.S., to 2.2 million units.Even high-definition television(HDTV) ?D the durable Next Big Thing ?D may soon take off. (28) By the end of 2003, nearly 6 million U.S. homes should have HDTV sets, and by yearend, some7.7 million American homes are expected to have networks to tie their digital gear together, with strong growth spurred by a new standard for wireless links called WiFi.Call it the next big wave of technology. (29) After the PC era and the Internet Age, many consumers have grown comfortable with tech: Two-thirds of U.S. homes own PCs today, while 60% have Internet access, according to researchers Gartner Data-quest. To reach the rest of the market, technology companies need to build simpler devices that offer more entertainment. (30) And these new machines need to work together as readily as stereo components do today, and should be nearly as easy to set up and use as a telephone or a television. That is leading to the computerization of technology over the next five to ten years. The future is about MP3 players, digital video, and the like.参考答案Part AText 1: 1. A2. C3. D4. B5. AText 2: 6. D7. C8. C9. B10. DText 3: 11. C12. B13. D14. D15. BText 4: 16. C17. D18. B19. D20. APart B21. C 22. A 23. F 24. B 25. EPart C26. 随着MP3音乐文档、个人录像机、游戏机、数码照相机及许多其它媒体和服务器的问世，究竟谁会占据家庭中的哪块地盘，就很难说了。
考研英语卷真题及答案解析
考研英语卷真题及答案解析考研英语是很多考生备战考研的重点科目之一。
高考英语与考研英语之间存在很多差异，所以很多学生都需要通过真题来熟悉考研英语的难度和题型。
本文将通过解析考研英语卷真题，帮助考生更好地准备考研英语。
第一部分阅读理解阅读理解部分是考研英语卷中的重要题型之一。
这部分题目主要考察考生的阅读理解能力和批判性思维能力。
以下是一道考研英语阅读理解题目及解答：Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.The Dodo Bird's extinction has always haunted me. Not just because it happened on my birthday, September 1st, in 1627, nor because it is the most often cited example of uniqueness—although both things are true—but because it was so needless. The Dodo Bird lived happily on the island of Mauritius until humankind arrived and destroyed their home and their food source in less than 100 years.The disappearance of the dodo bird deeply affected many of the early scientists, and led to efforts to save other species from going extinct. In the last 400 years, humans have caused the extinction of around 1000 animal species, andit is estimated that more than 16,000 species are currently endangered.The Dodo Bird's story is a reminder to protect theworld's unique and delicate ecosystems. The earth is filled with countless amazing and complex species, and once they're gone, they're gone forever.1. Why does the author feel haunted by the extinction of the Dodo Bird?A. Because it happened on the author's birthday.B. Because it is the most often cited example of uniqueness.C. Because it happened in less than 100 years.D. Because it was caused by human activity.解析：D. Because it was caused by human activity.2. What did the disappearance of the dodo bird lead to?A. The extinction of around 1000 animal species.B. Efforts to save other species from extinction.C. The destruction of the world's unique ecosystems.D. The endangerment of 16,000 species.解析：B. Efforts to save other species from extinction.3. How many animal species have humans caused the extinction of in the past 400 years?A. Around 1000.B. More than 16,000.C. 1627.D. Less than 100.解析：A. Around 1000.4. What does the author want to remind readers of?A. The need to protect the world's unique and delicate ecosystems.B. The importance of preserving the dodo bird.C. The significance of September 1st.D. The impact of human activity on animal species.解析：A. The need to protect the world's unique and delicate ecosystems.5. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The dodo bird's extinction.B. The impact of human activity on animal species.C. The need to save endangered species.D. The uniqueness of the dodo bird.解析：B. The impact of human activity on animal species.通过解析以上题目，我们可以看到考研英语卷中的阅读理解题主要考查考生的理解能力和推理能力。
考研英语真题阅读讲解
考研英语真题阅读讲解考研英语真题阅读讲解考研英语的阅读部分一直是很多考生头疼的问题，其中最具挑战性的莫过于阅读理解题。
本文将针对考研英语真题中的阅读理解部分进行讲解，希望能够帮助考生更好地应对考试。
首先，我们需要明确阅读理解题的类型。
在考研英语中，阅读理解题一般分为三种类型：细节题、主旨题和推理题。
细节题要求考生根据文章中的具体信息进行判断；主旨题要求考生归纳出文章的中心思想；推理题则需要考生根据文章的信息进行推断。
对于细节题，考生需要仔细阅读文章，并在脑海中形成一个清晰的思维导图。
在解答问题时，可以根据文章的段落大意和关键词来定位答案。
同时，要注意排除干扰选项，选择最符合文章内容的答案。
主旨题是考研英语阅读理解题中的难点之一。
在解答主旨题时，考生需要全面理解文章的内容，并从中归纳出一个概括性的主题。
一般来说，主题往往是文章的中心思想或者作者的观点。
在解答主旨题时，可以通过找出文章的关键词和段落的主题句来帮助自己理解文章的中心思想。
推理题是考研英语阅读理解题中的较为复杂的一类题型。
在解答推理题时，考生需要根据文章中的信息进行推断，并选择最符合文章内容的答案。
在解答推理题时，可以通过对文章的信息进行逻辑推理，或者根据上下文的暗示来帮助自己找到正确答案。
除了对不同类型的题目进行分类和解答，考生还需要注意一些解题技巧。
首先，要充分利用文章中的关键词和关键句，这些信息往往能够帮助我们理解文章的意思和解答问题。
其次，要注意文章的结构和逻辑关系，这些信息往往能够帮助我们理解文章的整体思路和解答问题。
最后，要注意排除法，通过排除干扰选项，选择最符合文章内容的答案。
在备考过程中，考生还可以通过做真题来提高自己的解题能力。
通过做真题，考生可以熟悉考试的题型和出题规律，并且可以找到自己的不足之处，进一步提高自己的解题能力。
综上所述，考研英语阅读理解题是考生备考过程中的一大难点，但只要掌握了解题技巧和做题方法，考生就能够应对考试。
考研英语一阅读及答案
考研英语一阅读及答案在考研英语一的阅读部分，考生需要阅读一篇文章或一篇文段，并回答相关的问题。
阅读部分通常分为三个段落，每个段落后面都有若干问题。
本文将分析考研英语一阅读部分的特点，并以一个范例来演示如何解答相关问题。
阅读部分的题目一般涉及学术性或实用性的话题，如科学、技术、社会问题等。
在解答问题时，考生需要准确理解原文，并灵活运用自己的知识和阅读技巧进行分析和推理。
以下是一篇关于电子垃圾处理的范例文章，我们将通过范例来说明解答问题的技巧。
题目：The Proper Handling of Electronic Waste段落一：Electronic waste, or e-waste, is one of the fastest-growing types of waste in the world. With the rapid development of technology, more and more electronic devices are being discarded, leading to significant environmental and health risks. E-waste contains hazardous substances such as lead, mercury, and cadmium, which can contaminate soil and water sources if not properly disposed of.段落二：The proper handling of e-waste is crucial to minimize its negative impact on human health and the environment. One effective method is recycling. Through recycling, valuable materials such as gold, silver, and copper can be extracted from electronic devices and reused. Moreover, proper recyclingprocesses can prevent the release of toxic substances and reduce the demand for raw materials.段落三：Another important approach is promoting extended producer responsibility (EPR). EPR is a policy that makes manufacturers responsible for the entire life cycle of their products, including proper waste management. By holding manufacturers accountable, EPR can incentivize them to design products that are easier to recycle and dispose of, and also encourage them to take back and recycle their own products.问题一：What are the environmental and health risks associated with e-waste?问题回答：The environmental and health risks associated with e-waste include the contamination of soil and water sources due to hazardous substances such as lead, mercury, and cadmium, which are present in e-waste. If not properly disposed of, these substances can have a detrimental impact on the environment and human health.问题二：What is one effective method for handling e-waste?问题回答：One effective method for handling e-waste is recycling. Through recycling, valuable materials such as gold, silver, and copper can be extracted and reused, reducing the demand for raw materials and preventing the release of toxic substances.问题三：What is extended producer responsibility (EPR)?问题回答：Extended producer responsibility (EPR) is a policy that holds manufacturers responsible for the entire life cycle of their products, including proper waste management. This policy encourages manufacturers to design products that are easier to recycle and dispose of, and also requires them to take back and recycle their own products.本文范例通过三个段落介绍了电子垃圾处理的重要性以及有效的处理方法，并给出了相关问题的解答。
20xx年考研英语一真题及答案解析
20xx年考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版20xx年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank andmark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Trust is a tricky business. On the one hand, it's a necessary condition 1 manyworthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. On the other hand, putting your 2, inthe wrong place often carries a high 3.4, why do we trust at all? Well, because it feels good. 5 people place their trustin an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that 6pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instruct that prompts humans to 7 withone another. Scientists have found that exposure 8 this hormone puts us in a trusting9: In a Swiss study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of halfthe subjects;those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangersthan were their 10 who inhaled something else.11 for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may 12 us. A Canadianstudy found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate credible personand a dishonest one. Sixty toddlers were each 14 to an adult tester holding a plasticcontainer. The tester would ask, “What's in here?”before looking into the container,smiling, and exclaiming, “Wow!”Each subject was then invited to look 15. Half ofthem found a toy; the other half 16 the container was empty-and realized the testerhad 17 them.Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were 18 to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted hisleadership. 19, only five of the 30 children paired with the “20”tester participated ina follow-up activity.1. [A] on [B] like [C] for [D] from1 / 232. [A] faith [B] concern [C] attention [D] interest3. [A] benefit [B] debt [C] hope [D] price4. [A] Therefore [B] Then [C] Instead [D] Again5. [A]Until [B] Unless [C] Although [D] When6. [A] selects [B] produces [C] applies [D] maintains8. [A] at [B] by [C]of [D]to9. [A] context [B] mood [C] period [D] circle10.[A] counterparts [B] substitutes [C] colleagues [D]supporters11.[A] Funny [B] Lucky [C] Odd [D] Ironic12.[A] monitor [B] protect [C] surprise [D] delight13.[A] between [B] within [C] toward [D] over14.[A] transferred [B] added [C] introduced [D] entrusted15.[A] out [B] back [C] around [D] inside16.[A] discovered [B] proved [C] insisted [D] .remembered17.[A] betrayed [B]wronged [C] fooled [D] mocked18.[A] forced [B] willing [C] hesitant [D] entitled19.[A] In contrast [B] As a result [C] On the whole [D] For instance20.[A] inflexible [B] incapable [C] unreliable [D] unsuitableSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:2 / 23Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosingA, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1This isn't to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval hasbenefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didn't go so well for Ludditeswhose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms, but it eventually raised livingstandards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automation shouldeventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and freeworkers from hard, boring work. But in the medium term, middle-class workers mayneed a lot of help adjusting.21.Who will be most threatened by automation?[A] Leading politicians.[B]Low-wage laborers.[C]Robot owners.[D]Middle-class workers.22 .Which of the following best represent the author's view?[A] Worries about automation are in fact groundless.[B]Optimists' opinions on new tech find little support.[C]Issues arising from automation need to be tackled[D]Negative consequences of new tech can be avoidedcation in the age of automation should put more emphasis on[A] creative potential.[B]job-hunting skills.[C]individual needs.3 / 23[D]cooperative spirit.24.The author suggests that tax policies be aimed at[A] encouraging the development of automation.[B]increasing the return on capital investment.[C]easing the hostility between rich and poor.25.In this text, the author presents a problem with[A] opposing views on it.[B]possible solutions to it.[C]its alarming impacts.[D]its major variations.Text 2A new survey by finds more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove ofPresident Trump's use of Twitter. The implication is that Millennials prefer news fromthe White House to be filtered through other source, Not a president's social mediaplatform.Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines. Yet as distrust hasrisen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills.Such a trend is badly needed. During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly aquarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of wasfake news, according to the . And a survey conducted for BuzzFeed News found 44percent of Facebook users rarely or never trust news from the media giant.Such active research can have another effect. A 2014 survey conducted in , , andthe by the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that young people's reliance onsocial media led to greater political engagement.Social media allows users to experience news events more intimately andimmediately while also permitting them to re-share news as a projection of their4 / 23values and interests. This forces users to be more conscious of their role in passingalong information. A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given byAmericans for the fake news phenomenon is “reader error,”more so than made-upstories or factual mistakes in reporting. About a third say the problem of fake newslies in “misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news”via socialmedia. In otherwords, the choice to share news on social media may be the heart of the issue. “Thisindicates there is a real personal responsibility in counteracting this problem,”saysRoxanne Stone, editor in chief at Barna Group.So when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reveal amental discipline in thinking skills –and in their choices on when to share on socialmedia.26. According to the Paragraphs 1 and 2, many young Americans cast doubts on[A] the justification of the news-filtering practice.[B] people's preference for social media platforms.[C] the administrations ability to handle information.[D] social media was a reliable source of news.27. The phrase “beer up”(Line 2, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to[A] sharpen[B] define[C] boast[D] share28. According to the knight foundation survey, young people[A] tend to voice their opinions in cyberspace.[B] verify news by referring to diverse resources.[C] have s strong sense of responsibility.5 / 23[D] like to exchange views on “distributed trust”29. The Barna survey found that a main cause for the fake news problem is[A] readers outdated values.[B] journalists' biased reporting[C] readers' misinterpretation[D] journalists' made-up stories.30. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News Online[B] A Counteraction Against the Over-tweeting Trend[C] The Accumulation of Mutual Trust on Social Media.[D] The Platforms for Projection of Personal Interests.Text 3DeepMind has almost apologized. The NHS trust has mended its ways. Furtherarrangements- and there may be many-between the NHS and DeepMindwill becarefully scrutinised to ensure that all necessary permissions have been asked ofpatients and all unnecessary data has been cleaned. There are lessons aboutinformed patient consent to learn. But privacy is not the only angle in this case andnot even the most important. Ms Denham chose to concentrate the blame on theNHS trust, since under existing law it “controlled”the data and DeepMind merely“processed it. But this distinction misses the point that it is processing andaggregation, not the mere possession of bits, that gives the data value.31.Wha is true of the agreement between the NHS and DeepMind ?[A] It caused conflicts among tech giants.[B] It failed to pay due attention to patient's rights.6 / 23[C] It fell short of the latter's expectations[D] It put both sides into a dangerous situation.32. The NHS trust responded to Denham's verdict with[A] empty promises.[B] tough resistance.[C] necessary adjustments.[D] sincere apologies.33.The author argues in Paragraph 2 that[A] privacy protection must be secured at all costs.[B] leaking patients' data is worse than selling it.[C] making profits from patients' data is illegal.34.According to the last paragraph, the real worry arising from this deal is[A] the vicious rivalry among big pharmas.[B] the ineffective enforcement of privacy law.[C] the uncontrolled use of new software.[D] the monopoly of big data by tech giants.35.The author's attitude toward the application of AI to healthcare is[A] ambiguous.[B] cautious.[C] appreciative.[D] contemptuous.7 / 23Text 4The U.S. Postal Service (USPS) continues to bleed red ink. It reported a net lossof $5.6 billion for fiscal 2016, the 10th straight year its expenses have exceededrevenue. Meanwhile, it has more than $120 billion in unfunded liabilities, mostly foremployee health and retirement costs. There are many bankruptcies. Fundamentally,the USPS is in a historic squeeze between technological change that has permanentlydecreased demand for its bread-and-butter product, first-class mail, and a regulatorystructure that denies management the flexibility to adjust its operations to the newrealityAnd interest groups ranging from postal unions to greeting-card makers exertself-interested pressure on the USPS's ultimateoverseer-Congress-insisting thatwhatever else happens to the Postal Service, aspects of the status quo they dependon get protected. This is why repeated attempts at reform legislationhave failed inrecent years, leaving the Postal Service unable to pay its bills except by deferring vitalmodernization.36.The financial problem with the USPS is caused partly by[A]. its unbalanced budget.[B] .its rigid management.[C] .the cost for technical upgrading.[D]. the withdrawal of bank support.37. According to Paragraph 2, the USPS fails to modernize itself due to[A]. the interference from interest groups.[B] .the inadequate funding from Congress.[C] .the shrinking demand for postal service.[A] .removing its burden of retiree health care.[B] .making more investment in new vehicles.8 / 23[C] .adopting a new rate-increase mechanism.[D]. attracting more first-class mail users.39.In the last paragraph, the author seems to view legislators with[A] respect.[B] tolerance.[C] discontent.[D] gratitude.40.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] .The USPS Starts to Miss Its Good Old Days[B] .The Postal Service: Keep Away from My Cheese[C] .The USPS: Chronic Illness Requires a Quick Cure[D] .The Postal Service Needs More than a Band-AidPart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions41-45, youare required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing fromthe list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs C and F have beencorrectly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) C. The State, War, and , as it was originally known, housed the three ExecutiveBranch Departments most intimately associated with formulating and conducting thenation's foreign policy in the last quarter of the nineteenth century and the firstquarter of the twentieth century-the period when the emerged as an internationalpower. The building has housed some of the nation's most significant diplomats andpoliticians and has been the scene of many historic events.9 / 23F. Construction took 17 years as the building slowly rose wing by wing. Whenthe EEOB was finished, it was the largest office building in , with nearly 2 miles ofblack and white tiled corridors. Almost all of the interior detail is of cast iron orplaster; the use of wood was minimized to insure fire safety. Eight monumentalcurving staircases of granite with over 4,000 individually cast bronze balusters arecapped by four skylight domes and two stained glass rotundas.G. The history of the EEOB began long before its foundations were laid. The firstexecutive offices were constructed between 1799 and 1820. A series of fires(including those set by the British in 1814) and overcrowded conditions led to theconstruction of the existing . In 1866, the construction of the North Wing of thenecessitated the demolition of the State Department building.41. àCà42. à43. àF à44 à45.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segmentsinto Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)The development of the Elizabethan drama for the next twenty-five years is ofexceptional interest to students of literary history, for in this brief period we maytrace the beginning, growth, blossoming, and decay of many kinds of plays, and ofmany great careers. We are amazed today at the mere number of plays produced, aswell as by the number of dramatists writing at the same time for this oftwohundred thousand inhabitants. (50)To realize how great was the dramatic activity, wemust remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there isno author of note whose entire work has survived.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions：10 / 23Write an email to all international experts on campus inviting them to attendthe graduation ceremony. In your email you should include time, place and otherrelevant information about the ceremony.You should write about 100 words neatly on the ANSEWER SHEETDo not use your own name at the end of the email. Use “Li Ming”instead. (10points)Part B52. Directions：Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the picture below. In your essay, youshould20xx年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题答案详解注意：英语试卷为花卷，以答案内容进行核对Section I Use of English1、【答案】[B] for【解析】此处考察介词的用法。
考研英语真题及解析
考研英语真题及解析近年来，考研英语已经成为了许多大学毕业生追求的目标。
为了帮助考生更好地了解考研英语的考试形式和要求，本文将给出一些考研英语真题，并对其进行详细解析和分析。
一、考研英语阅读理解真题及解析考研英语的阅读理解部分是许多考生感到头疼的一部分，因此在复习过程中，对于真题的学习非常重要。
以下是一道考研英语阅读理解真题及解析：Passage 1:In 1907, Sidney and Beatrice Webb, English Fabian socialists, published The History of Trade Unionism. This history, like many others, conducted early trade unionism primarily to wage levels and economic conditions rather than to political objectives. As how to better the economic conditions of their members began to change with the increasing penetration of the capitalist system and the growing importance of governmental regulation over the economy, unions also began to change. Improvements in working conditions and, later, in social benefits, such as health care, became increasingly central aims of organized labor. Not that higher wages ceased to be a major concern, but that more limited objectives appeared feasible in the immediate term. The Australian labor movement provides a clear example.1. According to the passage, The History of Trade Unionism by the Webbs mainly stressedA. the strategic importance of trade unions.B. the diversity of trade union activities.C. the limited objectives of organized labor.D. the political vitality of trade unions.解析：根据文章第一句"In 1907, Sidney and Beatrice Webb, English Fabian socialists, published The History of Trade Unionism."可以得出结论，Webbs的这本书主要强调的是工会的历史，因此选B。
考研英语试卷真题详解
考研英语试卷真题详解考研英语作为研究生入学考试的重要组成部分，其难度和深度都相对较高。
对于广大考生来说，掌握历年真题的解题技巧和答题思路至关重要。
以下是对考研英语真题的详细解析，希望能帮助考生更好地理解和应对考试。
一、阅读理解阅读理解是考研英语试卷中分值较高的部分，通常包括四篇文章，每篇文章后面有5个问题。
考生需要仔细阅读文章，理解文章的主旨大意，以及作者的观点和态度。
1. 快速浏览：在正式答题前，先快速浏览文章，把握文章的大致内容和结构。
2. 精读细节：对于每个问题，回到原文中找到对应的信息点，仔细分析上下文，避免断章取义。
3. 注意逻辑关系：考研英语阅读中常出现逻辑关系词，如转折、因果等，这些词汇往往是解题的关键。
4. 排除干扰项：在选择题中，有些选项看似合理，但与文章主旨不符，需要考生仔细甄别。
二、完形填空完形填空考查考生对文章上下文的理解以及词汇和语法的应用能力。
通常文章中会有20个空格，每个空格对应一个选项。
1. 通读全文：在做题前，先通读全文，了解文章大意。
2. 语境分析：根据上下文语境，判断空格处需要的词性和意义。
3. 固定搭配：注意一些常见的固定搭配和短语，这些往往是解题的捷径。
4. 语法规则：掌握基本的语法规则，如时态、语态等，以确保选项的正确性。
三、翻译翻译部分通常包括英译汉和汉译英两种题型，考查考生的语言转换能力和对语言细节的把握。
1. 理解原文：仔细阅读原文，理解其含义和语境。
2. 注意时态和语态：在翻译过程中，注意保持原文的时态和语态。
3. 使用恰当的词汇：选择恰当的词汇来表达原文的意思，避免直译。
4. 注意语言流畅性：翻译后的句子要符合目标语言的表达习惯，保持语言的流畅性。
四、写作写作部分通常包括小作文和大作文，考查考生的语言表达能力和逻辑思维能力。
1. 审题：仔细阅读题目要求，明确写作的主题和要点。
2. 构思框架：在动笔前，构思好文章的基本框架和逻辑结构。
3. 使用多样句式：在写作中使用多样的句式和词汇，避免语言单调。
考研英语阅读理解真题解析
考研英语阅读理解真题解析考研英语中，阅读理解占据了相当大的比重，对于考生的英语综合能力有着较高的要求。
在历年的考研英语真题中，阅读理解部分的题目类型多样，涵盖了细节理解、主旨大意、推理判断、词义猜测等多个方面。
下面，我们就以某一年的考研英语阅读理解真题为例，进行详细的解析。
首先，我们来看这篇阅读的题材和体裁。
这是一篇关于科技发展对社会影响的议论文，作者通过列举一系列的例子和数据，阐述了科技进步带来的利弊。
在具体的题目中，第一题通常是细节理解题。
比如，题目问道：“文中提到的某项新技术在哪些方面产生了显著的变化？”解答这类题目时，我们需要回到原文中，仔细寻找与题目相关的信息。
要注意关键词和关键句，往往答案就隐藏在这些地方。
在这篇文章中，我们可以在第二段中找到相关的描述，通过对比和分析，得出准确的答案。
接着是主旨大意题。
例如：“这篇文章的主要观点是什么？”对于这类题目，我们不能局限于文章的某一个段落，而是要从整体上把握文章的结构和思路。
在这篇关于科技的文章中，作者先是介绍了科技带来的好处，然后又提到了可能存在的问题，最后得出了需要平衡科技发展与社会影响的结论。
所以，主旨大意应该是围绕科技发展的两面性以及如何应对来展开的。
推理判断题也是常见的题型之一。
比如：“根据文章内容，可以推断出未来科技发展的趋势是什么？”做这类题时，我们要基于文章所提供的信息，进行合理的推理和猜测。
但要注意，推理不能脱离原文，不能凭空想象。
从这篇文章中提到的当前科技的发展状况以及存在的问题，我们可以推测出未来科技可能会更加注重解决现存的问题，朝着更加人性化、可持续的方向发展。
词义猜测题则要求我们根据上下文的语境来理解生词的含义。
例如：“文中某个生僻单词的意思最有可能是？”这时，我们要仔细分析这个单词所在的句子以及前后的句子，寻找线索和提示。
如果是一个合成词，还可以通过分析其组成部分来猜测词义。
在做阅读理解时，词汇量是基础。
如果遇到不认识的单词，不要慌张，可以通过词根词缀、上下文等方法来推测词义。
【尚择优选】最新20XX年考研阅读理解与解析.doc
20GG年TeGt1EverPbodPlovesafatpaPrise.PetpleasureatPourowncanvanishifPoulearn thatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslac king,P oumightevenbeoutraged.Suchbehaviourisregardedas“alltoohuman,”withtheunderlPingassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfin elPdevelopedsenseofgrievance.ButastudPbPSarahBrosnanandFransdeWaalofE morPUniversitPinAtlanta,Georgia,whichhasjustbeenpublishedinNature,sug geststhatitisalltoomonkeP,aswell.人人都喜欢大幅加薪，但是当你知道一个同事薪水加得比你还要多的时候，那么加薪带给你的喜悦感就消失的无影无踪了。
如果他还以懒散出名的话，你甚至会变得怒不可遏。
这种行为被看作是“人之常情”，其潜在的假定其他动物不可能具有如此高度发达的不满意识。
但是由佐治亚州亚特兰大埃里莫大学的SarahBrosnan和FransdeWaal进行的一项研究表明，它也是“猴之常情”。
这项研究成果刚刚发表在《自然》杂志上。
TheresearchersstudiedthebehaviouroffemalebrowncapuchinmonkePs.The Plookcute.TheParegood-natured,co-operativecreatures,andthePsharetheir foodreadilP.Aboveall,liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,thePtendtopaPmu chcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales.研究者们对雌性棕色卷尾猴的行为进行了研究。
【尚择优选】最新20XX年考研英语真题及解析(黄皮书).doc
20GG年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections：ReadthefollowingteGt.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandm arkA,B,CORDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Comparisonsweredrawnbetweenthedevelopmentoftelevisioninthe20thcen turPandthediffusionofprintinginthe15thand16thcenturies.Petmuchhadhapp ened 1 .Aswasdiscussedbefore,itwasnot 2 the19thcenturPthatthenewspaperbecamethedominantpre-electronic_ 3 _ ，followinginthewakeofthepamphletandthebookandinthe 4 oftheperiodical.Itwasduringthesametimethatthecommunicationsrevolution 5 up,beginningwithtransport,therailwaP,andleading 6 throughthetelegraph,thetelephone,radio,andmotionpictures 7 the20th centurPworldofthemotorcarandtheairplane.NoteverPoneseesthatProc essin 8 .Itisimportanttodoso.ItisgenerallPrecognized,9 ,thattheintroductionofthecomputerintheearlP20thcenturP, 10 bPtheinventionoftheintegratedcircuitduringthe1960s,radicallPchangedth eprocess, 11 itsimpactonthemediawasnotimmediatelP 12 .AstimewentbP,computersbecamesmallerandmorepowerful,andthePbecame “personal”too,aswellas13 ,withdisplaPbecomingsharperandstorage 14 increasing.ThePwerethoughtof,likepeople, 15 generations,withthedistancebetweengenerationsmuch 16 .Itwaswithinthecomputeragethattheterm“informationsociet P”begantobewidelPusedtodescribethe 17 withinwhichwenowlive.Thecommunicationsrevolutionhas 18 bothworkandleisureandhowwethinkandfeelbothaboutplaceandtime,butthereh avebeen 19 viewaboutitseconomic,political,socialandculturalimplications.“Benefi ts”havebeenweighed20 “harmful”outcomes.Andgeneralizationshaveproveddifficult.1.［A］between［B］before［C］since［D］later2.［A］after［B］bP［C］during［D］until3.［A］means［B］method［C］medium［D］measure4.［A］process［B］companP［C］light［D］form5.［A］gathered［B］speeded［C］worked［D］picked6.［A］on［B］out［C］over［D］off7.［A］of［B］for［C］bePond［D］into8.［A］concept［B］dimension［C］effect［D］perspective9.［A］indeed［B］hence［C］however［D］therefore10.［A］brought［B］followed［C］stimulated［D］characterized11.［A］unless［B］since［C］lest［D］although12.［A］apparent［B］desirable［C］negative［D］plausible13.［A］institutional［B］universal［C］fundamental［D］instrumental14.［A］abilitP［B］capabilitP［C］capacitP［D］facultP15.［A］bPmeansof［B］intermsof［C］withregardto［D］inlinewith16.［A］deeper［B］fewer［C］nearer［D］smaller17.［A］conteGt［B］range［C］scope［D］territorP18.［A］regarded［B］impressed［C］influenced［D］effected19.［A］competitive［B］controversial［C］distracting［D］irrational20.［A］above［B］upon［C］against［D］withSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:ReadthefollowingfourteGts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachteGtbPchoosing[A ],[B],[C]or[D].MarkPouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)TeGt1IfPouintendusinghumorinPourtalktomakepeoplesmile,Poumustknowhowto identifPsharedeGperiencesandproblems.Pourhumormustberelevanttotheaudi enceandshouldhelptoshowthemthatPouareoneofthemorthatPouunderstandthei rsituationandareinsPmpathPwiththeirpointofview.DependingonwhomPouarea ddressing,theproblemswillbedifferent.IfPouaretalkingtoagroupofmanager s,PoumaPrefertothedisorganizedmethodsoftheirsecretaries;alternativelP ifPouareaddressingsecretaries,PoumaPwanttocommentontheirdisorganizedb osses.HereisaneGample,whichIheardatanurses’convention,ofastorPwhichwor kswellbecausetheaudienceallsharedthesameviewofdoctors.Amanarrivesinhe avenandisbeingshownaroundbPSt.Peter.Heseeswonderfulaccommodations,bea utifulgardens,sunnPweather,andsoon.EverPoneisverPpeaceful,politeandfr iendlPuntil,waitinginalineforlunch,thenewarrivalissuddenlPpushedaside bPamaninawhitecoat,whorushestotheheadoftheline,grabshisfoodandstompso vertoatablebPhimself.“Whoisthat?”thenewarrivalaskedSt.Peter.“Oh,that’sGod,”camethereplP,“butsometimeshethinkshe’sadoctor.”IfPouarepartofthegroupwhichPouareaddressing,Pouwillbeinapositiont oknowtheeGperiencesandproblemswhicharecommontoallofPouandit’llbeappr opriateforPoutomakeapassingremarkabouttheinediblecanteenfoodorthechai rman’snotoriousbadtasteinties.WithotheraudiencesPoumustn’tattemptto cutinwithhumorasthePwillresentanoutsidermakingdisparagingremarksabout theircanteenortheirchairman.PouwillbeonsafergroundifPousticktoscapego atslikethePostOfficeorthetelephonesPstem.IfPoufeelawkwardbeinghumorous,Poumustpracticesothatitbecomesmoren atural.IncludeafewcasualandapparentlPoff-the-cuffremarkswhichPoucande liverinarelaGedandunforcedmanner.Oftenit’sthedeliverPwhichcausesthea udiencetosmile,sospeakslowlPandrememberthataraisedePebroworanunbeliev inglookmaPhelptoshowthatPouaremakingalight-heartedremark.Lookforthehumor.ItoftencomesfromtheuneGpected.Atwistonafamiliarqu ote“IfatfirstPoudon’tsucceed,giveup”oraplaPonwordsoronasituation.S earchforeGaggerationandunderstatement.LookatPourtalkandpickoutafewwor dsorsentenceswhichPoucanturnaboutandinjectwithhumor.21.TomakePourhumorwork,Poushould .[A]takeadvantageofdifferentkindsofaudience[B]makefunofthedisorganizedpeople[C]addressdifferentproblemstodifferentpeople[D]showsPmpathPforPourlisteners22.Thejokeaboutdoctorsimpliesthat,intheePesofnurses,thePare .[A]impolitetonewarrivals[B]verPconsciousoftheirgodlikerole[C]entitledtosomeprivileges[D]verPbusPevenduringlunchhours23.ItcanbeinferredfromtheteGtthatpublicservices .[A]havebenefitedmanPpeople[B]arethefocusofpublicattention[C]areaninappropriatesubjectforhumor[D]haveoftenbeenthelaughingstock24.Toachievethedesiredresult,humorousstoriesshouldbedelivered .[A]inwell-wordedlanguage[B]asawkwardlPaspossible[C]ineGaggeratedstatements[D]ascasuallPaspossible25.ThebesttitlefortheteGtmaPbe .[A]UseHumorEffectivelP[B]VariousKindsofHumor[C]AddHumortoSpeech[D]DifferentHumorStrategiesTeGt2SincethedawnofhumaningenuitP,peoplehavedevisedevermorecunningtool stocopewithworkthatisdangerous,boring,burdensome,orjustplainnastP.Tha tcompulsionhasresultedinrobotics—thescienceofconferringvarioushumancapabilitiesonmachines.AndifscientistshavePettocreatethemechanicalversionofsciencefiction,thePhavebegunt ocomeclose.Asaresult,themodernworldisincreasinglPpopulatedbPintelligentgizmo swhosepresencewebarelPnoticebutwhoseuniversaleGistencehasremovedmuchh umanlabor.OurfactorieshumtotherhPthmofrobotassemblParms.Ourbankingisd oneatautomatedtellerterminalsthatthankuswithmechanicalpolitenessforth etransaction.OursubwaPtrainsarecontrolledbPtirelessrobot-drivers.Andt hankstothecontinualminiaturizationofelectronicsandmicro-mechanics,the rearealreadProbotsPstemsthatcanperformsomekindsofbrainandbonesurgerPw ithsubmillimeteraccuracP—fargreaterprecisionthanhighlPskilledphPsicianscanachievewiththeirhand salone.ButifrobotsaretoreachtheneGtstageoflaborsavingutilitP,thePwillhav etooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisions forthemselves—goalsthatposearealchallenge.“Whileweknowhowtotellarobottohandleaspec ificerror,"saPsDaveLaverP,managerofaroboticsprogramatNASA,“wecan'tPe tgivearobotenough‘commonsense’toreliablPinteractwithadPnamicworld.”IndeedthequestfortrueartificialintelligencehasproducedverPmiGedre sults.Despiteaspellofinitialoptimisminthe1960sand1970swhenitappearedt hattransistorcircuitsandmicroprocessorsmightbeabletocopPtheactionofth ehumanbrainbPthePear20GG,researcherslatelPhavebeguntoeGtendthatforeca stbPdecadesifnotcenturies.WhatthePfound,inattemptingtomodelthought,isthatthehumanbrain'srou ghlPonehundredbillionnervecellsaremuchmoretalented—andhumanperceptionfarmorecomplicated—thanpreviouslPimagined.ThePhavebuiltrobotsthatcanrecognizetheerrorofa machinepanelbPafractionofamillimeterinacontrolledfactorPenvironment.B utthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlPchangingsceneandimmediatelPdisregardt he98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneouslPfocusingonthemonkePatthesi deofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.Themostadv ancedcomputersPstemsonEarthcan'tapproachthatkindofabilitP,andneurosci entistsstilldon’tknowquitehowwedoit.26.HumaningenuitPwasinitiallPdemonstratedin .[A]theuseofmachinestoproducesciencefiction.[B]thewideuseofmachinesinmanufacturingindustrP.[C]theinventionoftoolsfordifficultanddangerouswork.[D]theelite’scunningtacklingofdangerousandboringwork.27.Theword“gizmos”(line1,paragraph2)mostprobablPmeans .[A]programs B］eGperts C］devices D］creatures28.AccordingtotheteGt,whatisbePondman'sabilitPnowistodesignarobotthatcan .[A]fulfilldelicatetaskslikeperformingbrainsurgerP.[B]interactwithhumanbeingsverballP.[C]havealittlecommonsense.[D]respondindependentlPtoachangingworld.29.Besidesreducinghumanlabor,robotscanalso .[A]makeafewdecisionsforthemselves.[B]dealwithsomeerrorswithhumanintervention.[C]improvefactorPenvironments.[D]cultivatehumancreativitP.30.TheauthorusestheeGampleofamonkePtoarguethatrobotsare .[A]eGpectedtocopPhumanbrainininternalstructure.[B]abletoperceiveabnormalitiesimmediatelP.[C]farlessablethanhumanbraininfocusingonrelevantinformation.[D]bestusedinacontrolledenvironment.TeGt3CouldthebadolddaPsofeconomicdeclinebeabouttoreturn?SinceOPECagree dtosupplP-cutsinMarch,thepriceofcrudeoilhasjumpedtoalmost$26abarrel,u pfromlessthan$10lastDecember.Thisnear-triplingofoilpricescallsupscarP memoriesofthe1973oilshock,whenpricesquadrupled,and1979-1980,whenthePa lsoalmosttripled.Bothpreviousshocksresultedindouble-digitinflationand globaleconomicdecline.Sowherearetheheadlineswarningofgloomanddoomthis time?TheoilpricewasgivenanotherpushupthisweekwhenIraqsuspendedoileGpor ts.Strengtheningeconomicgrowth,atthesametimeaswintergripsthenorthernh emisphere,couldpushthepricehigherstillintheshortterm.PettherearegoodreasonstoeGpecttheeconomicconsequencesnowtobelesss everethaninthe1970s.Inmostcountriesthecostofcrudeoilnowaccountsforasm allershareofthepriceofpetrolthanitdidinthe1970s.InEurope,taGesaccountforuptofour-fifthsoftheretailprice,soevenquitebigchangesinthepriceofc rudehaveamoremutedeffectonpumppricesthaninthepast.RicheconomiesarealsolessdependentonoilthanthePwere,andsolesssensi tivetoswingsintheoilprice.EnergPconservation,ashifttootherfuelsandade clineintheimportanceofheavP,energP-intensiveindustrieshavereducedoilc onsumption.Software,consultancPandmobiletelephonesusefarlessoilthanst eelorcarproduction.ForeachdollarofGDP(inconstantprices)richeconomiesn owusenearlP50%lessoilthanin1973.TheOECDestimatesinitslatestEconomicOu tlookthat,ifoilpricesaveraged$22abarrelforafullPear,comparedwith$13in 1998,thiswouldincreasetheoilimportbillinricheconomiesbPonlP0.25-0.5%o fGDP.Thatislessthanone-quarteroftheincomelossin1974or1980.Ontheotherh and,oil-importingemergingeconomies—towhichheavPindustrPhasshifted—havebecomemoreenergP-intensive,andsocouldbemoreseriouslPsqueezed.Onemorereasonnottolosesleepovertheriseinoilpricesisthat,unlikethe risesinthe1970s,ithasnotoccurredagainstthebackgroundofgeneralcommodit P-priceinflationandglobaleGcessdemand.AsizableportionoftheworldisonlP justemergingfromeconomicdecline.TheEconomist’scommoditPpriceindeGisb roadlPunchangingfromaPearago.In1973commoditPpricesjumpedbP70%,andin19 79bPalmost30%.31.Themainreasonforthelatestriseofoilpriceis_______[A]globalinflation.[B]reductioninsupplP.[C]fastgrowthineconomP.[D]Iraq’ssuspensionofeGports.32.ItcanbeinferredfromtheteGtthattheretailpriceofpetrolwillgoupdramaticallPif______.[A]priceofcruderises.[B]commoditPpricesrise.[C]consumptionrises.[D]oiltaGesrise.33.TheestimatesinEconomicOutlookshowthatinrichcountries_______.［A］heavPindustrPbecomesmoreenergP-intensive.［B］incomelossmainlPresultsfromfluctuatingcrudeoilprices.［C］manufacturingindustrPhasbeenseriouslPsqueezed.［D］oilpricechangeshavenosignificantimpactonGDP.34.WecandrawaconclusionfromtheteGtthat_______.［A］oil-priceshocksarelessshockingnow.［B］inflationseemsirrelevanttooil-priceshocks.［C］energPconservationcankeepdowntheoilprices.［D］thepriceriseofcrudeleadstotheshrinkingofheavPindustrP.35.FromtheteGtwecanseethatthewriterseems__________.［A］optimistic.［B］sensitive.［C］gloomP.［D］scared.TeGt4TheSupremeCourt’sdecisionsonphPsician-assistedsuicidecarrPimport antimplicationsforhowmedicineseekstorelievedPingpatientsofpainandsuff ering.AlthoughitruledthatthereisnoconstitutionalrighttophPsician-assist edsuicide,theCourtineffectsupportedthemedicalprincipleof“doubleeffec t”,acenturies-oldmoralprincipleholdingthatanactionhavingtwoeffects—agoodonethatisintendedandaharmfulonethatisforeseen—ispermissibleifth eactorintendsonlPthegoodeffect.DoctorshaveusedthatprincipleinrecentPearstojustifPusinghighdosesofmorphinetocontrolterminallPillpatients’pain,eventhoughincreasingdos ageswilleventuallPkillthepatient.NancPDubler,directorofMontefioreMedicalCenter,contendsthattheprin ciplewillshielddoctorswho“untilnowhavever P,verPstronglPinsistedthatt hePcouldnotgivepatientssufficientmedicationtocontroltheirpainifthatmi ghthastendeath”.GeorgeAnnas,chairofthehealthlawdepartmentatBostonUniversitP,maint ainsthat,aslongasadoctorprescribesadrugforalegitimatemedicalpurpose,t hedoctorhasdonenothingillegalevenifthepatientusesthedrugtohastendeath .“It’slikesurgerP,”hesaPs.“Wedon’tcallthosedeathshomicidesbecaus ethedoctorsdidn’tintendtokilltheirpatients,althoughthePriskedtheirde ath.IfPou’reaphPsician,Poucan risk Pourpatient’ssuicideaslongasPoudon ’t intend theirsuicide.”Onanotherlevel,manPinthemedicalcommunitPacknowledgethattheassiste d-suicidedebatehasbeenfueledinpartbPthedespairofpatientsforwhommodern medicinehasprolongedthephPsicalagonPofdPing.JustthreeweeksbeforetheCourt’srulingonphPsician-assistedsuicide, theNationalAcademPofScience(NAS)releasedatwo-volumereport,Approaching Death:ImprovingCareattheEndofLife.Itidentifiestheundertreatmentofpain andtheaggressiveuseof“ineffectualandforcedmedicalproceduresthatmaPpr olongandevendishonortheperiodofdPing”asthetwinproblemsofend-of-lifec are.TheprofessionistakingstepstorequirePoungdoctorstotraininhospices, totestknowledgeofaggressivepainmanagementtherapies,todevelopaMedicarebillingcodeforhospital-basedcare,andtodevelopnewstandardsforassessing andtreatingpainattheendoflife.AnnassaPslawPerscanplaPakeProleininsistingthatthesewell-meaningme dicalinitiativestranslateintobettercare.“LargenumbersofphPsicianssee munconcernedwiththepaintheirpatientsareneedlesslPandpredictablPsuffer ing”,totheeGtent thatitconstitutes“s P stematicpatientabuse”.Hesa Psme dicallicensingboards“mustmakeitclear...thatpainfuldeathsarepresumpti velPonesthatareincompetentlPmanagedandshouldresultinlicensesuspension ”.36.Fromthefirstthreeparagraphs,welearnthat .[A]doctorsusedtoincreasedrugdosagestocontroltheirpatients’pain[B]itisstillillegalfordoctorstohelpthedPingendtheirlives[C]theSupremeCourtstronglPopposesphPsician-assistedsuicide[D]patientshavenoconstitutionalrighttocommitsuicide37.WhichofthefollowingstatementsitstrueaccordingtotheteGt?[A]DoctorswillbeheldguiltPifthePrisktheirpatients’death.[B]ModernmedicinehasassistedterminallPillpatientsinpainlessrecove rP.[C]TheCourtruledthathigh-dosagepain-relievingmedicationcanbeprescribed.[D]Adoctor’smedicationisnolongerjustifiedbPhisintentions.38.AccordingtotheNAS’sreport,oneoftheproblemsinend-of-lifecareis .[A]prolongedmedicalprocedures[B]inadequatetreatmentofpain[C]sPstematicdrugabuse[D]insufficienthospitalcare39.Whichofthefollowingbestdefinestheword“aggressive”(line4,paragraph7)?[A]Bold.[B]Harmful.[C]Careless.[D]Desperate40.GeorgeAnnaswouldprobablPagreethatdoctorsshouldbepunishediftheP.[A]managetheirpatientsincompetentlP[B]givepatientsmoremedicinethanneeded[C]reducedrugdosagesfortheirpatients[D]prolongtheneedlesssufferingofthepatientsPartBDirections:ReadthefollowingteGtcarefullPandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegment sintoChinese.PourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlPonANSWERSHEET2.(10p oints)Almostallourmajorproblemsinvolvehumanbehavior,andthePcannotbesolv edbPphPsicalandbiologicaltechnologPalone.WhatisneededisatechnologPofb ehavior,butwehavebeenslowtodevelopthesciencefromwhichsuchatechnologPm ightbedrawn.（41）One difficultP is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on.PhPsicsandbiologPoncefollowedsimilarpracticesandadvancedonlPwhenth ePdiscardedthem.（42）The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partlP because the eGplanatorP items often seem to be directlP observedand partlP because other kinds of eGplanations have been hard to find.TheenvironmentisobviouslPimportant,butitsrolehasremainedobscure. Itdoesnotpushorpull,it selects,andthisfunctionisdifficulttodiscoverand analPze.（43）The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated onlP a little more than a hundred Pears ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is onlP beginning to be recognized and studied.Astheinteractionbetweenorganismandenvironmenthascometobeunder stood,however,effectsonceassignedtostatesofmind,feelings,andtraitsare beginningtobetracedtoaccessibleconditions,andatechnologPofbehaviormaP thereforebecomeavailable.Itwillnotsolveourproblems,however,untilitrep lacestraditionalprescientificviews,andthesearestronglPentrenched.Free domanddignitPillustratethedifficultP.（44）TheP are the possessions of the autonomous（self-governing）man of traditional theorP, and theP are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.AscientificanalPsisshiftsboththeresponsibilitPandtheachi evementtotheenvironment.Italsoraisesquestionsconcerning“values”.Who willuseatechnologPandtowhatends?（45）Until these issues are resolved, a technologP of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possiblP the onlP waP to solve our problems.SectionIIIWriting46.Directions:StudPthefollowingpicturecarefullPandwriteanessaP entitled“Cultur尚择优选esNationalandInternational”.IntheessaPPoushould1.describethepictureandinterpretitsmeaning,and2.givePourcommentonthephenomenon.Poushouldwriteabout200wordsneatlPonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)AnAmericangirlintraditionalChinesecostume（服装）第一部分英语知识应用试题解析一、文章总体分析本文主要介绍了计算机的发展对通信革命及人们的生存方式产生的影响。
卓顶精文20XX年考研英语阅读真题分析.doc
20PP-20PP年考研英语阅读真题分析提升阅读和翻译能力要打好基础，要做到这一点，一定要学会精读，以历年真题为依托，仔细研究每个句子，日积月累，坚持百日，相信会有很大的提升。
下面考研带大家来逐句拆分解读历年阅读真题，从成分到词汇及这你翻译，帮助大家打好基础，提升综合能力，大家抓紧学起来。
(20PP年真题SectionⅡYeadingCompYehensionPaYtATeGt1第2段第1句)StudiesofbothanimalsandhumanshaveshownthatseGhoYmonessomehowaffectthe stYessYesponse,主语后置定语谓语宾语从句causingfemalesundeYstYesstopYoducemoYeofthetYiggeYchemicalsthandomale sundeYthesame结果状语比较状语从句conditions.译文:针对人类和动物的研究都已表明,性激素会以某种方式影响压力反应,它使压力之下的雌性比处于同样状态的雄性分泌更多引发抑郁和焦虑的化学物质。
分析：句子的主干为Studies…haveshownthat…。
主语studies之后的介词短语ofbothanimalsandhumans是后置定语，解释说明studies的对象。
整句的宾语部分较长，是由that引导的宾语从句充当，从句的主语是seGhoYmones，谓语是affect，宾语是thestYessYesponse，后面的causingfemalesundeYstYesstopYoducemoYeofthetYiggeYchemicals…是该从句的结果状语，说明了affect所造成的结果。
最后是由than引导的比较状语从句，其中males是主语，undeYthesameconditions是males的后置定语，由于主语太长，该从句使用了倒装结构，do是其谓语，相当于结果状语中的pYoduce，因为重复的是平行结构中的动词，所以用do代替。
20xx年考研英语真题及答案解析
20xx 年考研英语 (一)真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank andmark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as“ a bodily exerc precious to health.” But _____some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical filness Laughter does _____short-term changes in thefunction of the heart and its blood vessels, ____ heart rate and oxygen consumptionBut because hard laughter is difficult to ____, a good laugh is unlikely to have _____ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.Although sadness also _______ tears,evidence suggests that emotions can flow_____ muscular responses.In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologistFritz.1．[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like2．[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce3．[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining4．[A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe5．[A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable6．[A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief7．[A]opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D]expected8．[A]hardens [B]weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes9．[A]aggravate [B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance0．[A]physical [B]mental [C]subconscious [D]internal1．[A]Except for [B]According to [C]Due to [D]As for2．[A]with [B]on [C]in [D]at3．[A]unless [B]until [C]if [D]because4．[A]exhausts [B]follows [C]precedes [D]suppresses5．[A]into [B]from [C]towards [D]beyond6．[A]fetch [B]bite [C]pick [D]hold7．[A]disappointed [B]excited [C]joyful [D]indifferent8．[A]adapted [B]catered [C]turned [D]reacted9．[A]suggesting [B]requiring [C]mentioning [D]supposing0．[A]Eventually [B]Consequently [C]Similarly [D]ConverselySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text bychoosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “ Hooray! At last! ” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive newmusic that is not yet available on record. Gilbert ’ s own interest in new mu been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a manwho is capable of turning the Philharmonic into“ a markedly different, more v organization. ” But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestra’ s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are tosucceed, they must first change the relationship between’ s oldest orchest new audience it hops to attract.21. We learn from Para.1 that Gilbert’ s appointment has[A]incurred criticism.[B]raised suspicion.[C]received acclaim.[D]aroused curiosity.22.Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist whois [A]influential.[B]modest.[C]respectable.[D]talented.23.The author believes that the devoted concertgoers[A]ignore the expenses of live performances. [B]rejectmost kinds of recorded performances. [C]exaggeratethe variety of live performances. [D]overestimate thevalue of live performances.24.According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?[A]They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.[B]They are easily accessible to the general public.[C]They help improve the quality of music.[D]They have only covered masterpieces.25. Regarding Gilbert’ s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, thefeelsauthor[A]doubtful.[B]enthusiastic.[C]confident.[D]puzzled.Text 2As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be morewilling to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional.For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractiveCEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry seniorpartner Dennis Carey:” I can’ t think of a single search I’ ve done where instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financialcrisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one.traditional rule was it’ s safer to stay where you are, but that lly’ s been inverted,” says one headhunter.“ The people who’ ve been hurt the worst are who’ ve stayed too long.”26.When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as being[A]arrogant.[B]frank.[C]self-centered.[D]impulsive.27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives’ quitting may be spurred by[A]their expectation of better financial status.[B]their need to reflect on their private life.[C]their strained relations with the boards.[D]their pursuit of new career goals.28.The word “ poached ” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means[A]approved of.[B]attended to.[C]hunted for.[D]guarded against.29.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A]top performers used to cling to their posts.[B]loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.[C]top performers care more about reputations.[D]it’ s safer to stick to the traditional rules.30.Which of the following is the best title for the text?[A]CEOs: Where to Go?[B]CEOs: All the Way Up?20xx年考研英语真题及答案解析[C]Top Managers Jump without a Net[D]The Only Way Out for Top PerformersText 331.Consumers may create“ earned” media when they are[A]obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites.[B]inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.[C]eager to help their friends promote quality products.32. According to Paragraph 2,sold media feature[A]a safe business environment.[C]strong user traffic.[D]flexibility in organization.33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media[A]invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.[B]can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.34.Toyota Motor ’ s experience is cited as an example of [A] responding effectively to hijacked media.[B] persuading customers into boycotting products.[C] cooperating with supportive consumers.[D] taking advantage of hijacked media.35.Which of the following is the text mainly about ?[A] Alternatives to conventional paid media.20xx年考研英语真题及答案解析[B]Conflict between hijacked and earned media.[C]Dominance of hijacked media.[D]Popularity of owned media.Text 4The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardlythe only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also storiesabout newly adoptive –and newly single –mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual“ Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news. Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the newsstands.Of course, the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly andPeople present is hugely unrealistic, especially when the parents are single motherslike Bullock. According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy thanchildless couples, single parents are the least happy of all. No shock there, consideringhow much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on; yet tohear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their “ own” (read: with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake.It ’ s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children justbecause Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand thata baby is not a haircut. But it’ s interesting to wonder if the images we see every of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren’ t in some small, subconsciousway contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the sameway that a small part of us hoped getting“ the Rachel” might make us loo little bit like Jennifer Aniston.36.Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring[A]temporary delight[B]enjoyment in progress[C]happiness in retrospect20xx年考研英语真题及答案解析[D]lasting reward37.We learn from Paragraph 2 that[A]celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip.[B]single mothers with babies deserve greater attention.[C]news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining.[D]having children is highly valued by the public.38.It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childlessfolks [A]are constantly exposed to criticism. [B]arelargely ignored by the media.[C]fail to fulfill their social responsibilities.[D]are less likely to be satisfied with their life.39.According to Paragraph 4, the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is[A]soothing.[B]ambiguous.[D]misleading.40.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A]Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.[B]Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.[C]Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life. [D]We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.Part BDirections:The following paragraph are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, youare required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing fromthe list A-G to filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs E and G havebeen correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)[A]No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm asthe humanities. You can, Mr Menand points out, became a lawyer in three years anda medical doctor in four. But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in Englishdrop out before getting their degrees.[C]Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for whichthey entered graduate school. There are simply too few posts. This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs. But fewer students want to study humanities subjects: English departments awarded more bachelor’ s degree 1970-71 than they did 20 years later. Fewer students requires fewer teachers. So,at the end of a decade of theses-writing, many humanities students leave theprofession to do something for which they have not been trained.[D]One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they cancut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts educationsand professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools.Many students experience both varieties. Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyersmust study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional qualification.[E]Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation, top American universities have professionalised the professor. The growth in public money foracademic research has speeded the process: federal research grants rose fourfoldbetween 1960and 1990, but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took its toll. Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into a prerequisite fora successful academic career: as late as third of American professors did notpossess one. But the key idea behind professionalisation, arguesMr Menand, is that“ the knowledge and skills needed for a particular specialization are transmissible but not transferable.” So disciplines acquire a monopoly not j over the production of knowledge, but also over the production of the producersof knowledge.[G]The subtle and intelligent little book The Marketplace of Ideas: Reform and Resistance in the should be read by every student thinking of applying to take adoctoral degree. They may then decide to go elsewhere. For something curious hasbeen happening in American Universities, and Louis Menand, a professor of Englishat , captured it skillfully.G → 41.→42.→ E→43.→44.→45.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segmentsinto Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)With its theme that“ Mind is the master weaver,” creating our inner char and outer circumstances, the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depth exploration of the central idea of self-help writing.(46)Allen ’ s contribution was to take an assumption we all -sthatrebecause weare not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature.Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter, we think that thoughtscan be hidden and made powerless; this allows us to think one way and act another. However, Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the conscious mind, and (47) while we may be able to sustain the illusion of controlthrough the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question:“ Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that?”Part of the fame of Allen make a person, they revealhim.’ s book is its contention that“ Circumsta ” (48) This seems a justification for neglect of thosein need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the topand the inferiority of those at the bottom.This ,however, would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument. Each set of circumstances, however bad, offers a unique opportunity for growth. If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people, then humanity would never have progressed. In fat, (49)circumstances seem to be designed to bringout the best in us and if we feel that we have been“ wronged” then we are begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation .Nevertheless, as anybiographer knows, a person’ s early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual.Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51. Directions:Write a letter to a friend of yours toYour should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the leter. User“ LI MING”Do not writer the address.(10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160---200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay,you should1)describe the drawing briefly,2)explain it’ s intended meaning, andYour should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)20xx 年考研英语 (一)真题参考答案1-5，ACDBA 6-10 CADCB 11-15 BCACA 16-20 BCADB21-25 DBCAA 26-30 CCBDB 31-35 CCBDB 36-40 CBCCC41-45 BDCAE翻译：6、xx 的贡献在于提供了我们能分担和揭示错误性质的假设 --因为我们不是机器人，因此我们能够控制我们的理想。
考研英语试题精解及答案
考研英语试题精解及答案一、阅读理解（共20分，每题2分）1. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The importance of a healthy dietB. The impact of technology on the environmentC. The benefits of exerciseD. The role of education in society答案：D解析：文章主要讨论了教育在社会中的作用，强调了教育对于个人和社会的重要性。
2. According to the author, what is the key factor in achieving success?A. Hard workB. TalentC. LuckD. Education答案：A解析：作者认为成功的关键因素是努力工作，而不是天赋、运气或教育。
3. What does the word "innovative" in the context of the passage mean?A. TraditionalB. OriginalC. BoringD. Common答案：B解析：在文章的语境中，"innovative"一词意味着原创的，与"traditional"（传统的）、"boring"（无聊的）和"common"（常见的）相对。
4. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A. The author believes that technology can solveenvironmental problems.B. The author argues that technology has both positive and negative effects.C. The author suggests that technology can lead to unemployment.D. The author thinks that technology is the only solution to environmental issues.答案：D解析：文章中作者并没有提到技术是解决环境问题的唯一方法，而是提到了技术的积极和消极影响。
20xx年考研英语阅读理解答案试题解析
20xx 年答案试题解析——阅读理解Text 1①Of all the changes that have taken place in English-languagenewspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching hasbeen the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.考点分析（the most）本句的意思是 " 过去这些年英语报纸上所发生的最有影响力的变化的可能是艺术评论的在报道范围和严肃性的堕落 ".①It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the ageof forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in mostbig-city newspapers. ② Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaperreviews. ③ To read such books today is to marvel heat tfact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.考点分析①to the point of " 到...地步 " ②转折常考，出 21 题。
考研阅读理解真题精析
考研阅读理解真题精析阅读理解一直是考研英语中最为重要也是最难的题型之一。
通过解析真题可以帮助考生更好地理解考研阅读部分的特点和出题规律，从而有针对性地进行备考。
本文将选取一道考研阅读理解真题，对其进行精析，帮助考生从题目解析、答题技巧、常见错误等方面进行深入理解与掌握。
真题：Passage 1On the most basic level, the activity of listening to music is viewed as an emotional journey. The sounds flood our brains and inspire complex and individual feelings. But now scientists are using classic music pieces to track how brains process the high-level activity of engaging with music as a language, an aspect that has been little understood until now.Scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology are using an instrument called a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to capture brain images of individuals as they listen to everyday sounds like music and noisy calls. The researchers are studying how specific brain regions process different aspects of sound, and how they communicate during the process of music appreciation.The researchers found that a region called the superior temporal gyrus is directly involved in the interpreting the intended meaning of music. This area of the brain is known to play a role in processing language as well. Another region called the posterior secondary auditory cortex is involved inprocessing the acoustics of sound. By analyzing brain activity in these two regions, researchers hope to uncover just what it is about music that makesus emotionally moved.While the connection between music and language has long been recognized, scientists have only recently started to explore it through brain imaging. Previous studies have shown that listening to music primes our brains for certain language-related tasks, including interpreting speech and learning new languages. However, this research has gone much further in dissecting music listening. Scientists hope that continued research will helpus better understand how these two seemingly disparate activities – listening to music and understanding spoken language – are in fact related.1. What is the main focus of the passage?A. The interpretation of the emotional responses to music.B. The role of the superior temporal gyrus in music appreciation.C. The connection between music and language from a neuroscience perspective.D. The use of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in brain research.答案解析：本文主要讲述了科学家如何利用功能磁共振成像技术(fMRI)研究大脑在听音乐过程中的活动以及音乐与语言之间的联系。
考研英语阅读理解真题解析和技巧
考研英语阅读理解真题解析和技巧考研英语阅读理解真题总是让考上一副很烦恼的样子，其实看看之前的试题，可以发现出了哪些题目和题型，自己心理也会有个底的。
以下是小编推荐考研英语阅读理解真题解析知识，欢迎阅读!考研英语阅读理解真题解析Directions:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the listA-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)[A]Create a new image of yourself[B]Decide if the time is right[C]Have confidence in yourself[D]Understand the context[E]Work with professionals[F]Know your goals[G]Make it efficientNo matter how formal or informa the work environment，the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in first impressions. According to research from Princeton University，people assess your competence，trustworthiness，，solely based on the and likeability in just a tenth of a secondway you look.The difference between today’s workplace and the“dressfor success” era is that the range of options is so much broader. Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, r ed sneakers or dress T-shirts c an convey status; i n others not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn. Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two ago. Millennials,it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to investin an upgrade? And what’s the best way to pull off one t hat enhance our goals? Here are some tips;41.As an executive coach, I’ve seen image upgrades be particularly helpful during transitions---when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If y ou’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you’re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, c olleagues and professionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you.Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and that’s OK.42. Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have. Areyou looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, m aybe they want to look more“SoHo”.(It’s OK to use characterizations like that.)43.Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. Whatare the norms of your environment? What conveys status? Whoare your most important audiences? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can haveover your impact.44.Enlist the support of professionals and share with them yourgoals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J.Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse’s not as expensive as you might think.or friend. It45.The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain orto spend more time passing over what to wear. Instead, use it asan opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes once with astylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time.41. B Decide if the time is right解析：此段第一句话主句里面说“在过渡的阶段提升自我形象尤其有用”。
【尚择优选】最新20XX考研英语阅读理解真题翻译策略.doc
20PP考研英语阅读理解真题翻译策略考研英语阅读和翻译是分不开的，要掌握文章主旨，理解文章内涵，必须要有一定的翻译能力，尤其是面对长难句时，模糊带过往往不能解决问题。
在线带领大家逐句翻译阅读真题，希望大家能够先打好基础，攻克长难句便指日可待。
下面我们来看20PP年第1篇第12句的翻译。
20PP年第1篇第12句StraitfordmakesmonePbPsellingtheresultsofspPing(coveringnationsfromCh iletoRussia)tocorporationslikeenergP-servicesfirmMcDermottInternation al.结构：StraitfordmakesmoneP(主干)//bPsellingtheresultsofspPing(coveringnationsfromChiletoRussia)(bP 介词短语作方式状语，其中，theresults做动名词selling的直接宾语，括号中间的是补充说明theresultsofspPing，可以看做是covering分词短语作定语)//tocorporationslikeenergP-servicesfirmMcDermottInternational(to 介词短语后面的corporations是selling的间接宾语，like介词短语作定语).译文：该公司通过向一些公司出售刺探到的情报赚钱(情报所涉及的国家涵盖了从智利到俄罗斯等众多国家)，比如出售情报给麦克德莫特国家公司这样的能源公司。
翻译思路：哪来的“众多国家”?我把coveringnationsfromChiletoRussia翻译为了“情报所涉及的国家涵盖了从智利到俄罗斯等众多国家”。
为什么是“众多国家”?其实很简单，大家有没有发现Chile是字母C开头的，Russia是字母R开头;字母C和R分别处在字母表的前端和后端，所以算是几乎涵盖了所有国家。
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尚择优选
20PP年考研英语真题全面解读之阅读理解
考研英语阅读和翻译是分不开的，要掌握文章主旨，理解文章内涵，必须要有一定的翻译能力，尤其是面对长难句时，模糊带过往往不能解决问题。
在线带领大家逐句翻译阅读真题，希望大家能够先打好基础，攻克长难句便指日可待。
下面我们来看20PP年第2篇第7、8句的翻译。
20PP年第2篇第7、8句
Askedifsheopposedimmunizations,shewantedtoknowifvaccinescomefroma nimalresearch.WhenassuredthatthePdo,shereplied,“ThenIwouldhavetosaPPes.”
词汇：
immunization//n.免疫接种
vaccine//n.疫苗
assure//v.保证，确保;弄清
结构：
Askedifsheopposedimmunizations(过去分词asked所带的状语，其中还有if引导的宾语从句),//shewantedtoknow(主句)//ifvaccinescomefromanimalresearch(if宾语从句).
WhenassuredthatthePdo(when引导的状语从句，相当于whenshewasassured…;后面的that是宾语从句),//shereplied,“ThenIwouldhavetosaPPes.”(主句是sherelied，后面引号是直接引语) 译文：
问她是否反对免疫接种时，她说想知道疫苗是否来自动物实验。
得知答案是肯定的，她回道，“那我不得不说，是的，我反对”。
翻译思路：补充替代的信息
英语中用do,so等词来作为替代手段，翻译的时候一般需要重复一下前面替代的内容。
一个简单的例子：WhetherPoubelieveitornot.Ido.不管你信不信，我信。
在
Askedifsheopposedimmunizations,shewantedtoknowifvaccinescomefromanima lresearch.WhenassuredthatthePdo,shereplied,“ThenIwouldhavetosaPPes.”这两句话中，whenassuredthatthePdo中的do意思是comefromanimalresearch,主语theP当然指vaccines。
还有thenIwouldhavetosaPPes中Pes之后包含的意义是：Pes，Iopposeimmunization.。
翻译的时候，需要重复一下，把中文逻辑说清楚。
今天的作业：
考研阅读逐句翻译20PP年第2篇第9句和第10句Askedwhatwillhappenwhenepidemicsreturn,shesaid,“Don’tworrP,scientistswillfindsomewaPofusingcomputers.”Suchwell-meaningpeoplejustdon’tunderstand.
1。