高中英语定语从句
高中英语:定语从句专项讲解
高中英语:定语从句专项讲解【基础回顾】考点归纳:定语从句在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
1.关系代词引导的定语从句2.关系副词引导的定语从句3.判断关系代词与关系副词4.限制性和非限制性定语从句5.介词+关系词6.as, which 非限定性定语从句7.关系代词that 的用法一、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1、who, whom, that限定性定语从句中的关系代词作主语作宾语作定语指人who/that whom/that(可省略) whose指物which/that which/that(可省略) whose指人和物that that whose非限定性定语从句中的关系代词作主语作宾语作定语指人who whom whose/of whom指物which which whose/of which特殊情况:只能用that的情况,先行词为everything,all,little,much等不定代词时;先行词被all,every,no,any,some,little,much,one修饰时;先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时;先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时;先行词是be的表语或there be 的主语时;先行词有人又有物时;当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。
不能用that的情况介词前置时;非限定性定语从句中先行词本身是that多用who,不用that的情况。
先行词为anyone,one,ones时;先行词为those,he和people时;这些词代替指人,whom在定语从句中指人,"who"和“that”既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略,who作宾语变为whom),that可以指人也可以指物, who不可指物。
高中英语语法定语从句总结全
高中英语定语从句详解Ⅰ、概念:(1) 定语从句:在主从复合句中用作定语得从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。
(2) 先行词:被定语从句修饰得成份。
先行词可以为一个词,短语,或整个主句。
(3)引导定语从句得词叫关系词,分为关系代词与关系副词。
关系词得作用:1) 引导定语从句,连接主句与从句,相当于一个连词;2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语)常用得关系代词: that、which、who、whom、whose,当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时,关系代词可以省略。
常用得关系副词(在从句中只作状语): when(时间状语)、why(原因状语)、whe re(地点状语)可以修饰人得关系代词:that, who,whom,whose可以修饰事得关系代词:that, which, as,whose,The student who answered the question was John、Iknow thereasonwhy he wasso angry、The boy (whom) you are talkingto is mybrother、I'd like a roomwhose window facesthe sea、定语从句三步:第一找出先行词;第二瞧先行词在定语从句中得语法功能(做主语、宾语、表语或状语);第三选择合适得关系词。
Ⅱ、几个关系代词得基本用法:●that:可指人或物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。
(指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句;不可置于介词后作宾语) 如:1、A letterthat/which is written in pencil is difficult to read、(主语)2、Do you know the gentleman that/whospoke just now?3、You can takeanything ( that)you like、(宾语)4、Whatis thequestion(that/which) they aretalking about?5、Hereis theman (who/whom/that) you want tosee、6、She's no longerthe girl( that) sheused to be before、(表语)7、Ourhometown isno longer theone (that)it usedto be、(=Our hometown isnot the same as it used tobe、= Our hometown is differentfrom what itusedtobe。
高中英语定语从句的讲解
定语从句考点透析1. 定语从句顾名思义就是起修饰限定作用的句子, 故又称形容词性从句。
同其它从句相比较,其引导词本身在从句中充当一定的成分,这是学习定语从句的一个关键点, 例如:当that引导定语从句时,通常用作关系代词,而引导名词性从句时,是个不充当任何成分的连接词,宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略。
2. 关系词:that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why2.1关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中做主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
2.1.1 who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中做主语和宾语。
whom在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略, 并在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替。
例如:Is he the man who/that wants to see you? (who/that在从句中做主语)He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.(whom/that在从句中作宾语)Mr Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.2.1.2 whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换)。
例如:We all helped the student whose father is a teacher.Please pass me the book whose (of which)cover is green.2.1.3 which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可做主语、宾语等, 做宾语时常可省略。
例如:Football is a game which/that is liked by most boys.The factory which / that makes computers is far away from here.This is the pen ( which/that ) he bought yesterday.The season that / which comes after spring is summer.2.2 关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词在从句中作状语,表示时间、地点或理由。
高中英语定语从句详解
高中英语定语从句详解高中英语定语从句详解定语从句主要用于修饰句子中的名词、代词或上文提到的一件事(句子)。
而定语从句的位置常常是紧跟在被修饰的名词、代词或句子的后面。
在被修饰的名词、代词(先行词)与定语从句之间往往有一个关系词将其前后两部分联系成一个整体。
关系词与后面的句子合称定语从句。
1)three signs that indicate a person is suffering from a heart attack三种意味着一个人患心脏病的迹象在这个带有定语从句的短语中:signs是:被修饰的名词;that是:关系词;that indicate a person is suffering from a heart attack是定语从句2)those who drink a lot 那些大量饮酒的人在这个带有定语从句的短语中:those是:被修饰的代词;who是:关系词;who drink a lot是:定语从句。
3)Do you know the name of that girl whose brother is your roommate ?你知道她的哥哥与你同寝室的那位女孩的名字吗?通过上面的演示,我们可以归纳出:(1)定语从句在英语中放在被修饰的词后,翻译成汉语时置于被修饰的词之前,且有汉字“的”(2)定语从句在句子中的位置、结构如下:被修饰的名词/ 代词+ 关系词+ 句子(其中,"被修饰的名词/代词"在语法叫作"先行词".) 要点提示:1)先行词=关系词。
所以先行词在从句中不在出现。
先行词的意义以及它在从句中的语法功能(句子成分)决定关系词的选择。
定语从句中的关系词只有两类:关系代词和关系副词;所有关系词不但都有具体的意义而且都在从句中担任一定的成分。
1)关系代词:who , whom , whose , which , that 等。
高中英语:定语从句
高中英语:定语从句高中英语:定语从句Ⅰ.概念:(1) 定语从句:在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面。
(2) 先行词:被定语从句修饰的成份。
先行词可以为一个词,短语,或整个主句。
(3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词,分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词的作用:1) 引导定语从句,连接主句和从句,相当于一个连词;2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语)常用的关系代词: that、 which、 who、whom、as , 在从句中作主语,宾语,whose在从句中作定语)常用的关系副词(在从句中只作状语): when、why、 whereThe student who answered the question was John.I know the reason why he was so angry.The boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother.I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.定语从句三步:第一找出先行词;第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法作用(做主语、宾语或状语);第三选择合适的关系词。
Ⅱ. 几个关系代词的基本用法:●that: 可指人或物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。
(指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which)(不用于非限制性定语从句; 不可置于介词后作宾语) 如:1. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now?2. You can take anything ( that) you like.3. What is the question (that/which) they are talking about?4. Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see.5. She's no longer the girl ( that) she used to be before.●which: 指物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语,定语。
高中英语语法复习——定语从句(共45张ppt)
2、先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词或 者代词叫做先行词。定语从句通常 置于它所修饰的成分之后。
eg: The boy who is playing basketball is my younger brother.
3、关系词:引导定语从句的关联词就叫关系 词。
A. 把从句和主句中被修饰的先行词连接在 一起.
2. I think the day will finally come______ air pollution can be put under control. A. that B. which C. when D. as
3. This is the store______ we visited the famous shop assistant. A. where B. there C. that D. which
结构分析: 系词所指代的先行词在句中作 know的宾语。
4. I don’t like the way _____ you speak to her. A. / B. that C. in which D. all A, B and C
特别注意!(5)
在实践中会遇到很多形似定语从句的句子,要 注意定语从句与其它从句的结构上的细微差别, 能够正确区分使用它们.
couldn’t be found.
A. that
B.where C. in which D. in that
The places couldn’t be found.可知关 系词所指代的先行词在句中作主语。
结构分析:
3. This is the reason ______ he has always been eager to know for these years. A. which B. why C. for which D. because He has always been eager to know the reason for these years.可知关
高中英语定语从句 (共43张PPT)
1 定语从句(二)
一、只使用that的情况:
7. 先行词为数词时。 Look at the books on the bookshelf. You can see the two that you bought me for my birthday. 瞧书架上那些书。你可以看到我过生日时你买的那两本。
a brave boya boy with Nhomakorabealasses
a boy who is brave and wearing glasses
3 定语从句
2. 什么成分可以作定语?
1.My brother likes playing basketball. 我兄弟喜欢打篮球。(代词作前置定语)
2.There are few women workers in the factory. 这个工厂女工很少。(形容词、名词作前置定语)
1
定语从句(二)
1 定语从句(二)
一、只使用that的情况:
1.先行词为all, few, little, much, the one, something, anything, everything, nothing等时。 We'll do all that we can to protect the endangered plants and animals. 我们将尽我们的最大努力来保护那些濒危的动植物。 There is much that I want to tell you. 我有很多想要告诉你的话。 Is there anything that I can do for you? 有什么我可以帮你的吗?
5.先行词指人或物且在定语从句中作定语,用whose或of whom/of which引导。 This is the scientist whose achievements are well known. = This is the scientist, of whom the achievements are well known. = This is the scientist, the achievements of whom are well known. This is the house whose window broke last night. = This is the house, of which the window broke last night. = This is the house, the window of which broke last night.
高中英语定语从句
高中英语定语从句
定语从句是英语语法中的一种句型,它用于描述一个名词或代词,并对其进行限定和修饰。
在高中英语中,定语从句常常出现在阅读材料和写作中,因此掌握定语从句的用法对于英语学习者非常重要。
以下是一些高中英语定语从句的基本规则和示例:
1.关系词:关系词是在定语从句中引导名词或代词的词语,如that、which、who、whose等。
关系词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。
例如:This is the book that I bought yesterday.(这本书是我昨天买的。
2.限制性定语从句:限制性定语从句是对先行词进行限定和修饰的从句,它与先行词关系密切,不用逗号隔开。
例如:I like the music that is soft and gentle.(我喜欢柔和的音乐。
) 3.非限制性定语从句:非限制性定语从句是对先行词进行补充说明的从句,它与先行词关系较松散,用逗号隔开。
例如:My sister, who is a doctor is on duty today.(我姐姐今天是值班医生。
)
4.as引导的定语从句:as可以作为关条词,引导定语人句,表示“正如、就像”等意思。
例如:As is known to all,the earth is round.(众所周知,地球是圆的。
)
总之,定语从句是高中英语学习中非常重要的一部分,需要学生熟练掌握其基本规则和用法,并在实际语境中灵活运用。
高考英语定语从句
高考英语定语从句
高考英语定语从句是高考考试中重要的语法知识点之一。
定语从句用来修饰名词或代词,限定或说明其特定的属性、特征或身份。
在考试中,经常会出现关于定语从句的题目,需要考生掌握该知识点并正确运用。
定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导,常见的关系代词有:that, which, who, whom, whose;关系副词有:where, when, why。
当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,通常可省略;而作
宾语或介词宾语时,不可省略。
定语从句的结构分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句是对前面的名词进行限定,如果去掉该定语从句,整个句子的意思会发生改变或不完整;非限制性定语从句是对前面的名词进行补充说明,如果去掉该定语从句,整个句子的意思仍然完整。
在使用定语从句时,需要注意一些常见的错误。
比如,关系代词的选择错误(如使用which作为人的关系代词),关系代词缺失(如出现两个连续的定语从句,第二个从句中省略关系代词),以及定语从句与先行词的不一致等。
要掌握定语从句的正确使用,需要多进行相关的练习和例句的分析。
培养整体理解句子的能力,了解句子之间的逻辑关系,以便正确判断定语从句的引导词和相应位置。
总之,定语从句是高考英语考试中的重要知识点,掌握好定语
从句的用法和规则,能够在考试中更加准确地理解和完成题目。
通过多做练习和积累例句,进一步加强对定语从句的掌握和运用,提高自己的语言表达能力。
高中英语定语从句
高中英语定语从句定语从句是英语语法中的一种重要句子结构,它用来修饰名词或代词。
在高中英语研究中,掌握定语从句的用法对于提高语言表达能力和阅读理解能力非常重要。
定语从句的引导词定语从句通常由引导词引导,常见的引导词有:- 关系代词:that, which, who, whom, whose- 关系副词:when, where, why关系代词一般用来引导修饰人或物的定语从句,关系副词用来引导修饰时间、地点或原因的定语从句。
定语从句的结构定语从句的结构通常是:引导词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 其他成分。
引导词在定语从句中充当连接词的作用,将定语从句与先行词(被修饰的名词或代词)连接起来。
定语从句的用法定语从句用来修饰名词或代词,使句子更加具体和详细。
它可以起到进一步解释、补充说明的作用。
例如:- The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.(我从图书馆借来的那本书非常有趣。
)这个例子中,定语从句“that I borrowed from the library”修饰先行词“book”,进一步说明了这本书的来源。
另外,在定语从句中,关系代词可以在从句中充当主语、宾语或补语的角色,关系副词可以在从句中充当状语的角色。
定语从句的注意事项在使用定语从句时,需要注意以下几点:1. 确定引导词的使用:根据被修饰词的情况选择合适的关系代词或关系副词。
2. 避免冗余和重复:定语从句的作用是对先行词进行补充说明,因此应避免与先行词重复或冗余。
3. 确定从句和主句的连贯性:定语从句与主句之间应保持逻辑和语法上的一致性,避免产生歧义或语法错误。
4. 注意引导词的位置:引导词通常位于从句的开头,但在特殊情况下也可以放在从句中的其他位置。
定语从句是高中英语语法的一个重要部分,它既可以帮助我们更好地理解阅读材料,也可以增强我们的写作能力。
希望通过学习和掌握定语从句的用法,能够提高自己的英语水平。
高中英语-定语从句讲解
一、定语从句概述定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、数词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任。
在句子中起定语作用的从句称为定语从句。
定语从句在句中的作用相当于形容词,故又称为形容词性从句。
被定语从句修饰的名词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
二关系词的用法。
关系词可分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词指代先行词,放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又充当定语从句中的某一种成分(主语、宾语、状语等)。
引导定语从句的关系代词有"at,who,whom,whose,which;关系副词有when,where,why等。
关系词在句子中的指代作用及成分如下表1.关系代词的用法(1)who, whom的用法二者都用于指人。
who在定语从句中作主语、宾语;whom在定语从句中作宾语。
在现代英语里,有时who也可代替whom在从句中作宾语。
作宾语的关系代词who,whom可以省略(介词后作宾语的关系代词除外)。
She was the one who did most of the talking。
大部分时间都是她在说话。
(作主语) The boy who I know studies best in his class.我认识的那个男孩在班上学习最好。
(作宾语)I happened to meet the professor (who/whom) I got to knowat a party. 我碰巧遇见了那位在一次聚会上认识的教授。
(作宾语,whom可用who 代替)whom在从句中作介词的宾语,且介词提到whom前面时,不能用who 代替。
Yesterday I came across a few friends with whom I went to the park.昨天我碰见了几个朋友,我和他们一起去了公园。
(句中的whom 不能用who 代替)whose可以指人也可以指物,在定语从句中作定语。
高中英语:定语从句语法总结
高中英语:定语从句语法总结定语从句必备知识1.定语从句在复合句中,修饰名词、代词或整个句子的从句叫作定语从句。
定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday.那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。
(定语从句作后置定语)2.先行词被定语从句所修饰的词或句子叫先行词,作先行词的可以是:(1)一个词(通常是名词,也可以是代词)This is the place which is worth visiting.这是值得参观的地方。
He laughs best who laughs last.谁笑到最后,谁笑得最好。
(2)一个短语Many life's problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve.许多以前可以通过询问家庭成员、朋友或者同事就能解决的生活问题,是现在的大家庭无力解决的。
(3)一个分句The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people have realized how diverse languages could be.希腊人认为,语言结构和思维过程之间存在着某种联系。
这一观点在人们尚未认识到语言的千差万别以前就早已在欧洲扎下了根。
(4)一个完整的句子I found an old man lying on the ground and I took him to hospital in a taxi immediately, which was why I was late that morning.我发现一个老人躺在马路上,我立即乘出租车把他送到了医院,这就是那天上午我迟到的原因。
高中英语从句大全
高中英语从句大全定语从句(Adjective Clauses)定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句。
它常常用来给出更多的信息,使句子更加具体明确。
在英语中,定语从句通常用关系代词或关系副词引导。
1. 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在从句中充当句子的主语、宾语或表语。
常用的关系代词有:that,which,who,whom,whose。
例如:- I have a friend who/that can play the guitar very well.(我有个朋友,他/她弹吉他弹得很好。
)- The book that/which I borrowed from the library is very interesting.(我从图书馆借的那本书非常有趣。
)- Is this the house whose windows are broken?(这是那个窗户被打碎的房子吗?)2. 关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词在从句中充当介词的宾语或在从句中表示时间、地点、原因等等的关系。
常用的关系副词有:when,where,why。
例如:- Do you remember the day when we first met?(你还记得我们第一次见面的那天吗?)- This is the school where I studied last year.(这是我去年上学的那所学校。
)- I don't know the reason why he didn't come to the party.(我不知道他为什么没来参加派对。
)宾语从句(Object Clauses)宾语从句是用来做动词的宾语的从句。
它起到进一步解释说明的作用。
在英语中,宾语从句通常由引导词来引导。
1. 引导词常用的宾语从句引导词有:that,whether,if,what,when,where,why,who,whom,whose,how等。
高中英语定语从句详解及习题精炼附答案
定语从句一、知识框架二、知识梳理一)定义(1) 定语从句:在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面。
(2) 先行词:被定语从句修饰的成份。
先行词可以为一个词,短语,或整个主句。
(3) 关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词,分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词的作用:1) 引导定语从句,连接主句和从句,相当于一个连词;2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语)关系代词(在从句中作主语,宾语,表语,宾补,定语): that、which、who、whom、whose、as关系副词(在从句中只作状语): when、why、where二)关系代词的用法在定语从句中关系代词起着连接主句与从句、指代先行词和在从句中作句子成分的三重作用。
关系代1. 关系代词who, whom和that的用法三者都可用于指代人,但在用法上存在差别。
who和whomwho可以代替人(即它的先行词必须是人),在从句中可以担任主语,往往也可以代替在从句中担任宾格的whom(常可省略)。
但它的前面不能有介词,如果带介词则必须用宾格whom,即“介词+whom”。
Johnny is a person who always has novel ideas.The girl who won the first prize is from Zhejiang.The person who/whom you just talked to is Mr Depp.= The person to whom you just talked is Mr Depp.We’ll go to the hospital to see the patients, most of whom are children.who和that在定语从句中who和that指代人时常可以通用,但在下列情况中只能用who,而不能用that。
(1)先行词是one, ones和anyone时,宜用who。
高中英语定语从句
高中英语定语从句一、定语从句之结构定语从句用来充当句中定语的主谓结构;它主要用于修饰句子中的名词、代词。
定语从句的位置常常是紧跟在被修饰的名词、代词的后面。
在被修饰的名词、代词与定语从句之间往往有一个关系词将其前后两部分联系成一个整体,或是构成一个名词短语;或是构成一个代词短语。
从结构上说,关系词与从句是一个整体。
排除句子的其他各部分,这种带有定语从句的名词短语或是代词短语的构成可演示如下:1)Three signs that indicate a person is suffering from a panic attack rather than a heart attack.三种意味着一个人是患有惊恐症而不是心脏病的迹象。
在这个带有定语从句的名词短语中:signs是:被修饰的名词; that是:关系词;that indicate a person is suffering from a panic attack rather than a heart attack是定语从句2)Those who drink a lot. 那些大量饮酒的人。
在这个带有定语从句的代词短语中:those是:被修饰的`名词; who是:关系词;定语从句通过上面的演示,我们可以归纳出定语从句在句子中的位置、结构如下:被修饰的名词 / 代词 + 关系词 + 句子 (其中,"被修饰的名词/代词"在语法叫作"先行词".)二、定语从句讲解(一)定语从句的结构:在复合句中,修饰某个名词或代词的句子(做这个名词或代词的定语)叫定语从句,定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面,被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词,它与定语从句之间要有一个词连接,这个词指代先行词的内容叫做关系词(关系代词或关系副词:that, which, who, whose, when, where, why)。
先行词在定语从句中充当主语,宾语,时间,地点,原因状语。
高中英语定语从句
▪ The first meeting( that) we will take part in will be held in the
afternoon.
2.先行词是all,something,nothing,anything不定代词时,只能用that.
This is the hero of whom we are proud .
This is the hero(that) we are proud of . 2)She is the girl whom I went with there.
She is the girl with whom I went there.
先行词 关系词
从句
which、that 是关系代词,它在从句中代替先行词the building,
同时担任从句中的主语,也起连词的作用,把两个简单句连接 起来。
❖ 关系代词的使用取决于先行词,它们的关系非常密切,因为关系代词在
定语从句中代替主句中的先行词,所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后, 而且它的 人称、数必须和先行词一致。
.
15
关系代词
who
whom(口语中可 用who,可省)
whose
which which(可省) whose(可省)
that that(可省)
.
16
Attention
that和which在指物的情况下一 般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用 that而不用which。 (1) 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定 代词或被不定代词修饰时。
➢Here are the picture-books that the children are looking for . Here are the picture-books which the children are looking for. Here are the picture-books the children are looking for.
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下列情况只能用that 下列情况只能用 2. 当先行词是不定代词 all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, one, somebody, nobody等时 等时 Eg. Is there anything that I can do foro do all what he could do to help us out. He promised to do all that he could do to help us out. 2. What do you think of his suggestion the meeting be put off till next week? What do you think of his suggestion that the meeting be put off till next week?
下列情况只能用that 下列情况只能用
5 当先行词为 当先行词为who 或which 时 Eg. Which is the hotel that he stayed at last night? 6 关系代词作表语时 Eg. Linda is no longer the girl that she used to be.
关系代词前介词的确定
4.非限制性定与从句中, 4.非限制性定与从句中,要表示先行词的 非限制性定与从句中 一部分时,可用“数词/ 一部分时,可用“数词/代词 + of + 关 系代词”的结构, 系代词”的结构,如: e.g. There are 50 students in our class, two-thirds of whom have been to Beijing.
下列情况一般用which 下列情况一般用 1. 在非限制性定语从句中 2. 关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时 Eg. The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.
若关系代词which, that , who在定语从 若关系代词 在定语从 句中作宾语时, 句中作宾语时,可以省略 • The girl (who) you met is my sister.
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分, 关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行 词在从句中做主、 词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词 宾语时, (who, whom, that, which, whose); ; 先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词 先行词在从句中做状语时, ( where 地点状语,when 时间状语,why 地点状语, 时间状语, 原因状语) 原因状语 。
Whose用来指代所属关系 用来指代所属关系
既指人又指物, 既指人又指物,在从句中作定语 Eg. This is the scientist whose name is known by all. Eg. I live in a room whose windows face the south.
1. The reason why he gave for his being late was not sufficient. The reason that he gave for his being late was not sufficient.
1. Teaching is a job which you are doing something serious but interesting. Teaching is a job where you are doing something serious but interesting. 2. He grew up in a stage that the whole society was at a mess. He grew up in a stage where the whole society was at a mess.
注意: 注意:
She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding. 她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。 婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。 她穿着她在 婚礼上穿过的一条裙子 She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。
定语从句 同位语从句
(2) The fact that he has been dead is clear.
2.定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导,关系词在 .定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导, 句中充当成分,有时可以省略; 句中充当成分,有时可以省略; 同位语从句主要由that引导,在句中一般不做成分; 引导, 同位语从句主要由 引导 在句中一般不做成分; 句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, 句子也可以由 what等词引导,充当成分 等词引导, 等词引导 (1) The news he told me is true. (2) The news that he has just died is true. (3) The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. 定语 (4) The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.
1. The teacher showed me the way how I could work out the problem. The teacher showed me the way in which/ that/ \ I could work out the problem. 2. We tried the way in which he told us. We tried the way that he told us.
1. Is this museum that you visited a few days ago? Is this museum the one you visited a few days ago? 2. Is this the museum the one the exhibition was held? Is this the museum where the exhibition was held?
下列情况只能用that 下列情况只能用
3. 当先行词被 当先行词被all,the only, the very, few, little,some,no,any every, each 等修饰时 Eg. There is little time that we can use. Eg. This is the very book that I want to buy. 4. 当先行词既有人又有物时。 当先行词既有人又有物时。 Eg. Do you know the things and persons that they are taking about?
关系副词 when指时间 指时间 Eg. She came last night when I was out. where 表地点 Eg. I know a place where we can read.
当先行词受such, the same修饰时,常用 修饰时, 当先行词受 修饰时 常用as I have never heard such a story as he tells. He is not such a fool as he looks. This is the same book as I lost last week.
区分定语从句和同位语从句
1.定语从句修饰先行词,它和先行词是修饰关系; .定语从句修饰先行词,它和先行词是修饰关系; 同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容, 同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容,是补充说明的关系 (1) The plane that has just taken off is for London.
下列情况只能用that 下列情况只能用 1. 当先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级 修饰时, 修饰时,或先行词就是序数词或形容 词最高级时。 词最高级时。 Eg. This is the first/best play that I have seen. Eg. This train is the last that will go to Tibet.
1. The book I borrowed it from you yesterday is well worth reading. The book I borrowed from you yesterday is well worth reading. 2. The school where he is studying there is a famous one. The school where he is studying is a famous one.
who, that, whom 指人, (1) who指人,在从句中做主语或宾语 ) 指人 Eg. The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. (2) whom 指人,在从句中做宾语,常可 指人,在从句中做宾语, ) 以省略。 以省略。 Eg. The professor (whom) you want to see has gone to Shanghai.
定语从句
先行词是 先行词是 定语 地点 时间 物 人 状语 状语 主 宾 主 宾 关系 代词 which that who whom whose where when
关系 副词