Harvard Referencing (examples)
Harvard referencing 3 哈佛大学参考文献格式指导 - (世界顶尖大学专用版)
References/BibliographyHarvard StyleBased on Style manual for authors, editors and printers/ revised by Snooks & Co. 2002Quick guide - How to USE IT•There are various ways of setting out references / bibliographies for an assignment.NOTE •Before you write your list of references/bibliography check with yourlecturer/tutor for the bibliographic style preferred by the AcademicDepartment.•The following are examples of one style previously known as the Harvard style based on AGPS style but now revised by Snooks & Co, 2002. The style is based on the author-date system for books, articles and “non-books”.•Your bibliography should identify an item (e.g. book, journal article, cassette tape, film, or internet site) in sufficient detail so that others may identify it and consult it.•Your bibliography should appear at the end of your essay/report with entries listed alphabetically.•If you have used sources from the Internet, these should be listed in your bibliography.FOR A BOOKThe details required in order are:1. name/s of author/s, editor/s, compiler/s or the institution responsible2. year of publication3. title of publication and subtitle if any (all titles must be underlined or italicised)4. series title and individual volume if any5. edition, if other than first6. publisher7. place of publication8. page number(s) if applicable• One authorBerkman, RI 1994, Find it fast: how to uncover expert information on any subject, HarperPerennial, New York.Explanation of above citation• Two or more authorsCengel, YA & Boles, MA 1994, Thermodynamics: an engineering approach, 2nd edn,McGraw Hill, London.Cheek, J, Doskatsch, I, Hill, P & Walsh, L 1995, Finding out: information literacy for the21st century, MacMillan Education Australia, South Melbourne.• Editor(s)Pike, ER & Sarkar, S (eds) 1986, Frontiers in quantum optics, Adam Hilger, Bristol.Jackson, JA (ed.) 1997, Glossary of geology, 4th edn, American Geological Institute, Alexandria, Va.• Sponsored by institution, corporation or other organisationInstitution of Engineers, Australia 1994, Code of ethics, Institution of Engineers, Australia, Barton,A.C.T.• SeriesBhattacharjee, M 1998, Notes of infinite permutation groups, Lecture notes in mathematicsno.1698, Springer, New York.• EditionZumdahl, SS 1997, Chemistry, 4th edn, Houghton Mifflin, Boston.• Chapter or part of a book to which a number of authors have contributedBernstein, D 1995, ‘Transportation planning’, in WF Chen (ed.), The civil engineering handbook, CRC Press, Boca Raton.• No author or editorKempe's engineer's year-book 1992, Morgan-Grampian, London.The details required, in order, are:1. author2. year of submission3. title4. name of degree5. name of institution issuing degree6. location of institutionExelby, HRA 1997, ‘Aspects of gold and mineral liberation’, PhD thesis, University of Queensland, Brisbane.The details required, in order, are:1. name/s of author/s of the article2. year of publication3. title of article, in single quotation marks4. title of periodical (underlined or italicised)5. volume number6. issue (or part) number7. page number(s)• Journal articleHuffman, LM 1996, ‘Processing whey protein for use as a food ingredient’, Food Technology,vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 49-52.Explanation of above citation• Conference paper (published)Bourassa, S 1999, ‘Effects of child care on young children’, Proceedings of the third annual meeting of the International Society for Child Psychology, International Society for Child Psychology, Atlanta, Georgia, pp. 44-6. (Example from Style manual for authors, editors and printers 2002)• Conference paper (unpublished)Bowden, FJ & Fairley, CK 1996, ‘Endemic STDs in the Northern Territory: estimations ofeffective rates of partner change’, paper presented to the scientific meeting of the RoyalAustralian College of Physicians, Darwin, 24-25 June. (Example from Style manual for authors, editors and printers 2002)• Newspaper articleSimpson, L 1997, ‘Tasmania’s railway goes private‘, Australian Financial Review, 13 October, p. 10.The details required are the same as for a book, with the form of the item (eg videorecording, tape, computer file, etc.) indicated after the year.Get the facts (and get them organised)Williamstown, Vic.Dr Brain thinking gamesThe details required, in order, are:1. corporate body issuing standard2. year of publication3. title of standard4. number of standard including identifier of issuing country or body5. publisher of standard6. place of publicationInternational Organization for Standardization 1982, Steels - Classification - Part 1: Classification of steels into unalloyed and alloy steels based on chemical composition, ISO 4948-1:1982,International Organization for Standardization, Geneva.The details required, in order, are:1. name/s of inventor/s2. date of issue3. title of patent4. number of patent, including country of issueCookson, AH 1985, Particle trap for compressed gas insulated transmission systems, US Patent 4554399.The details required, in order, are:1. issuing body2. date3. title of map4. series5. publisher6. place of publicationDepartment of Mines and Energy, Queensland 1996, Dotswood, Australia 1:100 000 Geological Series, Sheet 8158, Department of Mines and Energy, Queensland, Brisbane.•This could include sources from full text compact disk products, electronic journals or other sources from the Internet.•The basic form of the citations follow the principles listed for print sources (see above)1. name/s of author/s2. date of publication Note: If you cannot establish the date of publication, use n.d. (nodate).3. title of publication4. edition, if other than first5. type of medium, if necessary6. date item viewed7. name or site address on internet (if applicable)Weibel, S 1995, ‘Metadata: the foundations of resource description’, D-lib Magazine, viewed 7January 1997, </dlib/July95/07weibel.html>.ASTEC 1994, The networked nation, Australian Science, Technology and Engineering Council,Canberra, viewed 7 May 1997, <.au/astec/net_nation/contents.html>.• If no author is given, the title is used as the first element of a citation.Dr Brain thinking games 1998, CD-ROM, Knowledge Adventure Inc., Torrance, California.Information obtained by interview, telephone call, letter, email, etc. should be documented in the text. “Details of a personal communication do not need to be included in a reference list” i.e. You may not need to include personal communications in the list of references at the end of the essay.When interviewed on 15 June 1995, Dr Peter Jones explained that …This was later verbally confirmed (P Jones 1995, pers. comm., 15 June).There are variations on documents produced by government agencies.The following example includes both the name of the sponsoring agency and the specific author.Department of Veterans’ Affairs 2000, Payments to Vietnam veterans: a summary, report prepared by S Baslum, Department of Veteran Affairs, Canberra.The following example requires the name of the sponsoring agency only.Institution of Engineers, Australia 1994, Code of ethics, Institution of Engineers, Australia, Barton,A.C.T.• In an author-date, a textual citation generally requires only the name of the author(s) and the year of publication (and specific page(s) if necessary).• This may appear at the end of a sentence, before the full stop.• Alternatively, the author’s surname may be integrated into the text, followed by the year of publication in parentheses.• The full reference must be listed at the end of your essay.• If two or more works by different authors are cited at the same time, separate them with a semicolon.• If two or more works by the same author are cited at the same time, do not repeat the author's name. Separate the years of publication by a comma.• If there are more than two works by the same author, published in the same year, add the letters 'a', 'b', etc. to the year to distinguish the works. Also add these letters to the year in the list ofreferences at the end of the essay.• If there are more than three authors, list only the first, followed by 'et al.'• If you cannot establish the year of publication, use 'n.d.' (no date).ExamplesIt is futile to maintain that the sexes are interchangeable (Moir & Jessel 1991).It is futile to maintain that the sexes are interchangeable (Moir & Jessel 1991, p. 94).Moir and Jessel (1991) have shown that it is futile to maintain that the sexes are interchangeable.Moir and Jessel (1991, pp. 93-4) have shown that it is futile to maintain that the sexes areinterchangeable.The implications for land degradation have been much debated (Malinowski, Miller & Gupta 1995;Thomson 1999).Subsequent investigation confirmed these results (Watson & Clark 1996, 1998).Public housing remains a neglected area (ACOSS 1997a, 1997b).Other researchers have questioned these findings (Larson et al. 1987).Recent advances have been made in this area (Bolton n.d.).NOTE: • A list of references contains details only of those works cited in the text.• A bibliography includes sources not cited in the text but which are relevant to the subject, listed alphabeticallyIf you require further information, refer to:For print sources Snooks & Co 2002, Style manual for authors, editors and printers, 6th edn, rev.Snooks & Co., John Wiley & Sons, Canberra.For electronic sourcesLi, X & Crane, N 1993, Electronic style: a guide to writing electronic information,Meckler, Westport.Ask at the Information Desk in any Branch Library or check theLibrary’s Web Page ~ .au/useit/Updated 19 May 2003。
哈弗参考文献格式harvard referencing
Harvard referencing: a guide for SoM students IntroductionAcademic work demands that you consider the work of other writers and researchers. To use their work without acknowledgement is to steal the ideas of other people and is called plagiarism.You should acknowledge the sources which have informed your work by citing them in the text of your work, and referencing them at the end of your essay, project report, dissertation or thesis. Otherwise, you run the risk of being accused of academic misconduct.There are several widely used methods for writing references. The School of Management uses the Harvard system. If you do not use this method properly you will lose marks.What sources of information should I be reading?Before you use any document, you should consider the quality of the information it provides. Articles published in refereed academic journals are the most authoritative, because they have been through a thorough checking process known as peer review. Books may not have been checked so rigorously by their publishers. Articles in newspapers and trade magazines are not checked as carefully as those in refereed academic journals so may not be as reliable. And information found on the Internet needs to be treated with caution, as anyone can put material there, accurate or otherwise!How do I put a citation in my text?To avoid being accused of plagiarism, you need to put a citation in the text you are writing whenever you mention another person’s work. This applies whether you are summarising or paraphrasing their ideas or quoting their words directly.Basically, all you need to do is to write the author’s or editor’s surname and the year of publication like this (Hales, 1986) or like this as discussed by Hales (1986). You may sometimes have a corporate author, rather than a personal author, like this (British Retail Consortium, 2007). If you have used two documents by the same author published in the same year, distinguish them by adding a suffix like this (Lowe, 2005a; Lowe, 2005b). If there are two or more authors or editors for a document, put them all in your citation like this (Riley, Ladkin and Szivas, 2002). If you want to cite several works together, because they all support your argument about a particular point, list them chronologically, and if there is more than one for a particular year put those in alphabetical order, like this (Hales, 1986; Wrigley and Lowe, 1996; Howard, 2001; Sigala, Lockwood and Jones, 2001; Riley, Ladkin and Szivas, 2002; Lowe, 2005b; Key Note, 2006; Lee-Kelley, 2006; Sadler-Smith, 2006).If you are quoting another author’s words, it is important that you make this clear by using quotation marks and including the page numbers in your citation like this “Many businesses now operate in a knowledge economy that is networked, digital, virtual, fast-moving, global and uncertain.” (Sadler-Smith, 2006, p.30).How do I write a reference?The full reference for each of the documents you have cited in your text should be put in a list of references at the end of your work.For a journal article, you need to include the author or authors (surname followed by initials), the year of publication (and suffix if used) (in brackets), the title of the article (in quotation marks), the name of the journal (in italics), the volume number, the part or issue number (in brackets), and the page numbers (use p. for one page, pp. for more than one page).Grewal, D., Baker, J., Levy, M. and Voss, G.B. (2003a) "The effects of waitexpectations and store atmosphere evaluations on patronage intentions in service-intensive retail stores", Journal of Retailing, 79(4), pp.259-268.For some journals, you may have to put the date instead of the volume and part numbers.Howard, M. (2001) "If it ain't broke, don't fix it", Financial Management, May, p.14.Pettit, L. (2005) "Forte at sixty", Caterer and Hotelkeeper, 8 December, pp.26-30.For a book, you need to include the authors or editors (use ed. in brackets for one editor, eds. for more than one editor), the year of publication, the title of the book (in italics), the edition (except for the 1st edition; use edn. for edition), the place of publication, and the publisher.Bender, D.A. and Bender, A.E. (1999) Bender's dictionary of nutrition and foodtechnology. 7th edn. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing.Wrigley, N. and Lowe, M.S. (eds.) (1996) Retailing, consumption and capital:towards the new retail geography. Harlow: Longman.For a chapter in an edited book, you need to include the author of the chapter, the date of publication, the title of the chapter (in quotation marks), the word in, the editor of the book, the title of the book (in italics), the edition, the place of publication, the publisher, and the page numbers of the chapter.Baxter, I. and Chippindale, C. (2005) "Managing Stonehenge: the tourism impact and the impact on tourism", in Sigala, M. and Leslie, D. (eds.) International culturaltourism: management, implications and cases. Oxford: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, pp.137-150.If you used an electronic version of a journal article or a book, you should also include the name of the online database (in italics), the word Online [in square brackets], the phrase Available at followed by the URL, and the word Accessed followed by the date you read the document (in brackets).Grewal, D., Baker, J., Levy, M. and Voss, G.B. (2003b) "The effects of waitexpectations and store atmosphere evaluations on patronage intentions in service-intensive retail stores", Journal of Retailing, 79(4), pp.259-268. ScienceDirect[Online]. Available at: (Accessed: 26 November 2007).Sadler-Smith, E. (2006) Learning and development for managers: perspectives from research and practice. Oxford: Blackwell. NetLibrary [Online]. Available at: (Accessed: 22 November 2007).For a web page, you need to include the author, the date of publication (or last updated), the title, the URL, and the date you read the document.Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (2007) Whistleblowing. Available at: /subjects/empreltns/whistleblw/whistle.htm?IsSrchRes=1(Accessed: 30 November 2007).What should my list of references look like?Something like this. Note that all types of publication are included in a single list, and that the list is arranged alphabetically.Baxter, I. and Chippindale, C. (2005) "Managing Stonehenge: the tourism impact and the impact on tourism", in Sigala, M. and Leslie, D. (eds.) International cultural tourism: management, implications and cases. Oxford: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, pp.137-150.Bender, D.A. and Bender, A.E. (1999) Bender's dictionary of nutrition and food technology. 7th edn. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing.British Retail Consortium (2007) British Retail Consortium 2007. Norwich: The Stationery Office.Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (2007) Whistleblowing. Available at: /subjects/empreltns/whistleblw/whistle.htm?IsSrchRes=1 (Accessed: 30 November 2007).Chef2Chef Culinary Portal (2007) Available at: / (Accessed: 4 December 2007).Egmond, T. van (1999) Het verschijnsel toerisme: verleden, heden, toekomst. Leiden: Toerboek.Grewal, D., Baker, J., Levy, M. and Voss, G.B. (2003a) "The effects of wait expectations and store atmosphere evaluations on patronage intentions in service-intensive retail stores", Journal of Retailing, 79(4), pp.259-268.Grewal, D., Baker, J., Levy, M. and Voss, G.B. (2003b) "The effects of wait expectations and store atmosphere evaluations on patronage intentions in service-intensive retail stores", Journal of Retailing, 79(4), pp.259-268. ScienceDirect [Online]. Available at: (Accessed: 26 November 2007).Hales, C.P. (1986) "What do managers do?: a critical review of the evidence", Journal of Management Studies, 23(1), pp.88-115.Howard, M. (2001) "If it ain't broke, don't fix it", Financial Management, May, p.14.Key Note (2006) Mobile telecommunications: market report. Hampton: Key Note. Leatherhead Food International (no date) FoodlineWeb. Available at:/FoodWeb/ (Accessed: 4 December 2007).Lee-Kelley, E. (2006) Trust and identification in the virtual team : exploring the bases of trust and the processes of intra-group identification. Unpublished PhD thesis. University of Surrey.Lowe, M.S. (2005a) "The regional shopping centre in the inner city: a study of retail-led urban regeneration", Urban Studies, 42(3), pp.449-470.Lowe, M.S. (2005b), "Revitalizing inner city retail?: the impact of the West Quay development on Southampton", International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management, 33(9), pp.658-668.Pears, R. and Shields, G. (2005) Cite them right: the essential guide to referencing and plagiarism. Newcastle upon Tyne: Pear Tree Books.Pettit, L. (2005) "Forte at sixty", Caterer and Hotelkeeper, 8 December, pp.26-30.Riley, M., Ladkin, A. and Szivas, E. (2002) Tourism employment: analysis and planning. Clevedon: Channel View.Sadler-Smith, E. (2006) Learning and development for managers: perspectives from research and practice. Oxford: Blackwell. NetLibrary [Online]. Available at: (Accessed: 22 November 2007).Sigala, M., Lockwood, A. and Jones, P. (2001) "Strategic implementation and IT: gaining competitive advantage from the hotel reservations process", International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 13(7), pp.364-371.Wrigley, N. and Lowe, M.S. (eds.) (1996) Retailing, consumption and capital: towards the new retail geography. Harlow: Longman.What do I do if there is no author?If there is no obvious personal author or corporate author, the title can be used instead, both as the citation in your text (Chef2Chef Culinary Portal, 2007) and in your reference list.Chef2Chef Culinary Portal (2007) Available at: / (Accessed: 4December 2007).What do I do if there is no date of publication?If there is no obvious date of publication, you should put (no date).Leatherhead Food International (no date) FoodlineWeb. Available at:/FoodWeb/ (Accessed: 4 December 2007).Can I include documents in languages other than English?Yes, these should be included in their original language.Egmond, T. van (1999) Het verschijnsel toerisme: verleden, heden, toekomst. Leiden: Toerboek.What about other types of publication, such as newspaper articles, company reports, and market research reports?There is a longer list of examples of references at/pls/portal/docs/PAGE/LIBRARY/FINDING/BIBREFS/HARVARD %20REFERENCING%20SOM.PDF. This covers all the types of publication that are likely to be used by management students, including custom textbooks, conference papers, law reports, and theses and dissertations. For further information, see a book by Pears and Shields (2005).Pears, R. and Shields, G. (2005) Cite them right: the essential guide to referencing and plagiarism. Newcastle upon Tyne: Pear Tree Books.What is secondary referencing?There may be occasions when you want to mention someone’s work which has been referred to in a document you have read, even though you haven’t actually read the ori ginal piece of work yourself. This is known as secondary referencing.In your text you might say something like this. Barney in 1999, quoted by Sadler-Smith (2006, p.30), said that ... . In your list of references you should include Sadler-Smith but not Barney. If anyone wants to read Barney’s document, they will be able to find the details of it in Sadler-Smith’s list of references.What is a bibliography? And how does it differ from a list of references?A bibliography is a comprehensive list of all the documents published on a particular subject. The list of references that you put at the end of your academic work should only include the documents that you have read for that particular piece of work. Check that everything you have cited in your text (except secondary references) is included in your list of references, and that everything in your list of references has been cited in your text.I’m worried that I haven’t done my references properly. Do you have any further advice?The purpose of writing a reference for a document you have read is to enable someone else to find a copy of the same document. So check that the details you have given are correct and complete. In particular, double check the spelling of the author’s name and the accuracy of volume numbers, page numbers, dates and URLs. And make sure you have made a note of all the details you need for the reference, while you have the original document in front of you - if you photocopy a chapter from a book and forget to write down which book it came from, you could waste a lot of time later trying to find out which book it was!。
哈弗文献格式
哈佛文献标注方法（Harvard referencing system）外国的老师很看重学生参考文献的引用，这个也是占分数的。
很多欧洲和澳洲的大学一般要求哈佛大学文献参考系统。
操作方法如下：一、正文中国外的文献引用方法和中文有很大的差异性，中文引用喜欢照搬别人的原话，但英文一般不这样，要自己归纳别人的观点，或者说别人做了什么研究，结论如何，总之最好不要原文照搬。
（一）文中不出现作者姓名如果引用作者的某句话或者某个观点，就在这句话的末尾加（），（）内要标注作者的姓名和该文章出版的年份，如(Author2005)。
反是有引用的，不管是从报纸上来的、还是书本、论文都要标。
如：Makingreference to published work appears to be characteristic ofwriting for aprofessional audience (Cormack1994).如：(Jones1946;Smith 1948)如：Recentresearch has found that the majority of……(Green et al 1995)Meeloun微信公众号（二）文中出现作者姓名如果正文中出现了作者的姓名，如xxx said/ concluded/ suggests….则在姓名后面加（），（）内只要标注年份即可，如（2005）。
如：Cormack(1994, p.32-33) statesthat 'whenwriting for a professional readership, writers invariably makereference toalready published works'.如：Jones (1946)and Smith (1948)have both shown……如：Green et al(1995) found that themajority ……(三) 其他情况如果一个作者同年出版了两本书，如2005年，要这样标：(Author 2005a) 或(Author2005b)；如果在一篇文章中引用多篇报纸文章，要表明这篇报纸文章的具体日期，如(TheGuardian, October 18, 2005)。
哈弗参考文献格式harvard referencing
Harvard referencing: a guide for SoM students IntroductionAcademic work demands that you consider the work of other writers and researchers. To use their work without acknowledgement is to steal the ideas of other people and is called plagiarism.You should acknowledge the sources which have informed your work by citing them in the text of your work, and referencing them at the end of your essay, project report, dissertation or thesis. Otherwise, you run the risk of being accused of academic misconduct.There are several widely used methods for writing references. The School of Management uses the Harvard system. If you do not use this method properly you will lose marks.What sources of information should I be reading?Before you use any document, you should consider the quality of the information it provides. Articles published in refereed academic journals are the most authoritative, because they have been through a thorough checking process known as peer review. Books may not have been checked so rigorously by their publishers. Articles in newspapers and trade magazines are not checked as carefully as those in refereed academic journals so may not be as reliable. And information found on the Internet needs to be treated with caution, as anyone can put material there, accurate or otherwise!How do I put a citation in my text?To avoid being accused of plagiarism, you need to put a citation in the text you are writing whenever you mention another person’s work. This applies whether you are summarising or paraphrasing their ideas or quoting their words directly.Basically, all you need to do is to write the author’s or editor’s surname and the year of publication like this (Hales, 1986) or like this as discussed by Hales (1986). You may sometimes have a corporate author, rather than a personal author, like this (British Retail Consortium, 2007). If you have used two documents by the same author published in the same year, distinguish them by adding a suffix like this (Lowe, 2005a; Lowe, 2005b). If there are two or more authors or editors for a document, put them all in your citation like this (Riley, Ladkin and Szivas, 2002). If you want to cite several works together, because they all support your argument about a particular point, list them chronologically, and if there is more than one for a particular year put those in alphabetical order, like this (Hales, 1986; Wrigley and Lowe, 1996; Howard, 2001; Sigala, Lockwood and Jones, 2001; Riley, Ladkin and Szivas, 2002; Lowe, 2005b; Key Note, 2006; Lee-Kelley, 2006; Sadler-Smith, 2006).If you are quoting another author’s words, it is important that you make this clear by using quotation marks and including the page numbers in your citation like this “Many businesses now operate in a knowledge economy that is networked, digital, virtual, fast-moving, global and uncertain.” (Sadler-Smith, 2006, p.30).How do I write a reference?The full reference for each of the documents you have cited in your text should be put in a list of references at the end of your work.For a journal article, you need to include the author or authors (surname followed by initials), the year of publication (and suffix if used) (in brackets), the title of the article (in quotation marks), the name of the journal (in italics), the volume number, the part or issue number (in brackets), and the page numbers (use p. for one page, pp. for more than one page).Grewal, D., Baker, J., Levy, M. and Voss, G.B. (2003a) "The effects of waitexpectations and store atmosphere evaluations on patronage intentions in service-intensive retail stores", Journal of Retailing, 79(4), pp.259-268.For some journals, you may have to put the date instead of the volume and part numbers.Howard, M. (2001) "If it ain't broke, don't fix it", Financial Management, May, p.14.Pettit, L. (2005) "Forte at sixty", Caterer and Hotelkeeper, 8 December, pp.26-30.For a book, you need to include the authors or editors (use ed. in brackets for one editor, eds. for more than one editor), the year of publication, the title of the book (in italics), the edition (except for the 1st edition; use edn. for edition), the place of publication, and the publisher.Bender, D.A. and Bender, A.E. (1999) Bender's dictionary of nutrition and foodtechnology. 7th edn. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing.Wrigley, N. and Lowe, M.S. (eds.) (1996) Retailing, consumption and capital:towards the new retail geography. Harlow: Longman.For a chapter in an edited book, you need to include the author of the chapter, the date of publication, the title of the chapter (in quotation marks), the word in, the editor of the book, the title of the book (in italics), the edition, the place of publication, the publisher, and the page numbers of the chapter.Baxter, I. and Chippindale, C. (2005) "Managing Stonehenge: the tourism impact and the impact on tourism", in Sigala, M. and Leslie, D. (eds.) International culturaltourism: management, implications and cases. Oxford: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, pp.137-150.If you used an electronic version of a journal article or a book, you should also include the name of the online database (in italics), the word Online [in square brackets], the phrase Available at followed by the URL, and the word Accessed followed by the date you read the document (in brackets).Grewal, D., Baker, J., Levy, M. and Voss, G.B. (2003b) "The effects of waitexpectations and store atmosphere evaluations on patronage intentions in service-intensive retail stores", Journal of Retailing, 79(4), pp.259-268. ScienceDirect[Online]. Available at: (Accessed: 26 November 2007).Sadler-Smith, E. (2006) Learning and development for managers: perspectives from research and practice. Oxford: Blackwell. NetLibrary [Online]. Available at: (Accessed: 22 November 2007).For a web page, you need to include the author, the date of publication (or last updated), the title, the URL, and the date you read the document.Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (2007) Whistleblowing. Available at: /subjects/empreltns/whistleblw/whistle.htm?IsSrchRes=1(Accessed: 30 November 2007).What should my list of references look like?Something like this. Note that all types of publication are included in a single list, and that the list is arranged alphabetically.Baxter, I. and Chippindale, C. (2005) "Managing Stonehenge: the tourism impact and the impact on tourism", in Sigala, M. and Leslie, D. (eds.) International cultural tourism: management, implications and cases. Oxford: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, pp.137-150.Bender, D.A. and Bender, A.E. (1999) Bender's dictionary of nutrition and food technology. 7th edn. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing.British Retail Consortium (2007) British Retail Consortium 2007. Norwich: The Stationery Office.Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (2007) Whistleblowing. Available at: /subjects/empreltns/whistleblw/whistle.htm?IsSrchRes=1 (Accessed: 30 November 2007).Chef2Chef Culinary Portal (2007) Available at: / (Accessed: 4 December 2007).Egmond, T. van (1999) Het verschijnsel toerisme: verleden, heden, toekomst. Leiden: Toerboek.Grewal, D., Baker, J., Levy, M. and Voss, G.B. (2003a) "The effects of wait expectations and store atmosphere evaluations on patronage intentions in service-intensive retail stores", Journal of Retailing, 79(4), pp.259-268.Grewal, D., Baker, J., Levy, M. and Voss, G.B. (2003b) "The effects of wait expectations and store atmosphere evaluations on patronage intentions in service-intensive retail stores", Journal of Retailing, 79(4), pp.259-268. ScienceDirect [Online]. Available at: (Accessed: 26 November 2007).Hales, C.P. (1986) "What do managers do?: a critical review of the evidence", Journal of Management Studies, 23(1), pp.88-115.Howard, M. (2001) "If it ain't broke, don't fix it", Financial Management, May, p.14.Key Note (2006) Mobile telecommunications: market report. Hampton: Key Note. Leatherhead Food International (no date) FoodlineWeb. Available at:/FoodWeb/ (Accessed: 4 December 2007).Lee-Kelley, E. (2006) Trust and identification in the virtual team : exploring the bases of trust and the processes of intra-group identification. Unpublished PhD thesis. University of Surrey.Lowe, M.S. (2005a) "The regional shopping centre in the inner city: a study of retail-led urban regeneration", Urban Studies, 42(3), pp.449-470.Lowe, M.S. (2005b), "Revitalizing inner city retail?: the impact of the West Quay development on Southampton", International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management, 33(9), pp.658-668.Pears, R. and Shields, G. (2005) Cite them right: the essential guide to referencing and plagiarism. Newcastle upon Tyne: Pear Tree Books.Pettit, L. (2005) "Forte at sixty", Caterer and Hotelkeeper, 8 December, pp.26-30.Riley, M., Ladkin, A. and Szivas, E. (2002) Tourism employment: analysis and planning. Clevedon: Channel View.Sadler-Smith, E. (2006) Learning and development for managers: perspectives from research and practice. Oxford: Blackwell. NetLibrary [Online]. Available at: (Accessed: 22 November 2007).Sigala, M., Lockwood, A. and Jones, P. (2001) "Strategic implementation and IT: gaining competitive advantage from the hotel reservations process", International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 13(7), pp.364-371.Wrigley, N. and Lowe, M.S. (eds.) (1996) Retailing, consumption and capital: towards the new retail geography. Harlow: Longman.What do I do if there is no author?If there is no obvious personal author or corporate author, the title can be used instead, both as the citation in your text (Chef2Chef Culinary Portal, 2007) and in your reference list.Chef2Chef Culinary Portal (2007) Available at: / (Accessed: 4December 2007).What do I do if there is no date of publication?If there is no obvious date of publication, you should put (no date).Leatherhead Food International (no date) FoodlineWeb. Available at:/FoodWeb/ (Accessed: 4 December 2007).Can I include documents in languages other than English?Yes, these should be included in their original language.Egmond, T. van (1999) Het verschijnsel toerisme: verleden, heden, toekomst. Leiden: Toerboek.What about other types of publication, such as newspaper articles, company reports, and market research reports?There is a longer list of examples of references at/pls/portal/docs/PAGE/LIBRARY/FINDING/BIBREFS/HARVARD %20REFERENCING%20SOM.PDF. This covers all the types of publication that are likely to be used by management students, including custom textbooks, conference papers, law reports, and theses and dissertations. For further information, see a book by Pears and Shields (2005).Pears, R. and Shields, G. (2005) Cite them right: the essential guide to referencing and plagiarism. Newcastle upon Tyne: Pear Tree Books.What is secondary referencing?There may be occasions when you want to mention someone’s work which has been referred to in a document you have read, even though you haven’t actually read the ori ginal piece of work yourself. This is known as secondary referencing.In your text you might say something like this. Barney in 1999, quoted by Sadler-Smith (2006, p.30), said that ... . In your list of references you should include Sadler-Smith but not Barney. If anyone wants to read Barney’s document, they will be able to find the details of it in Sadler-Smith’s list of references.What is a bibliography? And how does it differ from a list of references?A bibliography is a comprehensive list of all the documents published on a particular subject. The list of references that you put at the end of your academic work should only include the documents that you have read for that particular piece of work. Check that everything you have cited in your text (except secondary references) is included in your list of references, and that everything in your list of references has been cited in your text.I’m worried that I haven’t done my references properly. Do you have any further advice?The purpose of writing a reference for a document you have read is to enable someone else to find a copy of the same document. So check that the details you have given are correct and complete. In particular, double check the spelling of the author’s name and the accuracy of volume numbers, page numbers, dates and URLs. And make sure you have made a note of all the details you need for the reference, while you have the original document in front of you - if you photocopy a chapter from a book and forget to write down which book it came from, you could waste a lot of time later trying to find out which book it was!。
Harvard referencing 写Essay的好帮手!
32 Harvard Referencing 2006Note: this page is only an introduction to the Harvard referencing system. Curtin Library & Information Service provides a modified version of the author-date system presented in:Snooks & Co. 2002, Style manual: For authors, editors and printers, 6th edn, John Wiley & Sons Australia, n.p.For referencing electronic sources, refer to the American Psychological Association's Publication manual: American Psychological Association 2001, Publication manual of the American Psychological Association, 5th edn, APA, Washington, DC.Note: A modified APA style is used for electronic sources to fit in with the Harvard referencing styleprovided by Curtin Library & Information Service as the Style manual does not cover this area fully.The information and examples contained on this page are chiefly derived from the above publications.It is very important that you check your department or school's assignment guide as some details, eg.punctuation, may vary from the guidelines on this page. You may be penalised for not conforming to your school's requirements.What is Referencing?Referencing is a standardised method of acknowledging sources of information and ideas that you have used in your assignment in a way that uniquely identifies their source. Direct quotations, facts and figures, as well as ideas and theories, from both published and unpublished works must be referenced.There are many acceptable forms of referencing. This information sheet provides a brief guide to the Harvard referencing style. Within the text of the assignment the author’s name is given first, followed by the publication date. A reference list at the end of the assignment contains the full details of all the in-text citations.Why Reference?Referencing is necessary to avoid plagiarism, to verify quotations, and to enable readers to follow-up and read more fully the cited author’s arguments.Steps Involved in Referencing1. Note down the full bibliographic details including the page number(s) from which the information is taken.In the case of a book, ‘bibliographical details’ refers to: author/editor, year of publication, title, edition, volume number, place of publication and publisher as found on the front and back of the title page. (Not all of thesedetails will necessarily be applicable).In the case of a journal article, the details required include: author of the article, year of publication, title of the article, title of the journal, volume and issue number of the journal, and page numbers.For all electronic information, in addition to the above you should note the date that you accessed theinformation, and database name or web address (URL).2. Insert the citation at the appropriate place within the text of the document (see examples below).3. Provide a reference list at the end of the document (see examples below).In-Text CitationsUse the name of the author, followed by the year of publication when citing references within the text of an assignment. Where authors of different references have the same family name, include the author’s initials in the in-text citation i.e. (Hamilton, CL 1994) or CL Hamilton (1994). If two or more authors are cited at the same point in the text then they are included in the same in-text citation, separated by a semicolon e.g. (Brown 1991; Smith 2003). They are presented alphabetically by author.When directly quoting from another source, the relevant page number must be given and quotation marks placed around the quote. When paraphrasing or referring to an idea from another source which is a book or lengthy text, include the relevant page number, as this might be useful to the reader.In general, page numbers should be included in all in-text citations, as many schools insist on this practice. How to Create a Reference ListA reference list only includes books, articles etc that are cited in the text. A bibliography is a list containing the sources used in developing a publication and other sources the author considers might be of use or interest to the reader.The reference list is arranged alphabetically by author. Where an item has no author it is cited by its title, and ordered in the reference list or bibliography alphabetically by the first significant word of the title.The Harvard style requires the second and subsequent lines of the reference to be indented, as shown in the examples below, to highlight the alphabetical order2 of 11Semester 1 2006Examples of referencing:Books In-Text Example Reference List Example EndNote 9 (which reference type?)Single author ‘The theory was first propounded in1993’ (Comfort 1997, p. 58)OR‘Comfort (1997, p. 58) claimedthat…’ Comfort, A 1997, A good age, Mitchell Beazley,London.Book2 or3 authors (Madden & Hogan 1997, p. 45)ORMadden and Hogan (1997, p. 45)discuss this idea… Madden, R & Hogan, T 1997, The definition ofdisability in Australia: moving towards nationalconsistency, Australian Institute of Health andWelfare, Canberra.Book4 or more authors (Leeder et al. 1996, p. 69) Leeder, SR, Dobson, AJ, Gibbers, RW, Patel, NK,Mathews, PS, Williams, DW & Mariot, DL 1996,The Australian film industry, Dominion Press,Adelaide.BookNo author ‘This was apparently not the casebefore about 1995’ (Advertising inthe Western Cape 1990, p. 14)…OR‘In Advertising in the Western Cape(1990, p. 14) it was claimed that…’ Advertising in the Western Cape 1990, ABCPublishers, Cape Town.BookMultiple works by same author ‘University research (Brown 1982,1988) has indicated that…’Brown, P 1982, Corals in the Capricorn group, CentralQueensland University, Rockhampton.Brown, P 1988, The effects of anchor on corals,Central Queensland University, Rockhampton.Order chronologically in the reference list.Book3of11 Semester12006Multiple works published in the same year by the same author ‘In recent reports (Napier 1993a,1993b)…’Use a/b etc. to differentiatebetween works in same year.Napier, A 1993a, Fatal storm, Allen & Unwin, Sydney.Napier, A 1993b, Survival at sea, Allen & Unwin,Sydney.Order alphabetically by title in the reference list.BookEditor (Kastenbaum 1993, p. 78) Kastenbaum, R (ed.) 1993, Encyclopedia of adultdevelopment, Oryx Press, Phoenix.Edited BookDifferent Editions Renton (2004, p. 5) suggests that… Renton, N 2004, Compendium of good writing, 3rdedn, John Wiley & Sons, Milton.An edition number is placed after the title of thework - this is not necessary for a first edition.BookEncyclopedia or Dictionary The new Grove dictionary of musicand musicians (1980, p. 85)defined it as...Sadie, S (ed.) 1980, The new Grove dictionary ofmusic and musicians, 6th edn, Macmillan,London.Edited BookArticle or chapter in a book As discussed by Blaxter (1976, p.101)…Blaxter, M 1976, ‘Social class and health inequalities’,in C Carter & J Peel (eds), Equalities andinequalities in health, Academic Press, London,pp. 120-135.Book SectionArticle or chapter in a book – no author (Solving the Y2K problem 1997, p.23).‘Solving the Y2K problem’ 1997, in D Bowd (ed.),Technology today and tomorrow, Van NostrandReinhold, New York, p. 27.Book SectionYou will need to edit the in-text citation forit to appear in italics.Brochure (Research and Training Centre1993, p. 2) Research and Training Centre on Independent Living1993, Guidelines for reporting and writing aboutpeople with disabilities [Brochure], 4th edn,Research and Training Centre, Lawrence, KS.The publisher’s name may be abbreviated if it isalso the author.BookYou will need to type [Brochure] manuallyafter the title.4of11 Semester12006E-book (Pettinger 2002) Pettinger, R 2002, Global organizations, CapstonePublishing, Oxford. Retrieved September 28,2004, from NetLibrary database. Electronic Book(put September 28, 2004 in the Date Accessed field, NetLibrary in Name of Database)Thesis (Jones 1998, p. 89) Jones, F 1998, ‘The mechanism of Bayer residueflocculation’, PhD Thesis, Curtin University ofTechnology. Retrieved December 21, 2005, fromCurtin University of Technology Digital Theses. Thesis(put PhD in Thesis Type,December 21, 2005 in Access Date, Curtin University of Technology Digital Theses in URL.)Conference Proceeding (Debono 2000) Debono, C 2000, ‘The National Trust into the newmillennium’, Proceedings of the ninth meeting ofthe International National Trust, AustralianCouncil of National Trusts, Alice Springs, NT, pp.44-6. Retrieved January 20, 2006, from InformitOnline database.Conference Proceeding(put The National trust into the newmillennium in Title, Proceedings of theninth meeting of the International NationalTrust in Conference Name, AustralianCouncil of National Trusts in Publisher,Alice Springs, NT in Conference Location, January 20, 2006 in Access Date,Informit Online in Name of Database.)Annual report of an organisation (Department of Transport andRegional Services 2001)ORBillabong’s annual report (2005)Department of Transport and Regional Services 2001,Annual report 2001-2002, Canberra.ORBillabong International Ltd. 2005, Annual report 2005 –brands. Retrieved January 27, 2006, from Connect4database.ReportImage in a book The poster ‘Buy Australian Apples’(Cowle & Walker 2005, p. 65) Cowle, C & Walker, D 2005, The art of apple branding, Apples from Oz, Hobart.BookPrint Journals In-Text Example Reference List Example EndNote 9 (which reference type?)Article As mentioned by Wharton (1996, p.8)… Wharton, N 1996, ‘Health and safety in outdoor activitycentres’, Journal of Adventure Education andOutdoor Leadership, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 8-9.Journal Article5of11 Semester12006Article – no author ‘It’s a growing problem in the U.K.’(Anorexia nervosa 1969, p. 530)… ‘Anorexia nervosa’ 1969, British Medical Journal, vol.1, pp. 529-30.Journal ArticleYou will need to edit the in-textcitation for it to appear in italics.Newspaper/Magazine article (Towers 2000) Towers, K 2000, 'Doctor not at fault: coroner',Australian, 18 January, p. 3.Newspaper ArticleNewspaper article – no author .....in the Sydney Morning Herald(24 January 2000, p. 12)Provide all the details in the in-text citation – noneed for an entry in the reference list.Press release (Watersmith 2000) Watersmith, C 2000, BHP enters new era, mediarelease, BHP Limited, Melbourne, 1 March.Report(put media release in the AccessionNumber field, BHP Limited in Institution, 1March in Report Number)Electronic Journals In-Text Example Reference List Example EndNote 9 (which reference type?)Full text from an electronic database (Madden 2002) Madden, G 2002, ‘Internet economics and policy: anAustralian perspective’, Economic Record, vol.78, no. 242, pp. 343-58. Retrieved October 16,2002, from ABI/INFORM Global database.Journal Article(put October 16, 2002 in the Access Datefield, ABI/INFORM database in Name ofDatabase.Full text from an electronic database – no author ‘The internet has had a hugeimpact on the Australian economy’(Internet economics and policy2002, p. 350)'Internet economics and policy: an Australianperspective' 2002, Economic Record, vol. 78, no.242, pp. 343-58. Retrieved October 16, 2002,from ABI/INFORM Global database.Journal Article(put October 16, 2002 in the Access Datefield, ABI/INFORM Global database inName of Database)You will need to edit the in-textcitation for it to appear in italics.6of11 Semester12006Full text newspaper, newswire or magazine from an electronic database – no author (WA packed with overseas appeal2004)‘WA packed with overseas appeal’ 2004, WestAustralian, 12 November, p. 47. RetrievedNovember 13, 2004, from Factiva database.Newspaper Article(put November 13, 2004 in the AccessDate field, Factiva database in Name ofDatabase)You will need to edit the in-text citationfor it to appear in italicsFull text from the internet It was proposed by Byrne (2004)that…Byrne, A 2004, 'The end of history: censorship andlibraries', The Australian Library Journal, vol. 53,no. 2. Retrieved November 16, 2004, from.au/publishing/alj/53.2/full.text/byrne.htmlJournal Article(put November 16, 2004 in the AccessDate field,.au/publishing/alj/53.2/full.text/byrne.html in Database)Article from Curtin E-Reserve (Davidhizar & Dowd 1997, p. 29) Davidhizar, R & Dowd, SB 1997, ‘The art of giving aneffective presentation’, Health Care Supervisor,vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 25-31. Retrieved October 16,2002, from Curtin University Library & InformationService E-Reserve.Journal Article(put October 16, 2002 in the Access Datefield, Curtin University Library &Information Service E-Reserve inDatabase)Article from database on CD-ROM (BPO) (La Rosa 1992, p. 58) La Rosa, SM 1992, 'Marketing slays the downsizingdragon', Information Today, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 58-9. Retrieved October 16, 2002, from UMIBusiness Periodicals Ondisc database.Journal Article(put October 16, 2002 in the Access Datefield, UMI Business Periodicals Ondisc inName of Database)Secondary Sources In-Text Example Reference List Example EndNote 9 (which reference type?)Book ‘Including neuralgia’ (Carini andHogan, cited in Thibodeau & Patton2002, p. 45)ORCarini and Hogan (cited inThibodeau & Patton 2002, p. 45)… Thibodeau, GA & Patton, KT (eds.) 2002. The humanbody in health and disease, Mosby, St. Louis, Mo.Record the book that you actually sourced.BookYou will need to type Carini and Hoganmanually in the in-text citation.7of11 Semester12006Journal Article ‘…origins of neuralgia’ (Carini andHogan, cited in Patton 2002, p.2154)ORCarini and Hogan (cited in Patton2002) Patton, KT 2002, ‘Neuralgia and headaches’, Science,vol. 4, pp. 2153-55.Record the journal that you actually sourced.Journal ArticleYou will need to type Carini and Hoganmanually in the in-text citation.World Wide Web In-Text Example Reference List Example EndNote 9 (which reference type?)Document on WWW ‘It’s essential you learn how toreference’ (Dawson et al. 2002). Dawson, J, Smith, L, Deubert, K & Grey-Smith, S2002, ‘S’ Trek 6: referencing, not plagiarism.Retrieved October 31, 2002, from.au/Electronic Source(use Access Date & URL for retrievedstatement.)Document on WWW – No author (Leafy seadragons and weedyseadragons 2001)Leafy seadragons and weedy seadragons 2001.Retrieved November 13, 2002, from.au/~jenny/seadragons/Electronic Source(use Access Date & URL for retrievedstatement.)Document on WWW – No date (Royal Institute of British Architectsn.d.)Royal Institute of British Architects n.d., Shaping thefuture: careers in architecture. Retrieved May 31,2005, from /Electronic Source(put Royal Institute of British Architects inthe Author field, n.d. in Year, useAccess Date & URL for retrievedstatement.)Image on the web The image of the bleached coral(Coral bleaching and massbleaching events 2002) Coral bleaching and mass bleaching events [Image]2002. Retrieved September 2, 2005 from.au/corp_site/info_services/science/bleachingElectronic Source(type [Image] manually after the title of theimage)8of11 Semester12006GovernmentPublicationsIn-Text Example Reference List Example EndNote 9 (which reference type?)Act of Parliament The Commonwealth’s CopyrightAct 1968...[future references do not includedate] Legislation is included in a list of references only ifit is important to an understanding of the work. Setthe list apart from the main body of the referenceunder the subheading 'Legislation'.Essential elements: Short title Date (Jurisdiction)eg. Copyright Act 1968 (Cwlth).If legislation is obtained from an electronicdatabase, add a retrieved statement as forelectronic journal articles.Enter in-text citation manually.Cases The State of New South Wales v.The Commonwealth (1915) 20 CLR54 Legal authorities are included in a list ofreferences only if they are important to anunderstanding of the work. Set the list apart fromthe main body of the reference under thesubheading 'Legal Authorities'.CaseYou will need to edit the in-text citation forit to appear in italics and add the caseabbreviationAustralian Bureau of Statistics Bulletin (Australian Bureau of Statistics1999)Australian Bureau of Statistics 1999, Disability, ageingand carers: summary of findings, cat. no. 4430.0,ABS, Canberra.Report(put cat. no. 4430.0 in the AccessionNumber field, ABS in Institution)Australian Bureau of Statistics from AusStats (Australian Bureau of Statistics1999)Australian Bureau of Statistics 1999, Disability, ageingand carers: summary of findings, cat. no. 4430.0,ABS, Canberra. Retrieved October 14, 2002, fromAusStats database.Report(put cat. no. 4430.0 in the AccessionNumber field, October 14, 2002 in AccessDate, AusStats in Name of Database.)Census Information (Australian Bureau of Statistics2001) Australian Bureau of Statistics 2001, Census ofpopulation and housing: B01 selectedcharacteristics (First release processing) postalarea 6050. Retrieved November 20, 2002, fromAusStats database.Report(use Access Date & Name of Databasefor retrieved statement.)Government Report (Resource AssessmentCommission 1991) Resource Assessment Commission 1991, Forest andtimber inquiry: draft report, vol. 1, AustralianGovernment Publishing Service, Canberra.Report(put vol. 1 in the Accession Number field,Australian Government PublishingService in Institution.)9of11 Semester12006Patent U.S. Patent No. 4554399 (1985) Cookson, AH 1985, Particle trap for compressed gasinsulated transmission systems, U.S. Patent4554399. Patent(put Cookson, AH in Inventor, U.S. Patent 4554399 in Patent Number.)Standard (Standards Australia 1997) Standards Australia 1997, Size coding scheme forinfants’ and children’s clothing – underwear andouterwear, AS 1182-1997. Retrieved January 10,2006, from Standards Australia Online database. Report(put AS 1182-1997 in the Accession Number field, January 10, 2006 in Access Date, Standards Australia Online in Name of Database.)Other Sources In-Text Example Reference List Example EndNote 9 (which reference type?)Personal communication, e-mail and discussion lists with no web archive. ‘It was confirmed that an outbreakoccurred in London’ (S Savieri1999, pers. comm., 24 April).Not included in reference list as they cannot betraced by the reader.Enter in-text citation manually.Films and videorecordings, (Grumpy meets the orchestra 1992) Grumpy meets the orchestra 1992, videorecording,Australian Broadcasting Corporation, Sydney.Featuring the Sydney Symphony Orchestra.Any special information may be noted after thecitation.Film or Broadcast(put videorecording in the Format field,Featuring the Sydney SymphonyOrchestra in Credits.)Television and radio programmes (What are we going to do with themoney? 1997)What are we going to do with the money? 1997,television programme, SBS Television, Sydney, 8August.Film or Broadcast(put television programme in the FormatField, SBS Television in Distributor,Sydney in Country.)Podcasts (The wings of a butterfly – children,teenagers and anxiety 2005) The wings of a butterfly - children, teenagers andanxiety 2005, podcast radio programme, ABCRadio National, Sydney, 10 September.Retrieved September 16, 2005, from.au/podcast/default.htm#mindFilm or Broadcast(put podcast radio programme in theFormat field, ABC Radio National inDistributor, Sydney in Country, 10September in Date Released,September 28, 2005 in Access Date,.au/podcast/default.htm#mind in URL.)10of11 Semester12006CD-ROMS (Dr Brain thinking games 1998) Dr Brain thinking games 1998, CD-ROM, KnowledgeAdventure Inc., Torrance, California.Computer ProgramERIC document (microfiche) Davis and Lombardi (1996) putforward the proposal that…Davis, RK & Lombardi, TP 1996, 'The quality of life ofrural high school special education graduates', inRural goals 2000: Building programs that work.ERIC Document No. 394765, microfiche.Generic(put Rural goals 2000: Building programsthat work in the Secondary Title field,ERIC Document No. ED394765 inPublisher, microfiche in Type of Work)E-mail discussion list – web archive (Little 2002) Little, L 2002, 'Two new policy briefs', ECPOLICYdiscussion list, 16 April. Retrieved November 13,2002 from /VirtualListserv_Archives/ECPOLICY/2002/Apr_2002/Msg00003.htmlNewspaper Article(put Little, L in the Reporter field,ECPOLICY in Newspaper, discussion listin Section, November 13, 2002 in Notes,/VirtualListserv_Archives/ECPOLICY/2002/Apr_2002/Msg00003.html in Type ofArticle)It is very important that you check your department's or school's assignment guide as some details, e.g. punctuation, may vary from the guidelines on this page. You may be penalised for not conforming to your school's requirements.11of11 Semester12006。
harvard_referencing_examples
The Harvard referencing system is the most frequently used style at Staffordshire and is also known as the Author-Date style. It emphasises the name of the creator of a piece of information and the date of publication, with the list of references in alphabetical order at the end of your piece of work. Some Faculties or subject areas use a different style of referencing, so you should check your module handbook for confirmation of what style is required by your tutor for a particular assignment. This guide provides examples of how a wide range of information sources should be referenced according to the Harvard style, including the order of the elements and possible punctuation to be used. For each source there are examples of how to cite within the text and how to write your list of references. If you cannot find the type of information you wish to reference included in this document please contact us at ask@.
哈佛大学文献标注方法的中文解说版
哈佛大学文献标注方法（Harvard referencing system）外国的老师很看重学生参考文献的引用，这个也是占分数的。
很多欧洲和澳洲的大学一般要求哈佛大学文献参考系统。
操作方法如下：一、正文中国外的文献引用方法和中文有很大的差异性，中文引用喜欢照搬别人的原话，但英文一般不这样，要自己归纳别人的观点，或者说别人做了什么研究，结论怎么样啊。
总之最好不要原文照搬。
（一）文中不出现作者姓名如果引用作者的某句话或者某个观点，就在这句话的末尾加（），（）内要标注作者的姓名和该文章出版的年份，如(Author 2005)。
反是有引用的，不管是从报纸上来的、还是书本、论文都要标。
如：Making reference to published work appears to be characteristic of writing for a professional audience (Cormack 1994).如：(Jones 1946; Smith 1948)如：Recent research has found that the majority of……(Green et al 1995)（二）文中出现作者姓名如果正文中出现了作者的姓名，如xxx said/ concluded/ suggests….则在姓名后面加（），（）内只要标注年份即可，如（2005）。
如：Cormack (1994, p.32-33) states that 'when writing for a professional readership, writers invariably make reference to already published works'.如：Jones (1946) and Smith (1948)have both shown……如：Green et al (1995) found that the majority ……(三) 其他情况如果一个作者同年出版了两本书，如2005年，要这样标：(Author 2005a) 或(Author 2005b)；如果在一篇文章中引用多篇报纸文章，要表明这篇报纸文章的具体日期，如(The Guardian, October 18, 2005)。
哈佛商业评论的投稿格式
哈佛商业评论的投稿格式
【中英文版】
Harvard Business Review Submission Format
投稿格式说明
尊敬的投稿者：
感谢您對哈佛商業評論的興趣，我們欢迎您投遞稿酬。
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- 商業战略
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2.稿件格式要求：
- 字數：請控制在2,000至4,000字之間
- 语言文字：英文
- 排版：請使用Arial字体，字号12，而行距1.5倍
- 段落：請使用段落分隔不同的概念或思路，並確保每段落都有一個明确的中心思想
3.標題與摘要：
- 標題：請用精簡且明晰的語言描述您的稿件主题
- 摘要：請提供200-300字的摘要，概述您的稿件主要论點和结论4.參考文献：
- 請確保您的稿件中引用的所有數據和文献都已經妥善引用
- 請使用哈佛引用格式（Harvard Referencing）
5.图片与图表：
- 如有需用到图片或图表，請確保其版权Clearance
- 請使用JPEG或PNG格式，並保证其清晰度
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Harvard_Referencing(英文要点讲解)
What information do you need to cite a Webpage?
1.Author’s name. If there is no author, use the page title.
2.Webpage last update year if available. If no date is available, write n.d.
Australian Government: Cultural Portal 2008, The Dreaming. Available from: <.au /articles/indigenous/dreamtime/>. [15 February 2009].
2. 2008
3. The Dreaming
4. http://www.cultureandrec .au/articles/in
digenous/dreamtime/
5. February 15, 2010
NoRwefeirtenisceyLoistuErnttruyrfonr.a WFeoblploagweing this
3.Article title
4.URL
5.Date accessed
. au/articles/indigenous/dreamtime//
Referencing a Webpage
1. Australian Government: Cultural Portal
2. Initial of
first name
6. Editor(s) name(s) ed=editor eds=editors
7. Publisher
8. Place (city)
Harvard_Referencing(英文要点讲解)
REFERENCE LIST ENTRY FOR A BOOK
Compare
your answer
Western, M & Baxter, J 2007, ‘Class and inequality in Australia’ in Public sociology: an introduction to Australian society, eds J Germov & M Poole, Allen & Unwin, Crows Nest, pp. 215-238.
1.
surname
Let’s put the information we have collected together. Look at this example
3. Year of publication
4. Title of the Article in ‘single quotation marks’. Notice that only the first letter of the first word and proper names are capitalized in the article title
2. Initial of first name
6. Editor(s) name(s) ed=editor eds=editors
7. Publisher
8. Place (city) of publication
9. Page Range
For Example: If the author has a middle name on the publication, include the first John George Smart initial of their middle name after the initial of JG first name Smart, their
Harvard_Referencing(英文要点讲解)
What information is required from the TOC? 1. Author(s) name(s) 2. Name of the Article 3. The page range of the article Write down this information: 1. Mark Western and Janeen Baxter
REFERENCE LIST ENTRY FOR AN EDITED BOOK
What information do you need from an edited book’s cover? 1.The Editor’s Name (or Editors’ Names) 2.The title of the book
3.The place (city) of publication
Write down this information. 1.2007 2. Allen & Unwin 3.Crows Nest
Table of Contents Information
MODULE 3 SOCIAL DIFFERENCES AND INEQUALITIES 11 Class and inequality in Australia Mark Western and Janeen Baxter 12 The gender order Grazyna Zadjow 13 Ethnicity and belonging Ziatko Skrbis 14 Race and reconciliation in Australia Meredith Green and Sherry Saggers 15 Deviance, crime and social control Sharyn Roach Anleu 16 The social basis of health and illness Neil Burdess 213 215 239 259 281 301 321
哈佛文献引用标注harvard referencing
Harvard referencing guideHSL-DVC1A bibliographical reference should contain sufficient information for someone else or yourself to trace the item in a library. It is very important to be consistent and accurate when citing references. The same set of rules should be followed every time you cite a reference. Citations in the text should give the author's name with the year of publication and then all references should be listed in alphabetical order at the end of the paper/dissertation.This guide aims to outline how to reference using the Harvard method. The Harvard method is not the only standard of referencing and you should consult with your lecturers which they recommend. For a more interactive tutorial on how to reference correctly refer to the …Tutorials by department‟ tab on the Information Skills Resource website.Harvard method of citation in the textAll statements, opinions, conclusions etc. taken from another writer's work should be acknowledged, whether the work is directly quoted, paraphrased or summarised. In the Harvard System cited publications are referred to in one of the forms shown below:Single author:-In a study by Seedhouse (1997) coping with illness was investigated ....In a study (Seedhouse,1997) coping with illness was investigated ....When an author has published more than one cited document in the same year these are distinguished by adding lower case letters after the year within the brackets. Burnard (1992a) wrote about communication for health professionals that ....Two authors :-In the book by Basford and Slevin (1995) .....More than two authors:-Benner et al (1996) conclude that ....If more than one citation is referred to within a sentence, list them all in the following form, by date and then alphabetically:-There are indications that passive smoking is potentially threatening to the health.......... ( Francome and Marks, 1996; Bunton, 1995; Lupton, 1995)Harvard method of quoting in the textWhen quoting directly in the text use quotation marks as well as acknowledging the author's name, year of publication and page number of the quote in brackets.Short quotations e.g. up to 2 lines can be included in the body of the text:-Weir (1995) states that "defining roles and their remits is not simple"(p.10).Longer quotations should be indented in a separate paragraph:-Thomas and Ingham (1995) in discussing staff development state that: "Development is infectious, and staff who previously have recoiled from undertaking a degree or conversion course have been encouraged by the success of others"(p.33).If part of the quotation is omitted then this can be indicated using three dots:-Weir and Kendrick (1995) state that "networking is no longer solely within the male domain . . ."(p.88).Secondary referencingSecondary referencing is when one author is referring to the work of another and the primary source is not available. You should cite the primary source and the source you have read e.g. (Fiedler and Chemers, 1974, cited in Douglass, 1996). Secondary referencing should be avoided if at all possible.Harvard method of listing references at the end of the textReferences should be listed in alphabetical order by author's name and then by date (earliest first), and then if more than one item has been published during a specific year by letter (1995a, 1995b etc). Whenever possible details should be taken from the title page of a publication and not from the front cover, which may be different. Each reference should include the elements and punctuation given in the examples below. Authors' forenames can be included if given on the title page but they are notrequired to be. The title of the publication should either be in italics or underlined. The examples given are in italics:A book by a single author:Seedhouse, D. (1997) Health promotion: philosophy, prejudice and practice. Chichester, John Wiley.A book by two authors:Burns, Nancy and Grove, Susan K. (1997) The practice of nursing research: conduct, critique & utilization. 3rd edition. London, Saunders.A book by more than two authors:Mares, Penny et al. (1995) Health care in multiracial Britain. Cambridge, Health Education Council.A book by a corporate author (e.g. a government department or other organisation):Health Visitors' Association (1992) Principles into practice : an HVA position statement on health visiting and school nursing. London, Health Visitors' Association.An edited book:Basford, Lynn and Slevin, Oliver (eds) (1995) Theory and practice of nursing: an integrated approach to patient care. Edinburgh, Campion.A chapter in a book:Weir, Pauline (1995) Clinical practice development role: a personal reflection. In: K. Kendrick et al. (eds) Innovations in nursing practice. London, Edward Arnold. p. 5- 22.An article in a journal:Allen, A. (1993) Changing theory in nursing practice. Senior Nurse, 13(1), 43-5.An article in a newspaper:White, M. (1998) £68m to cut NHS waiting lists. Guardian, Monday May 18 1998, p.8. If no author name is given then anon should be used instead.Anon (1998) Schemes to boost dental care. Guardian, Monday May 18 1998, p.8. Government publicationsIn broad terms White Papers contain statements of Government policy while Green Papers put forward proposals for consideration and public discussion. They are cited in the same way.A White paper:Department of Health (1996) Choice and opportunity: primary care: the future.Cm.3390. London, Stationery Office.A Green paper:Department of Health (1998) Our Healthier Nation: a contract for health. Cm 3854. London, Stationery Office.An Act of Parliament:Great Britain (1990) National Health Service and Community Care Act 1990. Chapter 19. London, HMSO.Conference proceedings:Published conference proceedings with author or editor(s):Banks, S. et al (1998) Networked Lifelong Learning: innovative approaches to education and training through the Internet: Proceedings of the 1998 International Conference held at the University of Sheffield. Sheffield, University of Sheffield. Paper from published conference proceedings with author or editor(s):Proctor, P. (1998) The tutorial: combining asynchronous and synchronous learning. In: Banks, S. et al. Networked Lifelong Learning: innovativeA thesis or dissertation:Stones, Marian (1995) Women, nurses, education: an oral history taking technique. Unpublished M.Ed. dissertation, University of Sheffield.A secondary reference:Fiedler, F. and Chemers, M. (1974) Leadership and effective management. Glenview, Illinois, Scott Foresman & Co. Cited in: Douglass, Laura Mae (1996) The effective nurse: leader and manager. 5th edition. St. Louis, Missouri, Mosby. Acknowledgements:The following documents have been used in the compilation of this guide and further information can be obtained from them.Bournemouth University. Academic Services Group. Library and Information Services.(1996) Harvard System. [online] Bournemouth, Bournemouth University. [Accessed 9th June 1996].British Standards Institution (1989) BS Recommendations for references to published materials. BS.1629:1989. London, BSI.Citing electronic sources of informationThere is a separate guide giving details of how to cite electronic sources of information: “Citing electronic sources of information”.Citing online and audio visual sources ofinformationHSL-DVC2Data is available in various formats apart from printed documents such as books and journals. Increasingly information is becoming available electronically. This guidesets out to provide examples of how to cite these electronic sources of information in the Harvard style. There is a separate document outlining how to cite printed material. The standard copyright law applies equally to electronic sources and any referenceto other people's work should be acknowledged with citations in your text and inclusion in your reference list.The Information Skills Resource includes interactive tutorials on how to reference correctly. Select the ‘Tutorials by department’ tab for tutorials tailored for your subject area. Always check which referencing method your department recommends before submitting finished work.INTERNET SOURCESIndividual worksAuthor/editor surname, Initial. (Year) Title [online].Edition. Place of publication, Publisher. Available from: URL[Accessed date].Example:Marieb.E. (2000) Essentials of Human anatomy and Physiology: AWL Companion Web Site.[online]. 6th edition. San Francisco, Benjamin Cummings. Available from: /bookbind/pubbooks/marieb-essentials/ [Accessed 4th July 2001].Include the year of publication in brackets. Most Web pages are updated on a regular basis. Date of publication is the date the pages were last updated. If you are not sure of the date click on View and page source to check when last modified. If no publication date is given write (No date).Only mention an edition statement if the document clearly states that the pages have been rewritten rather than just updated.The accessed date is when you viewed, downloaded or printed the Web page. This statement is necessary to allow for any subsequent changes which may be made to the page or if the page is no longer available.The term publisher is used here to cover both the traditional idea of publisher of printed sources, as well as organisations responsible for maintaining sites on the Internet, such as the University of Sheffield. If the place of publication is not stated and cannot be ascertained then leave out.Often information is put on the Internet by organisations without citing a specificauthor. In such cases, ascribe authorship to the smallest identifiable organisational unit (this is similar to the standard method of citing works produced by a corporate body) or start with the title.Example:The University of Sheffield Library (2001) Nursing and Midwifery in the Library and on the Internet. [online]. Sheffield, University of Sheffield. Available from:/library/subjects/subnurse.html [Accessed 4th July 2001]. Citing electronic journalsAuthor surname, Initial. (Year) Title of article. Journal title[online], Volume (part), location within the host. Available from:URL [Accessed date].The "location within host" is the equivalent of page numbering used with printed sources. If the document does not include pagination an alternative may be used eg date, labelled part, or the the total number of lines, paragraphs or screens. Example of an article from a journal available in print and electronic form: Handwashing Liaison Group (1999) Hand washing. BMJ[online], 318 (7185),686. Available from: /cgi/content/full/318/7185/686 [Accessed 4th July 2001].Examples of articles from journals only available online:Snyder, M. (2001) Overview and Summary of Complementary Therapies: Are TheseReally Nursing? Online Journal of Issues in Nursing [online], 6(2), 31st May 2001. Available from: http://www.nursingworld/ojin/topic15/tpc15ntr.htm [Accessed 4th July 2001.Peterson, M. (1997) Skills to enhance problem-based learning. Medical Education Online [online], 2,3. Available from: http://www.med-ed-/f0000009.htm#reference [Accessed 4th July 2001].Citing a full text item from an online bibliographical databaseAuthor surname, Initial. (Year) Title of article. Journal title.Volume (part), pages. Full-text [online]. Online database name on host [Accessed date].Example of full text article from CINAHL via the Ovid online service:Newens, Andrew J. et al (1997). Changes in reported dietary habit and exercise levels after an uncomplicated first myocardial infarction in middle-aged men. Journal of Clinical Nursing 6(2), 153-160. Full-text [online]. CINAHL, Ovid Technologies Inc.[Accessed 28th May 1998].Citing an abstract from an online bibliographical databaseAn abstract should only be cited if it has proved impossible to obtain the full text of the article and it is essential to your work to do so.Author surname, Initial. (Year). Title of article. Journal title. Volume (part), pages. Abstract [online]. Online database name on host [Accessed date].Example of abstract from CINAHL via the Ovid online service:Redman, G. M. (1997). LPN-BSN: education for a reformed healthcare system. Journal of Nursing Education 36(3), 121-7. Abstract [online]. CINAHL, Ovid Technologies Inc. [Accessed 28thMay 1998].Citation from a database that includes citation instructionsSometimes the database instructs you on how to cite references. This might be at the end of the article. You must cite the reference as they state. Put in brackets at the end of the citation that this is the case.Example of such a citation:Renfrew MJ and Lang S. Early initiation of breastfeeding. (Cochrane Review) In: the Cochrane Library, issue 2. Oxford:Update Software;1998. Updated quarterly. (Citation as instructed)JISCmail/Listserv email listsThese discussion lists generate email messages which are sent directly to the subscriber. Many lists will archive the messages sent. References to these messages should be treated in a similar fashion to journal references; using the list name in place of the journal title and the subject line of the message in place of the article title.For "Available from" use the email address of the list administrator. These details,together with the author, will appear in the message header.Author, (Day Month Year). Subject of message. Discussion list [online]. Available from: JISCmail/Listserv email address [Accessed date].Examples:Nott, A.J. (26 Jan 2000) Integrated care pathways. Psychiatric- nursing [online]. Available from: /lists/psychiatric-nursing.html [Accessed 5th July 2001].Sandall, J. (24 May 2001) Free web-based virtual midwifery library. Midwifery-research [online]. Available from: /lists/midwifery-research.html [Accessed 5th July 2001].Please note that items may only be archived on discussion group servers for up to a year. A local copy could be kept by the recipient, who is giving the citation, but a note should be given to this effect. It is also in your interest to print a copy of potentially temporary sources in case you need to prove a source after it has beendeleted/moved/changed.Usenet newsgroups/Bulletinboards/BlogsUsenet newsgroups allow people with similar interests to read and post messages in a common location on the Internet.Author (Day Month Year). Subject heading of message. Newsgroup [online].Available from: Name of Usenet newsgroup [Access date].Clark, D. & Young, J. (8 June 2001) Substance Misuse resource. Uk.sci.med.nursing [online]. Available from: news:uk.sc.med.nursing [Accessed 5th July 2001].If the author's name and initial is not given, use the email/username.Example:news@ (7 June 2001) UK Learning Difficulty Website. Uk.sci.med.nursing [online]. Available from: news:uk.sc.med.nursing [Accessed 5th July 2001]. Example:Doctorow, C. (17 Jan 2010) Britain’s Business Secretary wants to turn the nation’s back on basic science [online]. Available from:/2010/01/17/britains-business-se.html [Accessed 19th January 2010].Personal emailIf you wish to make reference to personal email messages then the following format is recommended. You should get a sender's permission to quote a message especially if you quote their email address.Sender (Sender's Email address) (Day Month Year). Subject of Message. Email to recipient (Recipient's Email address).Example:McConnell, D. (D.McConnell@) (28th November 1997) Follow up to your interview. Personal email to L.Parker (l.a.parker@).Audio visual materialsAudiocassettes, CD-ROMs, film, microform, radio broadcasts,television, and videos When citing one of the above items information about the nature of the item should be given where necessary after the title.Example:Peters, T. (1991) Tom Peters Live. [Audiocassette]. Boulder,USA, CareerTrack Publications.Many CD-ROMs, films, videos and broadcasts are the co-operative work of many individuals. These should either be cited with the title as the first element, or if there is an individual with clear responsibility for the intellectual content his name should be used e.g. the director.Examples:Pride and Prejudice. [Video]. (1997) London, BBC.Encarta 98 Encyclopaedia. [CD-ROM]. (1998) New York, Microsoft Ltd. Henderson, David. (1985) Reith Lectures. BBC Radio 3 and 4. Nov - Dec 1985. Individual items within a programme should be cited as contributions.Example:Thatcher, Margaret. (1986) Interview. In: Six O'Clock , BBC 1. 1986 Jan 29.18.00hrs.。
harvard reference list example -回复
harvard reference list example -回复如何使用哈佛引用样式创建参考文献清单。
引用是写作重要的一部分，它使作者能够在其作品中引用和归功于其他人的研究和观点。
在学术写作中，正确引用非常重要，因为它可以确保作者诚实、准确地表达自己的立场，并清楚地显示研究并基于哪些先前的工作。
在引用中，哈佛引用样式是最广泛使用的样式之一。
它不仅包含了作者的姓名和出版物的年份，还提供了文章或章节的标题、出版地点和出版者。
这篇文章将一步一步地解释如何使用哈佛引用样式创建参考文献列表。
1. 标题参考文献清单应该以"参考文献"或"参考书目"为标题，居中放置，并使用加粗字体。
例如：参考文献2. 作者姓名按照"姓，名"的格式列出作者的姓名。
将作者的姓氏排在前面，然后是名字的首字母缩写。
如果有多个作者，用逗号分隔。
例如：Smith, J.Brown, A., Johnson, L.3. 出版日期在作者姓名后面，用括号括起来并紧跟着在逗号后添加出版日期。
出版物的年份应该是在括号内的数字形式，并使用逗号将年、月和日分隔开来。
例如：Smith, J. (2021, January 15).4. 文章或章节标题在出版日期后面，以引号将文章或章节的标题括起来。
标题应使用句子的大小写规则，只有首字母大写，除非标题中包含专有名词或缩写词。
例如：Smith, J. (2021, January 15). "The Importance of Harvard Referencing."5. 期刊名或书名在文章或章节标题后面，使用斜体字列出期刊名或书名。
这应该是斜体文本，例如：Smith, J. (2021, January 15). "The Importance of Harvard Referencing." Journal of Academic Writing.6. 出版地点和出版者在期刊名或书名之后，使用逗号将出版地点和出版者分隔开来。
Harvard Referencing 和 中文的文献引用
University of Tasmania Harvard Referencing
no author, no date In-text (Anonymous n.d.)
and / & Zikmund and D’Amico (1987) stated … The …… cannot be justified in this way (Zikmund & D’Amico 1987).
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
University of Tasmania Harvard Referencing
Secondary source In-text Whitely, cited in Chambers 1983, p.25 Or Whitley(cited in Chambers 1983, p.25) stated… Or Chambers(1983, p.25) gives Whiteley’s (1979)… Reference list Chambers, PK 1983, Your emotions revealed, Lacrima and Ductule, New York. Whiteley, BC 1979, ‘Emotional response’, Brain Talk, vol.2, no.12 pp. 234-5 Note: A reference list entry must be for the author who has done the citing e.g. Chamber. References can be made for both works if that is helpful to the reader.
University of Tasmania Harvard Referencing
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point of view.
through relationship marketing activities with stakeholders and channel partners. However, there is still lack of consensus
on the component, measurement and management of relationship marketing practices. Also, most researches are B2C or mass market based.
This is an example of plagiarism since there is no reference made within the main content at all. The student did mention about “definitions” from other literature but not a single author was mentioned within the content. Readers could not tell which idea is from the student himself./herself, and which ones are belong to other authors.
At the end of thelist:
Aijo, Toivo S, 1996. paradigm.” 10, 2006). Búrca, Sean de., Fynes, Brian., Roche, Evelyn., (2004). Management 11, 2006). Christopher, Martin, Payne, Adrian and Ballantyne, David 2002. value for the customer.” Value. Butterworth-Heinemann, 2002, pp. 1-37. “Creating 25, no. 2 (July 1): Evaluating 61-75. “The theoretical and philosophical underpinnings of relationship marketing: Environmental factors behind the changing marketing European Journal of Marketing 30, no. 2 (January 1): 8- 18. (accessed: January .au:80.
It was argued that companies have practicing relationship marketing activities since trade began, no matter whether it was done consciously or unconsciously (Gummesson, 1997 and Aijo, 1996). When conducting a preliminary search on
Galbreath, Jeremy, (2002). 40, 15, 2006. Gummesson, Evert (1997). no. 1/2
management of relationships as intangible assets.”
attempted to interpret the term from asset point of view. Others involve long term value creation through relationship marketing activities with stakeholders (Christopher, Payne, Ballantyne, 2002) and channel partners (Galbreath, 2002). However, there is still lack of consensus on the component, measurement and management of relationship marketing practices. based. Also, most researches are B2C or mass market
Relationship Marketing – Creating Stakeholder
Since references have been made in the main content of the assignment, this reference list is very useful to the readers who would like to look further if they need.
Relationship Marketing – Creating Stakeholder
Chang, Aihwa., Tseng, Chiung-Ni. (2005). Building customer capital through relationship marketing activities: The case of Taiwanese multilevel marketing companies. Journal of Intellectual Capital 6, no. 2 (April 1): 253-266. .au:80/ (accessed January 11, 2006). Galbreath, Jeremy, (2002). 40, 15, 2006. no. 1/2 “Twenty-first century management rules: The Management Decision 1): 116-126. Accessed: January (January
Proper references have been made within the main content of the student. Now, the instructor knows which ideas are borrowed, which ones are from the student himself/herself.
the academic literature, one could find various definitions of the term. Some definitions are narrow functional focused on building long term relationship with customers. Some
management of relationships as intangible assets.”
.au:80/
Page 1 of 2
FB4303 Strategy & Policy
GOOD EXAMPLE: Within the content of the assignment:
preliminary search on the academic literature, one could find various definitions of the term. Some definitions are narrow functional focused on building long term relationship with customers. Some attempted to interpret the term from asset Others involve long term value creation
FB4303 Strategy & Policy
Harvard Reference (Good and Bad examples)
BAD EXAMPLE: UNINTENTIONAL PLAGIARISM
Within the content of the assignment:
It was argued that companies have practicing relationship marketing activities since trade began, no matter whether it was done consciously or unconsciously. When conducting a
At the end of the assignment: Reference list:
Aijo, Toivo S, 1996. paradigm.” 10, 2006). Christopher, Martin, Payne, Adrian and Ballantyne, David 2002. value for the customer.” Value. Butterworth-Heinemann, 2002, pp. 1-37. “Twenty-first century management rules: The Management Decision 1): 116-126. Accessed: January (January “Creating “The theoretical and philosophical underpinnings of relationship marketing: Environmental factors behind the changing marketing European Journal of Marketing 30, no. 2 (January 1): 8- 18. (accessed: January .au:80.
Relationship Quality in a Business-to-Business Context. Irish Journal of .au:80/ (accessed January