新世纪研究生英语上unit 2 text

合集下载

新世纪研究生英语unit 2 Summary of the text

can help to solve many problems including war, pollution & inequality
• Part 2: Main body – the limits of the Internet in
solving these problems 2-4: against the I’s potential to prevent war 5-7: against reducing energy consumption and pollution 8-9: against the belief that I can reduce inequality 10-11: a concession that there is truth in those claims • Part 3: Conclusion – Although the I has changed many things, it cannot solve all the problems of human society.
Text Structure
• Writing style: a piece of argumentation • A clear, reasoned, and logical way of demonstrating that your position, belief, or conclusion is valid. • Enough evidence should be given to support your arguments.
Summary of the text
This essay is a piece of argumentation. An argument is a reasoned, logical way of demonstrating that your position, belief, or conclusion is valid. One purpose of argument is to persuade reasonable people to agree with your position. Another is simply to defend your position, to establish its soundness even if others cannot be persuaded to agree. A third purpose of argumentation is to attack some position you believe to be misguided, untrue, or evil, without necessarily offering an alternative of your own. In a good essay of this type, enough evidence should be given to support your arguments. Addressing the claims of the opposition is also an important component in building a convincing argument.

新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读PPTUnitTwo

Text Learning
Traditional singles:
a figure of fun, pity or awe Withered spinsters and bachelors twenty-something professionals Widowed senior citizens (Para. 6)
Text learning
The main reasoFra biblioteks for the rise in singles:
Europe’s new economic landscape Irresistible momentum of individualism Living longer Divorcing more and marrying later Rich enough Temperamentally independent enough Working harder and no much room for relationships Sexual equality A refuge from work
Background Information
Marriage and wedding Lava lamp the holy grail the holy cup used by Christ
before his death; the thing which is most wanted and which people try to discover 圣杯，圣盘
flower girl.)
The reception Honeymoon
Lava lamp熔岩灯
A lava lamp is a novelty item typically used for decoration rather than illumination. The gentle flow of randomly-shaped blobs小圆块,小斑点,一滴 of wax suggests the flowing of lava. The lamps are available with a wide variety of container styles and colors of wax and liquid.

新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读及翻译第二单元

Unit 2Key to ExercisesI. Comprehension Checkl.D 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.D 7.C 8.D 9.B l0.CII. Vocabulary StudyI.l. advocated 2 extravagant 3. vulnerable 4. guru 5. potentia1 6. dispel7. shunned 8. acc1aimed 9. enthusiasts 10. stave off 1l. attendant 12. venturedII.l. eradicated 2. enthralled 3. obso1ete 4. disproved5. foster6. ludicrous7. apparent8. avert9. displaced l0. compatriots 1 l. endeavors l2. hailedIII. (略)III. Clozel.C 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.D 6.C 7.D 8.B 9.A 10.C ll.B l2.B l3.C l4. C l5. D 16.A l7.B l8. C l9.A 20.CIV. Translationl. Some cyber gurus claim that the Internet will Prevent wars, reduce pollution, and combat various forms of inequality.2. Although the Internet undeniably fosters communications, it will not put an end to war, since wars are by no means caused simply by the failure of different peoples to understand each other adequately.3. The Internet can help reduce energy consump1ion and pollution only if doing things online genuinely displaces real-world activities.4. The poor are not shunning the Internet because they cannot afford it The problem is that they lack the skills to exp1oit it effectively. Therefore, it makes more sense to aim for universal literacy than universa1 Internet access.5. Thanks to the Internet, income inequality between people doing similar jobs in different countries has been reduced. However, the inequality between information workers in poor countries and their poorest compatriots has been increased.6. If human nature remains stubbornly unchanged, despite the claims of the techno-Prophets, humanity cannot simply invent away its failings.课文参考译文:因特网不能做什么？1 在1858年第一根横穿大西洋的通讯电缆铺设成功时，维多利亚时代的积极分子们曾欢呼说：“像电报这种为世界各国交流思想的工具诞生之后；那些根深蒂固的偏见与敌意不可能再长时间存在了。

新世纪英语综合教程第二版unit2全文翻译

He worked himself to death, finally and precisely, at 3:00 A.M. Sunday morning.他终于累死了,The obituary didn’t say that, of course. It said that he died of a coronary thrombosis----I think that was it----but everyone among his friends and acquaintances knew it instantly. He was a perfect Type A, a workaholic, a classic, they said to each other and shook their heads----and thought for five or ten minutes about the way they lived.讣告并没有这么说.讣告说他死于冠桩血栓---应该就是这种病吧----但他所有的朋友和熟人全都立刻就知道他其实是累死的.他是典型的A型血人,典型的工作狂,所谓的精英,他的朋友们一边摇头一边交谈,花上五到十秒钟反省自己的生活方式.This man who worked himself to death finally and precisely at 3:00 A.M. Sunday morning---on his day off---was fifty one years old and a vice-president. He was, however, one of six vice-presidents, and one of three who might conceivably---if the president died or retired soon enough---have moved to the top spot. Phil knew that.那累死在周日凌晨三点---这天是他的假期---的死者今年51岁, 是一家公司的副总裁. 不过,那家公司有六个副总,他是其中三名有望升任总裁----如果老总去世或是及时退休的话--的副总之一, 他很有希望爬到颠峰, 非尔明白这一点.He worked six days a week, five of them until eight or nine at night, during a time when his own company had begun the four-day week for everyone but the executives. He worked like the Important People. He had no outside “extracurricular interests,” unless, of course, you think about a monthly golf game that way. To Phil, it was work. He always ate egg salad sandwiches at his desk. He was, of course, overweight, by 20 or 25 pounds. He thought it was okay, though, because he didn’t smoke.他每周工作六天, 其中五天一直到晚上八点或九点. 这时,公司已开始实行四工作日制, 当然,这不包括行政人员. 非尔和每一个所谓的”重要人物”一样, 没有任何业余爱好, 当然了,每月打一次高尔夫除外.但对非尔来说, 这也是工作.非尔总是坐在办公桌前啃鸡蛋沙拉. 当然了,他体重超标,大概超重20或25磅. 不过非尔觉得那没关系, 因为他从不吸烟.On Saturdays, Phil wore a sports jacket to the office instead of a suit,because it was the weekend.周六时,非尔会把西装换成运动装,因为周末到了.He had a lot of people working for him, maybe sixty, and most of them liked him most of the time. Three of them will be seriously considered for his job. The obituary didn’t mention that.非尔有一大群下属为他工作,估计有六十人吧,大部分的人在大部分的时候都很喜欢他们的上司. 其中三人将角逐非尔现在的位置.讣告也没有提到这一点.But it did list his “survivors” quite accurately. He is survived by his wife, Helen, forty-eight years old, a good woman of no particular marketable skills, who worked in an office before marrying and mothering. She had, according to her daughter, given up to compete with his work years ago, when the children were small. A company friend said, “I know how much you will miss him.” And she answered, “I already have.”不过,讣告明确地提到了他的”未忘人”. 非尔撇下了他的妻子海伦. 她是个好女人, 今年四十八岁, 没有多少经商头脑. 在做妻子和母亲之前,她一直在办公室做一名小职员. 他们的女儿说,母亲多年前就放弃了同父亲的工作竞争, 在孩子们都还很小的时候. 公司一个朋友安慰海伦道:” 我知道你会非常非常想念他.” 海伦答道:” 我已经想念了好多好多年.”“Missing him all these years,” she must have given up part of herself which had cared too much for the man. She would be “wel l taken care of.”“这么多年来,我每天都在想他”, 海伦许会因为过分思念丈夫而失落了自我吧. 她将得到”最好的照料”.His “dearly beloved” eldest of the “dearly beloved” children is a bard-working executive in a manufacturing firm down South. In the day and a half before the funeral, he went around the neighborhood researching his father, asking the neighbors what he was like. They were embarrassed.他”最最亲爱”的长子是南部一家工厂的行政人员, 他同父亲一样卖力地工作.在葬礼的前1.5天, 他走访了很多邻居想要找回他的父亲, 他向邻居们询问父亲的情况. 邻居们感到很尴尬,因为他们对他的父亲几乎一无所知.His second child is a girl, who is twenty-four and newly married. She lives near her mother and they are close, but whenever she was alone with her father, in a car driving somewhere, they had nothing to say to each other.老二是女儿, 今年二十四岁, 最近刚结婚. 她和母亲住得很近,她们亲密无间, 但每每她与父亲独处, 比如坐车去某个地方时, 他们从来都无话可说.The youngest is twenty, a boy, a high-school graduate who has spent the last couple of years, like a lot of his friends, doing enough odd jobs to stay in grass and food. He was the one who tried to grab at his father, and tried to mean enough to him to keep the man at home. He was his father’s favorite. Over the last two years, Phil stayed up nights worrying about the boy.最小的儿子今年二十岁, 高中毕业生, 和他的朋友们一样靠着零零总总的工作赚钱来换取毒品.他确曾努力地想要留住他的父亲, 他确曾尝试过让父亲觉得自己很重要,重要到足以使父亲留在家里. 他是非尔最喜欢的孩子,在过去的两年里, 非尔常常彻夜难眠,为他担心.The boy once sa id, “My father and I only board here.”男孩曾经宣称, “我和爸爸只是寄居在这!”At the funeral, the sixty-year-old company president told the forty-eight-year-old widow that the fifty-one-year-old deceased had meant much to the company and would be missed and would be hard to replace. The widow didn’t look him in the eye. She was afraid he would read her bitterness and ,after all, she would need him to straighten out the finances-the stock options and all that.葬礼上, 六十一岁的公司总裁安慰四十八岁的寡妇说, 那五十一的过世者对公司多么重要, 大家会多么想念他, 找到一个接替他的人将多么困难. 可怜的女人不敢抬头看他, 她怕他看出她是多么地痛苦. 毕竟, 她需要他帮她理清所有财产问题-优先控股权以及诸如此类的事情.Phil was overweight and nervous and worked too hard. If he wasn’t at the office, he was worried about it. Phil was a Type A, a heart-attack natural. You could have picked him out in a minute from a lineup.非尔超重, 神经质, 工作得太玩命. 即使他不在办公室, 他也总是想着公司的事情. 非尔是典型的A型血, 心脏病易患群体. 你花一分钟就能从人潮中轻易地认出他.So when he finally worked himself to death, at precisely 3:00 A.M. Sunday morning, no one was really surprised.所以当他终于在周日凌晨三点累死时, 并没有谁真正大吃一惊.By 5:00 P.M. the afternoon of the funeral, the company president had begun, discreetly of course, with care and taste, to make inquiries about his replacement, one of the three man. He asked around:” who ‘s been working the hardest?”葬礼当天下午,五点后, 公司总裁开始慎重, 仔细, 挑剔地考虑非尔的接班人, 他问那三个职员, “你们谁工作最最卖力呢?”。

新世纪研究生原文 Lesson 2

新世纪研究生——听说原文Lesson TwoPart A Getting startedShort Conversations1. M: Do you still want to go to graduate school after you get out of college?W: I've changed my mind about that. I want to start working before I go back to school.Q: What is the woman's plan?2. M: We've got a whole hour before the Browns come by to pick us up.W: Yeah. But we'd better get moving.Q: What does the woman suggest they do?3. M: I'm thinking of getting a new printer.W: I'd invest in a laser printer. The print quality is much better.Q: What does the woman mean?4. W: I've got a coupon for half-off dinner at that new restaurant down the street. I think I'll use itwhen my cousin comes for a visit this weekend.M: Where did you get it? I wouldn't mind trying that place out too.Q: What does the man want to know?5. W: What's Laura doing here today? I thought she was supposed to be out of the officeon Mondays.W: She decided she'd rather have Fridays off instead.Q: What can be inferred about Laura?6. M: I need to find a new roommate.W: So John's going to California after all.Q: What can be inferred from the conversation?7. M: My math assignment's due tomorrow morning and I haven't even started it yet.W: I'll miss you at the party tonight.Q: Why does the woman say so?8. W: Those packages took forever to arrive.M: But they did arrive, didn't they?Q: What does the man say about the packages?9. M: My parents are coming to see our apartment this weekend.W: Looks as if I'd better lend you my vacuum cleaner then.Q: What is the woman's implication?10. M: Sarah, did you have a chance to buy that new novel you wanted?W: No, but I had Doris get it for me.Q: What does Sarah say about the novel?11. M: I've been waiting all week for this concert. The philharmonic is supposed to be excellentand with our student discount the tickets will be really cheap.W: Uh — uh, I'm afraid I left my student ID in my other purse.Q: What does the woman imply?12. M: The university bookstore opens at 9 in the morning.W: Oh, dear. I need a textbook for my eight o'clock class today.Q: What is the woman's problem?13. M: The storm last night damaged some of the neighbors' roofs.W: No wonder.Q: What is the woman's reaction to what the man says?14. M: You've certainly been reading that one page for a long time.W: Well, I'm being tested on it tomorrow.Q: How do you interpret what the woman says?15. W: Another thing we need to do is show the new students around the town. You know, showthem all sights of the area.M: I don't see why we need to do that ourselves. I understand the visitors' center offers a wonderful bus tour.Q: What does the man suggest they do?Part B Intensive ListeningPassage IHolidays in Britain and the USPeople in the US get a two-week paid vacation from their job every year. Most British people have four or five weeks paid holiday a year. Americans often complain that two weeks are not enough, especially when they hear about the longer holidays that Europeans enjoy. In addition, there are eight days in each European country, which are public holidays (the British call them Bank Holidays) and many of these fall on a Monday, giving people a long weekend.What do people do in Britain and the US when they are on holidays? In the US, outdoor vacations are popular, for example, at the Grand Canyon, Yellowstone or other national parks and forests. Young people may go walking or camping in the mountains. Many people have small trailers in which to travel, or if they have a car, they may stay at motels on the journey. Disneyland and Disneyworld are also popular. In addition, people can go skiing in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, Wyoming and Montana. Some children go to summer camp for a holiday during the summer vacation from school, where they do special activities, such as sports or crafts. When Americans want a holiday for fun in the sun, they usually go to Florida, Hawaii, Mexico or the Caribbean. They may go to Europe for culture, for example, to see art, plays, and places of historic interest.In Britain, many people like to go to the seaside for holidays. There are places near the sea, such as Blackpool, Scarborough and Bournemouth, where there is plenty to do, even when it rains. People also like to go to the countryside, especially to walk, in places like Scotland, Wales and the Lake District. When the British go abroad they usually want to go somewhere warm. Spain and the Spanish islands of Majorca and Ibiza are popular, as are other places in southern Europe. For skiing, people often go to the Alps.Passage IIWelcoming the New YearEvery country in the world celebrates New Year but not everyone does it on the same day. The countries of North and South America and Europe welcome the New Year on January 1. This practice began with the Romans. Julius Caesar, a Roman ruler, changed the date of the New Year from the first day of March to the first day of January. In the Middle East, New Year is on the day when spring begins. People in China celebrate it on the Spring Festival, which is the first day of their lunar calendar. The Spring Festival usually comes between January 21 and February 19. Rosh Hashana, which is the Jewish New Year, comes at the end of summer.In all of these cultures, there is a tradition of making noise. People made noise in ancient times to drive away the evil spirits from home. Today many people do it with fireworks. In Japan, people go from house to house making noise with drums and bamboo sticks. Young people in Denmark throw broken pieces of jars or pots against the sides of friends' houses.In the United States, many people stay up until midnight on New Year's Eve to watch the clock pass from one year to the next. Friends often gather together at a party on New Year's Eve, and when the New Year comes, all ring bells, blow horns, blow whistles, and kiss each other.In many European countries, families start the new year by first attending church service, which is followed by paying calls to friends and relatives. Italian boys and girls receive gifts of money on New Year's Day.New Year's Day is more joyful than Christmas in France and Scotland, In these countries Christmas is a religious holiday only, while the New Year is the time for gift-giving, parties, and visits.Passage IIIThe Spring FestivalThe Spring Festival is the most important festival for the Chinese. It comes on the first day of the first month according to Chinese lunar calendar. It marks the beginning of a new year. It's also an occasion for family reunion. Family members and relatives get together to say goodbye to the old year and greet the new one. Guonian means "passing the year." People start preparing for it half a month before it comes. They clean their houses thoroughly, decorate them and even paint them; they buy new clothes for children, and they prepare food for the big feast on the eve of the festival. On the eve of the festival, the whole extended family comes together for a big dinner. Dumplings are a must for this festival dinner in northern China, while for southerners niangao —a sticky sweet rice pudding —is the traditional food for this occasion. People stay up until midnight chatting, playing mah-jong or watching TV. At the turn of the old and the New Year, people used to let off firecrackers to greet the arrival of the New Year. In the old days people believed setting off firecrackers could drive away the evil spirits. But now, people make phone calls or send messages on mobile phones to exchange New Year's greetings. Early in the morning, children greet their parents and are given Hongbao —cash tucked inside red envelopes. The Lantern Festival, on the 15th of the first month according to the lunar calendar, is considered the formal end of the Spring Festival. It is an occasion of lantern displays and folk dances everywhere.One typical food is Yuanxiao — dumplings made of sweet rice rolled into balls with all sorts of filling. The Spring Festival is a national holiday. For most people, it lasts seven days. In the past, people stayed with their families at home. Few traveled during the holiday. Nowadays things have changed.Part C Speakingi. Reflection on the topic"Holiday" is an expression we are familiar with, but few of us have tried to know its origin when enjoying a holiday. Every country in the world has its holidays. Some of them are meaningless, such as those created by companies in order to sell their products, whereas others honor either people or events.A good case in point is the National Day in China. It honors the founding of a new China on October 1, 1949. The other example is Christmas, which is the annual festival celebrating the birth of Jesus Christ in Christendom on Dec. 25.ii. Question for discussion1. Name as many Chinese holidays as possible.2. Talk about one holiday you are familiar with: its origin, the way of celebrating it, etc.3. If you could create a new holiday, what person or event would it honor? Give the reasons. And in what way would you want people to celebrate it?iii. Useful sentences or paragraphs for answers to the questions2. The Spring Festival:The Spring Festival honors an unusual event. In ancient China, man,meaning "year", was believed to be fierce. A man-eating monster came out every year as winter ended and spring began. To keep the monster away, people gathered together, built bonfires, and threw dry bamboo sticks onto the fire. It was believed that the crackling of burning bamboo would drive the monster away. After the night passed and the new day arrived, people felt safe and then they brought out a great array of food to celebrate their victory over the monster. Gradually, the date of the festival was fixed and it became the Spring Festival.Chinese people have developed different activities to celebrate the first day of the Lunar New Year.☆People visit their relatives, neighbors and friends. The family gets together for reunion dinners.☆In the north of China, the typical food of the festival dinner is dumplings and in the south sticky rice puddings.☆Setting off fireworks is necessary.☆The way people celebrate it is now changing. Visiting libraries, bookstores, restaurants, health care centers, or traveling during the festival period, is becoming new ways of celebration.3. If I could create a new holiday, I would like to honor someone who has significantly changed our lives. That person would be Bill Gates. The name of the holiday would be "Bill Gates Day." ☆Bill Gates made computer operating systems user-friendly, thereby opening the door to hundreds of millions of untrained users. Before Bill invented Windows, we had to learn how to speak the computer's command language before we could operate it. It was a rather complicated job. Now, a computer is so easy to operate that even a child can use one.☆Before we had Windows, a computer could only use the programs created by the manufacturer of that computer. There were very few good programs available and most of them were written only for the very expensive brands. Now, with Windows, we can buy an incredible variety of great software programs for as little as $5 and they will run on any Windows computer.☆The way I would want people to celebrate "Bill Gates Day" would be to turn off their computers and stop using computers for 24 hours. It would be a wonderful way to experience what life used to be like before we had computers and it might also remind us of how dependent we are on computers today.。

新世纪研究生公共英语教材课后答案

Unit11. When you are asked to fill out an application form, you are often required to write downyour permanent address.2. All the employees had assembled in the hall before the meeting started.3. The porters are busy discharging the cargo from the ship onto the dock.4. Jack spoke to his boss meekly because he was late again for the work.5. He worked as a(n)apprentice until he became skillful.6. A teacher should not show partiality to one particular student.7. The politician made a speech full of obscure political jokes and many people fell asleepduring his speech.8. Mary has been exalted to the position of personnel manager due to her hard work.9. You look quite busy now. I hope I am not intruding.10. The delegation was cordially welcomed by the local government.11. Ben told his mother that his ambition was to become an astronaut in the future.12. The captured solider faced up gallantly to the Nazi enemy and said that he would neverbetray his motherland.1.他想当足球明星的梦想随着时间的推移慢慢消退了。

新世纪研究生公共英语教材(上)听力原文lesson2

LESSON two1. M: Do you still want to go to the graduate研究生的school after you get out of college?W: I've changed my mind about that. I want to start working before I go back to school.Q: What does the woman mean?2. M: We've got a whole hour before the Browns come by来串门, 来访to pick us up安排接取; 使搭乘; 搭救.W: Yeah. But we'd better get moving赶快；快些开始.Q: What does the woman suggest they do?3. M: I'm thinking of getting a new printer.W: I'd invest in在…上投资, 在…投入(时间、精力等) a laser[ˈleizə激光] printer. The print quality is much better.Q: What does the woman mean?4. W: I've got a coupon[ˈku:pɔn]配给券；（购物）票证；（购物）优惠券for half-off五折dinner at that new restaurant down the street. I think I'll use it when my cousin[ˈkʌzn]堂[表]兄弟[姊妹] comes for a visit this weekend.M: Where did you get it? I wouldn't mind（trying that place out too）试验.Q: What does the man want to know?5. W: What's Laura doing here today? I thought she was supposed 料想; 猜想; 以为to be out of离开了the office on Mondays.W: She decided she'd rather have Fridays off instead.Q: What can be inferred about Laura?6. M: I need to find a new roommate <英>室友,住在同室的人.W: So John's going to California after all.Q: What can be inferred from the conversation?7. M: My math assignment's工作, 任务due 到期的tomorrow morning andI haven't even started it yet.W: I'll miss想念, 惦记you at the party tonight.Q: What does the woman imply?8. W: Those packages包, 包裹, 包在一起的东西took forever长久地；（与动词进行时连用）老是，没完没了地to arrive.M: But they did arrive, didn't they?Q: What does the man say about the packages?9. M: My parents are coming to see our apartment一套房间, 一户this weekend.W: Looks as if I'd better lend you my vacuum[ˈvækjuəm]〈口〉真空吸尘器cleaner 净化器then.Q: What does the woman imply?10. M: Sarah, did you have a chance to buy that new novel you wanted? W: No, but I had Doris get it for me.Q: What does Sarah say about the novel?11. M: I've been waiting all week for this concert. The philharmonic[filɑ:ˈmɔnik]交响乐团is supposed to be excellent and with our student discoun[ˈdiskaunt]数目, 折扣t the tickets will be really cheap.W: Uh -- uh, I'm afraid I left my student ID in my other purse钱包. Q: What does the woman imply?暗示, 暗指12. M: The university bookstore opens at 9 in the morning.W: Oh, dear. I need a textbook教科书, 课本for my eight o'clock class today.Q: What does the woman mean?13. M: The storm暴风雨[雪] last night damaged some of the neighbor's roofs.W: no wonder不足为奇.Q: What does the woman mean?14. M: You've certainly无疑地; 确定地；肯定地been reading that one page for a long time now.W: Well, I'm being tested on it tomorrow.Q: What does the woman imply暗示?15. W: Another thing we need to do is show the new students around town. You know, show them all the sights视野；风景of the area.M: I don't see why we need to do that ourselves. I understand the visitors' center offers a wonderful bus tour旅行, 观光.Q: What does the man suggest they do?PART BPassage I:People in the US get a two-week paid有报酬的;领取报酬的vacation from their job every year. Most British people have four or five weeks paid holiday a year. Americans often complain抱怨, 诉苦; 投诉that two weeks is not enough especially when they hear about the longer holidays that Europeans enjoy. In addition, there are eight days in each Europeancountry, which are public holidays (the British call Bank Holiday) and many of these fall on落到, 轮到a Monday giving people a long weekend.What do people do in Britain and the US when they are on holidays? In the US, outdoor vacations are popular, for example, at the Grand Canyon峡谷or Yellowstone or other national parks or forests. Young people may go walking or camping 宿营, 露营in the mountains. Many people have small trailers拖车, 挂车in which to travel, or if they are in a car, they may stay at motels汽车旅馆on the journey旅行; 行程;. Disneyland and Disney world are also popular and people can go skiingin the Rocky洛矶Mountains of Colorado科罗拉多州, Wyoming怀俄明州and Montana蒙大纳(美国州名). Some children go to summer camp for a holiday during the summer vacation from school, where they do special activities, such as sports or crafts技巧；技能；技艺. When Americans want a holiday for fun in the sun, they usually go to Florida, Hawaii, Mexico or the Caribbean. They may go to Europe for culture, for example, to see art, plays, and places of historic历史上著名（或重要）的interest.In Britain, many people like to go to the seaside for holidays. There are places near the sea, such as Backpool, Scarborough斯卡波罗and Bournemouth伯恩茅斯, where there is plenty充裕, 大量, 富庶to do even when it rains. People also like to go to the country, especially to walk, in places like Scotland, Wales and the Lake湖泊District. When the British go abroad they usually want to go somewhere warm. Spain and the Spanish islands of Majorea and Ibiza伊比沙岛are popular as are other places in southern Europe. For skiing, people often go to the Alps阿尔卑斯山.1. How long a paid vacation can Americans enjoy every year?2. How many days are there about public holidays for Europeans in a year? weeks.3. Where do Americans usually go for fun in the sun?4. Where do Americans usually spend their holidays for culture?5. British people usually go to Spain for holidays. What for?l. ( ) Many of the public holidays are on Friday in Britain.2. ( ) Americans like to have outdoor activities during their vacations.3. ( ) Some American children do some special activities in the summer camps during their vacations.4. ( ) When British people go abroad, they usually go for culture.5. ( ) For the British, the Alps is a skiing resort度假胜地, 旅游胜地. Passage II:Every country in the world celebrates New Year but not everyone does it on the same day. The countries of North and South America and Europe welcome the New Year on January 1. This practice began with the Romans. Julius Caesar, a Roman ruler, changed the date of the New Year from the first day of March to the first day of January. In the Middle East, New Year is on the day when spring begins. People in China celebrate it on the Spring Festival, which is the first day of their lunar [ˈlju:nə] 月的, 月球的;按阴历的calendar[ˈkælində] 日历, 月历. The Spring Festival usually comes between January 21 and February 19. Rosh Hashana犹太新年, which is the Jewish New Year, comes at the end of summer.In all of these cultures, there is a tradition of making noise. People made noise in ancient times to drive away the evil邪恶的, 坏的，恶毒的spirits神灵, 幽灵from home. Many people do it with fire-works. In Japan, people go from house to house making noise with drums 鼓, 鼓状物and bamboo竹, 竹竿sticks棍, 棒. Young people in Denmark丹麦throw broken pieces of jars罐子, 广口瓶or pots against the sides of friends' houses.In the United States, many people stay up until midnight on New Year's Eve前日, 前夕to watch the clock pass from one year to the next. Friends often gather together at a party on New Year's Eve, and when the New Year comes, all ring环状物, 圆圈bells钟, 铃, 电铃, blow吹horns[hɔ:n]号, 号角, blow whistle哨子, 汽笛songs, and kiss each other.In many European countries, families start the new year by first attending church services, which is followed by paying calls on friends and relatives. Italian boys and girls receive gifts of money on New Year's Day.New Year's Day is more joyful快乐的, 高兴的than Christmas圣诞节in France and Scotland. In these countries Christmas is a religious holiday only, while the New Year is the time for gifts-giving, parties, and visits.1. Who changed the date of the New Year from March 1 to January 172. When does the Jewish New Year begin?3. Why did people make noise in ancient times when they celebrated the New Year?4. According to the speaker, how do the children in Denmark celebrate the New Year?5. In which country do children receive gifts of money on New Year's Day?1. ( ) People in the Middle East welcome the New Year on January 1.2. ( )The Spring Festival usually comes between January 21 and February 19.3. ( ) On New Year's Day, many people make noise with fireworks.4. ( ) In all European countries, families start the new year by paying calls on friends and relatives.5. ( ) Christmas is the most joyful and important festival of the year in France.Passage 3:Hundreds of years ago in England, many children dressed up as adults on Valentine's Day and they went singing from home to home. In Wales, wooden love spoons were carved and given as gifts on February 14th. Hearts, keys and keyholes were favorite decorations on the spoons. The decoration meant, "You unlock my heart!" In the Middle Ages, young men and women drew names from a bowl to see who their valentines would be. They would wear these names on their sleeves for one week. To wear your heart on your sleeve now means that it is easy for other people to know how you are feeling. In some countries, a young womanmay receive a gift of clothing from a young man. If she keeps the gift, it means she will marry him. Some people used to believe that if a woman saw a robin flying overhead on Valentine's Day, it meant she would marry a sailor. If she saw a sparrow, she would marry a poor man and be very happy. If she saw a goldfinch, she would marry a millionaire.A love seat is a wide chair. It was first made to seat one woman and her wide dress. Later, the love seat or courting seat had two sections, often in an S-shape. In this way, a couple could sit together -- but not too closely! Think of five or six names of boys or girls you might marry. As you twist the stem of an apple, recite the names until the stem comes off. You will marry the person whose name you were saying when the stem fell off. Pick a dandelion that has gone to seed. Take a deep breath and blow the seeds into the wind. Count the seeds that remain on the stem. That is the number of children you will have. If you cut an apple in half and count how many seeds are inside, you will also know how many children you will have.1. According to the passage, who would dress up on Valentine's Day hundreds of years ago in England?2. What are NOT mentioned as the favorite decorations on the carved spoons?3. According to the passage, what kind of person would a woman marry if she saw4. Why was a love seat made?5. According to the passage, when a woman twists the stem of an apple, what does the woman want to see?1.(T) To wear your heart on your sleeve means that it's easy for other people to know how you are feeling.2. (T) If a woman keeps the gift of clothing from a young man, it means that she will marry him.3. (F) A love seat was made in an S-shape for a couple to sit on comfortably.4. (F) Nowadays, we think that if a woman sees a sparrow flying overhead on Valentine's Day, she will marry a poor man and be very happy.5. ( T ) According to the passage, you can guess how many children you will have with the help of an apple or a dandelion.PART C1) 1947 2) Yale Law School 3) a brave face 4) family life 5) stood by 6) on her husband's behalf 7) highlight 8) the White House9) relationship 10) her marriage 11)all Americans 12) the First Lady 13) 1996 14) lawfirm15) public stage 16)everybody 17) the same thing 18) in private 19) public responsibilities 20) a true home。

研究生英语精读教程[上册]Unit 2

[ 7 ] But Ames slaughters﹡ sacred cows﹡. He's taking on the environmental movement, which some have called the single most important social movement of the 20th century. In April 1987, for instance, he and two colleagues, Renae Magaw and Lois Swirsky Gold, published a report in Science magazine that ranked various possible cancer risks.
[ 1 ] Last year, California governor George Deukmejian① called together many of the state's best scientific minds to begin implementing﹡ Proposition﹡ 65, the state's Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act②. This new law bans industries from discharging chemical suspected of causing cancer (carcinogens) or birth defects into water supplies. Some claim it will also require warning labels on everything that might cause cancer.

新世纪大学英语综合教程2Unit2TextA课文翻译

Unit 2 Text A Three Days to See看见东西的三天海伦·凯勒1 我们大家都读过一些令人激动的故事，这些故事里的主人公仅仅活在有限并且特定的时间内，有时长达一年，有时短到２４小时。

但我们总是有兴趣发现，那命中注定要死的是那些有选择自由的人，而不是那些活动范围被严格限定了的判了刑的犯人。

2 这样的故事让我们思考，在相似的情况下，我们该怎么办，作为终有一死的人，在那最终的几个小时内安排什么事件，什么经历，什么交往？在回顾往事时，我们该找到什么快乐？什么悔恨？3 有时我想到，过好每一天是个非常好的习惯，似乎我们明天就会死去。

这种态度鲜明地强调了生命的价值。

我们应该以优雅、精力充沛、善知乐趣的方式过好每一天。

而当岁月推移，在经常瞻观未来之时日、未来之年月中，这些又常常失去。

当然，也有人愿按伊壁鸠鲁的信条“吃、喝和欢乐”去生活。

（译注：伊壁鸠鲁是古希腊哲学家，他认为生活的主题目的是享乐，而最高的享受唯通过合理的生活，如自我控制才能得到。

因为生活享受的目的被过分强调，而达此目的之手段被忽视，所以伊壁鸠鲁的信徒现今变为追求享乐的人。

他们的信条是：“让我们吃喝，因为明天我们就死亡”），但绝大多数人还是被即将面临死亡的必然性所折磨。

4 但是，我们大多数人把生活认为是理所当然的。

我们知道，某一天我们一定会死，但通常我们把那天想象在遥远的将来。

当我们心宽体健时，死亡几乎是不可想象的，我们很少想到它。

时日在无穷的展望中延展着，于是我们干着琐碎的事情，几乎意识不到我们对生活的倦怠态度。

5 恐怕，同倦的懒散也成为利用我们所有的本能和感觉的特点。

只有聋子才珍惜听力，唯有瞎子才体会到能看见事物的种种幸福，这种结论特别适合于那些在成年阶段失去视力和听力的人们，而那些从没有遭受视觉或听觉损伤之苦的人却很少充分利用这些天赐的官能。

他们模模糊糊地眼观八方，耳听各音，毫无重点，不会鉴赏，还是那相同的老话，对我们所有的官能不知珍惜，直至失去它，对我们的健康意识不到，直至生病时。

新世纪大学英语教材第二版综合教程2 unit2

Get Started
Read and Explore
Enhance Your Language Awareness
Get Started
Unit 2
Discussion
Quotes
Watching and Discussion
Sit in groups of threes or fours and discuss the following questions.
1. How do you feel about your present life? 2. Are you in a bad mood sometimes? If so, why? 3. Do you know how to keep yourself in a good mood? 4. How do you react to difficulties in life? Can you give
Unit 2
Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human
face.
— Victor Hugo
Click Picture
Interpretation:
When we feel disappointed, sad, lonely or miserable, we tend to feel as if we were living in winter. But laughter is a good medicine and it can work miracles. If we make a conscious effort to laugh, we will soon find that we are in a better mood. Here, Victor Hugo tells us, in a humorous way, the importance of being optimistic in times of adversity.

新世纪大学英语3-Unit2课文翻译及单词解析

你的爱有多深曼茜·巴蒂亚有人认为爱如浮云有人认为爱坚强如铁有人认为爱是一种生活方式有人认为爱是一种感觉有人说爱要执着有人说爱不要约束有人说爱是生命的全部有人说不知道爱为何物在我们生命中的某个阶段，我们会经历难以名状的情感。

这种情感只能体会，无法用语言描述。

莫大的喜悦伴随着丝丝的伤感一同降临，这就是爱。

在紧张忙碌的生活中，我们竟能找到时间，沉湎于感情之中，这的确令人感佩。

然而，此时我想知道：我们是否懂得爱到底有多么深刻。

记得上学的时候，我迷恋的对象真是数不清：我的数学老师、邻居的儿子、好朋友的弟弟，还有另外一些因为眼睛的颜色、胡子的形状或走路的姿势而让我倾慕的人。

年少时的爱慕，不会带来伤害，如肥皂泡一样转瞬即逝。

那些稚气、大胆的想法和行为，现在想来大可一笑了之。

但是，在那时，对我来说，没有比恋爱更重要的事了。

接着就进入了真正“谈”情“说”爱的阶段。

我在女子学校学习，和男孩子交往的机会寥寥无几，因此，我热切地期待着我们学校和男子学校举办的交谊会。

交谊会上，一群精心打扮的年轻男子毫无顾忌地盯着我们。

这三个小时中的点点滴滴，成了我们在以后四个星期中足够的谈资，我们在议论时，心情澎湃。

即使是在那个时候，我也没有真正交男朋友的需要。

在我的成长岁月中，不知何故，我相信爱情该来的时候自然会来。

事实果真如此。

当我有了稳定的工作，有了长期的计划和比较安定的生活（我现在还不到25岁呢！）时，爱情降临了。

我也比较成熟了，能够步入不贪图许多回报而需要大量付出的感情关系。

我的爱情是在友谊这块地基上建起的高楼大厦。

爱情经过旷日持久的培养才开花。

我和我的恋人相互理解、同甘共苦、相互关心，投入了丰富的感情，才使爱情发展到今天。

爱情意味着情投意合。

你也许会说，我属于浪漫的传统派。

但是，依我看，爱情需要培养。

我们必须把爱情同强烈而短暂的激情或身体的愉悦区别开来。

我们的父辈，接受了理想爱情的灌输。

那是一个约束、压抑、崇敬、仰慕和十足浪漫的年代。

新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读B(学生用书)Unit 2词汇

1lush [lʌʃ]adj.丰富的，豪华的；苍翠繁茂的2libido [li'bi:dəu]n. 性欲；生命力3wobbly ['wɔbli]adj. 不稳定的；摆动的；歪斜的4stock [stɒk]adj. 存货的，常备的；平凡的5awe [ɔ:]n. 敬畏；惧怕6withered ['wɪðəd]adj. 枯萎的；憔悴的；凋谢了的；尽是皱纹的7spinster ['spinstə]n. 老姑娘；未婚女人8Parisian [pə'rizjən]n. 巴黎人9spoils [spɔilz]n. 战利品（spoil的复数）；赃物10scoot [sku:t]vt.迅速跑开；猛冲11clutch [klʌtʃ]vt.抓住；紧握12rave [reiv]v. 赞扬；吹捧13antisocial [,ænti'səuʃəl]adj. 反社会的；扰乱社会的；不爱交际的14sage [seidʒ]n. 圣人；贤人；哲人15meditation [,medi'teiʃən]n. 冥想；沉思，深思16embrace [im'breis]vt.拥抱；信奉，皈依；包含17demographer [di:'mɔɡrəfə]n. [统计] 人口统计学家，人口学家18momentum [məu'mentəm]n. 势头；[物] 动量；动力；冲力19wreak[riːk]vt.发泄；报仇；造成（巨大的破坏或伤害）20havoc ['hævək]n. 大破坏；浩劫；蹂躏21Spaniard ['spænjəd]n. 西班牙人22Scandinavian [,skændi'neiviən; -vjən]n. 斯堪的纳维亚人；斯堪的纳维亚语；北欧日耳曼语系23Briton ['britən]n. 英国人；大不列颠人24outnumber [,aut'nʌmbə]vt.数目超过；比…多25tony ['təuni]adj. 时髦的，漂亮的；贵族化的26track [træk]n. 轨道；足迹，踪迹；小道27foster ['fɔstə]vt.培养；养育，抚育；抱（希望等）28sharp [ʃɑ:p]adj. 急剧的；锋利的；强烈的；敏捷的；刺耳的；精明的；漂亮的；潇洒的；时髦的29savvy ['sævi]adj. 有经验的；聪慧的30temperamentally [,temprə'mentli]adv. 气质地31affiliate [ə'filieit, ə'filiit, -eit]n. 联号；隶属的机构等；分支机构；会员32hefty ['hefti]adj. 重的；肌肉发达的；异常大的；强壮的；有力的；相当多的33crop [krɔp]n. 产量；农作物；庄稼；平头34connotation [,kɔnəu'teiʃən]n. 内涵；含蓄；暗示，隐含意义；储蓄的东西（词、语等）35wanderlust ['wɔndəlʌst]n. 流浪癖；漫游癖；旅游热36shy [ʃai]adj. 害羞的；畏缩的，胆怯的；不足的；未达到的；缺乏的37allot [ə'lɔt]vt.分配；拨给；分派38addictive [ə'dɪktɪv]adj. 使人上瘾的39strain [streɪn]vt.拉紧；滥用；滤去；竭力40complex ['kɔmpleks]n. 复合体；综合设施；建筑群；综合性建筑41driven['drɪvn]adj. 被动的，受到驱策的；有紧迫感的；（人）发愤图强的42gentrification [,dʒentrifi'keiʃən]n. 下层住宅高档化；乡绅化43latte ['lɑːteɪ; 'læteɪ]n. 牛奶；拿铁咖啡（coffee latte）44mainstay ['meinstei]n. 支柱；中流砥柱；主要的依靠；主桅支索45urbanite ['ə:bənait]n. 都市人46lager ['lɑ:ɡə]n. （美）贮藏啤酒（等于lager beer）47bicker ['bikə]vi. 闪动；斗嘴；潺潺而流48committed [kə'mitid]adj. 坚定的；效忠的；承担义务的49requisite ['rekwizit]adj. 必备的，必不可少的；需要的50hypothetical [,haipəu'θetikəl]adj. 假设的；爱猜想的51vista ['vistə]n. 远景，狭长的街景；展望；回顾52marketer ['mɑ:kitə]n. [贸易] 市场商人；市场营销人员53clamorous ['klæmərəs]adj. 吵闹的；大声要求的54groan [ɡrəun]vt.呻吟；抱怨55compact [kəm'pækt, 'kɔmpækt]adj. 紧凑的，紧密的；简洁的56prop [prɒp]n. 支柱，支撑物；支持者；道具；（橄榄球中的）支柱前锋57churn [tʃə:n]vt.搅拌；搅动58cellulite ['selju:lait]n. （胖女人臀腿部的）脂肪团59stiletto heel[stɪ'letəʊ]n.（女式高跟皮鞋的）细鞋跟60buoyant ['bɔiənt]adj. 轻快的；有浮力的；上涨的61diabetes [,daiə'bi:ti:z]n. 糖尿病；多尿症62portal ['pɔ:təl, 'pəu-]n. 大门，入口63sublime [sə'blaim]adj. 庄严的；令人崇敬的；极端的；超群的64sexologist [seks'ɔlədʒist]n. 性学家；性科学家65heterosexual [,hetərəu'seksjuəl]adj. 异性的；异性恋的66attached [ə'tætʃt]adj. 附加的；依恋的，充满爱心的67buzz [bʌz]vi. 作嗡嗡声；东奔西忙68modem ['məudem]n. 调制解调器（等于modulator-demodulator）69cheeky ['tʃi:ki]adj. 无耻的；厚脸皮的70shod ['ʃɔd]adj. 穿鞋的；装有蹄铁的；有金属包头的71mandatory ['mændətəri:, -,tɔ:ri]adj. 强制的；托管的；命令的72fusion['fjuːʒ(ə)n]n. 融合；熔化；熔接；融合物；[物] 核聚变73tramp [træmp]vi. 流浪；践踏，踩；脚步沉重地行走74divorcee [divɔ:'si:, -'sei]n. 离了婚的人75seismic ['saizmik, 'sais-]adj. 地震的；因地震而引起的76societal [sə'saiətəl]adj. 社会的77flurry ['flʌri]vi. 慌张；激动78penthouse ['penthaus]n. 阁楼；顶层公寓，屋顶房间79mortgage ['mɔ:ɡidʒ]n. 抵押80diaper ['daiəpə]n. 尿布81ominous ['ɔminəs]adj. 预兆的；不吉利的82slant [slɑ:nt, slænt]vi. 倾斜；有倾向83prickle ['prikl]vt.针一般地刺；戳；使感到刺痛84tuna ['tju:nə]n. 金枪鱼，鲔鱼85wistful [英[ˈwɪstfl] 美[ˈwɪstfəl]adj. 渴望的；沉思的，默想的；引起怀念的；不满足似的86coupon ['ku:pɔn]n. 息票；赠券；联票；[经] 配给券87whiff [hwif]n. 一点点；单人小划艇；琴鲆属鱼；吸气或吹气88precariousness [pri'kɛəriəsnis]n. 不安全；不稳定89ballast ['bæləst]n. 压舱物，[建] 压载物；道渣，碎石90curmudgeon [kə:'mʌdʒən]n. 脾气坏的人，乖戾的人；吝啬鬼；存心不良的人91mortal ['mɔ:təl]n. 人类，凡人92accrete [æ'kri:t]vi. 合生；增大生长；依附93toppling v. 推翻（topple的ing形式）94ritual ['ritjuəl, -tʃu-]n. 仪式；惯例；礼制95consolation [,kɔnsə'leiʃən]n. 安慰；慰问；起安慰作用的人或事物96void [vɔid]n. 空虚；空间；空隙97hallmark ['hɔ:lmɑ:k]n. 特点；品质证明98snug [snʌɡ]adj. 舒适的；温暖的；紧身的；隐藏的99smug [smʌɡ]adj. 自鸣得意的；自以为是的；整洁的100s pineless ['spainlis]adj. 没有骨气的；无脊椎的；懦弱的101m uffler ['mʌflə]n. 围巾；消音器；面纱；厚手套102d affodil ['dæfədil]n. 水仙花103b enign [bi'nain]adj. 良性的；和蔼的，亲切的；吉利的104o ft [ɔft, ɔ:ft]adv. 常常；再三105c ontemplation [,kɔntem'pleiʃən]n. 沉思；注视；意图106p lume [plu:m]vt.用羽毛装饰107r apturous ['ræptʃərəs]adj. 狂喜的；兴高采烈的；欢天喜地的108m using ['mju:ziŋ]adj. 沉思的；瞑想的109w holesome ['həulsəm]adj. 健全的；有益健康的；合乎卫生的；审慎的110d issipating v. 驱散，消散（dissipate的ing形式）111s elf-effacing ['selfə'feisiŋ]adj. 谦让的；谦逊的；不出风头的112l urk [lə:k]vi. 潜伏；潜藏；埋伏113s quander ['skwɔndə]vt.浪费114c edar ['si:də]n. 雪松；香柏；西洋杉木115l itany ['litəni]n. 冗长而枯燥的陈述；连祷116a rgyle [a:'gail]n. 多色菱形花纹；多色菱形图案的袜子117w indowsill ['windəusil]n. [建] 窗台；[建] 窗沿118g astronomical [ɡæstrə'nɔmik,-kəl]adj. 美食学的，美食法的119l atchkey ['lætʃki:]n. （尤指住所前门的）门锁钥匙；弹簧锁钥匙120s hove [ʃʌv]vt.挤；强使；撞；猛推121I RS abbr. 美国国税局（Internal Revenue Service）122m ayonnaise [,meiə'neiz]n. 蛋黄酱123w obble ['wɔbl]vi. 摇晃；摇摆；游移不定124m arshmallow ['mɑ:ʃ,meləu]n. 棉花糖；蜀葵糖剂；药蜀葵125m oonscape ['mu:nskeip]n. 月球表面；月面景色126e nchanted [in'tʃa:ntid]adj. 被施魔法的127w ring [riŋ]vt.拧；绞；紧握；使痛苦；折磨。

新世纪研究生英语-Unit 2 Tne New Singles

1.
2.
2013-7-15
17
rave about

speak about with great enthusiasm; praise greatly如痴如醉地谈起,愤愤不平地
说; 大肆吹捧,对...赞不绝口ved about the clothes she had seen at the Paris fashion shows. Everyone is raving about that new restaurant in town.
12
2013-7-15
2013-7-15
13

MAZDA“马自达”、 MotorenWerke （BMW）“宝马”、 Citroen“雪铁龙 “Volkswagen‖大众，Wagen汽车 Chrysler克莱斯勒 Mitsubishi三菱 Benz奔驰 Rolls-Royce劳斯莱斯 Chevrolet雪佛兰 LandRover路虎 Audi奥迪
2013-7-15
20
embrace

1.
2.
accept enthusiastically; include (sth which forms an important part) You’d be a fool not to embrace an opportunity as good as that. Linguistics embraces a diverse range of subjects such as phonetics and stylistics.
2013-7-15
9
equal-opportunity
1.
We arrange for girls and boys to have equal opportunity/opportunities to study all subjects. The advertisement said ―We are an equal opportunities employer.‖

新世纪大学英语视听说教程3原文unit2

新世纪大学英语视听说教程3原文unit2Unit 2 Indoors and OutdoorsListeningAudio Track 3-2-1A: How many of the items above are in your home?B: In my home, we have the air conditioner, alarm clock, washing machine, remote control and frying pan.A: Where are they usually kept?B: Well, we keep the remote control in the living room because that’s where the TV is. The air conditioner is in the living room, too. You’ll find the frying pan and washing machine in the kitchen. The alarm clock is in my bedroom because I need it to help me to wake up in the morning.A: Which items are necessary?B: I think all the items I’ve mentioned are necessary.A: Which are luxury items?B: Well, I guess some people would say that the remote control and TV are luxury items, but actually they are becoming popular today.Audio Track 3-2-2/Audio Track 3-2-3Jenna: OK, I think we have two choices. The first place is a little house. It’s located in a fruit orchard.Carson: Really?Jenna: Yeah. And you can eat as much fruit as you want. When i t’s in season, of course. Oh … but wait. It says there’s no air conditioner. Carson: That’s OK. It’s on the rainy side of the island. It’s cooler there. We can use a fan. Jenna: You’re probably right … Say. It looks pretty basic. No washing machine or drye r … not even a TV!Carson: Oh no! What are we going to do without a TV! That’s terrible!Jenna: Very funny. I’m just letting you knowabout the place.Carson: I know. What’s our second choice? Jenna: It’s on the opposite side — the sunny side —of the island. Very fancy place with a big swimming pool. It’s only three blocks from the ocean.Carson: Who needs a swimming pool? I mean, it’s only three blocks.Jenna: I see your point. Well, the pool area also has barbecue grills, beautiful gardens …Carson: You like the second place better. I can tell.Jenna: Well, it does have everything. Washing machine, dryer, TV, VCR, frying pan …Carson: All we need is a toothbrush and a swimsuit … Let’s go with the second choice. Jenna: OK. I’ll call them right now and rese rve it. I can’t wait to go!Audio Track 3-2-4/Audio Track 3-2-5Ashley: Excuse me. I’m trying to get to the CityZoo.José: Oh, let me think. … OK, um, how are you getting there?Ashley: I want to drive, if it’s convenient.José: Well, the directions are easy. See that road over there?Ashley: Yes.José: That’s Second Avenue. Just go straight down Second and turn left at the traffic light. Ashley: OK.José: You’ll be on Church Avenue and it goes straight to the zoo.Ashley: Oh, so it’s not too far.José: No, but the traffic is usually heavy. And I don’t think the zoo has many parking spaces available for cars.Ashley: Hmm …José: Maybe you should take the subway. Ashley: Where do I catch it?José: There’s a subway entrance right in front of the park. Take the red line three stops. Get off at the City Zoo stop. It’s pretty obvious.Ashley: Thanks a lot.José: No problem.Ashley: Oh, wait. One more thing. How much does the subway cost?José: Two dollars.Audio Track 3-2-6Realtor: Hello, Mrs. Willis. I think this house is perfect for you. I hope you like it.Mrs. Willis: It’s nice and roomy.Realtor: Yes, there’s a lot of room. It’s a four-bedroom house.Mrs. Willis: Great. I need a room for my home office because I work at home a lot. And I need two rooms for my kids.Realtor: And there’s also a big yard.Mrs. Willis: Great! I’d love to have a garden. My kids can play there.Realtor: Shall we go outside and have a look? Mrs. Willis: OK.Audio Track 3-2-7There are several ways to improve life in my city. Our biggest problem is transportation. We really need more ways to get around. I’d like to ride my bicycle to work, but there is too much traffic on the streets. We need safer places for bicycling and walking. Another problem is the parks. We have some nice parks, but we don’t take good care of them and they are often dirty. We need cleaner parks, where children can play and adults can relax. One more problem is nightlife. There’s nothing to do in the evening! We should build a big theater for plays and concerts.Audio Track 3-2-8/Audio Track 3-2-9Take back your street!Two neighbors meet on a city sidewalk. They talk about planting more flowers along their street, or asking the city council to add bikelanes to a busy road. In small but important ways, these people are changing the face of their cities.All around the world, people are speaking up and working hard to make their cities safer and more pleasant for pedestrians. Cities have painted crosswalks on their streets, made streets narrower, put in traffic lights and speed bumps, and made plans to help more kids walk or bike to school. Many people have learned from a man from Brisbane, Australia, named David Engwicht. His book Reclaiming Our Cities and Towns has a simple message. He says that in the past, streets belonged to everybody. Kids played there, and neighbors stopped there to talk.But now, streets are just for cars and trucks. People stay inside to get away from the noise and dangerous traffic, and we lose contact with our neighbors. Engwicht says that we should use streets for more than just transportation. People need to take back their streets.Engwicht travels around the world, helpingpeople think differently about pedestrians, streets, and neighborhoods. Besides his books and articles, he gives many speeches. He has worked in neighborhoods from Honolulu to Scotland.While Engwicht was writing his book, he learned about how neighbors in the city Delft, in the Netherlands, stopped dangerous traffic on their street. They put old couches, tables, and planters in the streets. Cars could still pass, but they had to drive slowly. When the police arrived, they saw the value of these illegal actions to make the streets safer. Soon city officials started planning ways to make cars slow down, and “calm” the traffic.Engwicht says we should think about streets as our “outdoor living room.” Calming the traffic is just the beginning. In the future, streets will be safe places for children again, and our neighbors will become our friends.Audio Track 3-2-10Creating spacesJin Hee Park is a student at Stanford University in California. She studies hard. “Of course, I came here for the academics,” she says. “But it doesn’t hurt that the campus is so beautiful. I walk around sometimes just to relax.” Alejand ro Vega, a banker in New York City, jogs almost every evening after work in Central Park. “I never get bored. The park is so big. I can always find a different path with a new view.”Niagara Falls was on Ross Howard’s list of places to visit in upstate New York. “The footpaths allow you to get a wonderful view. You can even feel the spray from the falls on your face.”What do these three places —Stanford University, Central Park, and Niagara Falls State Park —all have in common? They were all landscaped by Frederick Law Olmsted. Olmsted (1822–1903) has been called the “father of landscape architecture.”In the 1800s, more and more people were moving to the cities. Some community leaders became worried about the quality of life. They began a beautification campaign. In 1857, a design contest was held for a new park in New York City. Olmsted and his partner, Calvert Vaux, won the contest. Central Park was the finished product —the first landscaped public park in the United States. Today, no trip to New York is complete without a visit to this beautiful park.Later in his life, Olmsted designed landscapes for college campuses, including Stanford University. In the late 1860s, he joined the “Free Niagara” movement. Members of the movement wanted to preserve the beauty of Niagara Falls. Despite opposition and pressures from businesses to industrialize the area, Olmsted and others resisted. Olmsted designed footpaths to give visitors better views of the falls. In all his work, Olmsted preferred to preserve the natural beauty of an area.Today, there are pressures again to develop Niagara. On Goat Island, an island in Niagara Falls State Park, there are now souvenir shops. There may be signs that say “No Littering,” but there is still a lot of trash on the island. Most of the animals have disappeared. What would Frederick Law Olmsted say to all this?Audio Track 3-2-11Jin Hee Park is a student at Stanford University in California. She studies hard. “Of course, I came here for the academics,” she says. “But it does n’t hurt that the campus is so beautiful. I walk around sometimes just to relax.” Alejandro Vega, a banker in New York City, jogs almost every evening after work in Central Park. “I never get bored. The park is so big. I can always find a different path wi th a new view.”Niagara Falls was on Ross Howard’s list of places to visit in upstate New York. “The footpaths allow you to get a wonderful view. Youcan even feel the spray from the falls on your face.”What do these three places —Stanford University, Central Park, and Niagara Falls State Park —all have in common? They were all landscaped by Frederick Law Olmsted. Olmsted (1822–1903) has been called the “father of landscape architecture.”Audio Track 3-2-12In the 1800s, more and more people were moving to the cities. Some community leaders became worried about the quality of life. They began a beautification campaign. In 1857, a design contest was held for a new park in New York City. Olmsted and his partner, Calvert Vaux, won the contest. Central Park was the finished product —the first landscaped public park in the United States. Today, no trip to New York is complete without a visit to this beautiful park.Later in his life, Olmsted designed landscapes for college campuses, including Stanford Univer sity. In the late 1860s, he joined the “Free Niagara” movement. Members of the movement wanted to preserve the beauty of Niagara Falls. Despite opposition and pressures from businesses to industrialize the area, Olmsted and others resisted. Olmsted designed footpaths to give visitors better views of the falls. In all his work, Olmsted preferred to preserve the natural beauty of an area.Today, there are pressures again to develop Niagara. On Goat Island, an island in Niagara Falls State Park, there are now souvenir shops. There may be signs that say “No Littering,” but there is still a lot of trash on the island. Most of the animals have disappeared. What would Frederick Law Olmsted say to all this?Speaking & CommunicatioAudio Track 3-2-131. Does that store sell alarm clocks?2. I broke several dishes.3. The club has two swimming pools.Audio Track 3-2-141. They don’t have any vacuum cleaners.2. Please close the curtains.3. He washed all the cups.4. She sold two houses last week.5. Did you water the plants?6. My family has two antique dressers.Audio Track 3-2-15Marcus: This is the living room.Andy: It’s nice and roomy.Marcus: Yes. There’s a lot of room. It’s a twobedroom house. One bedroom is upstairs. Andy: I see. What’s that building?Ma rcus: That’s a shed. It’s used for storingtools.Andy: Great. I like to garden. I need a place for my tools.Marcus: That’s good. Shall we go outside and look at the backyard?Andy: OK!Audio Track 3-2-16A: Of the four different kinds of housing, which one would you choose?B: I’d choose the ranch house, because I like a spacious home. I’d want there to be at least four bedrooms and it should also have a well-equipped kitchen. Furthermore, the house should be located near a mountain and lake so I can enjoy scenic views. I imagine it to be very peaceful.B: Wouldn’t you feel lonely in such a remote location?A: I guess I might feel lonely from time to time. What about you? Which kind of house wouldyou choose?B: Well, I’d choose the motor home, because I just love the idea of being mobile. I hate to stay in one place for too long.Audio Track 3-2-17Our group has decided it is important to protect the Imperial Palace in Beijing, which is now known as the Palace Museum. We have reached this decision after consideration of the following reasons.We believe the palace is important because it has historical and cultural significance. We can learn so much about our ancestors and their way of life through the architecture, furnishings and historical artifacts. We think the palace needs protection because in recent years there has been a significant increase in the number of visitors and as a result of this some of the great halls and priceless artifacts are being damaged or spoiled.It is our belief that the number of visitors to the palace, particularly during holidays, should be strictly controlled. In addition to this, we hope by raising awareness that we can encourage visitors to take more care of the palace. People must take responsibility for protecting the palace so it can be enjoyed by future generations.Video CourseVideo Track 3-2-1Jennifer: I want my dream house to be by a lake with a big yard. I want to have three bedrooms, and a big living room … family room … kitchen area so I can have parties and everyone can be together.Calum: I’d like to have a big swimming pool and a large garden so I could eat outside. Dennis: If I could have anything in my dream house I would like to have a high-tech stove.Martin: Of course a 52-inch plasma TV would be nice.Alejandra: I would love to have a veranda … a wide veranda … where I can sit during the evenings and read books and watch the sun set.Video Track 3-2-2Dennis: If I could have anything in my dream house I would like C to have a high-tech stove.Video Track 3-2-3Gian: At my work I’m not allowed to smoke. Anyone who smokes needs to go outside. Martin: I work for the phone company and we’re not allowed to give out personal information about our customers.Jennifer: We are not allowed to use our cell phones and we can’t eat at our desks.Dennis: In my house you can’t smoke. And … um … as much as possible, you have to takeyour shoes off at the door.Nick: I’m not allowed to make noise at night when my roommates are sleeping.Calum: Well, there are actually too many rules in my dormitory, so I’m not allowed to do a lot of things. For instance, I’m not allowed to play music that’s too loud so that it might disturb other people. I’m not allowed to smoke inside. I’m not allowed to have alcohol in the rooms…Video Track 3-2-4Calum: Well, there are actually too many rules in my dormitory, so I’m not allowed to do a lot of things. For instance, I’m not allowed to play music that’s too loud so that it might disturb other people. I’m not allowed to smoke ins ide. I’m not allowed to have alcohol in the rooms …Video Track 3-2-5Takeshi: I can’t believe how hot it is out there.Why didn’t we go to Hawaii with everyone else? Mike: Because we didn’t have the money. Takeshi: Well, why didn’t we get an air conditioner?Mike: Hello? Same reason. And quit complaining! We’ve got air conditioning. Takeshi: Mike, that’s a bowl of ice and a fan. Mike: Takeshi, you’ve got to be more like me and use your imagination, then you too can have a beach vacation. See? (pulls down window shade with beach poster) Check out that gorgeous view.Takeshi: Right, but not exactly “realistic.”Mike: OK, come over here. Close your eyes. Feel that cool, ocean breeze.Takeshi: Mike, that’s the fridge.Mike: Come on! I said, “Use your imagination!” Now close your eyes. Listen to the sound of the sea gulls … (makes sound like a sea gull) hear the children laughing … (mak es sound like children laughing) Why, I think I can even smell a barbeque … (waves a package of hot dogs)Takeshi: Raw hot dogs?Mike: Don’t worry. I’m going to cook them up on that grill over there.Takeshi: Mike, you know you’re not allowed to use a grill inside an apartment, right?Mike: OK. I’ll use the microwave then. Takeshi: A beach, with a microwave. Sure, Mike. Mike: Tha t’s the beauty of “Imaginary Beach.” We’ve got a microwave oven, we’ve got a TV with a remote control. Who could ask for anything more?Takeshi: What about water? That’s the main reason people go to the beach. What are you going to use for that? The bathtub?Mike: No. That’d be silly. Here we go! (turns on CD player) Feel the ocean mist … (sprays water on Takeshi)Takeshi: Mike, that’s for spraying plants, not me!Mike: You know, the sound of the waves, the ocean mist … makes me want to surf. Takeshi: Surf?Mike: Yeah, surf. (starts to fold up ironing board)Takeshi: Mike, no. You can’t stand on that, you’ll break it!Mike: No, I won’t. (stands on ironing board and pretends to surf ) Look at me, dude —I’m “hangin’ ten”!Takeshi: Yeah, cool. (takes cap off water bottle) Hey, “dude”! Watch out for that wave! (throws water in Mike’s face) Huh. I’m getting the hang of this “imagination” thing.Mike: Very funny, very funny indeed! (chases Takeshi)Video Track 3-2-6Takeshi: I can’t believe how hot it is out the re. Why didn’t we go to Hawaii with everyone else? Mike: Because we didn’t have the money. Takeshi: Well, why didn’t we get an air conditioner?Mike: Hello? Same reason. And quitcomplaining! We’ve got air conditioning. Takeshi: Mike, that’s a bowl of ice and a fan. Mike: Takeshi, you’ve got to be more like me and use your imagination, then you too can have a beach vacation. See? (pulls down window shade with beach poster) Check out that gorgeous view.Takeshi: Right, but not exactly “realistic.”Video Track 3-2-7Mike: OK, come over here. Close your eyes. Feel that cool, ocean breeze.Takeshi: Mike, that’s the fridge.Mike: Come on! I said, “Use your imagination!” Now close your eyes. Listen to the sound of the sea gulls … (makes sound like a sea gull) hear the children laughing … (mak es sound like children laughing) Why, I think I can even smell a barbeque … (waves a package of hot dogs) Takeshi: Raw hot dogs?Mike: Don’t worry. I’m going to cook them upon that grill over there.Takeshi: Mike, you know y ou’re not allowed to use a grill inside an apartment, right?Mike: OK. I’ll use the microwave then. Takeshi: A beach, with a microwave. Sure, Mike. Mike: That’s the beauty of “Imaginary Beach.” We’ve got a microwave oven, we’ve got a TV with a remote control. Who could ask for anything more?Takeshi: What about water? That’s the main reason people go to the beach. What are you going to use for that? The bathtub?Mike: No. That’d be silly. Here we go! (turns on CD player) Feel the ocean mist … (sprays water on Takeshi)Takeshi: Mike, that’s for spraying plants, not me!Video Track 3-2-8Mike: You know, the sound of the waves, the ocean mist … makes me want to surf.Takeshi: Surf?Mike: Yeah, surf. (starts to fold up ironing board)Takeshi: Mike, no. You can’t stand on that, you’ll break it!Mike: No, I won’t. (stands on ironing board and pretends to surf ) Look at me, dude —I’m “hangin’ ten”!Takeshi: Yeah, cool. (takes cap off water bottle) Hey, “dude”! Watch out for that wave! (throws water in Mike’s face) Huh. I’m getting the hang of this “imagination” thing.Mike: Very funny, very funny indeed! (chases Takeshi)。

研究生新世纪综合英语unit2

Unit2The New Economics Of OilCrude-oil prices have been careening like steel balls in a pinball machine this autumn in response to news and r umors from the middle east.In the first few days of Octobe r,the treat of armed conflict between Iran and Irap sent c rud prices soaring from $20 a barrel to almost $23,before singking back down again.Even as the world is reminded of the vulnerability of its oil supply, consumption is soaring. Americans have fal len in love with gas guzzlers such as the Ford Expedition. In newly p-rosperous deyeloping couties, ordinary people can afford cars for the first time.A recent survey in the China Youth Daily found that 75%of Beijing families planne d to buy a car in the next five years.Yikes. Are we in for another oil crisis? You might thi nk so. Fort Worth investor Richard.E.rainwater has 30%of h is $1.5billion net worth sunk in oil and gas investments b ecause he expects to rise 50% to 75%in the next 5 to 10yea rs. With free markets fueling economic growth, says rainwa ter,”we should see a tremendous amount of pressure on pr ices.”Perhaps,but there is another,quite different scenario---namely,that oil prices, adjusted for inflation, won’t r ise at all over the long term. They may even fall. why? Be cause producers in the Mideast and elsewhere need the cash from oil too much to let their supply be interrupted for long, Despite political and military skirmishing. Second, and more inportant,because demand groeth can’t push pric es upward as long as it is balanced by supply growth. And the supply curve for oil---the amount offered at any given price---is being pushed steadily outward, thanks to techn ology.PETRO-TREASUREThenological advances are slashing the costs of findin g, producing, and reefing oil,creating a new economic calc ulus for the oil industry.The new alchemy runs from three-dimensional seismology to exotic. Wells that sit on the oc ean floor, in some cases eliminating the need for billion-dollar offshore production platforms/Says shell oil chief Executive Philip J.Carroll:”Thecnology always frives down cost.I don’t think its effect in this industry will be a ny different.”Never mind the latest discord in the Mideast.Short of destroying another country’s oil wells, as Iraq did to Ku wait in 1991,no nation can curtail the world supply of oil and force up its price for very long.Members of the Organ ization od Petroleum Exporting Countries still sit on the world’s biggest and best oil reservoirs.But they can’t r aise prices---because if they do,non-OPEC sources will gra b market share by developing fields where thecnology has m ade production affordable.Rainwater’s hight price theory notwithstanding, the e nd of the cold war and the spread of global capitalism are n’t just adding to the demand for oil---they are adding t o its supply as well.That’s because more and more countri es, from Venazuala to Kazakhatan,are welcoming the investm ent that’s needed to exploit their petro-treasures.The progress already achieved through thechnology is mind-boggling. The average cost per barrel of finding prod ucing oil has droped about 60% higher than in 1985.And the se official figures far understate the amount of accessibl e oil in the ground. Smith Rea Energy Associates Ltd.,a Lo ndon –based researcher, figures that the world’s oil prod ucers could add 350 billion barrels to their proven reserv es if they counted all yhe oil that has become affordable to recover because of the latest breakthroughs. The sum is equal to nearly 14 years’ worth of world consumption.Experts have been underestimating oil reserves since 1 874, when Pennsylvania’s state geolodists direly warned that “ the u.s. has enough petroleum to keep its kerosene lamps burning for only 4years.”Later eaperts put the date pf exhaustion in the 1920s,then the 1940s.In 1972,the clu b of rome said the world had only 20 to 31 years of known oil reserves. Yet todad,measured reserves are higher than ever.Indeed,the very notion of what oil are is changing. R ather than being a fixed number of barrels, the reserve is seen as something that grows and grows as technology find s new sources og oil and extracts more from existing field s. Take the giant Forties field in the British sector of t he North Sea. In 1970, British Petroleum CO. rated it at 1.8 billion barrels of proven reserves.Y et by 1995,it had p roduced 3.6 billion barrels,and BP said 2.8 billion barrel s in proven reserves remained.The impact of such progress on crude oil price has bee n dramatic.In 1980,Stanford University brought together 1 0 of the top oil forecaster to run their computer models. The average forecast for this year, among the six made pre ditions for 1997,was$98 a barrel. Even as recently as 1991, experts were predicting the price per barrel in 1997 wou ld be about $45.Instead,the inflation-adjusted price of oil has fallen by two-thirds from its 1980-1981 peak. Oil is cheaper tha n bottled water.”Oil-price firecasters make sheep same li ke independent thinkers.”gibes Massachusetts Institude of Technology energy researcher Micheal C.Lynch. “ There’s no evidence that mineral prices rise over time. Technolog y always overwhelms depletion.”BARRELING DOWNOpinion is slowly shifting away from the doomsayers. Consider the new outlook of the Center for Global Energy S tudies(CGES) in london, a research group set up by former Saudi Oil Minister Ahmed Zaki Yamari. Says CGES senior eco nomist Julian lee.” We just don’t see any likelihood foroil price for other than political reasons.”MCKINSEY&CO. has warned oil clients that “a downside price scenario” is increasingly likely.Cheap oil greases the gears of the world economy.In t he U.S.,it’s supporting today’s fast growth and low i nflation.If crude oil fell by $5 a barrel and stayed there for the next five years,the annual consumer inflation ra te would fall by an average of 0.3 percentage points and e conomics output would rise an extra 0.2% annually on avera ge, estimates Standard&Pool’s DRI, a unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies. After a decade, the cumulative gain in gro ss domestic product from the price grop would be nearly $4 00 billion.Oil industry profits still rise and fall with changesin the price of crude, but technology lets the companies m aintain healthy earnings at steadily lower oil prices. Tod ay ,most majors have cut their costs so much that their ne west projects can make money even with oil as low as $15 a barrel. Norway’sNorsk Hydro uses $12 as a becnmark.That’s not to say all companies will fare equally we ll. Those that master technology and efficiency, such as S HELL,EXXON,and british Petroleum, are leaping ahead of tho se that don’t.What’s more,many independent oil companies have moved to the cutting edge.。

新世纪研究生英语教程——综合英语(第四版)北京理工大学出版社unit1、2、7、8、11TestA,TestB课后答案

Unit1 Free Falling1. What is the main subject introduced in paragraph one?It is the description of the effect of saying farewell to his parents, friends and folks on the author.2. How is the story organized?The story is chronologically organized (following the time sequence in which the event unfolded itself).3. How did Weckerly feel before the day of his departure?He felt eager and excited to wait for the day to come.4. How did his mood change when the day had really come?At the very beginning he became sentimental about saying good-bye to many people around him. Facing the reality of becoming independent, he began to feel afraid and uncertain .5. What do you think about the ending of the story?It is very impressive. Weckerly ends the story with a metaphor which catches the essence of the particular moment accurately. He compares himself to a rookie skydiver preparing for his first plunge, which leads to possible outcomes: sheer excitement or eventual death. The last sentence "He closes his eyes, takes a deep breath, and jumps" symbolizes the fact that from that day on the author jumps into the future of being independent no matter how long and complicated the road to it is.What is the effect of saying farewell and actual leaving on the author?Whom did the author like to say good-bye to? What was the author's mood like before the day of departure and after?How did his mother's mood change during his brunch with her?What was the significance of the particular day to the author?Suggested SummaryThe time of saying good-bye and actual leaving makes a great impact on the author, which is fully demonstrated in the opening sentence. He gives a general description of how he feels on that particular day, during which his own mood changes from sheer excitement for the prospect of becoming independent and free to fear and uncertainty to a mixture of both. By his brunching with Mom and saying good-bye to her, he makes a very smooth depiction of the change of his mother's mood from being chatty and cheerful at the beginning to being quiet, even somber as the final moment comes. To bring the story to its climax, the author ends the story with a symbolic description. He compares himself to a rookie skydiver preparing for his first plunge that leads to possible outcomes: sheer excitement or eventual death. No matter what will happen, he closes his eyes, takes a deep breath and jumps into the future.Unit2 The New Economics of Oil1. Why won't oil prices rise at all over the long time?Firstly, because producers need the cash from oil too much to let their supply be interrupted for long. Secondly, and more important, because demand growth can't push prices upward as long as it is balanced by supply growth.2. Why can't the members of the OPEC raise oil prices?Because if they do, non-OPEC sources will grab market share by developing fields where technology has made production affordable.3. Why have most majors cut their costs on oil?Because technology lets the companies maintain healthy earnings at steadily lower oil prices.4. Who takes a lead in the oil companies?Those that master technology and efficiency, such as Shell, Exxon, and British Petroleum.Should we worry about the oil price?What is the main reason for oil price to fall?Is Rainwater's high-price theory right?What influences oil industry profits most?How will lower oil price influence the world economy?Suggested SummaryThe article aims at establishing the idea that oil price will not rise even as demand soars. To begin with, the author shows the increasing consumption of oil around the world and the impact of technology on oil industry. By giving several examples, he draws the conclusion that the need for cash and dependence on technology leads to the fact that oil prices will even fall. Furthermore, technological updating, slashing the costs of finding, producing, and refining oil, is also a reason to support the author's point. There is evidence that technology lets the world companies maintain healthy earnings at lower oil prices. In conclusion, cheap oil accelerates the world economy, and a downside price scenario is increasingly likely.1. In the first year of peace, Lebanon's GDP soared by almost 40%. (C)A. flewB. hoveredC. increasedD. decreased2. SAIC's previous skirmishes with investigators had attracted little attention. (D)A. conflictsB. strugglesC. skatesD. arguments3. The boy grabbed hold of my bag and disappeared quickly into the crowd. (C)A. seizedB. snappedC. snatchedD. sneaked4. Although Chicago has fared better than some cities, unemployment remains a problem. (A)A. got onB. chargedC. offered jobsD. provided welfare5. The dwarfs were devastated, because they could not figure out how to save Snow White this time. (D)A. calculateB. rateC. considerD. decide6. His distrust of the power of critics made him ready to gibe at David Sylvester. (A)A. laughB. ridiculeC. derideD. taunt7. Children are most vulnerable to abuse within their own home. (A)A. unprotectedB. sensibleC. susceptibleD. harmful8. Short of the President himself, probably no one could have put the American case more persuasively. (B)A. Rather thanB. Other thanC. Less thanD. Short forUnit7 Competition Is Destructive1. Why is competition destructive according to the author? (para. 3)According to the author, competition is destructive because it undermines self-esteem, poisons relationships and holds us back from doing our best.2. What are the purposes of the games devised or collected by Orlick and others? (para. 6)The idea of the games devised or collected by Orlick and others is for each person on the field to make a specified contribution to the goal, or for all the players to reach a certain score, or for everyone to work with their partners against a time limit.3. What is the difference between teamwork and team competition? (para. 8)The difference between teamwork and team competition is that in teamwork everyone on the field is working together for a common goal, while in team competition a given player works with and is encouraged to feel warmly toward only half of those present.4. Why do most kinds of fun require competition? (para. 10, 11, 12)First of all, people don't know any other way or people have never tasted the alternative.Secondly, we overlook the psychological costs of competition: it causes self-doubt and feelings of self-worth become dependent on external sources of evaluation.5. Who is to blame for competition?It is the structure of the game itself that is to blame rather than the individuals, since it sets competition at the very beginning.Directions: Use the questions given below as a guide to write a summary. You can refer to Task 1 and Task 2.What kind of games does the author use to illustrate the points?What's the significance of changing an "opponent" into a "partner"?What's the difference between teamwork and team competition?What are the possible reasons that a large number of people insist that we can't do without win/lose activities?What is the real problem?Suggested SummaryBy using the game of musical chairs, the author illustrates that competition is destructive not only in our daily work but also in entertainments. It is important and possible to change the form of the game by way of turning an opponent into a partner: Everyone on the field can work together for a common goal (teamwork) instead of competing with each other (team competition). Cooperative games and sports provide satisfaction and challenge without competition. The reason that a large number of people insist that we can't do without win/lose activities are that they don't know any other way and that they overlook the psychological costs of competition and the toxic effect of competition on our relations. Competition is not conducive to trust and it may lead one to look at others through narrowed eyes and even invite outright aggression. We are inclined to blame individuals for all this, but it is the structure of the game itself which causes competition. To solve the problem of competition, we need to be teaching our children how to enjoy themselves without competition.Identify one of the four choices A, B, C or D which best keeps the meaning of the underlined word or phrase.1. She has been eliminated from the swimming race because she did not win any of the practice races. (C)A. got outB. taking awayC. got rid ofD. driving away2. One of the major flaws in the existing system is that the prosecutor has immunity from law suits claiming malicious prosecution. (B)A. usefulB. spitefulC. harmlessD. cheerful3. They define a good patient as one who accepts their statements and their actions uncritically and unquestioningly. (A)A. characterizeB. confineC. fixD. limit4. Roberts' poor physical condition combined with nagging injuries prevented him from playing more than 51 games in the past four seasons. (A)A. troublingB. followingC. complainingD. accompanying5. Constant correction by a teacher is often counterproductive, as the student may become afraid to speak at all. (C)A. evilB. not productiveC. unfavorableD. hurting6. For centuries we women have gloated over the one negative aspect of aging more evident in men than women: balding. (B)A. praisedB. felt maliciously satisfied withC. felt sorry forD. expressed great pleasure of7. In the conducive atmosphere around the fort, General Bradley immediately found out about the plot. (D)A. goodB. suitableC. fitD. favorable8. It's a story of a harmful dynamic between white prejudice and black autonomy.(C)A. state of movementB. political forceC. competing or conflicting systemD. social system9. Gandhi rejects outright claims made concerning the superior or inferior status of religions. (B)A. ovreallB. directC. obscureD. ambiguous10. My first boss was a really nasty person, who seemed to enjoy making life difficult for everyone. (C)A. graveB. sorrowfulC. uglyD. pitifulUnit8 Power to the People1. What is the author's attitude towards alternative energy?The writer believes that alternative energy will play more important roles in the future.2. What advantages does PV have?It has the simplest and most elegant technology to harness the power of the sun, being easy to install and requiring minimal maintenance.3. What advantages does hydropower have?It is a clean, renewable source of energy that offers cheap electricity.4. What are the main disadvantages of wind power?Noise, negative impacts on local tourism, potential disruption to wild life.5. Why are fuel cells considered "zero emission" and preferred by some governments?They release only water vapour into the atmosphere. They are economical and require little maintenance as well as no recharging.Summarize the text.What will be the main means to power our modern societies?Why is it so urgent to find alternative energy?What is the future of solar power, wind power and hydropower?What are the final solutions to man's energy needs?Suggested SummaryIn the article "Power to the People", the author Mark Townsend states that solar power, wind turbines and other sources of clean power are now prepared to take the place of fossil fuels and become the main means to power our modern societies. He lists two reasons contributing to man's hot pursuit of alternative sources of energy. One is the environmental deficiencies of fossil fuels. Another is the crucial progress made by using new technology. According to the writer, a new generation of wafer-thin photovoltaic solar panels will lead to a great future of the solar energy. In addition, if the strength of rough seas can be brought under control, water power is likely to be another major renewable energy. Thirdly wind power can also benefit our life if we can eliminate the negative impacts on the environment. Finally, the author assumes that as an ideal clean energy, fuel cells will be the answer to the future energy needs.Identify one of the four choices A, B, C or D which best keeps the meaning of the underlined word or phrase.1. At the press conference, they were scrambling to give the impression that the situation was in control. (B)A. searchingB. strugglingC. crowdingD. exciting2. Written off again and again, he has proved phenomenal in resilience and political craftiness. (C)A. notableB. tangibleC. extraordinaryD. sensible3. This news has sent a wave of panic through the world which to me seems way out of proportion. (A)A. farB. meanC. simplyD. away4. Downtown business owners say they want the city's homeless shelter moved to a less conspicuous location. (D)A. confrontedB. fantasticC. confidentD. noticeable5. Over the past year, Linux has made significant inroads into embedded designs requiring rich, high performance networking. (C)A. made moneyB. made achievementsC. made advancesD. made progress6. The important thing is to harness growth to self-knowledge, a ready acceptance of change, swift-moving business practice and sound judgment. (B)A. make useB. controlC. produceD. escape7. We are the ones willing and able to run an obstacle course filled with hurdles that we must complete before anyone else. (A)A. barriersB. blessC. reportsD. handouts8. I haven't been able to orient my ideas to the new conditions since I worked abroad three months. (B)A. changeB. adjustC. directD. organize9. The company office was inundated with telegrams of congratulations on the tenth anniversary of its foundation. (B)A. overjoyedB. floodedC. crowdedD. satisfied10. He had drawn a contradictory conclusion in his thesis because he pinned hisfaith on an absurdity. (D)A. decidedB. practicedC. dependedD. placedUnit11 London Bridge Is Falling DownAnswer the following questions briefly according to the text.1. Why the Millennium Bridge was shut down soon after it had opened to the public?FeedbackBecause it kept vibrating when people walked on it.2. What happened to the Internet?The Internet became paralyzed due to many attacks made by anonymous hackers.3. Why was the Steamboat Act not established until 1838?This was due to two major causes. First, people did not figure out what caused the explosion of the steamboat until 1837. Second, the government did not attach enough importance to the problem.4. What does the congressman mean by saying "Let the Government attend to its own business, and let the people attend to theirs."?The congressman means it is the people's duty but not the government's to set standards for producing, maintaining and inspecting steam boilers.5. What's the author's opinion of the high-tech crises?Though the high-tech crises are inevitable, humans will always look for ways to tackle them and will never give up exploring into the unknown fields of science.Summarize the text.What have gone wrong with some new high-tech innovations?What is the writer's opinion of these high-tech crises?Why does the writer review the establishment of the Steamboat Act?How do people deal with technical trouble now?Will people continue to make attempts at new technologies in the future?Suggested SummaryBy highlighting two technological crises, i.e. the swaying Millennium Bridge and the crippling Internet, the writer successfully draws the readers' attention to the somewhat embarrassing problems with some new high-tech innovations. The writer argues that these crises are inevitable because the innovations lead us into the unexplored world of science. With a look back on the establishment of theSteamboat Act, the writer indicates that the improvement of any high-tech innovation will go through a long and slow process. Fortunately, we are now able to respond more quickly to the danger of new technologies, and have become increasingly skilled in controlling the crises. In the end, the writer claims with confidence that humans are certain to defeat any catastrophe, and will never stop exploring the unknown technical world.Identify one of the four choices A, B, C or D which best keeps the meaning of the underlined word or phrase.1. Instead, he concentrates on how he helped raise Clinton from the dead after the debacle of the 1994 congressional elections. (C)A. disputeB. triumphC. catastropheD. deception2. She is running-running away from a shaking house and a row of wobbling green trees. (B)A. swervingB. swayingC. steeringD. striding3. A total of 252 imported pests have been spotted, of which 174 could wreak havoc on forests. (A)A. inflictB. inflateC. preventD. relieve4. But no evidence suggests that she courted danger for her children as she encouraged their freedom. (B)A. ignoredB. provokedC. flatteredD. avoided5. The report explains the gruesome results the weapons will have on human beings. (D)A. seriousB. furiousC. pleasingD. shocking6. Residents are bracing themselves for further carnage caused by the typhoon. (B)A. cargoB. damageC. suicideD. assassination7. The biggest threats to children's health lurk in the very places that should be the safest-at home, in school and the community. (D)A. fleeB. lureC. sneakD. hide8. Vigilance against collateral environmental damage is crucial to sustainable growth nowadays. (D)A. neglectB. suspicionC. indignationD. caution9. Racism has many forms. It does not solely manifest itself against one particular race. (C)A. testifyB. verifyC. showD. conceal10. The child has a very responsive nature and will soon become fond of you. (A)A. sensitiveB. silentC. introvertD. lively。

新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读A unit 2

Translation Practice
• 有些网络专家认为因特网可以防止战争、减少污染，还能
cyber gurus
克服种种形式的不平等。
• Some cyber gurus claim that the Internet will prevent wars, reduce pollution, and combat various forms of inequality.
• Three, namely, to prevent the wars, to reduce pollution, and to combat various forms of inequality.
II. Text Learning
• Questions about the text
• 2. Does the Internet have a potential to be a force for peace? And why?
• No, because wars are not simply caused by the failure
of different peoples to understanБайду номын сангаас each other adequately.
II. Text Learning
• Questions about the text
of different peoples to understand each other adequately.
II. Text Learning
• Questions about the text
• 3. In what way can the Internet help reduce energy consumption and pollution? • People ‘s online activities can genuinely replace their real-world activities.