Geoffrey Chaucer
杰弗雷乔叟
乔叟是第一个突出地运用独白来塑造人物的作家，这种手法的绝妙之处在于不是由人物直接说出自己是什么 样的人，而是让他在独自中往往不知不觉地把自己的本质、性格戏剧性地暴露出来。比如，卖赎罪券教士的卑劣 主要不在于他说出了自己是如何贪婪与无耻，而更在于他对此津津乐道。他不是在悔罪，而是在宣扬。
乔叟不仅创造了戏剧性独白，而且为英国文学引进了许多其它文学体裁。《坎特伯雷故事》堪称文学体裁的 宝库。虽然乔叟的故事集里只有21个完整的故事和另外一些未完成的片段，它们却包括了当时欧洲的大多数文学 体裁，如骑士故事、市井故事、悲剧故事、喜剧故事、传奇、圣徒传、历史传说、宗教奇迹故事、动物寓言、宗 教寓意故事、布道词等等。乔叟把悲剧故事体裁引入英国文学尤其具有特殊意义。
[精品]英国人文主义文学
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关于“夏洛克”的评论
德国诗人海涅更由夏洛克的可悲下场，联想到 自己犹太民族的苦难。他在《莎士比亚笔下的 女角》（1838）中指出：莎士比亚的天才超越 于宗教偏见之上，他的戏剧本来既不向我们表 演犹太人，也不表演基督徒，而是表演压迫者 和被压迫者以疯狂的欢呼，当他们能够向他们 横霸的折磨者利上加利地偿还加给他们的侮辱 的时候。
论说文
培根(Francis Bacon,1561-1626)，哲学家，现代实验 科学的始祖。英国论说文的创始人，对文学的贡献是 《论说文集》，共58篇，都是十分隽永的随笔。
《论读书》：“读书足以怡情，足以付彩，足以 长才。……读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人 准确。……读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人 周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之 学使人善辩：凡有所学，皆成性格。”
“福斯塔夫式的背景”
是恩格斯1859年5月18日在给斐· 拉萨尔的信中提出 的。“福”是莎士比亚在其历史剧《亨利四世》和 喜剧《温莎的风流娘儿们》中塑造的形象。他是一 个破落的骑士，在封建制度没落时期由贵族社会跌 落平民社会，上与太子关系亲密，下与强盗、小偷、 流氓、妓女为伍，通过他的活动，莎士比亚展示了 上至宫廷，下至酒店、妓院等广阔的社会背景，再 现了“五光十色的平民社会”，为塑造人物和展开 戏剧冲突提供了广阔、生动、丰富的社会背景。这 是莎士比亚现实主义艺术的重要成就。
外部原因： ①最重要的是奥瑟罗的对手伊阿古是个非常的对手，他 的阴险狡诈、虚伪凶狠非一般人可比。 伊阿古是文艺复兴时期一个极端利己主义者的典 型，他唯一的追求就是“发展自己的势力”，要“捞 足了油水”，一切“只是为了自己的利益”。 ②种族歧视的社会观念对奥瑟罗的悲剧有重大影响； 奥瑟罗最初对苔丝狄蒙娜的怀疑，就是以此为根据的。 “很难说，因为我是黑人，出言吐语不像公子哥那样 文雅动听….所以她把我抛了。”
chaucer对英国文学的贡献
chaucer对英国文学的贡献
乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer）是14世纪英国最著名的作家之一，他对英国文学的贡献可以从以下几个方面来分析：
1. 《坎特伯雷故事集》(The Canterbury Tales)：这是乔叟最著名的作品，被认为是英国文学史上最重要的诗歌作品之一。
故事集中包含了许多个人故事，通过各式各样的人物和叙述方式，反映了当时社会各阶层的特点、宗教观念以及人性的各种弱点和美德。
乔叟通过这部作品推动了英语作为文学语言的发展。
2. 诗歌技巧：乔叟在诗歌创作方面采用了一些新颖的手法，为后来的英国诗人提供了启发。
他采用了押韵和节奏来打破传统的中世纪拉丁诗歌的形式，使英语成为创作诗歌的主要语言。
他的作品中使用了许多修辞手法和修辞词句，例如隐喻、讽刺和象征，对后来的英国文学产生了深远的影响。
3. 文学表达：乔叟的作品为后来的英国文学提供了文学表达的模板和范例。
他的作品呈现了丰富多样的人物形象和情节，描写了人性和社会现象。
他的写作风格自然而生动，通过对话和描写展示人物的性格和行为。
乔叟以他丰富的想象力和生动的描写能力，为后来的作家提供了灵感和写作技巧。
4. 社会意识：乔叟在他的作品中揭示了当时社会的弊端和不公正，如封建专制、道德堕落等。
他对社会现象和个人命运的观察和批判，促使英国文学从中世纪的封建观念中解脱出来，为人们认识社会和个人自由提供了一个新的视角。
总的来说，乔叟不仅在文学形式上做出了创新，而且通过他的作品揭示了当时社会的问题，推动了英语作为文学语言的发展，并为后来的英国文学做出了重要贡献。
Geoffrey Chaucer
创作时期
作品~影响
评价
Geoffrey Chaucer
简介
创作时期
作品~影响
评价
简介
创作时期
简介
杰弗雷·乔叟(Geoffrey Chaucer,约1343～1400）英国诗人。 杰弗雷·乔叟(Geoffrey Chaucer,约1343～1400）英国诗人。 他的个人生活是 相当丰富的：1357年做宫廷侍童，1359年 相当丰富的：1357年做宫廷侍童，1359年 参加对法作战时被俘，翌年由国王赎回，1361年 1367年在内 参加对法作战时被俘，翌年由国王赎回，1361年-1367年在内 1366 殿法学协会受训，1366年与王后寝宫的女官结婚，此后多次代 殿法学协会受训，1366年与王后寝宫的女官结婚，此后多次代 表爱德华三世出使欧洲大陆，到过比利时、法国、意大利等国， 有机会遇见薄伽丘与彼特拉克，这对他的文学创作产生了很大的 影响。 1374年，乔叟任伦敦毛皮关税管理员，1382年兼任酒类及其 1374年，乔叟任伦敦毛皮关税管理员，1382年兼任酒类及其 它商品的关税管理员。1385年，乔叟任肯特郡治安法官，第二 它商品的关税管理员。1385年，乔叟任肯特郡治安法官，第二 年被选为该郡骑士代表出席议会下院。 1389年理查德亲政后，乔叟又先后担任过王室建筑工程主事 1389年理查德亲政后，乔叟又先后担任过王室建筑工程主事 和萨默塞特王室森林副主管。乔叟在庇护者失宠期间，被剥夺了 官位和年金，经济拮据。他曾写过打油诗《致空囊》 官位和年金，经济拮据。他曾写过打油诗《致空囊》给刚登基的 亨利四世，申诉自己的贫穷。 1400年乔叟逝世，安葬在伦敦威斯敏特斯教堂的“ 1400年乔叟逝世，安葬在伦敦威斯敏特斯教堂的“诗人之 角”(Poet's Corner)，他也是第一位葬于此的诗人。 Corner)，他也是第一位葬于此的诗人。
杰费雷·乔叟--Geoffrey Chaucer
选段参考译文
在这时节，有一天，我正停憩在伦敦南岸萨得克 的泰巴客店，虔心诚意，准备去坎特伯雷朝圣， 到了晚上，客店中来了二十九位形形色色的朝 圣客，凑巧结成了旅伴，他们都不约而同，要 赴坎特伯雷的盛会；当时客店的屋舍马厩却很 宽敞，我们舒舒服服地安顿下来。简单说来， 到了夕阳西沉的时分，我已同每人相识交谈， 约定了一齐早起出发。可是，在我开讲这故事 之前，我想暂抽一部分时间，先谈一下每人的 个别情况，由我的角度看去，他们是何种人物， 属于哪一个社会阶层，穿着怎样。现在我将先 讲一个武士。
Unit 1 Geoffrey Chaucer (1343-1400)
杰弗里·乔叟
Geoffrey Chaucer 杰弗里·乔叟
杰弗里·乔叟简介
英国最早具有人文主义思想的代表诗人，也 是现实主义文学的奠基人。早年受法国文 学的影响，代表作品是《悼公爵夫人》 (The Book of the Duchess)和用伦敦方言翻 译了法国中世纪长篇叙事诗《玫瑰传奇》 等。中期的代表诗作有《声誉之堂》(The House of Fame)和《特罗伊勒斯和克莱西 德》(Troilus and Criseyde)，肯定爱情和 个人幸福，反对封建专制和压迫，反映了 作者现实主义的创作态度和人文主义观点。
杰弗里·乔叟简介
乔叟在最后十五年里创作了《坎特伯雷故事》 (The Canterbury Tales)，这部作品是英国 文学史上现实主义文学作品的第一部杰作， 充满了浓郁的生活气息和时代特点，也反 映了当时社会处于封建社会向资本主义社 会过渡时期，带有强烈的人文主义色彩， 无论在英国文学还是在语言上都起了重大 的作用。他也是英国文学史上首位用伦敦 方言写作的作家，加强了伦敦方言在英国 文学史上的地位。英国十七世纪作家约 翰·德莱顿称他为“英国诗歌之父”。
Geoffery_Chaucer_杰弗里·乔叟简介
姓名：周亚楠 学号：2012142164
offrey Chaucer
Geoffrey Chaucer (c.1340～1400),
the most prominent literary figure in Middle English period is “ the father of English poetry ” .
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The Canterbury Tales
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Geoffrey Chaucer
Chaucer's literary works are roughly divided into three periods, according to his three periods of life.
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Geoffrey Chaucer
He once served as a page to Elizabeth, Countess of Ulster and in 1367 he entered the service of King Edward III , who made Chaucer involved in diplomatic errands for nearly ten years.
Troilus and Criseide.
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Geoffrey Chaucer
The third period covers the last
fifteen years of the poet's life: from 1386 to 1400, when Chaucer stopped being the mere interpreter of other poets and produced his own works of full maturity. The Canterbury Tales, one of the monumental works in English literature, was composed during this period.
Geoffrey Chaucer
《坎特伯雷故事集》特点
• 一、它展现了广阔的社会画面。香客来自社会各 个阶层：骑士、僧侣、学者、律师、商人、手工 业者、自耕农、磨坊主等。 • 二、它综合采用了中世纪的各种文学体裁，有骑 士传奇、圣徒传、布道文、寓言等。 • 三、总序和开场白中对人物的描写和故事本身饶 有趣味，充满幽默感。 • 四、语言带上了讲述人自身的特征，每人所讲的 故事都体现出讲述人的身份、趣味、爱好、职业 和生活经验。
5.《特洛伊罗斯与克瑞西达》--乔叟对中世纪宫廷爱情文学 传统的继承与超越 Troilus and Criseyde:Chaucer and Courtly Love Tradition [四川师范大学学报（社会科学版） Journal of Sichuan Normal University(Social Sciences Edition)] 肖明翰 6.乔叟语言艺术中的讽刺幽默 Ironical Humor in Chaucer‘s Language Art [哈尔滨学院学报 Journal of Harbin University] 王欣 7. 乔叟的梦幻诗和欧洲中世纪梦幻文学传统 Chaucer's Dream Poetry and the Medieval Tradition of Dream Vision [外国文学研究 Foreign Literature Studies] 刘进 , Liu Jin 8.论乔叟人文主义思想的形成 The Evolving of Chaucer's Humanism [徐州师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版） Journal of Xuzhou Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)] 王莹章
英国文学史及选读课件 3 Geoffrey Chaucer
叙述风格
采用现实主义和浪漫主义 相结合的叙述风格，语言 生动幽默，富有诗意。
人物形象塑造与主题思想
人物形象
塑造了各种鲜明的人物形象，如 骑士、修女、商人、农民等，反
映了当时社会的多样性。
主题思想
探讨了爱情、婚姻、道德、宗教、 社会等主题，表达了对人性的深刻 洞察和对社会现实的批判。
文学价值
《坎特伯雷故事集》被誉为英国文 学的经典之作，对后来的英国文学 产生了深远影响。
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PART 03
Geoffrey Chaucer其他 代表作品选读
REPORTING
Troilus and Criseyde《特罗勒斯与克丽西德》
故事背景
以古希腊特洛伊战争为背景，讲 述了特罗勒斯与克丽西德的爱情
在世界文学史上的地位和评价
在世界文学史上的地位
Geoffrey Chaucer被誉为“英国诗歌之父”，他的作品代表了英国文学的最高成 就之一。他的诗歌不仅在英国文学史上占有重要地位，而且对世界文学的发展产 生了深远的影响。
在世界文学史上的评价
Geoffrey Chaucer的作品在世界文学史上得到了广泛的认可和赞誉。他的作品被 翻译成多种语言，在世界各地广为流传。他被认为是一位具有世界影响力的伟大 作家，他的作品对于理解人类文化、历史和情感具有重要意义。
不同文化语境下Geoffrey Chaucer作品接受度分析
要点一
不同文化语境对Geoffrey Chaucer作品接受…
由于不同文化语境下读者的价值观念、审美趣味、文化传 统等方面存在差异，因此对Geoffrey Chaucer作品的接受 度也会有所不同。
要点二
乔叟
Chaucer took his narrative inspiration for his works from several sources but still remained an entirely individual poet. His first narrative poem, The Book of the Duchess, was probably written shortly after the death of Blanche, Duchess of Lancaster, first wife of John Gaunt, in September 1369. His next important work, The House of Fame, was written between 1374 and 1385. Soon afterward Chaucer translated The Consolation of Philosophy by Boethius, and wrote the poem The Parliament of Birds.
乔叟代表作：
《坎特伯雷故事集》（The Canterbury Tales）
其他作品：
《公爵夫人之书》(Book of the Duchess)、 《声誉之宫》(The House of Fame)、 《百鸟会议》(The Parliament of Fowles)、 《贤妇传说》(The Legend of Good Women) 《特洛伊罗斯与克丽西达》(Troilus and Criseyde).
Geoffrey Chaucer, (1340 years -1400), the famous medieval English writer, was born in a home wine. Edward III in 1359 with the French Expeditionary Force, was captured by the French army, near to gold redemption. Chaucer as a king-de-camp, as ambassador to many European countries, two visits to Italy and found a Dante, Boccaccio and Petrarca's works of literature for his role greatly. Chaucer in October 25, 1400 death in London and was buried in Westminster Abbey the "poet of the angle." Chaucer's the cause of death is unknown, may have been murder.
英国文学作家及作品分析,语言学
英国文学作品与作家一、Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里•乔叟1343~1400(首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。
约翰·德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。
代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。
)The father of English poetry.Writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity.作品：① <The Canterbury Tales>坎特伯雷故事集：first time to use ‘heroic couplet’(双韵体) by middle English②<Troilus and Criseyde>特罗勒斯与克丽西德③ <The House of Fame>声誉之堂④<The book of the Duchess>公爵夫人之书⑤<The Parliament of Fowls>百鸟议会二、William Shakespeare威廉•莎士比亚1564~1616l playwright,poet评价comments：Widely regarded as the greatest writer in English literatur e莎士比亚同时代戏剧家本·琼森（Ben Johnson）--他不属于一个时代，而是属于。
（He was not of an age, but for all time.）作品：①Historical plays: Henry VI ; Henry IV : Richard III ; He nry V ；Richard II；Henry VIII②Four Comedies: <As You Like It>皆大欢喜; <Twelfth Night>第十二夜; <A Midsummer Night’S Dream>仲夏夜之梦; <Merchant Of Venice>威尼斯商人③Four Tragedies: <Hamlet>哈姆莱特; <Othello>奥赛罗; <King Lear>李尔王; <Macbeth>麦克白④Shakespeare Sonnet :154 <The Sonnets>Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefgg三、Francis l Bacon弗兰西斯•培根1561~1626Bacon’s quote1、 knowledge is power 知识就是力量。
Geoffrey Chaucer乔叟英文简介
While he achieved fame during his lifetime as an author, philosopher, alchemist and astronomer, composing a scientific treatise on the astrolabe for his ten-year-old son Lewis, Chaucer also maintained an active career in the civil service as a bureaucrat, courtier and diplomat. Among his many works, which include The Book of the Duchess, the House of Fame, the Legend of Good Women and Troilus and Criseyde, he is best known today for The Canterbury Tales
Geoffrey Chucer (/ˈtʃɔːsər/; c. 1343 – 25 October 1400), known as the Father of English literature, is widely considered the greatest English poet of the Middle Ages and was the first poet to be buried in Poets' Corner of Westminster Abbey. Chaucer was a crucial figure in developing the legitimacy of the vernacular, Middle English, at a time when the dominant literary languages in England were French and Latin
杰弗里乔叟的英文简介
杰弗里乔叟的英文简介杰弗里乔叟简介Geoffrey Chaucer (about 1343 ~ 1400) British poet. His personal life is quite rich: 1357 years to do the court paternity, 1359 years to participate in the war when the law was captured, the following year by the king of redemption, 1361 - 1367 in the Temple Law Association training, 1366 and the queen of the palace The womens marriage, after many times on behalf of Edward III to the European continent, to Belgium, France, Italy and other countries, have the opportunity to meet Boccaccio and Petrak, which his literary creation had a great impact. In 1374, Chaucer was the London fur management officer, and in 1382 served as the tariff manager for alcohol and other commodities. In 1385, Chaucer was the magistrate of Kent, the second year was elected to the county knight to attend the lower house of parliament. In 1389 years after the KMT government, Chaucer has served as the royal construction works and Somerset royal forest deputy director. Chaucer was deprived of official and annuities during the asylum of the asylum, and the economy was strained. He had written the oil poem to the empty capsule to just ascend to Henry IV, complain about their own poverty. In 1400, Joao died and was buried at Poets Corner in Londons Westminster Church. He was also the first poet to be buried here.Chaucers poetic creation is divided into three periods: (1) the French influence period (1360 ~ 1372): the main translation andfollow the works of the French poet, created the Duchess (The Book of the Duchess (1369) Dialect translation of the French medieval long narrative poem rose legend and so on. ② the Italian influence period (1372 ~ 1386): the poet came into contact with the progressivethinking of bourgeois humanism. The creation of this period, such as the Birds Conference, Troilus and Criseyde (c. 1385)), The Story of a Good Woman , reflects the authors creation for the reality of life Attitude and humanism. ③ mature period (1386 ~ 1400): Chaucer in the last 15 years in the Canterbury story set creation. Both in content and skills to achieve the pinnacle of his creation. His first heroic rhyme is widely used by British poets later, known as the father of British poetry.The early creation of Chaucer was influenced by Italian and French literature. He introduced the literature of knights in the French literature, the lyrics and animal fables, and so on. Its early works Trolls and Clay West (1385), character character to createvivid and delicate, language witty humor.From 1377 onwards, Chaucer repeatedly made the European continent, in contact with Dante, Pietrak and Boccaccio and others works. These writers anti-feudal anti-religious spirit and humanism, so that Chaucers creative thinking has undergone profound changes, began to turn to realism. The narrative poem Trolls and the West, which is rewritten according to a long poem of Boccaccio, rejects the traditions of fantasy and fables, instead of the description of the characters and life details in the real world. A realist work.Chaucer carried out the creation of The Canterbury Tales (1387-1400) in the last fifteen years of his life. This is his most outstanding work.Chaucers vision, profound observation, rich writing style, truly reflect the lives of different social classes, created a realist tradition of British literature, Shakespeare and Dickens have an impact.Canterbury story set is the British writer Chaucers novel. The work describes a group of pilgrims gathered in a small London hotel, ready to pilgrimage to Canterbury. Shopkeepers suggested thatpilgrims on the way to the two stories, to see who speak the best. The story set includes 23 stories, one of the most wonderful stories are: the knights story of love tragedy, the story of the knights knights knight, the soldier who sells the crucifi某ion, the talismans story, the businessmans story The story of the family disputes, the story of the farmers touching love and generosity. The works e某tensively reflect the British social life of the embryonic period of capitalism, e某posing the corruption of the church, the greed and hypocrisy of the priest, condemning the asceticism of human nature, affirming the secular love life.The artistic achievements of the Canterbury Tales are very high, far e某ceeding the previous British literary works, the first e某ample of the realism in British literary history. The work combines humor and satire, and the comedy is strong, and most of the stories are written in double rhyme poems, which have had an impact on later English literature. People figure clear, lively language. Chaucers creation of the vibrant London dialect also laid the foundations for the English literary language. His first heroic rhyme was widely used by British poets in the future, and Chaucer was hailed as the father of English poetry.杰弗里乔叟作品Geoffrey Chaucer (1340 - 1400), a famous British medieval writer, was born in a wine family. 1359 years with the troops of Edward III leap in France, captured by the French army, and soon to redemption. Chaucer became kings attendants, made many European countries, twicevisited Italy, found Dante, Boccaccio and Petraks works, his literary creation played a great role. The Book of the Duchess, The House of Fame, The House of Fowles, The House of Fae, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, The Legend of Good Women and Troilus and Criseyde. Chaucer died in London on October 25, 1400, and was buried in the corner of the poet in Westminster Abbey. Chaucers death is unknown, may be murdered, the British medieval research e某pert Terry Jones had a book Who murdered Chaucer Chaucer first took the London dialect writing, and the creation of heroic bimodal, the British national language and literature development great influence, it is known as the father of British poetry.。
乔叟简介
(The Legend of Good Women)
《特洛伊罗斯与克丽西达》
(Troilus and Criseyde)
literarypath
（创作之路）
The period of Franch （1360～1372）
Translate and imitate （效仿）
The பைடு நூலகம்ook of the Duchess <<悼公爵夫人>>
The period of Italy （1372～1386）
Troilus and Criseyde 《特罗伊勒斯和克莱西德》 The birds of the meeting 《百鸟会议》
The bourgeois humanism 资产阶级人文主义
The period of mature （1386～1400）
•
•
• •
《坎特伯雷故事集》
“The father of English Poetry”
well-known saying （名言）
We soon believe what we desire. —Chaucer
我们欲望中的东西，我 们很快就信以为真。 —— 乔叟
And gladly would learn , and gladly teach . —Chaucer 勤于学习的人才能乐意 施教。
杰弗雷· 乔叟，英国诗人。十几岁起进入宫 廷当差。1359年随爱德华三世的部队远征 法国，被法军俘虏，不久赎回。乔叟与宫 廷往来密切，当过廷臣、关税督察、肯特 郡的治安法官、郡下议院议员。他曾因外 交事务出使许多国家和地区，到过比利时、 法国、意大利等国，有机会遇见薄伽丘与 彼特拉克，这对他的文学创作产生了很大 的影响。乔叟在庇护者失宠期间，被剥夺 了官位和年金，经济拮据。他曾写过打油 诗《致空囊》给刚登基的亨利四世，申诉 自己的贫穷。1400年乔叟逝世，安葬在伦
吴伟仁《英国文学史及选读》（重排版）笔记和考研真题详解-杰弗里
吴伟仁《英国⽂学史及选读》（重排版）笔记和考研真题详解-杰弗⾥第3章杰弗⾥?乔叟3.1复习笔记Geoffrey Chaucer(1340-1400)(杰弗⾥·乔叟)1.Life(⽣平)Geoffrey Chaucer,born in or about1343in London,is the“father of English poetry”and one of the greatest narrative poets of England.He was the son of a prosperous merchant,and later became a courtier and comptroller.Chaucer’s learning was wide in scope.He obtained a good knowledge of Latin,French and Italian.He had broad and intimate acquaintance with persons high and low in all walks of life,and knew well the whole life of his time,which left great impressions upon his works and particularly upon his variegated depiction of the English society of his time.He died in1400and was buried in Westminster Abbey,thus founding the“Poets’Corner”.杰弗⾥·乔叟于1343年（或1343年左右）出⽣于伦敦，他被誉为“英国诗歌之⽗”，也是英国最伟⼤的叙事诗⼈之⼀。
他是富商之⼦，之后⼜当了朝⾂和审计官。
英美文学杰弗里乔叟GeoffreyChaucer资料
The Canterbury Tales
坎特伯雷故事集
Chaucer greatly contributed to the founding of the English literary language, the basis of which was formed by the London dialect, so profusely used by the poet.
trans.(Boethius 波伊提乌，Roman)
400)
Complaint to His Empty Purse (1399)《致空囊》 The Canterbury Tales (1387-1400)《坎特伯雷故事集》 (Masterpiece)
Page 11
Page 12
The most vigorous有力的；精力充沛的 character is the larger-than-life Wife of Bath
The crudest粗野的，缺乏教养的 character is the Miller磨 坊主；碾磨工
Page 13
Prologue
The Prologue开场 is a splendid masterpiece of realistic portrayal, the first of its kind in the history of English literature. From the Prologue, we can see that Chaucer is a talented portrait painter. Each of the pilgrims or narrators is presented vividly in the Prologue. The pilgrims are people from various parts of England. They are the representatives of various walks of life and social groups, with various interests, tastes and predilections.
Chaucer
Also among the works of this period are the unfinished Legend of Good Women, a poem telling of nine classical heroines, which introduced the heroic couplet (two rhyming lines of iambic pentameter) into English verse; the prose fragment The Treatise on the Astrolabe, written for his son Lewis; and Troilus and Criseyde, based on Boccaccio's Filostrato, one of the great love poems in the English language (see Troilus and Cressida). In Troilus and Criseyde, Chaucer perfected the seven-line stanza later called rhyme royal.
（Geoffrey Chaucer, 1343 - 1400），诗人，生于富商之家，与王室关系密切.
曾数度出使法国和意大利等欧洲大陆国家，还担任过海关官员和法官等公职。乔叟的文学创作深受法国文学、特别是文艺复兴时期的意大利文学的影响，其主要作品有《公爵夫人之书》（The Book of the Dutchess）、《声誉之堂》（The House of Fame）、《百鸟议会》（The Parliament of Fowls）以及他的代表作 《坎特伯雷故事集》（The Canterbury Tales）等。
乔叟的介绍Geoffrey-ChaucerPPT演示课件
12
•Born in 1343, not long after 100 Years’ war began
•Middle class family (father – merchant)
4. Who is the first person that the narrator begins his introduction?
5. Why does the narrator think of this man as “a most distinguished man”?
3
Geoffrey Chaucer
17
Literature
•1st poem, The Book of the Duchess, about John of Gaunt’s wife who had died of the plague. •1387 – began The Canterbury Tales – never completed it. •Considered one of the greatest works of the English Language. •Left a great picture of life during the Middle Ages. •Favorite rhyme scheme is the couplet.
• John of Gaunt (the duke of Lancaster) died in 1399, the year before Chaucer died
10
Geoffrey Chaucer
杰弗里·乔叟 英语介绍
3可是在我叙述故事之前， 让我占用诸位一 点时间， 依我之见似乎还很必要， 把每人的情况作些 介绍。 谈谈他们从事什么行业， 社会地位属于哪个 阶层， 容貌衣着举止又是如何， 那么我就 先把骑士说说
When zephyrs have breathed softly all about 西风轻拂，催生草木 Inspiring every wood and field to sprout, 空中朝气勃勃的太阳已过白羊座处 And in the zodiac the youthful sun 转眼便是四月之初 His journey halfway through the Ram has run; 美丽的自然撩拨万物的心弦 When little birds are busy with their song 鸟儿不辞昼夜忙于歌唱 Who sleep with open eyes the whole night long 生机唤醒了它们的心与内在的激荡
6《百鸟议会》(The
Parliament of
Fowls,1380) 7《特洛伊罗斯与克丽西达》（Troilus and Cryseyde） 他翻译过的法国文学作品有《玫瑰传奇》 (Romance of the Rose)
坎特伯雷故事集(The Canterbury Tales)简介：
And specially in England people ride 在英格兰尤甚 To Canterbury from every countryside 人们从各个角落去往坎特伯雷城 To visit there the blessed martyred saint 去朝拜那有神佑的殉道圣人 Who gave them strength when they were sick and faint. 那个在他们脆弱无助时给予帮助的灵魂
Geoffrey
Geoffrey Chaucer英国诗歌之⽗！修⼥也疯狂她爹！（1）Geoffrey Chaucer英国诗歌之⽗！修⼥也疯狂她爹！英语⽐较特别，单词重⾳固定不变，句⼦重⾳变化灵活。
早期英语诗歌主要靠头韵(alliteration, or head rhyme)来突显诗⾏的⾳乐性。
乔叟以重⾳作为节奏单位核⼼加强了英语诗歌的节奏感(accentual rhythm), 他⼤量使⽤的五步抑扬格(iambic pentameter)成为之后⼏百年英语诗歌的主要格律，称英国诗歌之⽗已没有异议。
但要说乔叟还是“修⼥也疯狂”她爹，多数⼈不会认可，却有诗为证。
下⽂是乔叟所作Canterbury Tales 对修⼥院长嬷嬷的描写，疯狂不疯狂⼀读便知。
There also was a Nun, a Prioress,Her way of smiling very simple and coy. (coy可不是shy。
⼀个是真羞，⼀个是装羞，羞给你看的羞，修⼥=羞⼥)Her greatest oath was only 'By St Loy!'And she was known as Madam Eglantyne (⼈称“玫瑰⼥⼠”，名字就让⼈往歪处想)And well she sang a service, with a fineIntoning through her nose, as was most seemly (⿐⾳之重，1066年之后法语是强势语⾔)And she spoke daintily in French, extremely,After the school of Stratford-atte-Bowe;French in the Paris style she did not know. (等于我们的英语是在国内弄的，没留过洋)At meat her manners were well taught withal; (这⾥的描写，可没有遵循“写作⼿册”的原则：由表及⾥，先静后动。
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Questions:
1. The Canterbury Tales was written in ________.
A. Old English B. Middle English C. Modern English D. Current Modern English
2. Pilgrims travel to the shrine of St. Thomas Becket at Canterbury in ________.
客房与马厩宽敞又洁净， 店主的招待周到而殷勤。 夕阳刚从地平线上消失， 众人同我已经相互结识； 大家约好不等鸡鸣就起床， 迎着熹微晨光干燥把路上。
可是在我叙述故事之前， 让我占用诸位一点时间， 依我之见似乎还很必要， 把每人的情况作些介绍。 谈谈他们从事什么行业， 社会地位属于哪个阶层， 容貌衣着举止又是如何， 那么我就先把骑士说说。
3.1 Outline of The Canterbury Tales
Each is to tell two stories going and two returning. And the best story-teller shall be treated with a fine supper at storythe general expense at the end. It should be an immense work of 124 stories, but only 24 were written. Chaucer’s work consists of three parts
The Pardoner’s tale the Wife of Bath’s tale See handouts
Its Significance
Chaucer’s greatest work and the greater part of it was written in heroic couplets. A true-to-life picture of Chaucer’s time; true-toExposes and satirizes the evils of his time; Presenting Chaucer’s humanistic views
Ⅰ. Geoffrey Chaucer (1343-1400) (13431. Life
Born in 1343. The son of a wine merchant. Went to France at 19 on one of the campaigns of the Hundred Years’ War. Sent to Italy on diplomatic missions. Appointed controller of customs at London. Died in 1400 and buried in Westminister Abbey.
The prioress
The Knight
The Oxford Clerk
Chaucer
The Wife of Bath
The Monk
The Squire
The Pardoner
Summoner
The Friar
行乞修道士
The Miller
3.3 The Tales
The Knight begins with a chivalrous romance, telling the story of two knights in love with the same lady. The Pardoner 卖赦罪符者 shows how he illustrates his sermon on the love of money by the grisly 恐怖的 tale of Death and the three gamblers. The tales of the Knight, the Pardoner , the Nun’s Priest and the Wife of Bath, together with the Bath, Prologue, are generally regraded as the best of the whole collection.
骑士的人品出众而且高尚， 自从军以来就驰骋于疆场， 待人彬彬有礼，大度而豪爽， 珍惜荣誉节操和骑士风尚。 为君主效命创辉煌战绩， 所到国家之远无人能比， 转战于基督和异教之邦， 因功勋卓著缕缕受表彰。
他还侍奉过柏拉西亚国君， 讨伐另一支土耳其异教军； 没有一次不赢得最高荣誉， 他骁勇善战，聪慧而不痴愚。 他温柔顺从像个大姑娘， 一生无论是在什么地方， 对谁也没有讲过半个脏字： 堪称一个完美的真骑士。
A. March B. April C. May D. June
3. ________ pilgrims plus Chaucer are assembled at the Tabard Inn in the southern part of London.
– The General Prologue – 24 tales – Separate prologues to each tale with links, comments, and quarrels in between
3.2 The Prologue(开场白) Prologue(开场白)
The prologue contains a group of vivid sketches of typical medieval figures. The thirty pilgrims range from the knight and squire and prioress（女修道院院长 ）, through the landed proprietor and wealthy trademan, to the drunken cook and humble plowman（农夫 ）. There are also a doctor and a lawyer, monks of different orders and nuns and priests, and a summoner （法庭传讯者）, a sailor, a miller, a carpenter, a yaoman, and an Oxford scholar.
他攻打过亚历山大利亚； 在普鲁士庆功宴上有他， 这位佼佼者多次坐首席； 从立陶宛直打到俄罗斯， 同级的骑士都大为逊色； 攻克阿给西勒有他一个， 还出征到过柏尔玛利亚； 夺取烈亚斯和萨塔利亚； 他还多次游弋于地中海， 跟随登陆大军将敌战败。 十五次比武他大显身手， 为捍卫信仰而浴血奋斗； 在战场上三次杀死敌将， 高贵的武士美名传四方。
III. The Canterbury Tales
Chaucer’s masterpiece. One of the monumental works in English literature.
3.1 Outline of The Canterbury Tales
On a spring evening, Chaucer drops himself at the Tabard Inn in Southwark at the south of London Bridge. Here he meets nine and twenty other pilgrims ready for a journey of 60 miles on horseback to Canterbury. At the suggestion of the host of the inn, they agree to beguile the journey bystory-telling. bystory-
英 国 文 学选读
Selected Reading in British Literature 主讲教师： 主讲教师：武海平
Geoffrey Chaucer
(1that can himselven knowe.
---- Geoffrey Chaucer
Geoffrey Chaucer
II. Geoffrey Chaucer
1. Literary career
– The French period (The Book of the Duchess) 《公爵夫人之书》 公爵夫人之书》 – The Italian period (Troilus and Criseyde) 《特罗斯勒与克丽西德》 特罗斯勒与克丽西德》 – The mature period (The Canterbury Tales) 《坎特伯雷故事集》 坎特伯雷故事集》
Prologue
香客盼望膜拜圣徒的灵台， 僧侣立愿云游陌生的滨海。 信徒来自全国东西南北， 众人结伴奔向坎特伯雷， 去朝谢医病救世的恩主， 以缅怀大恩大德的圣徒。
那是个初夏方临的日子， 我到泰巴旅店投宿歇息； 怀着一颗虔诚的赤子心， 我准备翌日出发去朝圣。 黄昏前后华灯初上时分， 旅店院里涌入很多客人； 二十九人来自各行各业， 不期而遇都到旅店过夜。 这些香客人人虔心诚意， 次日要骑马去坎特伯雷。
After office hour, he would retire to his library of 60 books to read abd write. He was temperate and regular in his diet: he “arose with the lark and lay down with the lamb”
Chaucer’s Contributions
Forerunner of Humanism The first realistic writer Father of English poetry (called by John Dryden) Dryden) (first one to use the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter or heroic couplet) (the first to be buried in the Poet’s Corner of Westminster Abbey) Master of the English Language (establishing English as literary language; making London dialect foundation for modern English speech)