chaucer
英国文学第三讲chaucer
Chapter Four
Gect: English literature in Age of Chaucer Objectives: help the student to know about Geoffery Chaucer, the person, his points of views, the artistic features of his works and the characteristics of the selected works. Focus: 1. His The Canterbury Tales’ social significance. 2. Artistic features of his works 3.The discussion of the selected work: the Canterbury Tales Difficult Points: Romance, ballad, heroic couplet. Procedures: 1. A brief introduction to the biography. 2. Artistic features of his works. 3. The Main points of the selected works.
6. Literature is moving away from the questions of the genre, romance, to a more personal vision, a domestic vision. Chaucer is interested in individuals, their foibles and individual differences; interested in realism; interested in middle class people, the merchant class, peasants, etc., who reflect the rise of the middle class in the fourteenth century. 7. Subject matter: sex, lust, greed, jealousy, native cunning (tricksters), the credulousness of the stupid, marital problems, infidelity, corruption of the church.
英国文学 chaucer
• (2) The first important realistic writer
The four temperaments
• (1) Sanguine man多血质 (sweet, free, open-hearted, balanced, lusty, etc.) • (2) Choleric man胆汁质 (bitter, angry, full of rage, easily becoming angry) • (3) Melancholic man忧郁质 (full of grief, bad tempered, unhappy, groom) • (4) Phlegmatic man粘液质 (thick, cold, moist, slow)
The Seven Deadly Sins
• Avarice: greed • Gluttony: about not any desire of eating or drinking, but an inordinate desire… leaving the order of reason, wherein the good of moral virtue consists • Lechery: lust • Envy • Wrath: anger • Sloth: apathy • pride
– The Wheel of Fortune turns; while one
declines
人物资料William Caxton和英国诗歌之父Chaucer
William Caxton威廉·卡克斯顿生平William Caxton (1422-1491) was the first British printer and the person who had the greatest influence on English before Shakespeare. Caxton was born in 1422 in the woods of Wilder, Kent, with some real estate in his family, so he was able to receive a good education. In 1438, he became an apprentice to Le Ze, a famous cloth merchant in London and later mayor of London. After Le Ze's death in 1441, Caxton traveled across the sea to Bruges, Belgium, to start a business specializing in the textile trade between Britain and the Flemish region."Philosopher's Quotes or Epilogues"《哲学家的名言或警句》printed in the UK, which was also the first English printed book with a publication date. In 1481, he published the first English book with illustrations, "The Mirror of the World," full-length blockbusters《世界镜鉴》，and he had translated and published 24 books himself. Of these "Caxton edition" books, there are still 1/3 of them that have survived in solitary or incomplete versions to this day, making them the most precious "incunabula" book in Britain.英国最为珍贵的“摇篮本（incunabula）威廉·卡克斯顿（1422-1491）是英国的第一个印刷商，在莎士比亚之前对英语影响最大的人，卡克斯顿于1422年出生在肯特郡维尔德的林区，家中颇有一些地产，因此能够受到良好的教育。
乔叟
返回
乔叟的诗歌创作分为三个时期： 乔叟的诗歌创作分为三个时期： 1 法国影响时期 （1360～1372）：主要翻译并仿效法国诗人的作品，创作了 《悼公爵夫人》(The Book of the Duchess (1369))，用伦敦方言翻 译了法国中世纪长篇叙事诗《玫瑰传奇》等。 2 意大利影响时期 （1372～1386）：诗人接触了资产阶级人文主义的进步思想。 这一时期的创作 如《百鸟会议》、《特罗伊勒斯和克莱西德》 (Troilus and Criseyde (c. 1385))、《好女人的故事》，反映了作者 面向生活现实的创作态度和人文主义观点。 3 成熟时期 （1386～1400）：乔叟在这最后15年里从事《坎特伯雷故事集》 的创作。无论在内容和技巧上都达到他创作的顶峰。他首创的英 雄双韵体为以后的英国诗人所广泛采用，被誉为“英国诗歌之父”。
Байду номын сангаас
返回
作品列表 坎特伯雷故事集》 《坎特伯雷故事集》（The Canterbury Tales） ） 公爵夫人之书》 《公爵夫人之书》(Book of the Duchess)、 、 声誉之宫》 《声誉之宫》(The House of Fame)、 、 百鸟会议》 《百鸟会议》(The Parliament of Fowles)、 、 贤妇传说》 《贤妇传说》(The Legend of Good Women) 特洛伊罗斯与克丽西达》 《特洛伊罗斯与克丽西达》(Troilus and Criseyde)。 。
作品欣赏 鸟儿回旋曲 来吧，夏天，用你柔和的阳光 对风雪交加的天气发动攻击， 赶得又长又黑的夜就此逃避！ 圣瓦伦丁河啊，小鸟在为你歌唱， 你戴着花冠坐在高高的云里： 来吧，夏天，用你柔和的阳光 对风雪交加的天气发动攻击。 那些鸟儿有理由不时地欢唱， 因为它们在树丛里找到伴侣。 啊，它们醒时唱得多幸福甜蜜： 来吧，夏天，柔和的阳光 对风雪交加的天气发动攻击， 赶得又长又黑的夜就此逃避！ 返回
Geoffrey_Chaucer_(杰弗里。乔叟)
• The Prologue of the Wife of Bath’s Tale The wife of Bath speaking “Experience--and no matter what they say In books--is good enough authority For me to speak of trouble in marriage. For ever since I was twelve years of age, Thanks be to God, I’ve had no less than five Husbands at church door--if one may believe I could be wed so often legally!” (P.220)
无忧PPT整理发布
7.The Wife of Bath （巴斯城的妇女） 巴斯城的妇女）
• The wife of Bath shows Chaucer’s keen observation and his unsurpassed (无比的) talent for characterization. • She is the owner of a cloth factory, lighthearted, merry, somewhat vulgar (粗俗的), and exceedingly (非常) talkative. • It is a vivid sketch (概述) of a woman of the middle class, and a colorful picture of the domestic life of that class in Chaucer’s day.
chaucer英文简介
chaucer英文简介Geoffrey Chaucer, widely considered the Father of English Literature, was born in London in the early 1340s and died in 1400. His life and works played a significant role in the development of the English language, poetry, and storytelling, leaving an enduring legacy that continues to inspire and captivate readers today.Chaucer's early life is not well-documented, and much of what is known about him comes from legal documents and historical records. It is believed that he came from a well-to-do family, as his father, John Chaucer, worked as a wine merchant. Geoffrey Chaucer's early education was probably provided by the Church, as he later received a formal education at the St. Paul's Cathedral School. He then went on to serve as a page in the household of Elizabeth de Burgh, Countess of Ulster, where he would have been exposed to the courtly life and literature of the time.Chaucer's adult life was marked by a career in public service. He held various positions in the royal administration, including customs officer, justice of the peace, and deputy forester. These roles allowed him to travel throughout England and encounter people from various social classes and backgrounds, an experience that greatly influenced his writing.One of Chaucer's most famous works is "The Canterbury Tales," a collection of stories told by a diverse group of pilgrims on their way to the shrine of Thomas Becket in Canterbury. The tales provide a vivid and nuanced portrayal of English society during the Middle Ages, showcasing a cross-section of characters from different walks of life, including a knight, a miller, a prioress, anda pardoner, among others. The variety of voices and perspectives in "The Canterbury Tales" offers a rich tapestry of human experiences, revealing the complexities of medieval society.Chaucer's writing style is notable for its use of Middle English, a precursor to modern English that in his time was transitioning from Old English. He played a crucial role in shaping the English language through his extensive vocabulary and the poetic forms he employed. Chaucer's poetry combines a keen observation of human nature with a deep appreciation for the beauty of language, making his works both entertaining and intellectually stimulating.In addition to "The Canterbury Tales," Chaucer wrote several other significant works, including "Troilus and Criseyde," a tragic love story set during the Trojan War, and "The Book of the Duchess," a poem inspired by the death of Blanche, the wife of Chaucer's patron John of Gaunt. These works showcase Chaucer's versatility as a writer, as he shifts effortlessly between genres and explores a wide range of themes and emotions.Chaucer's influence on English literature cannot be overstated. His writings inspired future generations of poets and writers, including William Shakespeare, who drew heavily from Chaucer's works. Chaucer's innovative use of vernacular English laid the groundwork for the development of the English language as we know it today, bridging the gap between the Old English of the Anglo-Saxon period and the Modern English that emerged in the Renaissance.Although Chaucer's literary reputation waned during the Tudorperiod and the Renaissance, his works experienced a revival in the 19th century with the emergence of literary criticism and the study of medieval literature. Today, Chaucer is recognized as a master storyteller whose works continue to resonate with readers from all walks of life. His vivid characters, memorable narratives, and poetic craftsmanship make him a true literary icon whose contributions to English literature are immeasurable.Geoffrey Chaucer's impact on English literature is not limited to his famous work, "The Canterbury Tales." His writings, spanning various genres and themes, have left a lasting impression on the literary landscape, cementing his status as one of the greatest poets in English history.One of the most significant aspects of Chaucer's writing is his portrayal of diverse social classes. Through his characters, he provides a detailed and at times satirical examination of medieval society. From the noble knight to the bawdy miller, each character in "The Canterbury Tales" represents a different facet of human nature, displaying the complexity and idiosyncrasies of individuals from all walks of life. This rich tapestry of voices and perspectives gives readers a nuanced understanding of social dynamics, highlighting both the virtues and vices that exist in society. Chaucer's ability to capture the essence of his characters is a testament to his keen observational skills and his understanding of human psychology. His characters come to life through their distinct personalities, quirks, and speech patterns. Whether it is the prim and proper Prioress or the comically vulgar Wife of Bath, each character is presented with intricate detail and nuance. Chaucer's ability to create fully realized individuals has greatlyinfluenced subsequent writers, who have sought to capture the complexity of the human experience in their own works.Another aspect of Chaucer's writing that sets him apart is his mastery of various poetic forms. Chaucer experimented with different poetic styles, including ballads, romances, and allegories. His poetic craftsmanship is apparent in his skillful use of rhyme, meter, and imagery. Chaucer's command of language and his ability to evoke strong emotions through his poetry continue to captivate readers and inspire poets to this day.One of Chaucer's most notable works, "Troilus and Criseyde," showcases his poetic talent and his ability to tackle complex themes. The poem tells the tragic love story of Troilus, a Trojan prince, and Criseyde, a Greek maiden. Through their tale, Chaucer explores themes of love, betrayal, and the unpredictability of fate. The poem is a testament to Chaucer's ability to balance emotional depth with intricate storytelling, creating a work that resonates with readers on both an intellectual and emotional level. Chaucer's writings also reveal his deep-rooted religious beliefs and his understanding of spirituality. In "The Canterbury Tales," the pilgrimage to the shrine of Thomas Becket serves as a backdrop for exploring themes of faith, morality, and the moral shortcomings of the clergy. Chaucer's commentary on religion and morality in medieval society provides a valuable insight into the social and cultural complexities of the time.Furthermore, Chaucer's influence extends beyond the realm of literature. His writings played a crucial role in the development ofthe English language. During Chaucer's time, English was undergoing a transition from Old English to Middle English, and Chaucer actively contributed to this linguistic transformation. He drew from various dialects and regional speech patterns, incorporating them into his works and helping to shape the English language into a more unified and standardized form.Chaucer's impact on English literature is undeniable, and his contributions have earned him a place in the literary canon. His writings continue to be studied and celebrated for their literary merit, their social commentary, and their exploration of the human condition. Chaucer's ability to capture the essence of his characters, his mastery of poetic forms, and his role in shaping the English language make him a literary icon who continues to inspire readers and writers alike.In conclusion, Geoffrey Chaucer's life and works have left an indelible mark on English literature. His keen observations of human nature, his poetic craftsmanship, and his contributions to the English language have secured his place as one of the greatest poets in history. Chaucer's writings continue to captivate readers with their vivid characters, compelling narratives, and enduring relevance. His legacy as the Father of English Literature ensures that his works will be cherished and studied for generations to come.。
乔叟
Chaucer took his narrative inspiration for his works from several sources but still remained an entirely individual poet. His first narrative poem, The Book of the Duchess, was probably written shortly after the death of Blanche, Duchess of Lancaster, first wife of John Gaunt, in September 1369. His next important work, The House of Fame, was written between 1374 and 1385. Soon afterward Chaucer translated The Consolation of Philosophy by Boethius, and wrote the poem The Parliament of Birds.
乔叟代表作：
《坎特伯雷故事集》（The Canterbury Tales）
其他作品：
《公爵夫人之书》(Book of the Duchess)、 《声誉之宫》(The House of Fame)、 《百鸟会议》(The Parliament of Fowles)、 《贤妇传说》(The Legend of Good Women) 《特洛伊罗斯与克丽西达》(Troilus and Criseyde).
Geoffrey Chaucer, (1340 years -1400), the famous medieval English writer, was born in a home wine. Edward III in 1359 with the French Expeditionary Force, was captured by the French army, near to gold redemption. Chaucer as a king-de-camp, as ambassador to many European countries, two visits to Italy and found a Dante, Boccaccio and Petrarca's works of literature for his role greatly. Chaucer in October 25, 1400 death in London and was buried in Westminster Abbey the "poet of the angle." Chaucer's the cause of death is unknown, may have been murder.
3-Chaucer 乔叟 英国诗歌之父
The Gneral Prologue (the original version)
Whan that Aprill, with his shoures soote The droghte of March hath perced to the roote, And bathed every veyne in swich licour Of which vertu engendred is the flour; Whan zephirus eek with his sweete breeth Inspired hath in every holt and heeth The tendre croppes, and the yonge sonne Hath in the Ram his halve cours yronne, And smale foweles maken melodye.
The City Canterbury
Canterbury is a city and metropolitan district in Kent England, and an important Roman town. The capital of the Saxon Kingdom of Kent.
He presents a panoramic picture of English life in the Middle Ages. He brought a realistic tone to English literary creation. All his characters are true to life He introduced Rhymed stanzas, instead of the old Anglo-Saxon (alliterative verse) He first wrote in the current English form of the time. His poetry is acknowledged as the literary language of the country, which is usually called middle English.
Lecture 2(2) chaucer英国早期文学家乔叟的相关知识
Romance: a literary genre popular in the Middle Ages (5th-15th century), dealing, in verse or prose, with legendary, supernatural, or amorous subjects and characters. The name refers to Romance languages and originally denotes any lengthy composition in one of those languages. Later the term was applied to tales specifically concerned with knights, chivalry and courtly love.
Life & Literary Influence of Chaucer
Part 3: Geoffrey Chaucer’s Time (1350-1485)
→ page, diplomat (Petrarch,Boccaccio, Dante), comptroller, parliament, clerk of Windsor, pension → “The Poet’ s Corner” in Westminster Abby → Phases of Chaucer’s literary life 1)1355-1372, French period—translator: The Romance
Part 3: Geoffrey Chaucer’s Time (1350-1485)
Historical Overview ¤ In 1154, Normans' conquest ended ¤1154-1485, Henry II, the Plantagenet's ¤1338-1453, the War of 100-year ¤1348-1449, the Black Death ¤1455-1485, The War of Roses ¤ In 1485, Henry VII, the Tudor---the end of the feudalism
杰弗里乔叟的英文简介
杰弗里乔叟的英文简介杰弗里乔叟简介Geoffrey Chaucer (about 1343 ~ 1400) British poet. His personal life is quite rich: 1357 years to do the court paternity, 1359 years to participate in the war when the law was captured, the following year by the king of redemption, 1361 - 1367 in the Temple Law Association training, 1366 and the queen of the palace The womens marriage, after many times on behalf of Edward III to the European continent, to Belgium, France, Italy and other countries, have the opportunity to meet Boccaccio and Petrak, which his literary creation had a great impact. In 1374, Chaucer was the London fur management officer, and in 1382 served as the tariff manager for alcohol and other commodities. In 1385, Chaucer was the magistrate of Kent, the second year was elected to the county knight to attend the lower house of parliament. In 1389 years after the KMT government, Chaucer has served as the royal construction works and Somerset royal forest deputy director. Chaucer was deprived of official and annuities during the asylum of the asylum, and the economy was strained. He had written the oil poem to the empty capsule to just ascend to Henry IV, complain about their own poverty. In 1400, Joao died and was buried at Poets Corner in Londons Westminster Church. He was also the first poet to be buried here.Chaucers poetic creation is divided into three periods: (1) the French influence period (1360 ~ 1372): the main translation and follow the works of the French poet, created the Duchess (The Book of the Duchess (1369) Dialect translation of the French medieval long narrative poem rose legend and so on. ② the Italian influence period(1372 ~ 1386): the poet came into contact with the progressive thinking of bourgeois humanism. The creation of this period, such as the Birds Conference, Troilus and Criseyde (c. 1385)), The Story of a Good Woman , reflects the authors creation for the reality of life Attitude and humanism. ③ mature period (1386 ~ 1400): Chaucer in the last 15 years in the Canterbury story set creation. Both in content and skills to achieve the pinnacle of his creation. His first heroic rhyme is widely used by British poets later, known as the father of British poetry.The early creation of Chaucer was influenced by Italian and French literature. He introduced the literature of knights in the French literature, the lyrics and animal fables, and so on. Its early works Trolls and Clay West (1385), character character to create vivid and delicate, language witty humor.From 1377 onwards, Chaucer repeatedly made the European continent, in contact with Dante, Pietrak and Boccaccio and others works. These writers anti-feudal anti-religious spirit and humanism, so that Chaucers creative thinking has undergone profound changes, began to turn to realism. The narrative poem Trolls and the West, which is rewritten according to a long poem of Boccaccio, rejects the traditions of fantasy and fables, instead of the description of the characters and life details in the real world. A realist work.Chaucer carried out the creation of The Canterbury Tales (1387-1400) in the last fifteen years of his life. This is his most outstanding work.Chaucers vision, profound observation, rich writing style, truly reflect the lives of different social classes, created a realist tradition of British literature, Shakespeare and Dickens have an impact.Canterbury story set is the British writer Chaucers novel. The workdescribes a group of pilgrims gathered in a small London hotel, ready to pilgrimage to Canterbury. Shopkeepers suggested that pilgrims on the way to the two stories, to see who speak the best. The story set includes 23 stories, one of the most wonderful stories are: the knights story of love tragedy, the story of the knights knights knight, the soldier who sells the crucifixion, the talismans story, the businessmans story The story of the family disputes, the story of the farmers touching love and generosity. The works extensively reflect the British social life of the embryonic period of capitalism, exposing the corruption of the church, the greed and hypocrisy of the priest, condemning the asceticism of human nature, affirming the secular love life.The artistic achievements of the Canterbury Tales are very high, far exceeding the previous British literary works, the first example of the realism in British literary history. The work combines humor and satire, and the comedy is strong, and most of the stories are written in double rhyme poems, which have had an impact on later English literature. People figure clear, lively language. Chaucers creation of the vibrant London dialect also laid the foundations for the English literary language. His first heroic rhyme was widely used by British poets in the future, and Chaucer was hailed as the father of English poetry.杰弗里乔叟作品Geoffrey Chaucer (1340 - 1400), a famous British medieval writer, was born in a wine family. 1359 years with the troops of Edward III leap in France, captured by the French army, and soon to redemption. Chaucer became kings attendants, made many European countries, twice visited Italy, found Dante, Boccaccio and Petraks works, his literary creation played a great role. The Book of the Duchess, The House of Fame, The House of Fowles, The House of Fae, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, The House ofFowles, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, The Legend of Good Women and Troilus and Criseyde. Chaucer died in London on October 25, 1400, and was buried in the corner of the poet in Westminster Abbey. Chaucers death is unknown, may be murdered, the British medieval research expert Terry Jones had a book Who murdered Chaucer Chaucer first took the London dialect writing, and the creation of heroic bimodal, the British national language and literature development great influence, it is known as the father of British poetry.。
英美文学PPT chaucer
Chaucer’s Life
• Born to a middle class family. • His father was a wine merchant who believed his child should have a formal education. • He became a page to an important family and was so respected that when he was captured as a soldier during the Hundred Year’s war, a king paid his ransom. • He died in 1400 and was buried in Westminster Abbey, thus founding the “Poets Corner”.
The prologue provides a framework for the tales. It contains a group of vivid sketches of typical medieval figures. It provides a miniature of the English society of Chaucer’s time.
30 pilgrims in Tabard Inn in spring Two stories each on the way out and two on the way back, but only 24 tales finished (including 4 fragmentary incomplete tales) 30 pilgrims, would be 120 stories. But Chaucer had actually completed only 22 stories, with two more existing in fragments.
Geoffrey Chaucer乔叟英文简介
While he achieved fame during his lifetime as an author, philosopher, alchemist and astronomer, composing a scientific treatise on the astrolabe for his ten-year-old son Lewis, Chaucer also maintained an active career in the civil service as a bureaucrat, courtier and diplomat. Among his many works, which include The Book of the Duchess, the House of Fame, the Legend of Good Women and Troilus and Criseyde, he is best known today for The Canterbury Tales
Geoffrey Chucer (/ˈtʃɔːsər/; c. 1343 – 25 October 1400), known as the Father of English literature, is widely considered the greatest English poet of the Middle Ages and was the first poet to be buried in Poets' Corner of Westminster Abbey. Chaucer was a crucial figure in developing the legitimacy of the vernacular, Middle English, at a time when the dominant literary languages in England were French and Latin
Chaucer
英雄诗体：用于史诗或叙事诗，每
Comment on Chaucer:
4.He is the first to bring the atmosphere of romantic interest about men and women and the daily work of one’s own world. 5.He is the master of English language, the greatest in the Middle Ages.
Social Significance
Affirm
men and women’s right to pursue their happiness on earth. Opposes the dogma (教条) of asceticism (苦行主义;禁欲主义)preached by the church. Praise …Expose and satirize…Attack Emphasize the indifference to worldly wealth; the greed and debauchery(放荡) of all the other clerics(牧师,教士). Weak points, e.g. nothing revolutionary in writing
The Canterbury Tales
1.
It has 24 stories. 2. It is the description of the pilgrims （朝圣者 ）who tell stories. 3. It is about the life of ordinary people. 4. It gives vivid characters, with humor and satire.
英国文学史及选读第一册Lecture1 beowulf——chaucer
Ⅳ Literary terms : Epic (or Heroic Poetry)
-- It is, originally , an oral narrative poem, majestic both in theme and style. -- With legendary or historical events of national or universal significance. -- Examples include the ancient Greek epics by the poet Homer, the Iliad and the Odyssey. (《伊利亚特》 和 《伊利亚特》 奥德赛》 《奥德赛》)
Old English Quiz
Q: What great warrior defeated Grendal? A. Hrothgar B. Caedmon C. Beowulf D. Bede
After-class Assignment
PREVIEW Job for Next Week:
--- The chief effects of Norman Conquest;
Ⅱ General Knowledge About Beowulf Theme: the heroic deeds of old time; a hero killing monsters (Grendel, a monster (Grendel, halfhalf-human, Grendel’s mother and a firefirebreathing dragon )to make the world safe for people Main Characters: Beowulf (a glorious hero, a savior of the people)and monsters Rhyme: Alliteration Comments: -- The very beginning of English poetry; -- World classics as Odyssey
Chaucer (乔叟)
Next
Geoffrey Chaucer
4) In 1367 he entered the service of King Edward III for nearly ten years.
5) In 1386 he was elected member of Parliament, but soon was dismissed. 6) In 1389 he was appointed clerk of the King’s works and the new king Henry IV granted him a pension. 7) He died in October, 1400 and was buried in Westminster Abbey, thus founding the Poets' Corner.
巅峰之作：
《坎特伯雷故事集》是英国作家乔叟的小说。作品描 坎特伯雷故事集》 写一群香客（pilgrim）聚集在伦敦一家小旅店里，准 写一群香客（pilgrim）聚集在伦敦一家小旅店里，准 备去坎特伯雷城朝圣。店主人建议香客们在往返途中 各讲两个故事，看谁讲的最好。故事集包括了23个故 各讲两个故事，看谁讲的最好。故事集包括了23个故 事，其中最精彩的故事有：骑士讲的爱情悲剧故事、 巴斯妇讲的骑士的故事、卖赎罪券者讲的劝世寓言故 事、教士讲的动物寓言故事、商人讲的家庭纠纷的故 事、农民讲的感人的爱情和慷慨义气行为的故事。作 品广泛地反映了资本主义萌芽时期的英国社会生活， 揭露了教会的腐败、教士的贪婪和伪善，谴责了扼杀 人性的禁欲主义，肯定了世俗的爱情生活。 《坎特伯雷故事集》的艺术成就很高，远远超过 坎特伯雷故事集》 了以前同时代的英国文学作品，是英国文学史上现实 主义的第一部典范。作品将幽默和讽刺结合，喜剧色 彩浓厚，其中大多数故事用双韵诗体写成，对后来的 英国文学产生了影响。人物形象鲜明，语言生动活泼。 乔叟用富有生命力的伦敦方言进行创作，也为英国文 学语言奠定了基础。他首创的英雄双韵体为以后的英 国诗人所广泛采用，因而乔叟被誉为“英国诗歌之 父”。
Chaucer乔叟简介
3. Maturity ( 1386 ---- 1400) The Canterbury Tales 《坎特伯雷故事 集》
Literary career 1. French influence ( 1359 ---- 1372) The Book of the Duchess 《 悼公爵夫 人》
The Romance of the Rose (Roman de la Rose) 《玫瑰传奇》
2. Italian influence (1372 ---- 1386) The House of Fame 《荣誉堂》
Rime押韵
Rime is the repetition of the same sound at the end of two or more lines. day, may motion, ocean behaviour, saviour single rime double rime triple rime
―Heroic Couplet‖英雄双韵体 couplet: A unit of verse consisting of two successive lines, usually rhyming and having the same meter and often forming a complete thought or syntactic unit. → an introduction from French poetry → a pair of rhymed lines of iambic pentameter aa bb cc dd ee ff gg
Chaucer
Also among the works of this period are the unfinished Legend of Good Women, a poem telling of nine classical heroines, which introduced the heroic couplet (two rhyming lines of iambic pentameter) into English verse; the prose fragment The Treatise on the Astrolabe, written for his son Lewis; and Troilus and Criseyde, based on Boccaccio's Filostrato, one of the great love poems in the English language (see Troilus and Cressida). In Troilus and Criseyde, Chaucer perfected the seven-line stanza later called rhyme royal.
（Geoffrey Chaucer, 1343 - 1400），诗人，生于富商之家，与王室关系密切.
曾数度出使法国和意大利等欧洲大陆国家，还担任过海关官员和法官等公职。乔叟的文学创作深受法国文学、特别是文艺复兴时期的意大利文学的影响，其主要作品有《公爵夫人之书》（The Book of the Dutchess）、《声誉之堂》（The House of Fame）、《百鸟议会》（The Parliament of Fowls）以及他的代表作 《坎特伯雷故事集》（The Canterbury Tales）等。
Chaucer(乔叟)
The Significance of The Canterbury Tales
close observation of his time and people (“a master of realism”) adoption of well organized structure sense of humor using English instead of French or Latin
Whan that Aprill, with his shoures soote The droghte of March hath perced to the roote And bathed every veyne in swich licour, Of which vertu engendred is the flour; Whan Zephirus eek with his sweete breeth Inspired hath in every holt and heeth The tendre croppes, and the yonge sonne Hath in the Ram his halfe cours yronne, And smale foweles maken melodye, That slepen al the nyght with open eye(So priketh hem Nature in hir corages); Thanne longen folk to goon on pilgrimages And palmeres for to seken straunge strondes To ferne halwes, kowthe in sondry londes; And specially from every shires ende Of Engelond, to Caunterbury they wende, The hooly blisful martir for to seke That hem hath holpen, whan that they were seeke.
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
– Expose and satirize the social vices, including religious abuses
(2) The first important realistic writer
– Present a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society
– Introduce the rhymed stanzas of various types to
English poetry (e.g. heroic couplet)
– Develop his art of poetry – Master of the English language
4. Major Works
(5) Two kinds of love, voice, motivation: earthly love, divine love (6) Structure: generality to specification; secular to religion (7) Compare Chaucer’s opening with that of Eliot’s in The Waste Land
3. The General Prologue
– Occasion – Time
– Sketches of the pilgrims
– Purpose – Motivation – Satire
4. The Opening Lines (1) Cycles of time
– 4 seasons of a year
5. Five specific methods of characterization in the Prologue
– Radix trait. Focus on a central characteristic (the Knight is worthy; the Yeoman is a forester) – Touchstone line. A line that pinpoints the essence of the character (the Knight was a “true, a perfect gentle-knight”; the Squire was “as fresh as is the month of May”)
– Five ideals Chaucer treats seriously (Knight, Squire, Clerk, Parson, Plowman) – Some he pokes fun at (Prioress, Monk, Wife of Bath)
– Some he is quiet about; short portraits with personal view coming through (Prioress’s entourage) – Some not very good; Chaucer is just a little negative (Shipman, Manciple) – Hardened sinners, all of them religious officials (Friar, Pardoner, Summoner)
– Conscious use of hyperbole, usually used to create bias (Man of Law knew all the cases in the book, the Friar the best beggar in his order) – Disparate (incongruous) detail, particularly used on the “bad guys” (mention of the Cook’s ulcer interrupts discussion of wonderful dishes he can prepare)
– Glimpse of the spiritual, interior person through physical description; outward, physical blemishes suggest inner blemishes (the Cook has a running sore; the Wife of Bath has “gap teeth”)
– Guildsmen (Haberdasher, Dyer, etc.)
– Laborer (Plowman)
The prioress
The Wife of Bath
The Knight
The Oxford Clerk
Chaucer
The pilgrims fall into several groups according to Chaucer’s attitude toward them.
– 4 parts of a day
– 4 phases of the moon
– 4 stages of man
(2) Connotations of Spring
– Rebirth or revival of nature (biological, erotic) – Reawakening of super-nature (religious)
– Create a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life – Explore the theme of the individual's relation to the society
(3) “Father” of English poetry
2. Pilgrims
– Upper class (Knight, Squire, church people)
– Learned professions (Physician, Man of Law) – Landed gentry (Franklin) – Medieval manor people (Miller, Reeve) – Mercantile class (Shipman, Merchant)
– The Romaunt of the Rose 《玫瑰罗曼史》 – Troilus and Criseyde 《特罗勒斯和科丽西德》 – The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》
Great Contributions
Introduced French Romance and legends as well as Italian Human literature,especially Boccaccio, praising man’s energy,intellect， quick wit and the love for life. Found the English literary language,the basis of which was formed by the London dialect ; Realistic writing style and mild satire; Heroic couplet:2 lines of poetry ,one following the other, that are of equal length.
The Canterbury Tales
It opens with a general prologue where we are told of a company of 32 pilgrims , who gathered at Tabard Inn in Southwark, a suburb of London.They are on their way to the shrine of St.Thomas Becket at Canterbury.They set out together with the jolly innkeeper, Harry Baily,who proposed that each pilgrim should tell two tales on the way to Canterbury and two more on the way back.But , totally only 24 tales are finished.The pilgrims are from various parts of England ,representatives of all walks of life and social groups, knights,monks,widows and priest ect.His work showed a strikingly brilliant and picturesque panorama of his time and his country.
Artistic Features
(1) Messenger of Humanism
– Affirm man's right to pursue earthly happiness – Praise man's energy, intellect, quick wit and love of life
Life and Career
By 1366 he had married Philippa Roet, who was probably the sister of John of Gaunt's third wife; she was a lady-inwaiting to Edward III's queen. During the years 1370 to 1378, Chaucer was frequently employed on diplomatic missions to the Continent, visiting Italy in 1372–73 and in 1378. From 1374 on he held a number of official positions, among them comptroller of customs on furs, skins, and hides for the port of London (1374–86) and clerk of the king's works (1389–91). The official date of Chaucer's death is Oct. 25, 1400. He was the first to be buried with honor in the Poet’s Corner of Westminster Abbey.