北京林业大学语言学2006---2007期末试卷及答案

I. For each question，there are four choices of answers. In some cases，only one choice is correct while in others there may be two or three correct ones. Choose ALL the correct ones. （25 points）1. Which of the following theories takes as the origin of language the instinctive sounds of pain，anger and joy？A. the bow-wow theoryB. the pooh-pooh theoryC. the “yo-he-ho” theoryD. the Winnie-the-Pooh theory2. Which of the following are am ong Halliday’s theory of meta functions of language？A. ideationalB. relationalC. interpersonalD. textual3. The distinction between langue and parole was put forward by _____.A. BloomfieldB. de SaussureC. ChomskyD. Halliday4. Which of the following is a vowel？A. [p]B. [f]C. [æ]D. [m]5. Which of the following is the correct description of [f]？A. voiceless labiodental fricativeB. voiced labiodental fricativeC. voiceless labiodental stopD. voiced labiodental stop6. Which of the following vowels is CV8？A. [a]B. [e]C. [u]D.[i]7. Which of the following words are likely to have stress in sentences？A. onB. wonderfulC. fireD. right8. _____ advocated treating the word as “the minimum free form”.A. Leonard BloomfieldB. Noam ChomskyC. John LyonsD. M A K Halliday9. Which of the following word classes are open classes？A. conjunctionB. determinerC. adverbD. verb10. Which of the following are suffixes？A. unB. tionC. nessD. er11. Number and gender are mostly categories of the _____.A. interjectionB. nounC. prepositionD. pronoun12. “Concord” has the same meaning as _____.A. perfectiveB. progressiveC. agreementD. government13. Which of the following meanings are the terms of Geoffrey Leech？A. conceptual meaningB. social meaningC. lexical meaningD. thematic meaning14. Synonymy is the technical term for the _____ relation.A. oppositenessB. complementaryC. gradableD. sameness15. Which of the following are converse antonyms？A. clever ：stupidB. husband ：wifeC. give ：receiveD. teacher ：employee16. Which of the following are correct readings of “CAU SE （x，（BECOME （y，（~ALIVE （y）））））”？A. x causes y to become not alive.B. x causes y to become alive.C. x causes y to become not dead.D. x causes y to become dead.17. Which of the following meanings are the foci of pragmatics？A. Lexical meaningB. Propositional meaningC. Utterance meaningD. Contextual meaning18. Which of the following lines rhyme？A. Be your wounds like eyes / To weep for the dead，the dead.B. It was winter such as when birds die / In the deep forests；and the fishes lieC. Stiffened in the translucent ice，which makes / Even the mud and slime of the warm lakesD. Gather about great fires，and yet feel cold：/ Alas，then，for the homeless beggar old！19. Which of the following lines are in the form of iambic pentameters？A. Her eye are wild，her head is are，/ The sun has burnt her coal-black hair，B. When lovely woman stoops to folly，/ And finds too late that men betray，C. For saints have hands that pilgrim’s hands do touch，/ And palm to palm is holy palmer’s kiss.D. Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May，/ And summer's lease hath all too short a date.20. Which of these writers wrote in the form of ‘streams of con sciousness？A. William FaulknerB. James JoyceC. Charles DickensD. Virginia Woolf21. The ‘variationist perspective’ is a way to investigate language by studying how language is used in _____.A. social interactionB. religious beliefsC. ethnic identityD. different situations22. Which of the following are more likely to be used by women？A. ‘fancy’ color termsB. strong curse wordsC. tag questionsD. less direct expressions23. Which of the following are related to the recent developments of CALL？A. MultimediaB. HypermediaC. The internetD. The language lab24. Which of the following statements are true of machine translation today？A. All current commercial and operational systems produce output which must be edited or revised if it is to be of published quality.B. They provide dictionary-based，word-for-word translation，with low-quality results.C. MT works best in domain-specific and controlled environments.D. Currently the state of machine translation is such that it involves some human intervention，as it requires a pre-editing and a post-editing phase.25. What does ‘mouse potato’ mean？A. a mouse padB. a mouse shaped like a potatoC. a potato as food for the mouseD. a computer addictII. Decide whether the following statements are true （T）or false （F）. （15 points）tin has fewer morphological changes than English.2.For sounds to be allophones of the same phoneme they must be complementarily distributed and must have phonetic similarity.3. A closed syllable is one without a coda.4.“Tofu” is a direct borrowing from Chinese.5.The consonant [x] existed in Old English.6.Today we normally say that English has three tenses：present，past and future.7.In logical symbols，∀means “all” and ∃means “some”.8.Every word has a sense just as every word has a reference.9.Conversational implicature is a kind of implied meaning，deduced on the basis of the conventional meaning of words together with the context，under the guidance of the CP and its maxims.10. The first meaning for a word that a dictionary definition gives is usually its figurative meaning.11. Similes and metaphors are different in that a metaphor makes a comparison between two unlike elements.12. ‘Shit，you’ve put the peanut butter in the refrigerator again.’ This is mostly likely to be said by a woman.13. When Mr. Goodell said ‘I’ve had enough dumbbells in my office’，he meant he had some stupid guys in his office.14. The difference between CAL and CALL is that the former deals with the teaching and learning of language in particular.15. All of the following emoticons have to do with smiling or laughter：A. ：-）B. ：-OC. |-DD. {}III. Define the following terms. （20 points）1. approximant2. lexical words3. the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis4. synecdocheIV. Answer TWO of the following questions. （40 points）1. What is ‘assimilation’？（Note：the first edition of Sociolinguistics was published by Cambridge University Press in 1980）答案及评分标准III. 解词。