【科技英语翻译】长句翻译_北京林业大学

【科技英语翻译】长句翻译

例1. Also, most engines have a spill return system, by which any excess fuel from the injector pump and injectors is returned to the fuel tank.

译文:另外，大多数发动机都有一个溢出回油系统，通过该系统，从噴油泵和喷油嘴喷出的过多的油会回流到油箱。

照应译法——过渡词一般采用直译法

例2. Around the world, there were about 806 million cars and light trucks on the road in 2007; they burn over a billion cubic meters of petrol/gasoline and diesel fuel yearly.

译文:2007年，全世界范围内道路上行驶的小汽车和轻型卡车大约有8.06亿辆。每年烧掉的汽油和柴油超过10亿立方米。

换序法-2007应该在后面但是放在了前面

例3. Information technology, together with industrial machinery and processes, can assist design, implementation, and monitoring of control systems. One example of industrial control system is a programmable logic controller (PLC). PLCs are specialized hardened computers which are frequently used to synchronize the flow of inputs from physical sensors and events with the flow of outputs to actuators and events.

译文:信息技术与工业机械和工业生产过程一道，可以帮助控制系统的设计、执行和监控。可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)就是工业控制系统的一个例证。可编程逻辑控制器属于专用硬化计算机，常常用来将(物理)传感器和事件的输入信号与执行机构和事件的输出信号同步。Synchronize同步

还原法——把PLC还原成可编程逻辑控制器

例4. Machines are usually powered by mechanical, chemical thermal, or electrical means, and are often motorized. Historically, a power tool also required moving parts to classify as a machine. However, the advent of electronics technology has led to the development of power tools without moving parts that are considered machines.

译文:机器通常是通过机械能、化学能、热能或电能方式获得动力。并且常常是机动化。历史上，电动工具也要求有活动零件来作为机器分类的标志。但是，电子技术的出现带动了被看作机器但没有活动零件的电动工具的发展。

句中的machine和tool属于近义词

分译法——第一句翻译成了两句（也可以用合译法什么的）

例5. Many mechanical engineering companies especially those in industrialized nations, have begun to incorporate computer-aided engineering (CAE) programs into their existing design and analysis processes, including 2D and 3D solid modeling computer aided design (CAD). 译文:许多机械工程公司，尤其是工业化国家的机械工程公司，已经开始将计算机辅助工程(CAE)程序运用到他们现有的设计与分析过程中包括二维和三维的实体模型计算机辅助设计(CAD)。

还原法。Those指的mechanical engineering companies，机械工程公司

例6. An electric motor converts electric energy into mechanical energy. Most electric motors operate through interacting magnetic fields and current-carrying conductors to generate force, although a few use electrostatic forces. The reverse process, producing electrical energy from mechanical energy, is done by generators such as an alternator or a dynamo. Many types of electric motors can be run as generators, and vice versa. For example, a starter/ generator for a gas turbine, often perform both tasks. Electric motors and generators are commonly referred to as electric machines.

译文2:电动机将电能转化为机械能。虽然有一些电动机利用静电力，但大多数电动机都是通过相互作用的磁场和载流导线产生力。反过来，发电机，如交流发电机或直流发电机则是从机械能产生电能。许多类型的电动机既可以用作发电机，也可以用作电动机，如燃气轮机的启动机/发电机常常完成这两项任务。电动机和发电机通常被统称为电机。

换序法——反过来那一句

例7. All power systems have one or more sources power. For some power systems, the source of power is external to the system, but for others it is part of the system itself. Direct current power can be supplied by batteries fuel cells or photovoltaic cell. Alternating current power is typically supplied by a rotor that spins in a magnetic field in a device known as a turbo generator in a power station. There have been a wide range of techniques used to spin a turbine's rotor, from superheated steam heated using fossil fuel (including coal, gas and oil to water itself (hydroelectric power) and wind (wind power). Even nuclear power typically depends on water heated to steam using a nuclear reaction.

AC交流电——DC直流电

译文:所有的电力系统都有一个或多个电源。对某些电力系统来说，电源是来自系统的外部，但对另外一些系统来说，电源则是系统本身的一部分。直流电可以通过电瓶、燃料电池或光伏电池供电。交流电主要是通过发电厂的汽轮发电机转子在磁场中旋转而生产电。汽轮机转子旋转所使用的技术范围很广，包括使用化石燃料(如煤、石油、天然气加热而产生的过热蒸汽、水(水电)和风(风电)。甚至核电也主要依赖水，利用核反应将水加热成蒸汽。

以上语篇中，power具有多重词义，如“功率，动动，电能，电源，[数]幂，力量，能力,政权”等在该语境中，power的词义是“电，电源。

例8. An unfinished workpiece requiring machining will need have some material cut away to create a finished product. A finished product would be a workpiece that meets the specifications set out for that workpiece by engineering drawings or blueprints. For example, a workpiece may be required to have a specific outside diameter. A lathe is a machine tool that can be used to create that diameter by rotating a metal workpiece, so that a cutting tool can cut metal away, creating a smooth, round surface matching the required diameter and surface finish. A drill can be used to remove metal in the shape of a cylindrical hole. Other tools that may be used for various types of metal removal are milling machines, saws, and grinding machines.

译文:一个需要加工的半成品工件需要切割一些材料来制造出一个成品件。一个成品件应当符合该工件工程图纸或蓝图所设定的技术要求。例如，一个工件可能需要有一个特殊的外径。车床是可以通过转动金属工件来加工该直径的机床，因此，切削刀具能够切削金属，加工出符合直径和表面光洁度的光洁圆滑的表面。钻床可以切削金属，钻出圆孔。其他可以用于各种金属切削的机床还有铣床、锯床和磨床。