2014高考英语语法专题复习精品课件47：如何分析英语句子结构

3、宾语：它是表示及物动词或及物动词短 语所作用的对象的，如 I study English 中 的English和He makes full use of his spare time to study中的his spare time.介词后的 名词或代词，叫做介词的宾语，如He went away with no words中的no words.作宾语 的有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名 词和宾语从句。
三、简单句的五种基本句型：
1、主语+连系动词+表语 如： I’m not feeling well today. Our country is becoming stronger and stronger. 连系动词有：be,seem,appear,keep,prove,turn out/look,feel, sound,smell,taste/become,grow,get,turn,go,come(tr ue),fall(ill, asleep)
2、并列句：并列句由并列连词或分号“；”把两个 或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。如：It is late , so we must hurry.
3、复合句：复合句中含有一个或一个以 上的从句。如：If we want to keep fit , we must always remember that prevention is better than cure. 从以上并列句和复合句的例句来看，我 们不难看出它们实际上是由几个简单句通 过并列连词或从属连词连接起来的。因此， 只要我们掌握了简单句的几种基本句型， 我们就可以通过在句中寻找起连接作用的 连词来分析复杂的句子。

4、主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 如： My father bought me an electronic dictionary. Mr Wang teaches us chemistry. 用于此句型的动词有 buy,find,bring,give,teach,pass,show,tell, do,leave,get,lend,lose（使……失 去）,cost(使……付出代 价）,offer,promise,sing,write,deny,envy. 5、主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 如： Marx made London the base for his revolutionary work.
7、补足语：补充说明句中的主语或者宾语的， 作补足语的有：名词、形容词、介词短语、不 定式和分词（短语）。如I find it interesting中的 interesting. 8、同位语：把一个名词（短语）、代词或从句 放在另一名词或代词后，用以说明前者的性质 或情况，这样的名词或代词叫同位语。如We Chinese people love peace中的Chinese people是主 语We的同位语.
A fire broke out in the restaurant last night. 4).听到这个激动人心的消息，她脸上露出了笑容。 After she heard this exciting news,a smile appeared on her face. 5).欢迎你们参观我们学校！ Welcome to visit our school!/Welcome to our school! 6).一场暴风雨过后，苹果树上只剩几个苹果。 After a rainstorm,only a few apples remained on the trees. 除了以上不符合汉语习惯顺序的词之外，其它情况下英 语陈述句的句序和汉语的顺序是吻合的。我们可将英语陈 述句的句序归纳如下： 主谓（宾）/主系表一条线，定语和名词紧相连。 不是在后就在前，状语很少在中间。 四、长难句分析练习
1.They guess that racial differences in which dairy products are usually consumed,or in eating habits—having small amounts of dairy products throughout the day,for instance, rather than a single large serving—may help explain the finding. 2.How could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments—mostly for entertainment purposes —is fair and respectful? 3.Human beings have agreed,in the course of centuries of mutual dependency,to let the various noises that they can produce with their lungs,throats,tongues,teeth,and lips systematically stand for certain happenings in their nervy made his sister cry. Our teacher encouraged us to work hard. Our headteacher required us not to be late for class. 1)、接名词作补足语的动词有：call,choose,think,consider, believe,find,make,etc. 2)、接动词不定式作补足语的动词有：see,watch,notice,let, have,hear,make;ask,tell,order,require,want,advise,persuade, cause,encourage,permit(allow),forbid,teach.不能用于此结构 的动词有：suggest,demand,hope,agree. 3)、接形容词作补足语的动词有：think,believe,find,feel, consider,keep,leave,make,get,paint,wish,drive. 以上五种基本句型中的主语、宾语、表语都可扩展成相 应的从句，从而成为复合句。同时，复合句中的主、从句 也是由以上五种基本句型组成的。如： What he says doesn’t agree with what he does.
47《如何分析英语 句子结构》
一、要弄清楚英语句子的结构，我们先要 弄清楚组成一个句子的各个组成部分，即 句子的成分：
主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语和同 位语的概念。 1、主语：是一个句子所要说明的人和事物，是一句的 主体。如 I study English中的 I。作主语的有：名词、代 词、数词、不定式、动名词和主语从句。 2、谓语：它是说明主语的动作或状态的，如 I study English中的 study.作谓语的有：及物动词或及物动词短 语。
4.Just as social positions can be symbolized by feathers worn on the head,by gold on the watch chain,or by a thousand other things according to the culture we live in,so the fact of being hungry can be symbolized by a thousand different noises according to the culture we live in. 5.The fact that most of these young people have gone to Europeanized or Americanized societies makes it unlikely that they will hold as tightly to the value of duty as they would have if they had not left their countries.
2、主语+不及物动词（或短语）（+状语） 如： The sun rises in the east. The Opium War broke out in 1839.
3、主语+及物动词（或短语）+宾语 如： They decided to hold a class meeting. We depend on our parents for food and clothing. 在此句型中，我们要掌握接动词不定式作宾 语和接动名词作宾语的动词。
二、按照句子的结构来分，英语的句子有 以下三种类型：
1、简单句：简单句只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一 个谓语动词（或并列谓语动词）。如：My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.
4、表语：它是放在连系动词之后表示主语的身 份或特征的，如 That sounds a good idea中的a good idea.作表语的有：名词、代词、数词、形 容词、介词短语、表地点或方位的副词、不定 式、动名词、分词和表语从句。 5、定语：它是限定名词或代词用的，作定语的 有：名词、形容词、数词、介词短语、不定式、 分词、动名词和定语从句，若是词则多作前置 定语，若是短语或定语从句则只能作后置定语。 如the polluted river中的polluted和the river polluted by chemicals中的polluted by chemicals.