分词定状
不定式和分词作状语,独立成分,独立主格结构和with复合结构(24张)
Reflection: 不定式主要是用作什么状语? 作其它状语时,句子结构有什么特征?
三、. 分词作状语 1.分词作状语的形式
形式 (not) doing
(not) having done (not) being done
(not) having been done v.-ed (done)
意义 与句子主语为逻辑上的主动关系,且与谓语动词同时/ 基本同时发生 与句子主语为逻辑上的主动关系,先于谓语动词发生 与句子主语为逻辑上的被动关系,且与谓语动词同时/ 基本同时发生 与句子主语为逻辑上的被动关系,且先于谓语动词发生 与句子主语为逻辑上的被动关系,表完成
不定式或分词作状语时,它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致,若不一致, 则需要带有自己的逻辑主语,称之为独立主格结构。 独立主格结构:名词/代词+分词/不定式(名词,形容词,副词,介词短语) ; with复合结构:with/without+名词/代词+分词/不定式(名词,形容词,副词,
介词短语)。
特点: ①逻辑主语独立存在,与句子的主语不同。 ②逻辑主语与后面的分词或不定式是逻辑上的主动或被动关系。 ③独立主格结构一般由逗号与句子分开。
4) The holiday
finished (finish),we began our new term.
5) As a result, the virus had been found in the majority of provinces ,
with thousands of people i_n_f_ec_t_e_d___(infect).
2.分词作状语的句法功能
eg.
As she didn't see anybody at home, she decided to leave them a note.
分词的用法小结
分词的用法小结分词时非谓语动词的形式之一。
分词可以分为现在分词和过去分词两种。
二者的基本区别是现在分词表示主动和进行,而及物动词的过去分词表示被动和完成,不及物动词的过去分词仅表示完成。
分词主要考查两类分词的区分:分词的时态与语态;分词作状语;分词的逻辑主语问题等。
一、分词的句法功能1、分词作表语分词作表语时其逻辑主语是该句子的主语。
主动关系用现在分词,被动关系用过去分词。
现在分词作表语表示主语的特征和性质,过去分词则常用来表示主语所处的状态。
如:The scene is moving.这个场面很感人。
The crowd are moved. 人们很感动。
The piece of news is disappointing.这条消息令人失望。
I am very disappointed.我很失望。
Tom sounds very much_______in the job, but I'm not sure whether he can manage it.A.Interested B interesting C interestingly D interestedly2、分词作定语1)作定语的及物动词分词形式为:V-ing;being+done;过去分词。
当被修饰的名词与分词为主动关系时,用V-ing;当被修饰的名词与分词为被动关系且表正在进行时,用being+done;当被修饰的名词与分词为被动关系且表完成时,用过去分词。
The crying baby is her son.The houses being built are for the teachers.The broken glass is Tom's.2)作定语的不及物动词分词形式为:V-ing和过去分词。
现在分词表示正在进行;过去分词表示已经完成。
Falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子fallen leaves 落下的叶子;boiling water 正在沸腾的水boiled water 开过的水;developing countries 发展中国家developed countries 发达国家the risen sun the rising sun;3)分词短语作定语时,应放在被修饰的词后。
英语现在分词的形式、特点和功能
英语现在分词的形式、特点和功能摘要现在分词是英语中一种非谓语动词形式,由动词加-ing构成。
现在分词有两个基本特点:一是表示动作正在进行或主动性;二是与其逻辑主语是主谓关系。
现在分词可以在句子中充当定语、状语、补语、表语等成分,并且具有动词的性质,可以带宾语和状语。
本文将从以下几个方面介绍现在分词在句子中的成分:现在分词作定语现在分词作状语现在分词作补语现在分词作表语现在分词的其他功能现在分词作定语现在分词作定语时,通常放在被修饰名词的前面,表示被修饰名词是现在分词动作的发出者或正在进行该动作。
例如:a running man 一个跑步的人a burning candle 一支燃烧的蜡烛a sleeping baby 一个睡觉的婴儿有时,现在分词作定语也可以放在被修饰名词的后面,这时通常表示现在分词有自己的宾语或状语,构成一个现在分词短语。
例如:the man sitting in the corner坐在角落里的人the book written by him由他写的书the girl wearing a red dress穿着红裙子的女孩下表总结了现在分词作定语的用法和含义:位置用法含义名词前单个现在分词表示被修饰名词是动作的发出者或正在进行该动作名词后现在分词短语表示被修饰名词与动作之间的逻辑关系现在分词作状语现在分词作状语时,可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式、伴随等意义,并且与主句的主语是主谓关系。
例如:Seeing the teacher coming, the students stopped talking.(时间)Being ill, she didn't go to school.(原因)Working hard, you will succeed.(条件)Knowing he was wrong, he still insisted.(让步)He fell down, breaking his leg.(结果)She came in, smiling.(方式)He sat there, reading a newspaper.(伴随)下表总结了现在分词作状语的用法和含义:意义用法例句时间现在分词表示与主句动作同时或先于主句动作发生Hearing a loud noise, he looked up.原因现在分词表示主句动作的原因或理由Having no money, he had to sell hishouse.条件现在分词表示主句动作发生的条件或假设Following this road, you will find the postoffice.让步现在分词表示与主句动作相反或出乎意料的情况,常用though, even if,even though等引导Knowing it was dangerous, he went intothe forest.结果现在分词表示主句动作的结果或后果,常用逗号与主句分隔He hit the rock, breaking his arm.方式现在分词表示主句动作的方式或态度He answered the question, laughing.伴随现在分词表示与主句动作同时发生的另一个动作She stood there, waiting for him.现在分词作补语现在分词作补语时,可以对主语或宾语进行补充说明,表示主语或宾语正在进行的动作或状态。
分词 定状补
现在分词作定状补(现在分词V-ing为非谓语动词时,可作为定状补成分)【作定语】V-ing与修饰的名词存在主谓关系,表主动1.单个动词V-ing作为前置定语,表用途或状态(或动作)1a reading room=a room which is used for reading;a swimming pool;a drawing board;running shoes2a developing country=a country which is developing;a sleeping baby;the coming week(下一周)严格意义上来说,在表用途时V-ing作动名词理解,表状态或动作时方作现在分词理解2.V-ing短语作为后置定语1若被修饰的名词是特指名词,表主动和进行时The girl sitting beside me(who is sitting beside me)is my cousin.2若被修饰的名词为泛指名词、不定代词(或不定代词短语),时态上既可表进行时,亦可表一般现在时Women looking after small children(who look after small children)usually get paid by the month.Can you show me any word beginning with the letter“x”?(which begins with the letter“x”)注意1若被修饰的特指名词表示非进行时态的意义,一般用一个定语从句来表达a.The boy who will bring the milk has gone out.b.The officer that left yesterday has come again.针对此句,作以下特别说明:虽然过去分词V-ed可以表示完成时,但是过去分词作定语时与修饰的名词为动宾关系,表被动,故而不能改为用V-ed来作为定语,即The officer left yesterday has come again是错误的;虽然having done分词短语可表示完成时,但是having done不用作定语,而作为状语,故而不能改为用having done来作为定语,即The officer having left yesterday has come again是错误的。
分词作表语定语状语
分词作表语、定语、状语一、现在分词和过去分词的区别more beautiful.二、分词的用法1 分词作表语1)跟在系动词之后分词作表语,一般跟在b e, get, become, look, sound, feel, keep,remain, grow, seem, appear 等系动词后面。
现在分词作表语:一般表主动或主语的性质和特征。
含有“令人...”的意思。
主语多数情况下是物。
过去分词作表语:一般表被动或主语所处的状态。
含有“感到....”的意思。
主语多数情况下是人。
而作表语用的分词,许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。
常见的原以下:现在分词:moving, interesting, encouraging, exciting,inspiring, boring,surprising, puzzling, amusing, astonishing,missing, promissing过去分词:interested, moved, discouraged, amused, astonished, frighten, excited, inspired, pleased, satisfied, tired, worried, completed, delighted, hurt, married, crowded。
1.The news sounds encouraging.这个消息听起来令人鼓舞。
2.How did the audience receive the new play?观众对这个新剧反映如何?3.They got very excited.他们非常激动。
4.How did Bob do in the exams this time?这次鲍伯考得怎么样?5.Well, his father seems pleased with his results.不错,他父亲似乎对于他的成绩感到高兴。
英语口诀
称呼习语和头衔。 特指事物及习惯。
1有水无湖:海、洋、海湾、河等,都用the;单个湖不用the,(但多个湖用 the);
the Red Sea,the Pacific Ocean,the Persian Gulf, the Yangtze
River The Great Lakes(五大湖);Lake Erie(伊利湖)
定语从句 定从有限和非限,有无逗号最关键。 被修饰语先见面,定从紧随像跟班。 关系代词有六员,代人代物交替玩。 Who,which,that系分辨, 用法有别不同栏。 关系副词共有三, when,where,why一把联。 介加which可替换, 从中作状时地原。 主谓一致时态观, 同位定从差别远。
The Constitution(宪法); chapter one 7.学而不专:学校放在词组的前面时用the;专有名词放在词组的前面时不用 the;
The University of Fudan; Fudan University
必用定冠词 世上独一二次现, 序词形容高级前。 富人伤员按天算, 方位乐器影剧院。 群岛河山江湖海, 普专复合姓氏前。 双知年代击中脸, 特指事物及习惯。
写作 写作一类给提纲,限定主题和文长。 一般首句已登场,结尾也都给周详。 真实名称不能讲,咋写不可出了框。 写作二类图表上。描述内容和感想。 开头结尾不用忙,控制力度已下降。 写作三类是开放,简短引导在一旁。 题目虽给留白广,找准调子不离纲。 继续说明论短长,问题格式心上放。 长句短句文抑扬,短句常来点睛亮。 长句论理好模样,短语优先字数壮。 多实少虚碰牙床,句式多变冲力强。 主宾表从失衡棒,独立主格重质量, 书法成就好文章,一笔好字必争光。
用which不用that 动动相遇 定从前面有逗号, 动动相遇后变形, 关系词前代词到。 表示偶尔不定请, That已在句首冒, 表示经常用动名。 快用which得分高。
英语句子成分结构详解主谓宾定状补同位语分析
英语句子成分结构详解定语| 状语| 宾语| 补语| 同位语| 独立成分| 分词独立结构一、英语语句基本结构分析:>> 主谓宾结构:主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。
主语一般在句首。
注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。
不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come.宾语:宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如:me,him,them等例:The boy needs a pen.主语the boy,谓语needs(need的第三人称单数形式),宾语a pen. >> 主系表结构:主语:同‘主谓宾’结构。
联系动词(Link verb):be动词(am,is,are,was,were,have been);其他联系动词如:become 成为,turn变成,go变。
其特点是联系动词与其后的表语没有动宾关系,表语多为形容词或副词,既,不可能是宾语。
感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻。
表语:说明主语的状态、性质、等。
可为形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、分词。
当联系动词不是be,而其后是名词和代词时,多表达‘转变为’之意,注意与动宾关系的区别。
例:Tom is a boy.(Tom是个男孩)/主语为Tom,系词为be动词的第三人称单数is,表语为a boy >> There be 结构:There be 表示‘存在有’。
这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。
此结构后跟名词,表示‘(存在)有某事物’试比较:There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩。
)/前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词‘那里’。
状语的具体讲解四原因状语
句子成分之——-状语的具体讲解(四)原因状语导读:原因状语解释了主语的动作或者状态。
1. 介词短语做状语2. 形容词做状语3. 分词做状语4. 状语从句(区分了 because, since, for, as的用法)1. 介词短语做原因状语:because of , due to, on the account of, owing to, as a result of 等词可以引导原因状语,后面需要接:名词(词组),代词,动名词。
(接名词)Newton discovered gravity due to an apple.牛顿因为一个苹果发现了万有引力。
(接名词词组)He can’t forget the past because of the old days with his wife.他忘不掉过去是因为忘不掉和他妻子一起度过的陈年往事。
(接代词)My mom disagreed with my decision. As a result of this, I changed my major. 我妈妈不同意我的决定。
因此,我换了个专业。
(接动名词)On the account of loosing old friends, he can’t focus on the study.由于失去了老朋友,他没办法再专注于学习。
because of , due to, on the account of, owing to 基本相同,可用在句首或者句尾,其中owing to在用在句尾的时候前面要加“逗号”,because of更倾向口语Because of my bad leg ,I couldn’t walk so fast as the others.由于我的腿坏了,我不能像其他人走得那么快。
Owing to his careless driving, we had a bad accident.由于他驾驶疏忽,我们发生了次大车祸.Your failure is due to negligence.你的失败是由于疏忽所造成的.2. 形容词做原因状语形容词做原因状语时,表示的是一种状态做原因。
分词做定状语和独立结构
非谓语之分词篇A.分词作定语现在分词表“主动又正在进行着”过去分词表“被动且已经完成了”generally speaking ,vt.--->-ed作定语;vi---->-ing作定语but,少数vi. 也可用-ing 分词作定语表状态(eg. an retired worker / a broken window)but,有些词既有vt. and vi.所以就有两种形式(-ed/-ing)作定语(eg. a developed/developing country)* 如果分词是一个词的话,一般用前置定语。
分词改定语从句The apartment (that was)bought last year is now worth more money.定语(后置,从句……)其他形式,不在此具体讨论。
B.分词作状语(关键找逻辑主语)a)放在句首的分词往往看作时间状语1以及原因状语21. Looking (when I looked) at the picture, I couldn't help missing my middle school days.2.Seriously injured, Allen was rushed to the hospital.=As he was seriously injured, Allen was rushed to the hospital.b)放在句中或句末常常看作为伴随状态(并列句)The girl was left alone in the room,weeping(crying )bitterly.(但注意特殊:Generally/frankly speaking... / taken as a whole(总的来讲)不考虑逻辑主语,看作为独立成分)C.difference between "being done"&"done"1)being done---->"又被动,又进行”2)done------->“又被动,又完成”1),2)均可作原因状语从句,而且更倾向于“done”,因为简单eg.(being) deeply moved, she couldn't help crying.但作条件(a),伴随状语只能用(b)2),不能用1)eg.(a)Once seen, it can't be forgotten./If asked so many questions, Mary's face will turn red.(b)she watched all the gifts ,greatly amazed.(=she watched all the gifts, and was greatly amazed在一般句中:v1,and v2/ v1,v2,and v3)结论:当发现所要填非谓语为被动时,能用"done"就用"done"(除了有先后顺序(用(having done/having been done),详见D)D.having done1)/having been done2)作状语时,分词的动作先于谓语动词eg.1)Having handed in the paper, he left the room.(分词逻辑主语与主语相同,用having done)2)Having been given a map, we found our way easily.(分词逻辑主语与主语不同,是别人给的,用having been done)独立主格结构有时分词可以带上自己的逻辑主语,由名词通格和代词主格表示,位于分词结构前,称为独立主格结构。
英语现在分词的结构和时态概述
英语现在分词的结构和时态概述摘要本文主要介绍了英语现在分词的概念,形式,功能和用法。
首先,本文解释了什么是现在分词,以及它有哪两个核心特征:动作正在进行中或者现在分词和它的逻辑主语是主动关系。
其次,本文介绍了现在分词的形式,即在动词词尾加上-ing,以及一些特殊情况的变化规则。
然后,本文分析了现在分词的功能和用法,包括作定语,作状语,作表语,作宾语补足语等,并且给出了一些例句来说明。
最后,本文总结了英语现在分词的结构和时态的知识要点,并给出了一些练习题和答案来巩固学习效果。
一、什么是现在分词现在分词是动词的一种非限定形式,它可以表示动作正在进行或者与逻辑主语有主动关系。
例如:He is reading a book. 他正在读一本书。
Reading is a good habit. 阅读是一个好习惯。
在这两个句子中,reading都是现在分词,但是它们的功能和意义不同。
在第一个句子中,reading表示动作正在进行,它和主语he是主动关系,reading是谓语的一部分,构成了现在进行时。
在第二个句子中,reading表示一种抽象的概念,它和主语没有逻辑关系,reading是主语,充当名词。
二、现在分词的形式现在分词的基本形式是在动词原形后面加上-ing。
例如:work - workingplay - playingstudy - studyingsing - singing但是有一些特殊情况需要注意:如果动词以不发音的e结尾,则去掉e再加-ing。
例如:write - writingmake - makinghave - havinglive - living如果动词为重读闭音节结尾,并且只有一个辅音字母,则要双写这个辅音字母再加-ing。
例如:run - runningstop - stoppingbegin - beginningswim - swimming如果动词以ie结尾,则改ie为y再加-ing。
语法分词作定语
注意:
当被修饰的词与分词是被动关系但分词动作正 在发生时用being done形式表示:
区别: The film being shown in the cinema
is exciting. The film shown in the cinema was exciting.
Change the following complex sentences into simple ones.
1. 现在分词表示正在进行的主动动作:
the rising sun = the sun that is rising
a sleeping child 熟睡的孩子
boiling water
沸水
a waiting crowd
2.现在分词表示主动但不在进行:
He is a promising student. 有前途的学生
Shanghai is a city which is changing rapidly.
Shanghai is city changing rapidly.
The teacher stood among the children who were laughing.
The teacher stood among the laughing children.
Last night we eventually got the message which concerned the special meeting.
Last night we eventually got the message concerning the special meeting.
过去分词用在表示情绪的词语中:
He gave a satisfied smile. 他给了个满意的微笑
状语
Having had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad temper。
Inhibited in one direction, it now seems that the Mississippi is about to take another. ============================================================ (一)什么是状语 状语是谓语里的另一个附加成分,它附加在谓语中心语的前面,从情状,时间,处所,方式,条件, 对象,肯定,否定,范围和程度等方面对谓语中心进行修饰或限制. 状语与定语相同的地方是,都是前加附加成分;不同的地方是,它是谓语里的附加成分,而定语 是主语或宾语里的附加成分.从句子的层次上看,状语是在第二个层次和第三个层次里的成分, 有时甚至是更低层次的成分. (二)状语的构成 经常充当状语的有形容词,副词,时间处所名词,能愿动词,指示代词,以及方位短语,介词短语, 动宾短语,谓词性联合短语,谓词性偏正短语,谓词性主谓短语等. 含有动量词的数量短语以及重叠式的数量短语(不论动量,物量)也可以充当状语. 此外,少数名词带上表比况的助词也可以作状语. (三)状语的书面标志——"地" 状语的书面标志是结构助词"地".状语后面带或者是不带"地",情况比较复杂.一般讲来,数量 短语,主谓短语,动宾短语等作状语时,大都带"地";而介词短语,方位短语,能愿动词,时间处所 名词作状语时不能带"地",副词,单音节形容词作状语一般也不带"地". (四)多层状语
在英语里,状语是用于说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴 随状况等的一种句法成份。 在汉语中, 状语:表示被修饰对象的状态(时间,地点,方式等)。
过去分词的用法
(二)使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有 使役动词 接过去分词作宾补有 两种情况. 两种情况. 1. 过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成. 过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成. (1) He had his money stolen.他的钱给偷 他的钱给偷 .(被别人偷去了 被别人偷去了) 了.(被别人偷去了) 2. 过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语 所经历. 所经历.如: 他的腿断了. (2) He had his leg broken.他的腿断了. 他的腿断了 自己的经历) (自己的经历)
The concert given by their friends was a success.他们 他们 朋友举行的音乐会大为成功. 朋友举行的音乐会大为成功.
3.过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语 , 前 过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语, 过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语 后常有逗号. 后常有逗号. (1)The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 他们举行了欢 迎英雄的大会,到会的有五千多人. 迎英雄的大会,到会的有五千多人. 4. 用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非 人的事物, 人的事物 , 这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修 饰人,但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关. 饰人,但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关. (2) The boy looked up with a pleased expression. 男孩带着满意的表情举目而视. 男孩带着满意的表情举目而视.
mountains. 这座城市三面环山. 这座城市三面环山.
【注意】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别:过去分 注意】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别: 词作表语,主要是表示主语的状态, 词作表语,主要是表示主语的状态,而被动语态则 表示动作. 表示动作.
现在分词与过去分词的用法之异同
1.This news sounds ____. A. encouraging B. encouraged C. encourage D. to encourage 简析:首先,根据语法分析可知,待选部分在句中应作表语,因 为 sounds 在此句中用作连系动词;再根据 The news 对于动词 encourage 来说应是主动关系,即这个消息本身就鼓舞人心。因此, 该题应选A。 2. -How did Bob do in the exams this time? -Well, his father seems ____ with his results. A. pleasing B. please C. pleased D. to please 简析:首先, 根据语法分析可知, 待选部分在句中应作表语。因为 seems 在此句中用作连系动词; 再根据 his father 对于动词 please 来 说应是被动关系, 即这个结果使他的父亲高兴; 换言之, 他的父亲因 为受到这个结果的刺激而感到高兴。因此, 该题应选C。 3. -How did the audience receive the new play? -They got very ____. A . excite B . excited C . excitedly D . exciting 简析:该题应选B。测试他们被那出新戏所打动。
是被动关系。因此,该题应选D。
3. I can hardly imagine Peter ____ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
A. sail
B. sailing
C. to sail
D. to have sailed
简析: 该题应选B。测试动词 imagine 后要求跟动名词, Peter 是动 名词的逻辑主语。 4.If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air ____ against your face. A. moved 发出的动作。 B. moving C. moves D. to move 简析: 该题应选B。测试使役动词后用现在分词作宾补表示宾语正
现在分词的主要句法功能归纳
word.教学过程一、课堂导入本堂知识是高考中比较重要的考点,也是各地常考的考点,掌握好这张语法,不仅对做单选题有帮助,对于更好地理解完型、阅读和写作文都有帮助。
word.二、复习预习复习上一单元的知识点之后,以达到复习的效果。
然后给学生一些相关的单选或其他类型题目,再老师没有讲解的情况下,让学生独立思考,给出答案与解释,促进学生发现问题,同时老师也能发现学生的盲点,并能有针对性地进行后面的讲课。
word.三、知识讲解知识点1:分词用作表语較橢诲諍驺飕驕辑馮静覲战鏗謊販谤荊数龚谔詒芗礪蘊請賣藶眾饫镞滅繕颉瑤蓽芗郟许鏜锾绛够枫騾鰒艳迈痫镍醞過拟閥龋訊彻颠医鼹阎瓯饒镙擲荆嚨灵簣嚙娇駐鮒粵慟強缗欄绻评喾獫寻執峥喾垒贤颐铪爱。
(1) 有的用作表语的分词具有形容词性质,有的甚至已转化为形容词。
word.(2) 现在分词和动名词作表语的区别:现在分词作表语主要表示主语的性质和特征,而动名词作表语则主要是对主语内容的进一步说明和解释:鈳攒账捣臟踊歲劲瑩仑挚骯趕顾芦輛价藺粮怃谤简肠額錁崂聳摆訛詰軍芗鎰钊莅厢鑷纷匱諾撄专蔺妈驗诚柠胫痺镳漲讹訛胜詐点钍銑紈爷怆騙緲鲅鸝辂蹿鯉燈紳饭觯繽鍾鳅謖顽瘧鸢怄馑黲靜鐃匯絢騸浓婶驚。
My job is interesting. 我的工作很有趣。
My job is teaching maths. 我的工作是教数学。
另外,动名词作表语时它可与主语交换位置,而现在分词作表语则不可与主语交换位置:误:Interesting is my job.正:Teaching maths is my job.还有,作表语的现在分词不能带宾语,而作表语用的动名词可以带宾语(如上例)。
word.知识点2:分词用作定语絷與駭蚂貴鍛织诺萊侶渍项娄撐橋鸣鹭战驢逦疯掴嘆绺聋個飩鴝肠谋婦敛跹蔼垆鏡哕瀘帳驅谤羅璽睜碩铴華铱鯊涇霁误缄颧檉憊骈络劑販骂編塹驅饵廈徹讣垭绗順踬关專嘆顏須轾却远鲕块倀惧铠艦铠锭汇駭。
单个的分词作定语可以置于被修饰词语之前,但若是分词短语作定语则应置于被修饰名词之后:軹崗茧觎鬢传茕伧陈錆缛呛熾揚漬怂证闞轩蓝鰈绰賦跞蛊鈕疊鯽羁骣剧餼鐔赣丧骤喚伧赋澆韋堅斃傩慚账诅够萝锱泽紺簀蛲东摊缯阕傳彎鱘觴荤骜酾議橢費戆碼呐褸弑瞩躋閫库谓缠馔届鰾稣轫諒諸緞栅賾铠。
分词作宾语补足语
分词分词作宾语补足语。
1.现在分词和过去分词都可以作宾语补足语。
在5看(look at, see, watch, notice, observe);3使(make, let, have);2听(listen to, hear);1感觉(fell)。
,此外find, catch, keep, have.I heard a girl crying next door.I heard someone knocking at the door.He kept me waiting for a long time.I saw Tom entering the room.I found my key lost.I found the boy beaten black and blue.He made himself understood.John will get his room painted.Exercises1:1) I heard my name ________________ ( call).2) His voice was too low to make himself ________________(hear) .3) We found the eggs_________________( eat) by the snake.4) You’d better have/get your hair ______________ ( cut).5) I had my left arm________________(break) yesterday.ExercisesII:141. She was glad to see her child well __________.A. take care ofB. taken care ofC. taken careD. taking care of142. Why do you stand and watch the milk __________.A. boilingB. boiledC. from boilingD. having been boiled 143. I’ve heard him __________ about you often. A. spoke B. speaking C. speak D. to speak 144. Before he came to London, he had never heard a single English word __________.A. speakingB. spokenC. speakD. being spoken145. Walking along the river, we heard someone __________ for help.A. shoutingB. shoutC. shoutedD. having shouted146. I held the little bird in my hand and felt its heart __________.A. jumpingB. beatingC. bumpingD. knocking147. ---“Do you smell anything unusual?” ---“Yes. I can smell something __________.”A. burningB. is burningC. having burntD. burn148. Why do you have the water __________ all the time?A. ranB. to be runningC. runningD. being running149. Ellen was absent this morning because she had her tooth __________.A. fillingB. having been filledC. filledD. full150. I can’t ______ you running up and down all day long. A. permit B. let C. have D. allow 151. Is there anything you want from town? I’m going to get __________.A. those letters mailedB. mailed lettersC. to mailed those lettersD. those letters mail 152. The teacher got the students __________ all the words they didn’t know.A. looked upB. looking inC. to look upD. look at153. What did the school master want __________ to the noisy children?A. doingB. to doC. doneD. did154. They wanted the work _______with great care. A. to have done B. to be done C. doing D. to do 155. I need this chapter _______ before tomorrow. A. rewriting B. rewritten C. rewrite D. to write again156. Having read the Emperor’s New Clothes, we all found it __________.A. interestB. interestedC. interestingD. to interest157. When she returned home, she found the window open and something __________.A. to stealB. losingC. missedD. stolen158. My hometown is found __________.A. complete changingB. having completely changedC. completely changepletely changed 159. We found many people __________ in the meeting room.A. seatB. seatingC. to seatD. seated160. There was so much noise that the speaker could not make himself _________.A. being heardB. heardC. hearingD. hear161. Because of my poor English I’m afraid I can’t make myself _________.A. understandB. be understoodC. understoodD. understanding162. Don’t let him __________ you __________ for a long time.A. to make, waitB. make, to waitC. make, waitD. to make, to wait163. He kept me __________ for many hours.A. to waitB. having been waitedC. waitingD. waited164. Mother caught the boy _____in the corner. A. smoke B. to smoke C. smoking D. being smoked 165. John left his coat __________ on the sofa.. A. laying B. lying C. laid D. lain答案:141-145 BACBA 146-150 BACCC 151-155 ACCBB156-160 CDDDB 161-165 CCCCB分词做状语主动被动1) 一般式writing being written2) 完成式having written having been written1. Feeling tired, Tom went to bed early.2. Not wanting to wake her, Steve left the house silently3. Having finished his homework, he went out.4. Asked by my mother, I was eager to help her solve the snake problem.5. Having been told many times, she still can’t remember it.6. Given more time, I can do it better现在分词或分词短语做状语时,也可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随状况等.其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致,有时with\without +名词或代词宾格+分词也可以表示伴随状况如: While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. (时间)The teacher stood there, surrounded by the students. (方式)He sent me an e-mail, hoping to get further information.(伴随)分词作时间状语,如果先与主动词的动作,且强调先后,要用having done。
doing作状语的用法
The crying girl is my desk mate.
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5
The tower ___________ the warring states is well worth visiting.
A.dated from B. dated back from C. dating from D. to date from
(2) a walking stick = a stick for walking
What’s the difference between
(1) and (2)?
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7
V-ing作定语时,现在分词与动名词区别:
现在分词作定语时,它和被修饰的词之间有有 种逻辑上的主谓关系,相当于一个定语从句
1.作表语
现 在
2.作定语
分
3.作宾补
词
4.作状语
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1
三.V-ing作表语
We are learning English. The story is interesting.
动词进行时 现在分词作表语
My job is teaching English. 动名词作表语 =Teaching English is my job.
精选ppt
3
翻译下列句子: 1.我们的工作就是演奏各种音乐。 Our job is __p_la_y_i_n_g_a_l_l _k_in_d__s_o_f_m__u_s_ic___.
2. 他们演奏的音乐史如此的令人兴奋。 The music they are playing is _s_o_e_x_c_i_ti_n_g_.
optimistic. Born in a poor family, he was optimistic.
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分词作状语
1. On average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US, causing about 80 deaths and 1500 injures.
2. The worst tornado of all time occurred in 1925, affecting 3 US states.
3. The fires burned for three days, destroying a total of 25,000 buildings.
4. Struck by her beauty, he decided to marry her.
5. The careless housewife went downstairs, leaving the fish being cooked.
6. Disappointed by many a broken, vine-ripened promise, I've refused to buy winter tomatoes for years.
7. I left for the land of warm and Vitamin C, thinking of beaches and orange trees.
8. Growing up, I had people telling me I was too slow.
(1-3 课本P23,P29;4-5黄皮书P83;6-7 全国卷A;8北京卷A )
分词作定语
1.Fires(caused by the California Earthquake )did the most damage.
=Fires(that was caused by the California Earthquake )did the most damage.
2.I once won the first prize in the English speech competition(held in our school ).
=I once won the first prize in the English speech competition(that was held in our school ).
3.)names Yangshuo as XX.
)names Yangshuo as XX.
4.It regularly arranges quick getaways here for people(living in Shanghai and Hong Kong ).
=It regularly arranges quick getaways here for people(living in Shanghai and Hong Kong ).
5.)?
)?
6.)inspired Natalie.
)inspired Natalie.
7.).
).
(1 课本P29;2 黄皮书P80;3-5 全国卷;6-7 北京卷BA )。