2017 2018上海市上海中学高一上学期周练英语试题
2017-2018学年杨浦高中高一上开学模拟测试卷
2017学年杨浦高中开学模拟测试卷高一英语试卷(时间：100分钟满分：100分)II. Grammar Section A (20%)Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.( ) 21. Which of the following is right?A. Do you like animals? ↘B. Yes, I do. ↘C. When did you buy your pet cat? ↗D. Five years ago. ↗( ) 22. Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation with others?A.I can recognize him when' he came into the room.B. He likes diving very much.C. This book is extremely tiny.D. She tried the skirt on but it didn't fit.( ) 23. Jane had ________ bad cold and she should take the tablets three times a day, two at________ time.A. /, aB. a, /C. /, /D. a, a( ) 24. They arrived ________ Paris ________ December the third ________ 8:00 a.m.A. on, on, atB. in, on, atC. in, on, atD. at, in, at( ) 25Jane has worked as a doctor twenty years ago: So you can trust him.A. inB. forC. sinceD. after( ) 26. Nobody answered the teachers' question ________ Mike, who is the cleverest studentin his class.A. except thatB. exceptC. besidesD. except for( ) 27. Their child wasn't listening to them ________.A. any longerB. no longerC. any longD. no long( ) 28. After the mother was sure all her children were ________, she went to ________.A. sleep, sleepB. asleep, asleepC. sleeping, asleepD. asleep, sleep( ) 29. ________ lights are very useful in our daily life.A. ElectricalB. ElectricC. ElectronicD. Electricity( ) 30. She made a big mistake. ________, she lost her job.A. For the time beingB. What a messC. As a resultD. What's more( ) 31. The girl was ________ to see ________ many nice presents in the Christmas tree.A. surprising, soB. surprised, soC. surprised, suchD. surprise, such( ) 32. She has ________ books and even herself doesn’t know ________ her books.A. the number of, a number ofB. the number of, the number ofC. a number of, the number ofD. a number of, a number of( ) 33. His grandpa used to ______ early in the morning. So he was used to ______ up early.A. run, gettingB. running, gettingC. run, getD. running, get ( ) 34. He tried his best ________ and finally he succeeded ________ the first prize.A. to practice, to winB. to practice, winningC. practicing, to winD. practicing, winning( ) 35. ________ cats is my grandmother's hobby.A. RaiseB. RaisedC. RaisesD. Raising ( ) 36. Neither that book nor this magazine __________ to be taken out of the library.A. is allowedB. are allowedC. allowedD. allows( ) 37. We tried to make the little girl ________ happy.A. to feelB. feelC. feelingD. feels( ) 38. --Did you go to Mary's birthday party? -- No, I ________.A. am not invitedB. wasn't invitedC. haven't invitedD. didn't invite ( ) 39. She asked me ________.A. what's your nameB. whether I want to goC. where my brother has goneD. what was the matter with him ( ) 40. -- Would you mind opening the window? -- ________.A. Of course notB. It's rightC. Never mindD. You are welcome Section B (10%)Directions: Read the following two passages. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.Michelle Obama together with her two daughters and her mother (41) __________(be) visitingChina in this weeklong visit. It is her main task that aims at promoting education and person-to-person exchanges. This visit marks the first meeting between Michelle Obama and Peng Liyuan, (42) ______ husbands run the world’s first and second (43) ______ (large) economies and have sought (寻求) to build a new relationship (44) ______(base) on trust and mutual （相互的）respect. Peng will accompany Obama to the former Imperial Palace, (45) ______ (follow) by a private dinner and a performance. On Saturday, she is to speak at prestigious Peking University, (46) _______American products and culture are hugely popular and there is a respect for the U.S. first family.Michelle Obama’s decision (47) __________(visit) China, accompanied by her daughters and mother, is being considered (48) ______ a sign of respect for Chinese society and culture, as well as a way of humanizing the relationship between the two nations. By a similar measure, the glamorous Peng Liyuan, who holds (49) ______ honorary rank equivalent to major general, has broken the mold(模式；类型) of reticent（寡言少语的）, virtually invisible Chinese ladies, using her fame to promote AIDS awareness and other causes.The Obama women are to fly Monday to the northern city of Xi’an, home (50) _____ the famed Terra Cotta Warriors Museum, then visit a panda breeding facility outside.III. Vocabulary: (10%)Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The car was invented over a century ago. It has become an important symbol(象征)of ___51____. Cars are so ___52___ in the USA that the country is called “ a nation on wheels”. You may know all kinds of car's names, but many people don't know who was the inventor of the first car assembly line（生产线）. He was an American called Henry Ford.Henry Ford was born in a poor family. He was the eldest of six children. When he was a boy, he became _____53____ by watches and machines. When he was twelve years old, his mother died. Soon he had to work in a machine shop in the day and repaired watches in another shop in the evening. As a(n) ____54____, he put his heart into his heart into his work and soon he became a(n) ____55_____.At that time, there was another interest in his life. He wanted to make a machine, which could run ____56____a horse, so it was named "horseless carriage". He overcame a lot of difficulties and in April, 1893, the “horseless carriage”was ____57_____ at last.Later Henry Ford ____58____ the Ford Motor Company. The car was so profitable that his company soon became one of the most famous in the world. Once Ford gave a speech, ____59____that the hardship he ___60___in his early life helped him greatly.IV. Reading Comprehension (15%)Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.E-mail systems at thousands of companies and government offices around the world were attacked by a virus called “Melissa” that disguises itself as an “important message” from a friend.In spite of a weekend of warnings, more than 50,000 ___61___ at about 100 places around the world have been ___62___ by the virus, computer security experts said on Monday.The ___63___ began to show up last Friday and spread rapidly on Monday by making computers fire off dozens of infected e-mails. Although the virus causes no serious ___64___ to a computer, its effects were far-reaching.To make matters ___65___ , a similar virus called Papa was discovered on Monday.Papa is programmed to send out even more ___66___ e-mails than Melissa.The Melissa virus comes in the ___67___ of an e-mail, usually containing the subject line “Important Message.” It appears to be from a ___68___. The body of the e-mail message says, “Here is that document you asked for … don’t show it to anyone else.” Attached to the ___69___ is a document file. Once the user opens that ___70___, the virus digs into the user’s address book and ___71___ infected documents to the first 50 addresses.E-mails from the Papa virus___72___an attached spreadsheet file. When the ___73___opens that file, the virus sends 60 infected e-mails.The ___74___ why this is spreading so fast is that you are getting it from people you know. Besides, you should never open documents or attachments from people you don’t know. People who get an unexpected e-mail with the “important message” subject line should ___75___ it immediately and not open the message.61. A. computers B. machines C. cars D. houses62. A. made B. built C. attacked D. destroyed63. A. germ B. illness C. disease D. virus64. A. case B. damage C. situation D. hurt65. A. worse B. better C. interesting D. annoying66. A. infected B. damaged C. hurt D. serious67. A. shape B. name C. form D. face68. A. doctor B. boss C. friend D. child69. A. body B. message C. virus D. address70. A. address B. book C. message D. file71. A. reads B. sends C. writes D. makes72. A. make B. exclude C. include D. produce73. A. computer B. student C. teacher D. user74. A. fact B. case C. situation D. reason75. A. delete B. copy C. save D. keepSection B （28%）Directions:Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, and C. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)“Everything happens for the best,” my mother said each time I faced disappointment or even depression. “If you carry on, one day something good will happen. And you’ll realize that it wouldn’t have happened if not for that previous disappointment.”Mother was right, which I didn’t discover until after graduating from college in 1932. I had decided to try for a job in radio, then work my way up to sports announcer. I hitchhiked to Chicago and knocked on the door of every station—and got turned down every time. In one studio, a kind lady told me that in most cases big stations couldn’t risk hiring an inexperienced person. “Go out in the remote areas and find a small station that’ll give you a chance,” she said. I went back home to Dixon, Illinois.While there were no radio-announcing jobs in Dixon, my father said Montgomery Ward had opened a store and wanted a local athlete to manage its sports department. Since Dixon was where I had played high school football, I applied. The job sounded just right for me.But I wasn’t hired. My disappointment must have shown. “Everything happens for the best.” Mom reminded me. Dad offered me the car to hunt for jobs. I tried WOC Radio in Davenport, Iowa. The program director, a wonderful Scotsman named Peter MacArthur told me they had already hired an announcer.As I left his office, my frustration boiled over. I asked aloud, “How can a fellow get to be a sports announcer if he can’t get a job in a radio station?” I was waiting for the elevator when I heard MacArthur calling, “What was that you said about sports? Do you know anything about football?” Then he stood me before a microphone and asked me to broadcast an imaginary game. The preceding autumn, my team had won a game in the last 20 seconds with a 65-yard run. I did a 15-minute boost to that play, and Peter told me I would be broadcasting Saturday’s game!On my way home, as I have many times since, I thought of my mother’s words, “If you carry on, one day something good will happen. Something wouldn’t have happened if not for that previous disappointment.”76. We learn from the passage that ________.A. the frustration of the author prevented him from performing well at WOC RadioB. both of the author’s parents showed support when he was trying to search for a jobC. Peter MacArthur recognized the author’s talent in broadcasting after reading his resumeD. the author lost all his hope and courage when he was turned down by Montgomery Ward77. What was most likely the author’s attitude towards Peter MacArthur?A. He was worried that Peter wouldn’t believe in his ability.B. He was afraid that his loud inner claim would annoy Peter.C. He was angry that Peter didn’t offer him a satisfying position.D. He was grateful that Peter could notice his broadcasting potential.78. What lesson can you learn from the author’s experience in the passage?A. Well begun is half done.B. Prevention is better than cure.C. No cross, no crown.D. Rome was not built in a day.(B)Australian scientists are trying to give kangaroo-style stomachs to cattle and sleep in order to cut the greenhouse gases they send out, which is thought to be responsible for global warming.Thanks to special bacteria in their stomachs, kangaroo flatulence (肠胃气胀) contains no methane (甲烷) and scientists want to transfer that bacteria to cattle and sheep who produce large quantities of the harmful gas.While the usual image of greenhouse gas pollution is a billowing smokestack (烟囱) pushing out carbon dioxide, farm animals’ passing wind contribute a surprisingly high percentage of total emissions in some countries.“Fourteen percent of emissions from all sources in Australia is from enteric methane fromcattle and sheep,” said Athol Klieve, a senior research scientist with the Queensland state government.“And if you look at another country such as New Zealand, which has got a much higher agricultural base, they’re actually up around 50 percent,” he said.Researchers say the bacteria also makes the digestive process much more efficient and could potentially save millions of dollars in feed costs for farmers.But it will take researchers at least three years to isolate the bacteria, before they can even start to develop a way of transferring it to cattle and sheep.Another group of scientists, meanwhile, has suggested Australians should farm fewer cattle and sheep and just eat more kangaroos. And about 20 percent of health-conscious Australians are believed to eat the national symbol already.“It’s low in fat, it’s got high protein levels and it’s very clean in the sense that basically it’s the free-range animal,” said Peter Ampt of the University of New South Wales’s institute of environmental studies.79. Scientists intend to put bacteria into cattle and sheep_______.A. to prevent them from sending out harmful gasesB. to help Australian farmers to earn more moneyC. so that they can protect Australian ecosystemD. so that they can make full use of special bacteria80. Athol Klieve seems to believe that ___________.A. cattle and sheep produce more carbon dioxideB. less cattle and sheep are raised in New ZealandC. farm animals are to blame for greenhouse gasesD. New Zealand has the most animals in the world81. The advantages Peter Ampt lists about kangaroos don’t include _________.A. it is rich in proteinB. is low in fatC. it is cheaper than beefD. it is cleaner than sheep(C)Too much work, too little money and not enough opportunity for promotion or growth are stressing us out on the job, according to a new survey from the American Psychological Association.We all know that stress reduces all of the things that help productivity—mental clarity(清晰), short-term memory, decision-making and moods. One-third of employees experience lasting stress related to work, the survey found. Fifty-four percent of the 1,501 employed adults surveyed say they feel they are paid too little for thei r contributions, and 61% said their jobs don’t offer adequate opportunities to advance. Only half of the adults surveyed said they feel valued at work.Besides, women’s stress is rising as families rely more on women’s earnings. An employed wife’s contrib ution to family earnings has reached, on average, 47% since 2009, so women feel especially stuck and tense. Thirty-two percent of women said their employers don’t provide sufficient opportunities for internal advancement, compared with 30% of men. Women are more likely to feel tense during a typical workday, reporting more often that their employer doesn’t appreciate what they do.Physically, the body responds to stress by secreting hormones into the bloodstream that stimulate accelerated(加速的) heart rate and breathing and tensing of muscles. People who experience stress as a positive often have increased blood flow to the brain, muscles and limbs, similar to the effects of aerobic exercise. Those who feel frightened or threatened, however, oftenhave an unstable heart rate and constricting blood vessels(血管). Their blood pressure rises and hands and feet may grow cold. They may become agitated, speak more loudly or experience errors in judgment.Emotional responses to stress often divide along gender lines, with men more likely to have a “fight or flight” reaction while women are more likely to have a “tend and befriend” response, seeking comfort in relationships and care of loved ones, according to the research.Women tend to “internalize”, which contributes t o their stress. Many women hesitate to speak up for themselves or challenge behavior they see as unfair. Kay Keaney, interior designer, 40, rose fast at a California medical group, taking on responsibility for interior and facility planning. With her 60-hour workweeks, plus early-morning and late-night meetings and a 1.5-hour commute each way, she seldom had time with her two small children. Whether stuck in traffic on her way to a 6 p.m. pickup at day care, or torn between her children and urgent work emai ls, “I just wanted to crawl out of my skin,” she says. “I was overwhelmed.” Yet she hesitated to complain. “There was too much work to be done, and playing the Mommy card was bad form.”But the experts suggest that women should give themselves a voice.82. The underlined word “agitated” in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _______.A. fearfulB. optimisticC. anxiousD. ambitious83. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Everyone has a painful sense of being under-appreciated or under-paid.B. An increasing number of people feel satisfied with work-life balance.C. An improving job market is making some people’s work lives easier.D. Most women have higher levels of work stress than the opposite sex.84. We can learn from the example of Kay Keaney that _____.A. relieving oneself from stress involves being frank as well as braveB. experiencing symptoms of lasting stress causes communication barriersC. seeking comfort from friends or relatives has little to do with office stressD. being challenged or devalued by others leads to numerous health problems85. What is most probably to be discussed in the following paragraphs?A. Other aspects in life affected by stress in work.B. Tips to help women handle their hard times properly.C. Examples to show the different gender responses to stress.D. Reasons why people are likely to feel tense when working.DUniversity educators largely think highly of the wonders of teaching through technology, but skeptics question whether something is lost when professors and lectures rely too heavily on electronic media or when interaction with students takes place remotely — in cyberspace rather than the real space of the classroom. Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht, the Professor of Literature at Stanford University, is one such skeptic. “I think this enthusiastic and sometimes childish and blind pushing toward the more technology the better, the more websites the better teacher, and so forth, is very dangerous — is, indeed, suicidal,” he indicates.However, Gumbrecht warns that there are few, if any, studies either supporting or rejecting thehypothesis that traditional ways of teaching are superior to teaching via the Internet. He says that he could point only to his “intuition that real classroom presence should be maintained,” and emphasizes the need for educators to examine critically where technology serves a useful pedagogical (教学法的) function and where it does not.Yet, Gumbrecht allows that, for courses in which knowledge transmission is the sole purpose, electronic media probably can do the job well enough. Indeed, given the 20th century’s knowledge explosion and the increasing costs of higher education, using technology as opposed to real-life teachers for the transmission of information is probably inevitable, he admits. In any case, knowledge transmission should not be the core function of the university, he maintains, noting that universities should be places where people confront open questions, places for “intellectual complexity” and “riskful thinking”.“We are not about finding or transmitting solutions; we are not about recipes; we are not about making intellectual life easy. Confrontation with complexity is what expands your mind. It is something like intellectual gymnastics. And this is what makes you a suitable member of the society.”Moreover, discussions in the physical presence of others can lead to the intellectual innovation. “There’s a qualitative change, and you don’t know how it happens. Discussions in the physical presence have the capacity of being the catalyst (催化剂) for such intellectual breakthroughs. The possibility of in-classroom teaching — of letting something happen which cannot happen if you teach by the transmission of information — is a strength.”86. Which of the following is the best title to this passage?A. Cyberspace InteractionB. The Core Function of the UniversityC. Information Transmission Cannot Help You SurviveD. Electronic Teaching Arouses Uncertainty87. Which of the following might Professor Gumbercht support?A. Professors should be keen on teaching technique innovation.B. Technologies applied to classrooms strength creative thinking.C. Traditional pedagogical function has its place in classroom.D. The core function of the university is to focus on knowledge transmitting.88. Cyberspace teaching could replace real-life teachers EXCEPT when ________.A. transmitting knowledge is the only purpose of the courseB. there’s too much knowledge to put across to the studentsC. the cost of college education increases greatlyD. open questions without possible answers are encouraged89. According to the passage, discussion in the physical presence of others can ________.A. lead to greatly improved intellectual abilitiesB. lead to easier and stronger transmission of informationC. produce certain energy for intellectual breakthroughsD. produce qualitative change in teacher-students relationshipsTranslation 17% (前三句各3分，后两句各4分)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.90. 不要让吸烟剥夺你的健康。
上海市上海中学2018届高三上学期周练英语试题(三)
2017上海中学高三英语周练GrammarThere are many superstitions in Britain, but one of (21)______(widely) held is that it is unlucky to walk under a ladder, even if it means (22)______(step) off the pavement into a busy street. If you (23)______ pass under a ladder you can avoid bad luck by crossing your fingers and keeping them crossed (24)______ you have seen a dog. Alternatively, you may lick your finger and make a cross on the toe of your shoe, and then wait for it to dry.Another common superstition is that it is unlucky to open an umbrella in the house -- it will (25)______ bring misfortune to the person who opened it or to the whole household. Moreover, (26)______ opening an umbrella in fine weather is unpopular as it inevitably brings rain!The number 13 is said to be unlucky for some, and when the 13th day of the month falls (27)______ a Friday, whoever wishes to avoid a bad event had better stay indoors. The worst misfortune that can happen to a person is caused by breaking a mirror, as it brings seven years of bad luck! The superstition is supposed to (28)______(originate) in ancient times, when mirrors were considered to be tools of the gods.Black cats are generally considered lucky in Britain, (29)______ ______ they are often associated witchcraft (巫术). It is especially lucky if a black cat crosses your path -- although in America the exact opposite belief prevails.Finally, a commonly held superstition is (30)______ of touching wood for luck. This measure is most often taken if you think you have said something that is tempting fate, such as “my car has never broken down, touch wood?”VocabularyA. industryB. inevitablyC. stronglyD. fueledE. humbleAsk most people how they define the American Dream and chances are that they’ll say, “Success.” The dream of individual opportunity has been present in America since Europeans discovered a “new world” in the Western Hemisphere. Early immigrants like Hector St. Jean de Crevecoeur praised highly the freedom and opportunity to be found in this new land. His glowing descriptions of a ___31___ society where anyone could attain success through honesty and hard work fired the imaginations of many European readers; in Letters from an American Farmer (1782) he wrote, “We are all excited at the spirit of an industry which is unfettered (无拘无束) and unrestrained, because each person works for himself … We have no princes, for whom we labor, starve, and bleed: we are the most perfect society now existing in the world.” The promise of a land where “the rewards of a man’s ___32___ follow with equal steps the progress of his labor”drew poor immigrants from Europe and ___33___ national expansion into the western territories.Our national historical story is full of ___34___ of the American success story. There’s Benjamin Franklin, the very model of the self-educated, self-made man, who rose from ___35___ origins to become a well-known scientist, philosopher, and statesman. In the nineteenth century, Horatio Alger, a writer of fiction for young boys, became American’s best-selling author with his rags-to-riches tales. The ___36___ for success haunts (萦绕于) us: we spend millions every year reading about th e rich and famous, learning how to “make a fortune in real estate with no money down,” and “dressing for success.” The myth of success has even ___37___ our personal relationships: today it’s as important to be “successful” in marriage or parenthoods as it is to come out on top in business.But dreams can easily turn into nightmares. Every American who hopes to “make it” also knows the fear of failure, because the myth of success ___38___ implies comparison between the haves and the have-nots, the stars and the anonymous crowd.Under pressure of the myth, we become indulged in ___39___ symbols: we try to live in the “right” neighborhoods, wear the “right” clothes, and eat the “right” foods. These symbols of distinction assure us and others that we believe ___40___ in the fundamental equality of all, yet strive as hard as we can to separate ourselves from our fellow citizens.Cloze I(A)The notion of building brand personality is promoted by Starbucks as a part of company culture to embed meaning in their products and thus attract more customers.Starbucks literally changed the definition of“a good cup of coffee”. For Starbucks, the brand had three elements: coffee, ___41___ and stores. Strict control over the quality and processing of the beans ___42___ that the coffee would be of the highest possible quality. Outstanding store personnel were recruited and trained in coffee knowledge and ___43___ service. Store design, atmosphere and aroma all ___44___ the“Starbucks Experience.”Almost all Starbucks stores were corporately owned and controlled. Starbucks prided itself on the“Starbucks Experience”, ___45___ coffee to provide a unique experience for its customers.___46___ those traditional coffee houses providing you with the grab-and-go service, Starbucks provide you with more than coffee. You get great people, first-rate music, a comfortable and upbeat meeting place, and ___47___ advice on brewing excellent coffee at home. At home you’re part of a family. At work you’re part of a company. And somewhere in between is a place where you can sit back and be yourself. That’s what a Starbucks store has been ___48___ to creating for its customers -- a kind of “third place” where they can ___49___, reflect, read, chat or listen.The green Starbucks logo is a mermaid that looks like the end of the double image of the sea. It was designed by Terry Heckler, who got the ___50___ from the wooden statue of the sea. Mermaid logo also ___51___ original and modern meanings: her face is very simple, but with modern abstract forms of packaging, the middle is black andwhite only color on the outside surrounded by a circle.Starbucks makes the typical American culture gradually broken down into elements of ___52___: the visual warmth, hearing the way, smell the aroma of coffee and so on. Just think, through the huge glass windows,watching the crowded streets, ___53___ sipping a coffee flavor, which is in line with the “Yapi”, the feeling of experience in the ___54___ life.But the ___55___ of Starbucks is not about the coffee, althou gh it’s great coffee. Coffee is only a carrier. Coffee consumption, to a great extent, is an emotional and cultural level of consumption.41. A. customers B. managers C. people D. clients42. A. insured B. promised C. predicted D. ensured43. A. employment B. customer C. environment D. emergency44. A. consisted of B. contributed to C. benefited from D. headed for45. A. coming across B. making up C. going beyond D. depending on46. A. With regard to B. In addition to C. Compared with D. In terms of47. A. general B. group C. legal D. sound48. A. committed B. alerted C. subjected D. required49. A. negotiate B. escape C. conceal D. perform50. A. imagination B. inspiration C. patent D. philosophy51. A. conveys B. creates C. credits D. cultivates52. A. brand B. logo C. possession D. experience53. A. greedily B. gently C. persistently D. indifferently54. A. easy B. busy C. miserable D. energetic55. A. product B. essence C. importance D. visionCloze II(B)Whether it’s from an awful breakup or a painful life event, some memories canreturn repeatedly to the mind of us for our entire lives. But, what if science can ___56___ your bad memories so that you can start all over again? As is known to all, Memory is an incredibly complex ____57___. While scientists used to believe it was like a filing cabinet and particular memories were stored in different sections of the brain, we now know this is ___58___.In fact, each memory is a brain wide process. If you end up remembering something, it's because the cells in your brain are being fired, ___59___ new connections and links and literally rebuild the circuitry of your mind. And this change is partially ___60___ by proteins in the brain. So what if the proteins aren't available?Simply put, memories can't be made. Seriously, scientists have tested this by giving animals drugs that prevent these proteins from forming. ___61___, the animals have no recollection of the things that took place shortly after the drug was taken. From this research, scientists actually found a way to target long-term memories for ___62___. You see, every single time you remember a memory, your brain is once again firing and rewiring.In fact, each time you reflect on a memory, you are physically changing that memory in your mind. And each time that memory is changed a little, reflecting your ___63___ thoughts. Remembering, to a great extent, is an act of ___64___ and imagination, which means that the more you reflect on old memories, the less accurate they will become. And scientists have actually quantified this change.After 9/11, hundreds of people were asked about their memories of the dreadful day. A year later, 37% of the details had changed. By 2004, nearly 50% of the details had changed or gone ___65___. And because memories are formed and rebuilt every time, if you administer (服药) the protein-preventing drug while recalling a memory, the memory can be ___66___ removed.To test this, scientists took lab rats and played sound for them, shortly followed by an electric shock. After doing this for many times, the rats quickly learned that if they heard the sound, a shock was soon to follow. ___67___, they would stress up and freeze every time they heard it. Months later, these rats would still ___68___ the noise. However, if they administered the drug first, the rats would lose the memoryof the sound, and simply continue on. They had lost their memory of that specific noise.To be sure that the drug wasn’t just causing large-scale brain damage, scientists repeated these experiments with various tones this time. Both sounds would ware for a shock and ___69___ the mice would fear both. But if they administered the drug and played only one of the sounds, the mice would only forget that one tone, while still remaining ___70___ of the other. Over time scientists have discovered specific drugs to target particular proteins across different parts of the brain.56. A. refresh B. forget C. control D. erase57. A. range B. process C. idea D. structure58. A. incorrect B. evident C. partial D. complex59. A. eliminating B. decreasing C. bringing D. building60. A. inspired B. stopped C. identified D. perfected61. A. By contrast B. On the contrary C. As a result D. For example62. A. evaluation B. estimation C. deletion D. production63. A. terrified B. precious C. current D. previous64. A. terrified B. creation C. repetition D. reproduction65. A. uncontrolled B. complicated C. valuable D. missing66. A. repeatedly B. effectively C. hardly D. consistently67. A. Therefore B. However C. Besides D. Instead68. A. turn to B. respond to C. watch out D. turn down69. A. surprisingly B. especially C. eventually D. similarly70. A. suspicious B. careful C. painful D. fearfulReading comprehension(A)Fifteen years ago, I took a summer vacation in LeLecce in southern Italy. After climbing up a hill for a panoramic (全景的) view of the blue sea, white buildings and green olive trees, I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama.Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view. Like me, this woman was here to stop, sigh and appreciate the view.Patient as I was, after about 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take, I grew frustrated. Was it too much to ask her to move so I could take just one picture of the landscape? Sure, I could have asked her, but something prevented me from doing so. She seemed so content in her observation.I didn’t want to mess with that.Another 15 minutes passed and I grew bored. The woman was still there. I decided to take the photo anyway. And now when I look at it, I think her presence in the photo is what makes the image interesting. The landscape, beautiful on its own, somehow comes to life and breathes because this woman is engaging with it.This photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined” it, now hangs on a wall in my bedroom. What would she think if she knew that her figure is captured (捕捉) and frozen on some stranger’s bedroom wall? A bedroom, after all, is a very private space, in which some woman I don’t even know has been immortalized (使 ... 永存). In some ways, she lives in my house.Perhaps we all live in each others’ spaces. Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.This photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined” it, now hangs on a wall in my bedroom. What would she think if she knew that her figure is captured and frozen on some stranger’s bedroom wall? A bedroom, after all, is a very private space, in which some woman I don’t even know has been immortalized. In some ways, she lives in my house.Perhaps we all live in each others’ spaces. Perhaps this is what photos are for:to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.That photo is a reminder, a captured moment, an unspoken conversation between two women, separated only by a thin square of glass.1. According to the author, the woman was probably ________.A. enjoying herselfB. losing her patienceC. waiting for the sunsetD. thinking about her past2. In the author’s opinion, what makes the photo so alive?A. The rich color of the landscape.B. The perfect positioning of the camera.C. The woman’s existence in the photo.D. The soft sunlight that summer day.3. The photo on the bedroom wall enables the author to better understand ________.A. the need to be close to natureB. the importance of private spaceC. the joy of the vacation in ItalyD. the shared passion for beauty4. The passage can be seen as the author’s reflections upon _________.A. a particular life experienceB. the pleasure of travelingC. the art of photographyD. a romantic encounter with a stranger(B)A Guide to the UniversityFoodThe TWU Cafeteria is open 7am to 8pm. It serves snacks, drinks, ice cream bars and meals. You can pay with cash or your ID cards. You can add meal money to your ID cards at the Front Desk. Even if you do not buy your food in the cafeteria, you can use the tables to eat your lunch, to have meetings and to study.If you are on campus in the evening or late at night, you can buy snacks, fast food,and drinks in the Lower Café located in the bottom level o f the Gouglas Centre. This area is often used for entertainment such as concerts, games or TV watching.RelaxationThe Globe, located in the bottom level of McMillan Hall, is available for relaxing, studying, cooking, and eating. Monthly activities are held here for all international students. Hours are 10 am to 10 pm, closed on Sundays.HealthLocated on the top floor of Douglas Hall, the Wellness Centre is committed to physical, emotional and social health. A doctor and nurse are available if you have health questions or need immediate medical help or personal advice. The cost of this is included in your medical insurance. Hours are Monday to Friday, 9am to noon and 1:00 to 4:30 pm.Academic SupportAll students have access to the Writing Centre on the upper floor of Douglas Hall. Here, qualified volunteers will work with you on written work, grammar, vocabulary, and other academic skills. You can sign up for an appointment on the sign-up sheet outside the door two 30-minute appointments per week maximum. This service is free.TransportationThe TWU Express is a shuttle service. The shuttle transports students between campus and the shopping centre, leaving from the Mattson Centre. Operation hours are between 8am and 3pm. Saturdays only. Round trip fare is $1.5. What can you do in the TWU Cafeteria?A. Do homework and watch TV.B. Buy drinks and enjoy concerts.C. Have meals and meet with friends.D. Add money to your ID and play chess.6. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. You can treat your friends to home-cooked meals in this Globe on weekends.B. The Wellness Centre offers medical services free of charge.C. You can go to the Writing Centre directly to get turoring for your languagestudies.D. If you feel depressed, you may seek medical help on campus.7. What’s the function of the TWU Express?A. To carry students to the lecture halls.B. To provide students with campus tours.C. To take students to the Mattson Center.D. To transport students to and from the stores.(C)Is it any wonder that America is also a country of dangerously overweight people?According to a recent study by the National Center for Health Statistics, the number of adults characterized as overweight in the United States has jumped to an astonishing one-third of the population. Overweight in this case means being about 20 percent or more above a person’s desirable weight. Since the figures for "desirable weight" have moved upward over the last decade or so, total poundage-even at 20 percent over-may be considerable.So are the attendant health risks.Excess weight has been linked to cardiovascular disease, hypertension, adult-onset diabetes and some forms of cancer, among other diseases.Once, when work and school and the grocery store were a two-mile hike away, Americans could afford the calories they consume. But not now, not when millions spend four or five hours a day in front of a TV set-along with a bag of chips, a bowl of buttered popcorn and a six-pack--and there’s a ear or two in every driveway."There is no commitment to obesity (肥胖) as a public health problem," said Dr. William Dietz, director of clinical nutrition at the New England Medical Center in Boston. "We’ve ignored it, and blamed it on overeating and laziness."If one definition of a public health problem is its cost to the nation, then obesity qualifies. According to a study done by Dr. Graham A. Colditz, who teaches at HarvardMedical School, it cost America an estimated $68.8 billion in 1990. But what’s wrong blaming it on overeating and laziness? Ture, some unfortunate overweight people have an underlying physical or genetic problem. But for most Americans, the problem is with two of the seven deadly sins.Losing weight is a desperately difficult business. Preventing gain, however, is not. Consumer information is everywhere, and there can be few adults who truly believe that hot dogs, fries, a soda and a couple of Twinkies make a good lunch. But they eat them anyway.As more and more Americans became educated to the risks of smoking, more and more Americans gave up the habit. Now it appears that Americans need an intensive education in the risks of stuffing themselves and failing to exercise as well.Given the seductiveness of chocolate and cheese, the couch and the car, that habit will be hard to break. But if an ounce of prevention can eliminate a pound of fat, it is well worth the struggle.8. The author sets up the standard of overweight people based on the fact that ________.A. the number of overweight people has astonishingly increased.B. people have a different idea about their desirable weight now.C. being overweight becomes a threat to people’s health.D. the overweight problem has long been studied.9. By saying“So are the attendant health risks,”the author means ________.A. America suffers health risks as well as the overweight problem.B. health risks resulting from being overweight are serious too.C. being overweight is classified as one of the health problems.D. people have also paid much attention to the possible health risks.10. What does William Dietz think of obesity?A. It should be treated as a public health problem.B. It should be attributed to laziness and overeating.C. It has much to do with nutritional problems.D. It has nothing to do with the overuse of cars.11. According to the author, which of the following is NOT TRUE?A. The overweight problem has cost the nation much.B. Eating too much and exercising too little are the major causes of obesity.C. It’s a rather challenging task for A mericans to lose weight.D. Many Americans are totally ignorant of the harm of junk food.12. In order to solve the overweight problem, the author suggests that everyone needsto ________.A. be taught to prevent gaining weightB. be educated to lose weight effectivelyC. seek help from consumer informationD. know what makes a healthy dinner.(D)In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington, 52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw -- having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.That’s a far different image from the George that most people remember from their history books, a boy who was ashamed of chopping down his father’s favorite cherry tree. But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation. They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings. And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up. Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises (妥协) made by the nation’s early leaders and the fragile nature of the country’s infan cy. More significantly, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong -- and yet most did little to fight it.More than anything, the historians say, the founders were hampered(束缚) by the culture of their time. While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.For one thing, the South could not afford to part with its slaves. Owning slaves was "like having a large bank account," says Wiencek, author of An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America. The southern states would not have signed the Constitution(宪法) without protections for the "peculiar institution," including a term that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.And the statesmen’s political lives depended on slavery. The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College. Once in office, Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803; the new land was carved into 13 states, including three slave states.Still, Jefferson freed Hemings’s children -- though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves. Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will. Only a decade earlier, such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.13. In Paragraph 1, George Washington’s dental surgery is mentioned to ________.A. In Paragraph 1, George Washington’s dental surgery is mentioned to ____.B. demonstrate the great cruelty of slavery in his days.C. stress the important role of slaves in the entire U.S. historyD. reveal an unknown aspect of his life and introduce the topic.14. We may infer from the second paragraph that ________.A. DNA technology has been widely applied to history research.B. In its early days the U.S. was confronted with delicate situations.C. historians deliberately made up some stories of Jefferson’s life.D. Political compromises are easily found throughout the U.S. history.15. What do we learn about Thomas Jefferson?A. His political view changed his attitude towards slavery.B. His status as a father made him free the child slaves.C. His attitude towards slavery was complex.D. His affair with a slave ruined his reputation.16. Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?A. Some founding fathers benefited politically from slavery.B. Slaves in the old days did not have the right to vote.C. Slave owners usually had large savings accounts.D. Washington decided to free slaves due to moral considerations.(E)Hollywood’s theory that machines with evil minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence (AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics (控制论), put it this way: “If we use, to achieve our p urposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere, we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.”A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowingthem to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams -- yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced (中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.17. Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may ________.A. run out of human controlB. satisfy human’s real desiresC. command armies of killer robotsD. work faster than a mathematician18. Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly becausethey might be able to ______.A. prevent themselves from being destroyedB. achieve their original goals independentlyC. do anything successfully with given ordersD. beat humans in international chess matches19. According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to ________.A. help super intelligent machines work betterB. be secure against evil human beingsC. keep machines from being harmedD. avoid robots’ affecting the world20. What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?。
2017-2018上海市上海中学高三上学期周练英语试题(一)
2017-2018上海市上海中学高三上学期周练英语试题(一)上海中学高三周考II.Grammar and vocabularySection A 10%Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.There seems never 21 (be) a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown. They probably came about just to give children something to do.In the ancient world, as is today, most boys 22 (play) with some kinds of toys and most girls with others. In societies 23 social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls 24 (prepare), even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world.25 is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how theychanged over the centuries but how much they have remained the same. The changes have been mostly 26 craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology.It is the universality (普遍性) of toys with regard to their development in all parts of theworld and their persistence to the present 27 is amazing. In Egypt, America,China, Japan and among the Arctic (北极的) people, generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Variations depended on local customs and ways of life 28toys imitate their surroundings. Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles.Because toys 29 be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the cart to the automobile is a direct line of ways up. The progress from a rattle (拨浪鼓) used by a baby in 3,000 BC to 30 used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness (独创性). Each rattle isthe product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can beused only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.forwhich we are willing if necessary to pay a price. Common addictions involve alcohol cigarettes food drugs gambling etc. This article discusses the concepts which can be31 in coping with addictive behavior.32 minor addictions such as watching too much television or lying in bed on weekend mornings are often not even considered addictions because the price paid for engaging in them is not high. On the other hand we tend to use the term “addict”to describe the person who at least in the eyes of others continues to be addicted in a behavior long after it has become 33 that the substantial price being paid was not worth the benefit.The individual who has lost career house family and friends because of cocaine (可卡因) usebut is 34 to consider stopping is an unfortunate example.Negative addictions range from those with very minor negative consequences to those as serious as the cocaine addict just mentioned with much 35 in between. Although it is not 36 true that a negative addiction grows stronger over time yet a constant level of addictive behavior (e.g. overspending $ 200 a week ) can lead to an increasing level of negative consequences.You may be 37 to learn that addictions can also be considered positive. Positive addictions are those in which the benefits outweigh the price. A common example would be the habit of regular exercise. The price of membership in a gym the time involved and any clothing expense is outweighed by the benefits of better health energy self-confidence and appearance. As with negative addictions positive addictions may not get stronger over time and there is a broad 38 of how much benefit is actually obtained.What is common to both positive and negative addictions is the urge to engage in the addictive behavior and the satisfaction that is 39 when the urge is acted upon. The urge is a state of 40 and expectation that is experienced uncomfortably as a desire for the substance or activity. Because weexperience relief when the urge is acted upon there is an increased likelihood that we will act on the urge again.III.Reading comprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The importance of liking people is the subject of an article in the Harvard Business.Review，which has carried out an experiment to find out who we'd rather work with. Hardly surprisingly, the people we want most as our workmates are both: 41 at their job anddelightful human beings. And the people we want least are both unpleasant and useless. More interestingly, the autors found that, given the choice between working with lovable folls and comptent jerks (性情古怪的人), we irresistibly choose the 42 . Anyway, who likes those who 43 or hurt other people? We might insist that competence matters more, butour 44 shows we stay close to the people we like, sharing information with them.What companies should 45 do is get people to like each other more. The trickhere is apparently to make sure that stuffs come across each other as often as possible during day. They also should be sent on bonding courses and so on to encourage friendliness and46 displeasure.47 , more outdoor-activity weekends and shared coffee machines inspire no confidence at all. The 48 is that people either like each other or they don’t. You can’t force it. Possibly you can make offices fridendlier by tolerating a lot of chat, but there is a49 cost to that. In my experience, the question of lovable fool against competent jerk may not be the right one. The two are interrelated: we tend not to like our workmates when they are completely 50 . I was once quite friendly with a woman whom I later worked with. I found her to be so 51 bad at her job that I lost respect for her and ended up not really liking her at all. Then is there anything that companies should be doing about it?By far the most effective strategy would be to hire people who are all pretty much the same, given that 52 is one of the main determinants of whether we like each other. Ithink this is a pretty good ides, but no one 53 recommend this anymore withoutoffending the diversity lobby group (游说团体). There is only one acceptable view on this subject: teams of similar people are bad because they stop creativity. This may be true, though I have never seen any conclusive proof of it.Not only do we like similar people, we like people who like us. So if companies wantto54 more liking, they should encourage a culture where we are all nice to eachother. The55 is that this needs to be done with some skill.41. A. strange B. brilliant C. surprised D. absent-minded42.A. former B. latter C. majority D. minority43.A. hate B. fear C. doubt D. annoy44.A. thought B. behavior C. expression D. appearance45.A. further B. nevertheless C. therefore D. instead46.A. break down B. talk to C. pick out D. hold out47.A. besides B. Furthermore C. However D. Hence48.A. impression B. reality C. practice D. custom49.A. investment B. production C. operation D.productivity50.A. valueless B. disabled C. hopeless D. careless51.A. outstandingly B. inevitably C. hopefully D. forgetfully52.A. appearance B. effectiveness C. distinction D. similarity53.A. need B. dare C. must D. should54.A. create B. discover C. promote D. place55.A. strategy B. standard C. hope D. troubleSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B,C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passageyou have just read.AAs a father of four, I’m concerned about how to lead my children to be good young men and women in such a turbulent time. I have studied philosophy, mysticism, and religion my entire life. They provide great lessons in responsibility and growth. However,I also recognize that, at least at this point in their lives, my children are not terriblyinterested in such subjects. While I was reflecting on this, I was reminded of a line in a song I had heard recently. It goes: “If you had only one chance to say something, what would it be?”That night, I found my tow oldest kids lounging on the couch watching a TV show that featured violence, cursing and even some “adult scenes”. I quietly sat on a chair next to them. I saw my boy straighten up, and my girl pretended to ignore me. I didn’t make any usual comments about the pointlessness of such programs. I didn’t even roll my eyes, although this took some effort. I simply asked:Can you tell me how this will make you a batter person?Without a word, I got up and left the room. About ten minutes later, to my surprise, the children were in their rooms doing their homework and the television was silent.Remarkable. This philosophy can change the way we live our lives. For example, whenever I feel angry and get the urge to lash out, I ask myself: “How does this acting or feeling the way I do right now make me a better person?” I began to realize that rarelydid my thoughts or actions result in self-improvement, so I made conscious effort to change my mindset and behavior.We all want to be better fathers, mothers, sons and daughters. Better workers, better leaders, better lovers...... this list goes on. Sometimes succeeding in these roles can be tough. But one question aligns us with all those duties we possess to society and ourselves: “Is this making me a better person?”Whatever I said, it worked. My daughter has begun watching nature programs instead of violent TV shows, and she decided to go to school to become a counselor. My son told me he wants to be a police officer. I’ve since thrown away all those parenting magazines and books I’ve collected over the years because I made more progress with a single question than I did with hundreds of pages of “experts” advice.56.When the writer found his kids watching inappropriate TV programs thatnight, he appeared .A .calm B. indifferent C. critical D.anxious57.How can this philosophy change the way we liveour lives?A.By calming ourselves down when we are angryB.By raising a question about our current action and feelingC.By helping us realize our need for self-improvementD.By providing us with new mindset and behavior58.Why did the writer throw away his parenting magazines and books?A.Because his kids had grown out of themB.Because they didn’t offer him any help.C.Because that single question was more usefulD.Because the expert advice was too much tofollow 59.The wrote this passage toA.convince teenagers of the downsides to watching TVB.introduce a life philosophy by telling a parenting storyrm the readers of how he helped hid kids set good goalsD.call on other other parents to trust themselves instead of experts.BWhen the people you know run more, you run more. And now there's data toprove it.A new study published today in Nature Communications of the daily-recorded exercise patterns of more than one million runners over five years shows that exercise is socially contagious. Your knowledge of what your friends are doing can and will motivate you to do more. The work marks a watershed moment in the use of detailed fitness tracking data to understand health behavior and causal behavior change."Knowing the running behaviors of your friends as shared on social networks can cause you to run farther, faster, and longer," said MIT Sloan Professor Sinan Aral, an author of "Exercise contagion in a global social network."Aral and colleague Christos Nicolaides, a postdoctoral fellow at MIT Sloan, used a data set that recorded the geographic location, social network ties, and daily running patterns of more than one million people who ran 359 million combined kilometers (223 million miles) and logged those runs digitally in a global social network of runners over five years. The data contain the daily distance, duration, pace, and calories burned by the runners, recorded by digital fitness tracking devices. The results, said Aral, revealed "strong contagion effects.""On the same day, on average, an additional kilometer run by friends can inspire someone to run an additional three-tenths of a kilometer and an additional ten minutes run by friends can inspire someone to run three minutes longer," the authors wrote.Historically, in the context of exercise, a debate exists about whether we make upward comparisons to those performing better than ourselves or downward comparisons to those performing worse than ourselves. Comparisons to those ahead of us may motivate our own self-improvement, while comparisons to those behind us may create "competitive behavior to protect one's superiority." According to Aral, there is evidence for both trajectories in the study, but comparisons to those better than us are more powerful.Gender matters too. The contagion is most pronounced among men, with men influencing other men to run farther and faster. In this regard, men may be more competitive and, specifically, more competitive with each other. Influence among same sex pairs is strong while influence among mixed sex pairs is weaker. Both men andwomen influence men.However, only women influence women who have reported, in earlier studies, being more influenced by self-regulation and individual planning than by their peers.60.The word “contagious” in paragraph 2 most probably meansA.infectiousB. communicativeC. motivatedD. available61.Jack and Tom both are friends and like running. They post their runs every day onsocial media. According to the research, if one day Jack ran for an hour and a half and Tom an hour, them how long would Tom most probably run the next day?A.30 minutesB.63minutesC.69minutesD.90minutes62.Which runner tends to get the most powerful influence?A. A man making upward comparisons to his female friends.B. A man making upward comparisons to his male friends.C. A competitive women making comparisons to her peersD. A self-regulated woman who prefer individual planningCThe study of psychology is facing a crisis. The Research Excellence Framework (the Ref) has led to a research culture which is holding back attempts to stabilize psychology in particular, and science in general. The Ref encourages universities to push forgroundbreaking innovative, and exciting research in the form of 4* papers, but it does not reward the efforts of those who replicate studies.The point of replicating a study is to test whether a statistically significant result will appear again if the experiments is repeated. Of course, a similar result may not appear –casting into questions the validity of the results from the first experiment.Last year, the Open Science Collaboration attempted to replicate 100 studies from highly ranked psychological journalists. While 97% of the original studies had a statistically significant result, just 36% of the replications had the same outcome.Equally worrying: when an effect did appear, it was often much smaller than previously thought.Recent data calls into question some widely influential findings in psychological science. These problems are not confined to psychology however –many findings published in scientific literature may actually be false.Science is supposed to be self-correcting and reproducibility is a cornerstone of the scientific method. Yet, we simply aren’t invested in replicating findings. We all want to be good researchers and understand more about how the world works. So why are we so reluctant to check our conclusions are valid?Because no incentive is provided by the system we carry out our research in. In the UK,the Ref ranks the published works of researchers according to their originality(how innovative is the research?), significance (does it have practical or commercial importance?),and rigour (is the research technically right?). Outputs are then awarded one to four stars. 4* papers are considered world-leading. The cumulative total of 3* and 4* papers determines research funding allocation and has a knock-on effect on institutional position in league tables(排名表) and therefore attractiveness to students. Obviously, the more publications the better.Worrying, many academics admit to engaging in at least one questionable research practice in order to achieve publication. Examples of this include: coming up with a theory after data is collected, stopping collecting data when an effect appears in case it disappears later, or only reporting the significant effects from collected data. Others simply fabricate data– Dutch psychologist Diederik Stapel shockingly falsified data from more than 50 studies.The Ref completely harms our efforts to produce a reliable body of knowledge.Why? The focus on originality – publications exploring new areas of research using new paradigms,and avoiding testing well-established theories – is the exact opposite of what science needs to be doing to solve the troubling replication crisis. According to Ref standards, replicating an already published piece of work is simply uninteresting.With the next Ref submission just four years away, many researchers are effectively faced with a choice: be a good scientist, or be a successful academic who gets funding and a promotion.63.What crisis the study of psychology facing?A.The Ref has led to a revolution in not only psychology but also science.B.The universities are encouraged to generate more groundbreaking research.C.The Ref tends to set up a different standard for replications of studies.D.The Ref’s indifference to replications of studies has led to worrying effects.64.The Ref’s focus on originality has brought about .A.a reliable body ofknowledgeB.publications exploring new areasC.tests of well-established theoriesD.uninteresting replications of studies65.We can infer from the passage that the Ref .A.is a system for assessing the quality of research in UK universitiesB.provides UK researchers with funding and job opportunitiesC.recognizes researchers’ work and adds to their attractiveness to studentsD.is planning to change its standard before the next Ref submission66.What does the writer mean by saying “be a good scientist”?A.Contribute to the solution to the replication crisis.B.Reform the standards that have been set up by the Ref.C.Give up possible funding and promotion given by universities.D.Avoid using false research practices to test old theories.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.The parents’ refusal to admit these changes when the child knows them to be truemakes impossible.B.Most children have such a high ideal of their parents, unless the parents themselves havebeen unsatisfactory, that it can hardly hope to stand up to a realistic evaluation.C.They may even make some unpleasant remark’s about the friends’ parents, and think ofthem as disloyalty.D.Today we tend to go to the other extreme, but on the whole this is a healthier attitudeboth for the child and the parent.E.What the child cannot forgive is the parent’s refusal to admit these charges if the childknows them to be true.67F.They may even accuse them of disloyalty, or make some unpleasant remarks about thefriends’ parents.Parents are often upset when their children praise the homes of their friends and regard it as a slur (诋毁) on their own cooking, or cleaning, or furniture, and often are foolish enoughto let the teenagers see that they are annoyed. 67 Such a loss of dignity and a kind of childish behavior on the part of the adults deeply shocks the teenager, and makes them decide that in future they will not talk to their parents about the place or people they visit. Before very long the parents will be complaining that the child is so secretive and never tells them anything, but they seldom realize that they have brought this on themselves.Disillusionment(醒悟) with the parents, however good and adequate they may be bothas parents and as individuals, is to some degree inevitable.68 Parents would be greatly surprised and deeply touched if they realized howmuchbelief their children usually have in their character and correctness, and how much this faith means to a child. If parents were prepared for this teen-aged reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment, they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by offending and resisting it. The teenagers, with his passion for sincerity, always respects a parent who admits that he is wrong, or ignorant, or even that he has been unfair or unjust. 69Victorian parents believed that they kept their dignity by retreating（伪装）behind anunreasoning authoritarian attitude; in fact they did nothing of the kind, but children were then too frightened to let them know how they really felt. 70 It is always wiser and safer to face up to reality, however painful it may be at the moment.IV.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.71. 新任的总统因军事危机而忧心忡忡。
上海市上海中学2017届高三上学期英语周练试题(1) Word版含答案
上海中学高三英语周练II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: A fter reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)We know the famous ones-the Thomas Edisons and the Alexand er Graham Bells-but what about the__26__________( famous) inventors? What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper ? Shouldn't we know who they are?Joan McLean thinks so. In fact, McLean, a professor of physics at Mountain University in Range, feels so strongly about this matter _27_________ she's devel oped a course on the topic. In addition to l earning "who"invented "what", however, McLean also likes her stud ents to learn the answers to the "why" and "how" questions. According to McLean, When stud ents learn the answers to these questions, they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give _28______________ a try.So, just what is the story behind the windshield wiper? Well, Mary Anderson came up with the id ea in 1902 after a visit to New York City. The day was col d and stormy, but And erson still wanted to see the sights,so she jumped aboard a streetcar. Noticing that the driver was struggling to see _29___________ the snow covering the windshield, she found herself _30__________ why there couldn't be a builtin device for cleaning the wind ow. Still wondering about this when she returned home to Birmingham, Alabama, Anderson started drafting out solutions. One of her ideas, a lever (操作杆) on the inside of a vehicl e that would control 31__________ arm on the outside,became the first windshield wiper.Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations. It's hard to imagine driving without Garrett A. Morgan's traffic light. It's equally impossible to picture a worl d without Katherine J. Bl odgett's innovation that makes glass invisible. _32_____________ you picture life without clear wind ows and eyeglasses?(B)There are a few things in life more irritating: you are mid conversation with a friend, and sudd enly she bursts out laughing,33_________(make) you think you’ve mad e a brilliant j oke. But then she says, “Sorry, I wasn’t laughing at you. I just saw something really fun on a micro blog.” Now the whol e worl d is beginning to lose patience with this phenomenon known as phubbing: snubbing others in a social setting __34___________checking your phone.In fact, phubbing is just one symptom of our increasing depend ence on mobile phones and the Internet which is replacing normal social interaction. According to a recent pollcarried out by a Sunday newspaper in Britain, a third of Britons__35_______(survey) admitted to being phubbers and more than a quarter said they would answer their phones in the middle of a face to face conversation.36_____________pointing or picking your nose, phubbing is also widely considered rud e behavior in public places. Lately , a Stop Phubbing campaign group has started in Australia and at least five __37___________have sprung up in its wake __38___________anger and discontent at the lack of manners grow.The campaign’s creator , Alex Haigh,23, from Melbourne, said :“A group of friends and I __39__________(chat) the other day when someone raised ho annoying being ignored by peopl e on mobil es was.” He has created a website __40_________companies can d ownload posters to discourage phubbing and even placards for weddings.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Recently the Department of Planning of New York _41________ a report which laid bare a full scal e of the city. In 1970, 18 percent of the city's population was foreign-born. By 1995, the figure had 42______ to 33 percent, and another 20 percent were the US-born offspring of immigrants. So immigrants and their children now form. a (n)_43_____ of the city's population.Who are these New Yorkers? Why d o they come here? Where are they from? OK, time to drop the "they". I'm one of the them. The last question at least is easy to answer: we come from everywhere. In the list of the top 20 44________ nations of those sending immigrants to New York between 1990 and 1994 are six countries in Asia, five in the Caribbean, four' in Latin America, three in Europe, plus Israel and former Soviet Union. And when we immigrants got here we 45_______up our sleeves. “If you are not ready to work when you get to New York,” says a friend of mine , “you’d better hit the road.”The mayor of New York once said, "Immigration has__46_________ the unique character and drive the economic engine of New York City." He believes that immigrants are at the heart of what makes Now York great. In Europe, by contrast, it is much more common to hear politicians worry about the loss of "_47________" that immigration brings to their societies. In the quarter century' since 1970, the United States__48_______ about 12.5 million legal immigrants, and has absorbed them into its social structures with an ease beyond the imagination of other nations. Since these immigrants are__49___________l and hard-working, they will help America to make a(n) _50_______ start in the next century.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the foll owing passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining (留住) customers. It sounds simple and achievable. But, __51__, words of wisdom are soon forgotten. Once companies have attracted customers they often __52__ the second half of the story. In the excitement of beating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders, and delivering the product, managers tend to become carried away. They forget what they regard as the boring side of business -- __53__ that the customer remains a customer.__54__ to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business huge amounts of money annually. It has been estimated that the average company loses between 10 and 30 per cent of its customers every year. In constantly changing __55__, this is not surprising. What is surprising is the fact that few companies have any idea how many customers they have lost.Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to those lost opportunities and calculate the __56__ implications. Cutting down the number of customers a company loses can make a big __57__ in its performance. Research in the US found that a five per cent decrease in the number of defecting (流失的) customers led to __58__ increases of between 25 and 85 per cent.In the US, Domino’s Pizza estimates that a regular customer is worth more than $5,000 over ten years. A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit and __59__ never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in __60__ profits (more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience).The logic behind cultivating customer __61__ is impossible to deny. “In practice most companies’ marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to __62__ them”, says Adrian Payne of Cornfield University’ School of Management. “Research suggests that there is a close relationship between retaining customers and making profits. __63__ customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price __64__, and may provide free word-of-mouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it __65__ for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market.51..A. in particular B. in reality C. at least D. first of all52. A. emphasize B. doubt C. overlook D. believe53. A. Denying B. ensuring C. arguing D. proving54. A. Moving B. Hoping C. Starting D. Failing55..A. markets B. tastes C. prices D. expenses56. A. culture B. social C. financial D. economical57. A. promise B. plan C. mistake D. difference58 .A. cost B. opportunity C. profit D. budget59. A.as a result B. on the whole C. in conclusion D. on the contrary60. A. huge B. potential C. extra D. reasonable61. A. beliefs B. loyalty C. habits D. interest62. A. altering B. understanding C. keeping D. Attracting63. A. Assumed B. Respected C. Established D. Unexpected64. A. agreeable B. flexible C. friendly D. sensitive65. A. unfair B. difficult C. essential D. convenientSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C,D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)If you are a male and you are reading this, congratulations: you are a survivor. According to statistics, you are more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer than a woman, and nine times more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you will die on average five years before a woman.There are many reasons for this, men take more risks than women and are more likely to drink and smoke, but perhaps more importantly, men d on't go to the doctor."Men aren't seeing d octors as often as they should," says Dr. Gullotta, "This is particularly so for the over-40s, when diseases tend to strike."Gullotta says a healthy man shoul d visit the d octor every year or two. For those over 45,it should be at least once a year.Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old man who had delayed d oing anything about his smoker’s cough for a year.When I finally saw him it had already spread and he has since died from ling cancer,”he says , “Earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him, bu t it woul d have prolonged his life.”According to a recent survey, 95%of women aged between 15 and early 40s see a doctor once a year, compared to 70% of men in the same age group."A lot of men think they are invincible (不可战胜的)" Gullotta says "They only come in when a friend drops d ead on the golf course and they think 'Geez, if it coul d happen tohim, …'"Then there is the ostrich (鸵鸟) approach, "Some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know," says Dr. Ross Cartmill."Most men get their cars serviced more often than they service their bodies," Cartmill says. He believes most diseases that commonly affect men coul d be addressed by preventive check-ups.Regular check-ups for men woul d inevitably (不可避免地) place stress on the public purse. Cartmill says. "But prevention is cheaper in the l ong run than having to treat the diseases. Besid es, the ultimate cost is far greater. It’s called premature d eath"66.Why d oes the author congratulate his mal e readers at the beginning of the passage?A. They are more likely to suffer diseases today.B. Their average life span has been considerably extended.C. They have lived long enough to red this article.D. They are sure to enjoy a l onger and happier life.67.Which of the foll owing best completes the sentence "Geez, if it could happen to him,…" in paragraph8?A. it coul d happen to me, too.B. I shoul d avoid playing golfC. I should consider myself lucky.D. it would be a big misfortune.68What does Dr. Ross Cartmill mean by "the ostrich approach" in paragraph 9?A .casual attitude towards one's health conditions.B. A new treatment for certain psychol ogical probl ems.C. Refusal to get medical treatment for fear of the pain involved.D. Unwillingness to find out about one's disease because of fear.69.What does Cartmill say about regular check-ups for men?A. They may increase public expenses.B. They will save money in the long run.C. They may cause psychol ogical stress on men.D. They will enable men to live as long as women.(B)Doctors have been advising us for years to "use it or lose it": that is, to stay as intellectually active as possibl e into our waning years in order to avoid dementia. But the latest research shows that brain training comes at a price.In a study of 1,157 men and women age 65 or ol der, researchers led by Dr. Robert Wilson at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago found that people who remained intellectually stimulated —by playing cards or other games, reading or visiting museums —were diagnosed with dementia later than those who were not as cognitively active. But once dementia set in, the group who participated in mentally stimulating activities experienced a much more rapid cognitive decline. Over the 12-year study, for each additional point they gained on a measure of cognitive activity, the intellectually stimulated group experienced a 52% greater decline in cognitive impairment, after being diagnosed with dementia.“Brain activity is not stopping the und erlying neurobiol ogy of d ementia, but for a while, it seems to be effective in delaying the ad ditional appearance of symptoms," says Wilson. "But the benefit of delaying the initial symptoms comes at the cost of more rapid progression of dementia once it makes its appearance."While brain exercises can help the brain continue to function d espite the accumulating biological changes und erlying dementia and Alzheimer's, at some point, says Wilson, the scales tip — that activity can no longer compensate for the growing volume of deteriorating alterations in the brain. "At that point, the patient is pretty much at the mercy of the pathol ogy," he says. And that's why, once the symptoms of dementia become obvious, those who were able to push off their diagnosis are likely to be at a more advanced stage of disease.The findings, published Wednesday in Neurol ogy, should not discourage people from remaining cognitively active, says Dr. William Thies, chief medical officer of the Alzheimer's Association, and in fact raises interesting questions about how we as a society shoul d approach age-related brain changes. Surveys consistently show that most of us woul d prefer to remain as functionally intact as possibl e and experience a short period of physical or mental disability before d eath. Gradual cognitive decline, which is the hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, is challenging for patients, their caregivers and society, as the health costs of chronic care continue to climb. But the current study suggests that more people may be able to telescope their mental d ecline into a shorter and more concentrated time period. "I think the results suggested by this paper are something that peopl e would regard as positive," he says. "And this is the sort of study we really need if we are ever going to understand how to manage all aspects of d ementia as a society."70. The word “dementia” can be best replaced by _______________________________.A. mental diseaseB. brain damageC. cognitive declineD. Biological changes71. The sentence underlined suggests that when the brain exercises can no longer compensate for the worsening alterations in the brain, __________.A. the volume of the worsening alterations in brain determines the seriousness of the diseaseB. the patient no l onger needs to d o brain exercises and has to be taken care of by the d octorsC. the d octors can only treat the patient based on his pathol ogical conditionsD. the accumulating biol ogical changes underlying dementia can’t be ignored by the patient72. According to Dr. William Thies, the findings shoul d be viewed as__________.A. discouragingB. interestingC. challengingD. positive73. What can we infer from the passage?A. Brain training is very expensive for those who want to stay cognitively active.B. The costs of taking care of an Alzheimer’s patient continue to go up.C. Those who d o brain exercises will definitely suffer from d ementia at last.D. We need more studies to understand how to manage dementia as a society.(C)The modern Olympic Games, founded in 1896,began as contests between individuals, rather than among nations , with the hope of promoting world peace through sportsmanship . In the beginning ,the games were open only to amateurs. An amateur is a person whose involvement in an activity--from sports to science or the arts--is purely for pleasure . Amateurs , whatever their contributions to a field, expect to receive no form of compensation; professional ,in contrast ,perform their work in ord er to earn a living.From the perspective of many athletes, however , the Olympic playing filed has been far from level. Restricting the Olympic to amateurs has preclud ed (排除）the participation of many who could not afford to be unpaid. Countries have always d esired to send their best athletes , not their wealthiest ones, to the Olympic Games.A sl ender and imprecise line separates what we call “financial support” from “earning money.” Do athletes “earn money” if they are reimbursed（补偿）for travel expenses? What if they are paid for time l ost at work or if they accept free clothing from a manufacturer or if they teach sports for a living? The runner Eric Lid dell was the son of poor missionaries; in 1924 the British Olympic Committee financed his trip to the Olympics, where he won a gol d and a bronze medal. Coll ege scholarships and support from the United States Olympic Committee mad e it possibl e for American track stars Jesse Owens and Wilma Rudolph and speed skater Dan Jansen to train and compete. When the Soviet Union and its allies joined the games in 1952, the definition of amateur became still muddier. Their athletes did not have to balance jobs and training because as citizens in communist regimes, their government financial support was not considered payment for jobs.In 1971 the International Olympic Committee(IOC) removed the word amateur from the rules, making it easier for athletes to find the support necessary to train and compete. In 1986 the IOC allowed professional athletes into the games.There are those who regret the disappearance of amateurism from the Olympic Games. For them the games l ost something special when they became just another way for athletes to earn money. Others say that the designation of amateurism was always questionable; theyargue that all competitors receive so much financial support as to make them paid professionals. Most agree, however, that the debate over what constitutes an“amateur”will continue for a l ong time.74. One might infer that _______________________.A. devel oping Olympic-level skills in athletes is costlyB. professional athletes are mostly interested in financial rewardsC. amateurs does not expect to earn money at the sport that is playedD. amateurs athletes have a better attitud e than professionals d o75. The statement“the playing field has been far from level”means that__________.A. the ground the athletes played on was in bad conditionB. the poorer players were given some advantagesC. the rules did not work the same way for everyoneD. amateurs were inferior to the professionals in many ways76. The financial support given to athletes by the Soviet government can best be compared to ________________.A. a gift received on a special occasion, such as a birthdayB. money received from a winning lottery ticketC. an all owance paid to a childD. Money from charity organization77. One can conclude that the Olympic Organizing Committee _________________.A. has hel d firm to its original vision of the Olympic gamesB. has struggled with the definition of amateur over the yearsC. regards itself as an organization for professional athl etes onlyD. did nothing but stop all owing communists to participateSection DDirections: Read the passage carefully and answer the questions or complete the statements in no more than 12 words."Severe fatigue(疲乏), very weak. I could hardly walk d own the bl ock," says Wendy Moro. Why, she wondered, then, Wendy and her d octor begin to suspect her plate. "A few times a week I was having fish, whether it was once or four times," says Wendy. "What kind of fish? Swordfish, tuna and sea bass, the highest mercury- content fish sold in the commercial market," says Dr. Jane Hightower.Mercury(汞) enters the ocean with commercial pollution. It works its way up the food chain, and apparently into some of the most popular fish on the market. Wendy's doctor, Dr. Jane Hightower, was so suspicious that she began testing her Bay Area patients. All consumed large amounts offish, and an overwhelming majority tested high for mercury in their systems."I was seeing hair loss, fatigue, muscle ache, headache, feeling just an ill feeling."Hightower said.The symptoms began to clear up when Hightower cut the amount of fish in their diets. "It was so obvious, but the problem was still unknown to the public," she said. "I even wanted to rent a tent and a tambourine."(A tambourine is a small one-sided drum with metal disks around its rim.) Her published findings drew national attention. But despite her study, there is still fierce debate over how much fish is safe to eat, and how much mercury consumers are actually eating. So we decid ed to do our own test.According to the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), the safe l evel of mercury intake for a 120-pound woman like Wendy is a little over 38 micrograms per week. On average, a single serving of tuna purchased here in the Bay Area contained more mercury than the EPA recommends a woman of Wendy's size eat for an entire week. Sea bass had nearly twice that level, and swordfish nearly six times the EPA's safe mercury intake for a week, in a single serving.Whil e there is little scientific data on how the body reacts to high levels of mercury, it has been linked to symptoms ranging from muscle pain to hair loss, birth defects, and muscle fatigue And, as in our testing, the evidence is mounting that the larger the fish, the more the exposure.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statement in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. The popular fish on the market obtain mercury through and .82. When Dr. Hightower "wanted to rent a tent and a tambourine", she meant to .83. What did Dr. Hightower do with the information she discovered?_________________________________________________________________________84. What should people do according to the test done by the EPA?__________________________________________________________________________第II卷I. TranslationDirections :Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.务必放弃这种不切实际的想法，否则你将一事无成。
上海市七宝中学2017-2018学年高三上学期周测卷英语试题3 Word版含答案
2017-2018学年高考英语练习卷Test for Issue 468Grammar 10%+10%The tale of Robinson Crusoe, a British sailor who gets trapped on a faraway island, _____1_____ (tell) for hundreds of years. Since British writer Daniel Defoe’s 1719 novel came out, the story has been made into numerous plays, films and TV series.But just when you think there is ____2____ more you can get from this classic adventure tale, here is yet another Robinson Crusoe film –The Wild Life by Belgium’s nWave animation studio. It’s been out in the Chinese mainland _____3____ Oct 4.The Wild Life tells the story in a quite different way. Yes, there is a guy named Robinson Crusoe who finds himself trapped on an island after a terrible storm on the sea. But that’s it. There are no cannibals, no murders and no slaves being traded.Instead, the narrator has changed from Crusoe himself to a chatty parrot named Mak. The whole story is also told from the animals’ point of view, including a chameleon, a hedgehog and a goat. They go from seeing their homeland invaded by a human to slowly ____4____ (become) friends with him.This is actually quite a smart move, _____5_____ (consider) this year’s animal fever in movies from Zootopia to The Secret Life of Pets. Even the villains in The Wild Life have been changed from dangerous local island people to a group of evil cats from a ship. Family-friendly _____6______ animals seem to make this film, this alone does not mean a story will be great. The Wild Life isn’t as in-depth as Zootopia. The animal characters _____7_____ make it hard for audiences to relate to them emotionally.“____8____ much humor, and with a very straightforward story, there isn’t a lot to hook you into the tale,” noted US film writer Katie Walsh in the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. “There’s a message about accepting outsiders without judgment and _____9_____ (work) together as a team, and another message about an island life versus a civilized one, but all of it ____10____ (present) without much complication.”1 _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _______________ 6. ____________ 7. ______________ 8. ____________ 9. _____________ 10._______________They are the great modern designs that were built in the last century. But ___11____ a lack of proper protection, many of them have been destroyed. Luckily, some have stood the test of time.A national list of architectural masterpieces was released in Beijing on Sept 29 to remind people of _____12_____ (disappear) heritage, reported China Daily. A total of 98 unique structures have been included in the first edition of the 20th Century Chinese Architectural Heritage List.“Many of the ____13____ (include) structures have many stories to tell and have seen historical events, so they are alive,” Shan Jixiang, / head of the Chinese Society of Cultural Relics, told China Daily.Despite China’s recent efforts____14____ (protect)its traditional architecture, a lot of it has been destroyed, partly _____15_____ there is not enough public awareness.“To architects, the buildings we desig ned are ____16_____ daughters to us. We married off our beloved daughters only ____17_____ (find) them not being taken care of,” Ma Guoyong, an expert at the Chinese Academy of Engineering, said in an interview with Chinanews website.The new list will make people realize the importance of keeping more recent architectural sites for future generations. “When they restore them, they _____18______ be treated as cultural heritage sites rather than general construction. Otherwise, historical information ___19___ (lose),” said Shan.“Masterpieces of the 20th century prove that Chinese architects’ spirit and skills were passed down well,” he added. “And they deserve ____20_____ (pass) on to modern times.”11. _____________ 12. ______________ 13. _____________ 14. _____________15. _________16. ____________ 17. _______________ 18. _____________ 19. ____________ 20 __________Vocabulary 10%Van Gogh was a Dutch Post painter who is among the most famous and influential ____21_____ in the history of Western art. In just over a decade he created about 2100 artworks, including around 860 oil paintings, most of them in the last two years of his life. They include landscapes, still lifes, portraits and self-portraits, and are _____22____ by bold, symbolic colors, and dramatic, impulsive and highly expressive brushwork that contributed to the foundations of modern art. He sold only one painting during his lifetime and became famous after his suicide at age 37, which ____23____ years of poverty and mental illness.On Sept 30, two Van Gogh paintings – Seascape at Scheveningen (1882) and Congregation Leaving the Reformed Church in Nuenen (1884–1885) – that were stolen in 2002 from the Van Gogh Museum in the Netherlands were ____24_____ in Italy after 14 years.Both of the paintings were found without their frames, but seemed to be in good condition despite their long journey, according to the Van Gogh Museum.The paintings, ____25____ to be worth a total of €100 million (749.74 million yuan), aren’t among Van Gogh’s most famous. But the importance of the works comes from the ___26____ he painted.Seascape at Scheveningen is one of the only two seascapes that the Dutch post-impressionist painted during his years in the city of The Hague. It shows a boat sailing into a stormy sea. The thick paint “is a beautiful example of Van Gogh’s early style of painting, already showing his special ______27______”, the museu m _____28______.Congregation Leaving the Reformed Church in Nuenen is a small work of art that Van Gogh painted for his mother in early 1884. It shows the church of the Reformed Church community in Nuenen, where Van Gogh’s father was a priest. In 1885, after his father’s death, Van Gogh changed the painting and added the people in the foreground, among them a few women in black shawls that are worn when loved ones have died. This may be a ____29____ to his father’s death.“The strong connections to his own life make this a work of great _____30______ value,” the Van Gogh Museum commented.Cloze 12%Small talk –the likes of “What do you have there? Popcorn?” or “The weather today is beautiful, isn’t it?” – is meaningless and a waste of time, according to some people. But scientists believe that it is actually more useful than it _____31______ to be.One example comes when you are on a train or a plane. The thought of talking to the stranger sitting beside you ____32____ be scary, because you know the conversation is sure to be ____33______. But a study by the University of Chicago in the US found that people who chat to strangers enjoy a better ride than those who sit _____34_____ or bury themselves in their phones.In the study, researchers asked real-life people at Chicago train stations to start conversations with ______35______ travelers. Most of them refused to do so at first because they _____36_____ get a friendly answer. But the result turned out to be just the opposite –most strangers were not only willing to be talked to, but also pleasant to talk to.“Human beings are social animals,” Nicholas Epley, one of the lead researchers, told Live Science. “Other people are people, too. And it turns out that they’d like to get to know you.”______37______ making you happier, small talk with strangers can also help you feel connected to your surroundings. Previous studies found that when people are frequently smiled at, made eye contact with and spoken to at coffee shops, they ______38______ have a stronger sense of belonging instead of feeling like they are being ignored and left out.And if you are already _____39______ enough to make small talk with strangers, you should try to develop it into something “bigger”.A 2010 study proved that having a deep and meaningful conversation gives you even more ______40_____ than small talk. Participants in the study – 79 college students – reported after the four-day experiment that they were much happier when they had a third as much small talk and twice as many in-depth conversations.But deep conversations can start with small talk, can’t they? So the first step is to start talking, no matter how _____41_____ the topic is. And who knows, maybe an opening line as simple as “I like your hat” could lead to a serious con versation _____42______ you learn something new from a stranger.Reading 8%Do you know who Stefani Germanotta is? Perhaps not, but you almost certainly know the pop star Lady Gaga, who has become wildly popular in the US and all over the world.The 30-year-old is famous for her cutting-edge pop videos and strange fashion sense. _________43________ She is going to perform at the Super Bowl 51 halftime show, the yearly championship game of the National Football League, the highest level of professional American football in the world. Her performance will take place on Feb 5, 2017.The singer confirmed the reports on her Twitter account on Sept 29, writing that she’ll be there for sure. “It’s not an illusion. The rumors are true. This year the SUPER BOWL goes GAGA!” she wrote.With an audie nce of about 100 million viewers, the show will follow Lady Gaga’s return to pop. _________44_________ She released duets album Cheek to Cheek with Tony Bennett, an experienced US singer, and won a Golden Globe as an actress on American Horror Story: Hotel._________45________On Sept 9, she released a new high-energy song called Perfect Illusion. She has said that the lyrics of Perfect Illusion describe social media. “There are also a lot of things on the internet that are not reality. And I think people are pressured to keep that personal illusion going on in their real lives.” Gaga said.Perfect Illusion is the first single from her fourth solo album Joanne, which will be released on Oct 21. _______46________ “Returning to your family and where you came from, and your history, this is what makes you strong,” she told People magazine.Keys:1 has been told 2. nothing 3. since 4. becoming 5. considering6. as/ though7. may/ might8. Without9. working 10. is presented11. through/ for 12. disappearing 13. included 14. to protect 15. because16. like 17. to find 18. should 19. will be lost 20. to be passed/ passing21. AB 22. ABC 23.A 24. B 25. AD 26. C 27. BC 28. D 29. AC 30. BD31-42 B, D, C, B, A, B, B, C, A, D, C, A43-46 D, A, B, AB。
2017-2018上海建平中学高三上英语周练一(老师用)
2017学年度第一学期高三英语周二练习2017.9.12II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20％)Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Over the past sixteen years of my life, I have grown to be a very independent person. This can be both good and bad in the sense that I am able to do things (21)______ my own, yet at times strug gle with taking advice from others. Sometimes, hearing what other people have to say can be one of the hardest things to do. However, getting advice from (22)_______ cares about you can impact your life in great way. Because of this, I began realizing that my mom’s guidance throughout my life has never steered me wrong. This is why I believe you( 23) __________ always listen to your mother.This belief has not been easy (24) _______ (realize). It has taken endless amount of time in which I decided to go against what my mother had tosay, and later discovered that she was right. I think we can all agree that (25) ____ (admit) your mother was right is always a hard thing to do. But what else are you supposed to say (26) _______ you are standing outside in the freezing cold, shaking because you did not wear that extra jacket you (27) __________ (tell) to wear?When I was twelve years old, I had the experience of a lifetime. However, I would have misse d out if it hadn’t been for my mom. She had been planning a trip to Turkeyfor work, (28) _____ (offer) to bring my sister and me along with her. When I first heard about this opportunity, I was terrified. Never had I been out of the country before. I thought to (29)______ “I s she crazy? my mom then began to say, (30) “_____ is known to all, one needs to step out of his co mfort zone and try something new in order to encounter larger-than-life ideas.” After going back an d forth with my own thoughts, I decided to go on the trip. And boy, she was right. Going to Turkey will forever be one of my greatest memories and I am thankful I got to visit that amazing country.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The New York Times has changed a lot in the past 10 years, embracing digital subscriptions and growing into online video and specialty areas like cooking. It has not been enough to prepare the company for the future, according to the paper's own 2020 report ___31__ on Tuesday."While the past two years have been a time of significant innovation, the pace must speed up," the authors wrote in the opening of the report. "Too often, digital progress has been accomplished through workarounds; now we must tear apart the barriers. We must __32___ between mission and tradition: what we do because it’s essential to our values and what we do because we’ve always done it."The report indicated how far the paper has come in ___33___ itself for the digital age while also pointing out what needs to be done.The areas that need ____34___ are focused on the newsroom, particularly in the tools and internal structures that journalists must deal with to produce their work.Many of the report's recommendations are___35___ to anyone who closely follows the Times or newspapers in general: A(n) __36___ away from print's outsized importance on the newsroom's operations, better ways to include multimedia in stories and a renewed effort at creating more a diverse newsroom with a variety of skills.The paper has an ongoing goal that started in 2016 of doubling digital revenue to $800 million by 2020. "To ___37__ our future, we need to expand substantially our number of subscribers by 2020."The report also calls into some question that formats on which the Times —and most other newspapers — rely on, namely a mix of news stories and features that are text heavy. "Too much of our daily report remains dominated by long strings of text," the report states.The report stresses that the Times should do more to educate readers. "Our readers are ___39___ for advice from The Times. Too often, we don’t offer it, or offer it only in print-centric forms," the report states. Perhaps the most interesting part of the report comes at the very bottom in the form of critiques from the paper's own journalists. Reporters said they would like to see less incremental news, flexibility in choice of how to tell certain stories, and some disagreement about what kind of tone the Times should embrace going forward.III. Reading Comprehension (45%)Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B，C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Have We Reached Peak Trade?Globalization is usually defined as the free mov ement of people, goods and capital. It’s been the most important 41 force of modernity. Until the financial crisis of 2008, global trade grew twice as fast as the global economy itself. 42 , thanks to both economics and politics, globalization as we have known it isdeveloping fast.The question is: Have we reached peak trade? If you think of it in terms of the flow of digital data and ideas, no--it’s actually 43 .’ Indeed, the cross-border flow of digital data-e-commerce, web searches, online video, machine-to-machine interactions -has grown 45 times larger since 2005 and is 44 to grow much faster than the global economy over the next few years.There’s no doubt globalization has increased wealth at both global and national levels. But free tr ade can also widen the 45 gap within countries, in part by creating concentrated groups of economic losers. Free trade has made goods and services cheaper for Americans - think of all the inexpensive Chinese-made goods at Walmart - but it hasn’t always46 their job prospects. From l990 to 2008, the areas most 47 to foreign competition saw almost no net new jobs created. That’s one reason the new generation of Americans is on track to be 48 than their parents.The gains of free trade do not always 49 the losses. This realization that the tide of 50 doesn’t raise all boats has fed into the anti-free trade movement. And companies themselves are 51 globalization.Nevertheless, there is one reason to be 52 about the future of globalization–at least, the new information-based kind. McKinsey data estimate that the companies responsible for the jump in flows of digital goods, services and information will include a much higher proportion of small businesses than in the past. An estimated 86% of tech-based startups surveyed by McKinsey now do some cross-border business 53 before the arrival of the Internet, when globalization was dominated by super powers. That means that more of the wealth generated by globalization could flow down to t he 80% of the population that hasn’t54 as much as it should have.If those individuals feel they are being empowered by open borders and free trade, it could help swing the political pendulum（钟摆）back toward globalization in some form. Despite its laws, it has been an economic force that has lifted more people out of 55 than anything else the world has ever known.41. A. political B. cultural C. economic D. natural42. A. Otherwise B. Hence C. Moreover D. Yet43. A. depressing B. increasing C. approving D. operating44. A. projected B. tracked C. signaled D. needed45. A. price B. welfare C. pension D. wealth46. A. ruined B. helped C. foreseen D. reversed47. A. resistant B. suited C. exposed D. inaccessible48. A. happier B. healthier C. wealthier D. poorer49. A. outweigh B. balance C. suffer D. substitute50. A. materialism B. modernization C. globalization D. consumption51. A. withdrawing from B. counting on C. profiting from D. insisting on52. A. confused B. concerned C. optimistic D. curious53. A. adaptable B. accessible C. affordable D. impossible54. A. striven B. consumed C. benefited D. digested55. A. fear B. poverty C. frustration D. embarrassmentSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)Dear Cutie-Pie,Recently, your mother and I were searching for an answer on Google. Halfway through entering the question, Google returned a list of the most popular searches in the world. At the top of the list was "How to keep him interested."It surprised me a lot. I scanned several of the countless articles about how to be sexy and sexual, when to bring him a beer versus a sandwich, and the ways to make him feel smart and superior.And I got angry.Little One, it is not, has never been, and never will be your job to "keep him interested."Little One, your only task is to know deeply in your soul -- in that unshakeable place that isn't upset by rejection and loss -- that you are worthy of interest.If you can trust your worth in this way, you will be attractive in the most important sense of the word: you will attract a boy who is both capable of interest and who wants to spend his one life investing all of his interest in you.Little One, I want to tell you about the boy who doesn't need to be kept interested, because he knows you are interesting.I don’t care if he can't play a bit of golf with me -- as long as he can play with the children you give him and revel in all the glorious and frustrating ways they are just like you. I don't care if he doesn't follow his wallet -- as long as he follows his heart and it always leads him back to you. I don't care if he is strong -- as long as he gives you the space to exercise the strength that is in your heart. I couldn't care less how he votes -- as long as he wakes up every morning and daily elects you to a place of honor in your home and a place of reverence in his heart. I don't care about the color of his skin. I don’t care if he was raised in this religion or that religion or no religion.Little one, if you come across a man like that and he and I have nothing else in common, we will have the most important thing in common: You.Because in the end, Little One, the only thing you should have to do to "keep him interested" is to be you.Your eternally interested guy,Daddy56. What shocked Daddy when he was surfing on the Internet?A. Girls' knowing nothing about trusting themselves.B. Girls’ giving priority to finding ways to please boys.C. Girls’ bringing foods and drinks to boys from time to time.D. Girls' being upset by being rejected constantly.57. Father thinks what is of primary importance to his daughter is to .A. keep the boy interestedB. know she deserves a boy' interestC. attract a boy willing to invest all in herD. find a boy who can please her58. According to the passage, what does the underlined word “revel”mean?A. feel depressedB. become puzzledC. look aroundD. enjoy himself59. What’s the main purpose of this letter?A. To advise his daughter to trust her worth.B. To inform his daughter how to keep others interested.C. To show his daughter how to find her true love.D. To help his daughter find someone with common interests.(B)60. In terms of Self-driving Capabilities, what makes Audi and Volkswagen stand out?A. Braking when sensing red lightsB. Going into garages without a driverC. Stopping other cars on highwayD. Taking photos with a camera61. Which of the cars can adjust the headlights in order not to upset drivers in oncoming cars?A. Ford and V olkswagenB. Audi and BMWC. Audi and V olkswagenD. BMW and Ford62. In which section of a car magazine does the article most probably appear?A. First DriveB. Cars For RentC. Instrumental TestsD. Smart Tech.(C)On the occasional clear-frost autumn night, I was hiking through the dark forest with my GMO wolf. Yes, my best friend is a genetically modified organism (转基因生物)；deliberate selection has produced the blunt-toothed, small-pawed wonder that walks by my side.Our world is changing rapidly. In the last five decades, global population has fully doubled, with 3.7 billion hungry mouths added to our planet. During this same time span, the amount of land suitable for agriculture has increased by only 5%. Miraculously，this did not result in the great global famine（饥荒）one might have predicted .How do scientists modify a plant so that it makes more food than its parents did? We could treat each harvest like a litter of wolf pups and select only plants bearing the fattest, richest seeds for the next season. This was the method our ancestors used to engineer rice, corn and wheat from the wild grasses they encountered.During my childhood, advances in genetic technologies allowed scientists to identify and clone the genes responsible for repressing stem growth, leading to shorter, stronger stalks that could bear more seed —the high-yield crops that feed us today. The 21st century has brought with it a marvelous new set of high-tech tools with which to further quicken the process of artificial selection. Plant geneticists can now directly edit out or edit in sections of DNA using molecular scissors. We can minimize a plant’s weaknesses while adding to its strengths, and we don’t have to wait for seasons to pass to test the result.It is transformative potential of these techniques to quickly supply the next-generation crops required for upcoming climate change that has led me to believe in the safety and function of GMO plants in agricultural products. We need more GMO research to feed the world that we are creating.I love the quiet forest that stands between my lab and my home. But I know that as a scientist, I am responsible first to humanity. We must feed, shelter and nurture one another as our first priority and to do so, we must take advantage of our best technologies, which have always included some type of genetic modification. We must continue as before, nourishing the future as we feed ourselves, and each year plant only the very best of what we have collectively engineered. I keep the faith of my ancestors each night when I walk through the forest to my lab, and my GMO wolf does the same when she guards my way home.63. Why does the author mention the wolf in the 1st paragraph?A. To advise people to keep wolves as petsB. To persuade readers to welcome the new technologyC. To change people’s attitude towards wolvesD. To introduce a technology used to humans' advantage64. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A. GMO technology will help weatherproof future crops.B. With GMO technology, famine has been eliminated.C. Artificial selections make high-yield plants possible.D. The author believes technology should contribute to future generations.65.What can be learned about modifying a plant?A.It takes scientists seasons to know whether the让selection is correct.B.One way for ancestors to change a plant was to clone some genes.C. Modem techniques help speed up the artificial selection by altering DNA.D. The general public show strong faith in GMO plants.66.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A.GMO Technology - Turning Wolves into the Best PetsB.Engineered Food - Feeding Future GenerationsC. Engineered Food - To Be or Not To BeD. GMO Technology - A Driving Force in World PeaceSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Charity -Humanity’s most kind and generous desire -- is a timeless and borderless virtue, dating at least to the dawn of religious teaching. Philanthropy（慈善行为）as we understand it today, however, is a distinctly American phenomenon, inseparable from the nation that shaped it. From colonial leaders to modem billionaires like Buffett, Gates and Zuckerberg, the tradition of giving is woven into the national DNA.67. Benjamin Franklin, an icon of individual industry and frugality (节俭）even in his own day, understood that with the privilege of doing well came the price of doing good. When he died in 1790, Franklin thought to future generations, leaving in trust two gifts of 1,000 lb. of sterling silver - one to the city of Boston, the other to Philadelphia. According to his instruction, a portion of the money could not be used for 200 years.While Franklin’s gifts lay in wait, the tradition he e stablished evolved alongside the young nation.68. Often far less famed men and women have played a critical role in philanthropy’s evolution. One of my personal heroes is Julius Rosenwald, who helped construct more than 5,300 schools across the segregated（种族隔离）South and opened classroom doors to a generation of African-American students.69. The answer is not just to benefit others. Tax reduction, for one, encourages the rich people to give. And philanthropy has long helped improve the public image of everyone from immoral capitalists to the new tech elite. More troubling, however, are the foundational problems that make philanthropy so necessary. Just before his death, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. wrote，“Philanthropy is p raise-worthy, but it must not cause the philanthropist to overlook the circumstances of economic injustice which make philanthropy necessary.”Franklin’s gifts represent a broader principle. We are guardians of a public trust even if our capital came from private enterprise, and our most important obligation is ensuring that the system works more equally and more justly for more people. 70. America’s greatest strength is not the fact of perfection, but rather the act of perfecting.IV. Summary Writing (10%)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Every year, more and more parents complain to their children’s schools abo ut PE. They believe that their children shouldn’t have to participate in physical activity if they don’t want to. Supporters of PE, however, believe that it is a crucial element of all-round schooling and our society’s well-being. They insist PE in schools remains one of the few places by which the youth can be forced to participate in aerobic exercise.Firstly, they believe that participation in sport promotes health. In fact physical education is a springboard for involvement in sport and physical activities throughout life. Government is, or should be, concerned with the health of its citizens. Encouraging physical activity in the young through compulsory PE fights child obesity and contributes to forming lifelong habits of exercise. This doesn't have to be through traditional team sport，increasingly schools are able to offer exercise in the form of swimming, gymnastics, dance, etc.Besides, physical education helps to develop character and the mutual (相互的) respect required to succeed in an adult environment. Playing team sports builds character and encourages students to work with others, as they would be expected to do in most business or sporting environments. Sport teaches children how to win and lose with good grace and builds a strong school spirit through competition with other institutions. It is often the experience of playing on a team together that builds the strongest friendships at school, which endure for years afterwards.Finally, the pursuit for national sporting achievement begins in schools. If schools don’t have compulsory PE, it is much harder to pick out，develop and equip athletes to represent the country on a wider stage. However, it’s much easier to find suitable individuals with a full sports program in every school.V. Translation (15%)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.正巧这几天有空，去公园散步如何？(happen)73.一副油画赠予了该美术馆，以纪念两个城市间的珍贵友谊。
上海上海中学高一上学期周练英语试题
上海上海中学高一上学期周练英语试题集团标准化办公室：[VV986T-J682P28-JP266L8-68PNN]上海中学2017-2018学年第学期高一英语试题Choice21.The impact__________ high technology draws worldwide attention.A.onB.toC.ofD.in22.________________,the more expansive gestures you should employ when youdeliver a speech.A.The more audience there isB.The more the audience areC.As much audience as there isD.The larger the audience is23.John is really an independent boy and he tries his best to settle everyproblem_______.A.of his ownB.by his own C,for his own D.on his own24.The queen,__________ an old woman, made a poisonous apple and came tothe cottage to tempt Snow White to eat it.A,dressed in B.who was dressing like C.dressed like D.who had clotheson as25.It is reported that __________schools in the west of China are improvingtheir study environment.A.a great many ofB.the large number ofB..a great amount of D.a large number of26.Do you really mean_________a basketball player? Do you know thattraining to be a basketball player means_____________at least eight hoursevery day?A.being,practicingB.to be,practicingC.to be,to practiceD.being,topractice27.Balancing the workload of a _________job alongside a course of study can be difficult, so there is an increasing tendency for people to give up work and go back to school.A.demandingB.rewardingC.leadingD.outstanding28. I couldn’t re sist having another piece of cake ____________I was supposed to be on a diet and lose weight.A.untilB.wheneverC.asD.even if29. Your children will not follow your advice to ____________business management as his major if you ___________.A.take up,force him toB.take up,force himC.take on,force him toD.take on,force him30.The students of class 8____________a farewell party for their retired class teacher from then on.A.made a great decision to holdingB.made up their mind to holdC.were determined to holdD.decide to hold31.The machine is easy to___________，___________is shown in the pictures.A.operate on, whichB.be operated, whichC.be operated on, asD.operate, as32.Mary’s talent for music and acting led her into a(n)_________on the stage.A.workB.professionC.occupationD.career33.Although the old man insisted he ___________all right,his children all insisted he______________to hospital at once.A.was,would be sentB.was, be sentC.be,would be sentD.be,be sent34.It was the financial scandal that he was involved___________pushed him to give up his political career.A.that B，in what C.in that D. in whichans are parts of our body,____________a special function to perform.A.each of them has B,each has C.every of which has D.each of which has36.A;It will be the first time that I _____________the subject.B;Don’t worry.It will be a little difficult the first time you_________it.A.have taught,teachB.teach,have taughtC.will teach,will teachD.have taught,will teach37.Slipping off the bicycle an getting hurt,Jack asked a pass-by whether there was a drugstore around________he could buy the medicine for his broken knee,A.whereB.whenC.whichD.that38.I have a house,________ the southA.that window opensB.of which the window opens toC.whose window open toD.the windows of which opens39.E-mail is a convenient, highly informal medium for conveying message among people __________well satisfies human needs.A.what B,who C.that D.for which40.According to a report recently released by the US National Research Council,the amount of space junk flowing in Earth’s orbit has reached a critical lever_________future space mission may become too dangerous to fly.A.thatB.whereC.whose D of which41.Marco Polo,who was a great Italian traveler, traveled all the way to China,_________was then called Cathy.A.whereB.whichC.whenD.what42.He arrived in New York in 1986,____________some time later, he became a writer.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which43.It was almost midnight_________the ceremony was over.A.thatB.sinceC.when D,till44.Jenny smiled________her mother did when she was Jenny’s age.A.whatB.whereC.thatD.which45._________did you use to do________you don’t do now?A.46._______glitters is not gold not all those__________wander are lost.A.What,whoB.All that,whoC.All,thatD.What,that47.Sparking Lake in Jiuzhaigou is so beautiful a place_________people can memorize forever even it no longer exists in real life.A.thatB.whichC.asD.what48.I sent invitation to 100people to the party,__________turned up.A.of whom only a thirdB.only 30 of theseC.almost all of themD.and none of them49.There is no difficulty___________we can overcome.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.but50.Could you lend me a knife________?A.which to open the canB.with which to open a canC.with which I opened the canD.with which I can use to open a canVocabularyComplete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Prederic Mishikn, who’s been a professor at Columbia Business School for almost 30 years, is good at solving problems and expressing ideas. Whether he’s sending in front of a lecture hall or engaged in a ____51______ conversion, his hands are always waving and pointing. When he was in_____52_______school,one of his professors was so annoyed bythis____53_____gesturing that he made the young economist sit on his hands whenever he visited the professor’s office.I t turns out, however, that Mishikn’s professor had it exactly wrong. Gesture doesn’t prevent but ____54_____clear thought and speech.Research______55____that the movements we make with our hands when wetalk_______56_____a kind of second language, adding information that is____57_______from our words. It is learning’s_____58_______code;Gestures reveals what we know. It also reveals what we don’t know. What’s more, the agreement(or______59_______of agreement)between what our voices say and how our hands move offers a ___60________to our readiness to learn.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:?For each blank in the following passage there are fourwords?or?phrases?marked A,?B,?C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the?context.One of the big excuses for not learning languages in Britain is that when you try them out abroad, the person you are speaking to responds in__61__ English, making you feel about two feet tall—or should that be 36 cm?English people are known for their reluctance to accept changes leading to closer union with us European partners. __62__ according to organizations promoting English business, ____63_____language learning is concerned, that simply doesn’t __53__ in that 21st?century.Trade Section UK aims to help British companies trading overseas. Its chief executive, Sir David Wright, says: “Language __64__ are good for business, good for jobs and help people in their career. Although many people may speak English __65__, they will usually negotiate in their own language. If we are to compete on an equal basis, it’s decisive that business ______66____ the challenge and uses languages more effectively.”The Council of Europe __67__ language learning as an important tool to improve communication and mutual understanding between individuals. The Center for Information on Language Teaching says that being able to speak __68__ language is a “basic life skill” and that the “language deficit in the UK has become an urgent economic, __69__ and political question.”The department for Education and Skills wants to __70__ teaching of modern foreign languages (MFT) at an earlier stage in the future. Primary school children will get greater __71__?to foreign language learning. Currently, about 20 percent of primary schools offer MFL teaching. The Department wants to increase this __72__ by 2012 every child has an entitlement to study a language at primary school.Education and Skills secretary Estelle Morris is very __73__ about more primary schools taking up the __74__ challenge. Children are just so much more responsive___75_____an earlier age.61. A. broken B. perfect C. natural D. simple62. A. And B. But C. So D. Besides63. A. whose B. where C. which D. that64. A. technology B. Learners C. skills D. teachers65. A. at home B. in school C aboard D. Overseas66. A. takes up B. takes off C. takes over D. takes in67. A. finds B. thinks C. regards D. believes68. A. native B. local C. another D. certain69. A. physical B. mental C. spiritual D. social70. A. permit B. encourage C. demand D. challenge71. A. admission B. access C. chance D. approach72. A. in that B. that C. now that D. so that73. A. worried B. concerned C. positive D. negative74. A. language B. business C. competition D. learning75. A. to B. on C. at D. ofReading comprehension(A)I made a pledge (发誓) to myself on the way down to the vacation beach cottage. For two weeks I would try to be a loving husband and father. Totally loving. No ifs, ands or buts.The idea had come to me as I listened to a talk on my car radio. The speaker was quoting a Biblical (圣经的) passage about husbands being thoughtful of their wives. Then he went on to say, "Love is an act ofwill.A person can choose to love." To myself, I had to admit that I had been a selfish husband. Well, for two weeks that would change.And it did. Right from the moment I kissed Evelyn at the door and said, "That new yellow sweater looks great on you."Oh, Tom, you noticed," she said, surprised and pleased, maybe a little puzzled.After the long drive, I wanted to sit and read. Evelyn suggested a walk on the beach. I started to refuse, but then I thought, "Evelyn's been alone here with the kids all the week and now she wants to stay with me." We walked on the beach while the children flew their kites.So it went. Two weeks of not calling the Wall Street firm where I am a director; a visit to the shell museum though I usually hate museums. Relaxed and happy, that's how the whole vacation passed. I made a new pledge to keep on remembering to choose love.There was one thing that went wrong with my experiment, however. Evelyn and I still laugh about it today.Last night at our cottage, preparing for bed, Evelyn stared at me with the saddest expression." What's the matter?" I asked her."Tom," she said in a voice filled with distress, "do you know something I don't?""What do you mean?"" Well...that checkup (体检) I had several weeks ago...our doctor (i)he tell you something about me?Tom, you've been so good to me...am I dying?"It took a moment for it all to sink in. Then I burst out laughing."No, honey," I said, wrapping her in my arms. "You're not dying; I'm just starting to live."76. In the first paragraph, "No ifs, ands or buts" probably means ____.A. UnnecessarilyB. unconditionallyC. impossiblyD. unexpectedly77. During the two weeks on the beach, Tom showed more love to his wife because _____.A. she looked lovely in her new clothesB. she was seriously illC. he was determined to be a good husbandD. he had made a lot of money in Wall Street78.By saying "I'm just starting to live", Tom means that _____.A. he is beginning to feel regretful for what he did to his wifeB. he lived an unhappy life before and is now starting to changeC. he is just beginning to understand the real meaning of lifeD. he is just beginning to enjoy his life as a loving husband(B)As I was thinking about language learning the other day, the image of baking bread came into my mind．I compared some of the exercises and drills that we put ourselves through in order to learn a language to the various ingredients (原料) that go into baking a loaf of fresh bread．Real language learning takes place in human relationships．No one sits down and eats a cup of flour, even if he is hungry and in a hurry．You don' t become bilingual (双语的) by learning lists of vocabulary．You don' tbecome a speaker of a language by memorizing grammatical rules．You become bilingual by entering a community that uses that other language as its basic means of communication．I am not suggesting that we can make bread without ingredients．Flour is necessary, as are yeast (酵母), salt, water and other ingredients．Vocabulary is part of any language and will have to be learned．Grammatical rules exist in every language and cannot be ignored．But merely combining the appropriate ingredients in the recommended proportions does not result in bread．At best, you only end up with a ball of dough (面团)．In order to get bread, you have to apply heat to the dough．And in language learning, that heat comes from the community．Anyone who has learned a second language has experienced that heat．It creeps up your neck when you ask the babysitter “Have you already been eaten?” when you meant to say, ‘‘Have you already eaten?” When you try to sa y something quite innocent and the whole room bursts into laughter, you are experiencing the heat that turns raw dough into good bread．Remember the old saying, “If you can' t stand the heat, get out of the kitchen"．This is where language learning often breaks down because we find the heat uncomfortable and we stop the baking process．In other words, we can' t stand the heat, so we get out of the kitchen．However, the language learner who stays in the kitchen－in the heat－until the combined ingredients are thoroughly transformed will enjoy the richness of a quality loaf of bread. He is glad that he did not "get out of the kitchen” at the important moment when the oven seemed too hot.The dedicated language learner knows that becoming bilingual cannot be achieved without the heat.79.According to the author, you can possibly become a speaker of a language by ________．A．bearing millions of words and expressions in your mindB．using the language to communicate with those around youC．Knowing verb conjugations and grammatical rulesD．saying something innocent to be laughed at by others80.'What’s the purpose of illustration of the example-you ask the babysitter,"Have you already been eaten?"When you meant to say,"Have you already eaten?"?A. To verify that you are sure to make some mistakes when you enter a community.B.To show that you should combine the ingredients in the recommended proportions.C. To prove that you may experience"heat"from the community in language learning.D. To indicate that being bilingual calls for your courage, confidence and perseverance.81.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the necessity of baking bread and learning language?A．Excellent Skills．B．Various ingredients．C．Appropriate proportions．D．Uncomfortable heat．(C)Like most people, I’ve long understood that I’ll be judged by my occupation, that my profession is used by people to see how talented I am. Recently, however, I was disappointed to see that it also decides how I’m treated as a person.Last year I left a professional position as a small-town reporter and took a job waiting tables. As someone paid to serve food to people, I had customers say and do things to me I suppose they’d never say or do to the people they know. One night a man talking on his cell phone waved me away,then called me back with his finger a minute later, saying angrily that he was ready to order and asking where I’d been.I had waited tables during summers in college and was treated like a peon（勤杂工） by plenty of people. But at 19 years old, I believed I deserved inferior（低等的）treatment from professional adults. Besides, people responded to me differently after I told them I was in college. Customers would joke that one day I’d be sitting at their table, waiting to be served.Once I graduated I took a job at a community newspaper. From my first day, I heard a respectful tone from everyone who called me. I assumed this was the way the professional world worked--- politely and formally.I soon found out differently. I sat several feet away from a person in advertising department with a similar name. Our calls would often get mixed up and someone asking for Kristen would be transferred to Christie. The mistake was immediately clear. Perhaps it was because of money, but people used a tone with Kristen that they never used with me.My job title made people treat me with courtesy. So it was a shock to return to be the restaurant industry.It’s no secret that there’s a lot to put up with when waiting tables, and fortunately, much of it can be easily forgotten when you pocket the tips. The service industry exists to meet others’ needs. Still, it seemed that many of my customers didn’t get the difference between server and servant.I’m now applying to graduate school, which means someday I’ll return to a profession where people need to be nice to me in order to get what they want. I think I’ll take them to dinner first, and see how they treat someone whose job is to serve them.82.The author was disappointed to find that_____________？A. one’s position is used to measure one’s intelligence.B. Talented people like her should fail to get a respectable jobC. one’s occupation affects the way one is treated as a person.D. professionals tend to look down upon manual workers.83. What does the author intend to say by the example in Paragraph 2？A. Waiting tables is a hard job.B. Some customers are difficult to deal with.C. The man making a phone call is absent-minded.D. Some customers show no respect to those who serve them.84.What does the author imply by saying"... Many of my customers didn’t get the difference between server and servant (Lines 3-4, Para. 7)?A. Those who cater to others' needs are destined to be looked down upon.B. Those working in the service industry shouldn't be heated as servants.C. Those serving others have to put up with rough treatment to earn a living.D. The majority of customers tend to look on a servant as 4. server nowadays.85. The author says one day she’ll take her customers to dinner in order to _______.A. see what kind of person they areB. experience the feeling of being servedC. shoe her generosity towards people inferior to herD.arouse their sympathy for people living a humble life(D)In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington, 52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw—having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.That's a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books. But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation. They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence madeavailable in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings. And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up. Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation's early leaders and the fragile nature of the country's infancy. More significantly, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong—andyet most did little to fight it.More than anything, the historians say, the founders were hampered bythe culture of their time. While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also understood that it was part ofthe political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.For one thing, the South could not afford to part with its slaves. Owning slaves was "like having a large bank account," says Wiencek, authorof An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America. 'The southern states would not have signed the Constitutionwithout protections for the "peculiar institution," including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.And the statesmen's political lives depended on slavery. The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College. Once in office, Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803; the new land was carved into 13 states,including three slave states.Still, Jefferson freed Hemings' children—though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves. Washington, who had begun to believethat all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition ofhis relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will. Only a decade earlier, such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.86. In Paragraph 1,George Washington's dental surgery is mentionedto__________A．show the poor medical practice in the past.B．demonstrate the great cruelty of slavery in his days.C．stress the important role of slaves in the entire U.S. history. D．reveal an unknown aspect of his life and introduce the topic87.We may infer from the second paragraph that_____________.A. DNA technology has been widely applied to history research.B. In its early day. s the U. S. was confronted with delicate situations.C. historians deliberately made up some stories of Jefferson's life.D.Political compromises are easily found throughout the U. S. history.88. What do we learn about Thomas Jefferson?A. His political view changed his attitude towards slavery.B. His status as a father made him free the child slaves.C. His attitude towards slavery was complex.D. His affair with a slave ruined his reputation.89.Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?A. Some founding fathers benefited politically from slavery.B. Slaves in the old days did not have the right to vote.C. Slave owners usually had large savings accounts.D. Washington decided to free slaves due to moral considerations. Translation1.社会上，年轻人赶时髦，穿时尚衣服是常有的事。
上海上海中学高一上学期周练英语试题完整版
上海上海中学高一上学期周练英语试题集团标准化办公室：[VV986T-J682P28-JP266L8-68PNN]上海中学2017-2018学年第学期高一英语试题Choice21.The impact__________ high technology draws worldwide attention.A.onB.toC.ofD.in22.________________,the more expansive gestures you should employ when youdeliver a speech.A.The more audience there isB.The more the audience areC.As much audience as there isD.The larger the audience is23.John is really an independent boy and he tries his best to settle everyproblem_______.A.of his ownB.by his own C,for his own D.on his own24.The queen,__________ an old woman, made a poisonous apple and came tothe cottage to tempt Snow White to eat it.A,dressed in B.who was dressing like C.dressed like D.who had clotheson as25.It is reported that __________schools in the west of China are improvingtheir study environment.A.a great many ofB.the large number ofB..a great amount of D.a large number of26.Do you really mean_________a basketball player? Do you know thattraining to be a basketball player means_____________at least eight hoursevery day?A.being,practicingB.to be,practicingC.to be,to practiceD.being,topractice27.Balancing the workload of a _________job alongside a course of study can be difficult, so there is an increasing tendency for people to give up work and go back to school.A.demandingB.rewardingC.leadingD.outstanding28. I couldn’t re sist having another piece of cake ____________I was supposed to be on a diet and lose weight.A.untilB.wheneverC.asD.even if29. Your children will not follow your advice to ____________business management as his major if you ___________.A.take up,force him toB.take up,force himC.take on,force him toD.take on,force him30.The students of class 8____________a farewell party for their retired class teacher from then on.A.made a great decision to holdingB.made up their mind to holdC.were determined to holdD.decide to hold31.The machine is easy to___________，___________is shown in the pictures.A.operate on, whichB.be operated, whichC.be operated on, asD.operate, as32.Mary’s talent for music and acting led her into a(n)_________on the stage.A.workB.professionC.occupationD.career33.Although the old man insisted he ___________all right,his children all insisted he______________to hospital at once.A.was,would be sentB.was, be sentC.be,would be sentD.be,be sent34.It was the financial scandal that he was involved___________pushed him to give up his political career.A.that B，in what C.in that D. in whichans are parts of our body,____________a special function to perform.A.each of them has B,each has C.every of which has D.each of which has36.A;It will be the first time that I _____________the subject.B;Don’t worry.It will be a little difficult the first time you_________it.A.have taught,teachB.teach,have taughtC.will teach,will teachD.have taught,will teach37.Slipping off the bicycle an getting hurt,Jack asked a pass-by whether there was a drugstore around________he could buy the medicine for his broken knee,A.whereB.whenC.whichD.that38.I have a house,________ the southA.that window opensB.of which the window opens toC.whose window open toD.the windows of which opens39.E-mail is a convenient, highly informal medium for conveying message among people __________well satisfies human needs.A.what B,who C.that D.for which40.According to a report recently released by the US National Research Council,the amount of space junk flowing in Earth’s orbit has reached a critical lever_________future space mission may become too dangerous to fly.A.thatB.whereC.whose D of which41.Marco Polo,who was a great Italian traveler, traveled all the way to China,_________was then called Cathy.A.whereB.whichC.whenD.what42.He arrived in New York in 1986,____________some time later, he became a writer.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which43.It was almost midnight_________the ceremony was over.A.thatB.sinceC.when D,till44.Jenny smiled________her mother did when she was Jenny’s age.A.whatB.whereC.thatD.which45._________did you use to do________you don’t do now?A.46._______glitters is not gold not all those__________wander are lost.A.What,whoB.All that,whoC.All,thatD.What,that47.Sparking Lake in Jiuzhaigou is so beautiful a place_________people can memorize forever even it no longer exists in real life.A.thatB.whichC.asD.what48.I sent invitation to 100people to the party,__________turned up.A.of whom only a thirdB.only 30 of theseC.almost all of themD.and none of them49.There is no difficulty___________we can overcome.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.but50.Could you lend me a knife________A.which to open the canB.with which to open a canC.with which I opened the canD.with which I can use to open a canVocabularyComplete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Prederic Mishikn, who’s been a professor at Columbia Business School for almost 30 years, is good at solving problems and expressing ideas. Whether he’s sending in front of a lecture hall or engaged in a ____51______ conversion, his hands are always waving and pointing. When he was in_____52_______school,one of his professors was so annoyed bythis____53_____gesturing that he made the young economist sit on his hands whenever he visited the professor’s office.It t urns out, however, that Mishikn’s professor had it exactly wrong. Gesture doesn’t prevent but ____54_____clear thought and speech.Research______55____that the movements we make with our hands when wetalk_______56_____a kind of second language, adding information that is____57_______from our words. It is learning’s_____58_______code;Gestures reveals what we know. It also reveals what we don’t know. What’s more, the agreement(or______59_______of agreement)between what our voices say and how our hands move offers a ___60________to our readiness to learn.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four wordsorphrasesmarked A,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits thecontext.One of the big excuses for not learning languages in Britain is that when you try them out abroad, the person you are speaking to responds in__61__ English, making you feel about two feet tall—or should that be 36 cm?English people are known for their reluctance to accept changes leading to closer union with us European partners. __62__ according to organizations promoting English business, ____63_____language learning is concerned, that simply doesn’t __53__ in that 21st century.Trade Section UK aims to help British companies trading overseas. Its chief executive, Sir David Wright, says: “Language __64__ are good for business, good for jobs and help people in their career. Although many people may speak English __65__, they will usually negotiate in their own language. If we are to compete on an equal basis, it’s decisive that business ______66____ the challenge and uses languages more effectively.”The Council of Europe __67__ language learning as an important tool to improve communication and mutual understanding between individuals. The Center for Information on Language Teaching says that being able to speak __68__ language is a “basic life skill” and that the “language deficit in the UK has become an urgent economic, __69__ and political question.”The department for Education and Skills wants to __70__ teaching of modern foreign languages (MFT) at an earlier stage in the future. Primary school children will get greater __71__to foreign language learning. Currently, about 20 percent of primary schools offer MFL teaching. The Department wants to increase this __72__ by 2012 every child has an entitlement to study a language at primary school.Education and Skills secretary Estelle Morris is very __73__ about more primary schools taking up the __74__ challenge. Children are just so much more responsive___75_____an earlier age.61. A. broken B. perfect C. natural D. simple62. A. And B. But C. So D. Besides63. A. whose B. where C. which D. that64. A. technology B. Learners C. skills D. teachers65. A. at home B. in school C aboard D. Overseas66. A. takes up B. takes off C. takes over D. takes in67. A. finds B. thinks C. regards D. believes68. A. native B. local C. another D. certain69. A. physical B. mental C. spiritual D. social70. A. permit B. encourage C. demand D. challenge71. A. admission B. access C. chance D. approach72. A. in that B. that C. now that D. so that73. A. worried B. concerned C. positive D. negative74. A. language B. business C. competition D. learning75. A. to B. on C. at D. ofReading comprehension(A)I made a pledge (发誓) to myself on the way down to the vacation beach cottage. For two weeks I would try to be a loving husband and father. Totally loving. No ifs, ands or buts.The idea had come to me as I listened to a talk on my car radio. The speaker was quoting a Biblical (圣经的) passage about husbands being thoughtful of their wives. Then he went on to say, "Love is an act ofwill.A person can choose to love." To myself, I had to admit that I had been a selfish husband. Well, for two weeks that would change.And it did. Right from the moment I kissed Evelyn at the door and said, "That new yellow sweater looks great on you."Oh, Tom, you noticed," she said, surprised and pleased, maybe a little puzzled.After the long drive, I wanted to sit and read. Evelyn suggested a walk on the beach. I started to refuse, but then I thought, "Evelyn's been alone here with the kids all the week and now she wants to stay with me." We walked on the beach while the children flew their kites.So it went. Two weeks of not calling the Wall Street firm where I am a director; a visit to the shell museum though I usually hate museums. Relaxed and happy, that's how the whole vacation passed. I made a new pledge to keep on remembering to choose love.There was one thing that went wrong with my experiment, however. Evelyn and I still laugh about it today.Last night at our cottage, preparing for bed, Evelyn stared at me with the saddest expression." What's the matter" I asked her."Tom," she said in a voice filled with distress, "do you know something I don't""What do you mean"" Well...that checkup (体检) I had several weeks ago...our doctor (i)he tell you something about meTom, you've been so good to me...am I dying"It took a moment for it all to sink in. Then I burst out laughing."No, honey," I said, wrapping her in my arms. "You're not dying; I'm just starting to live."76. In the first paragraph, "No ifs, ands or buts" probably means ____.A. UnnecessarilyB. unconditionallyC. impossiblyD. unexpectedly77. During the two weeks on the beach, Tom showed more love to his wife because _____.A. she looked lovely in her new clothesB. she was seriously illC. he was determined to be a good husbandD. he had made a lot of money in Wall Street78.By saying "I'm just starting to live", Tom means that _____.A. he is beginning to feel regretful for what he did to his wifeB. he lived an unhappy life before and is now starting to changeC. he is just beginning to understand the real meaning of lifeD. he is just beginning to enjoy his life as a loving husband(B)As I was thinking about language learning the other day, the image of baking bread came into my mind．I compared some of the exercises and drills that we put ourselves through in order to learn a language to the various ingredients (原料) that go into baking a loaf of fresh bread．Real language learning takes place in human relationships．No one sits down and eats a cup of flour, even if he is hungry and in a hurry．You don' t become bilingual (双语的) by learning lists of vocabulary．You don' tbecome a speaker of a language by memorizing grammatical rules．You become bilingual by entering a community that uses that other language as its basic means of communication．I am not suggesting that we can make bread without ingredients．Flour is necessary, as are yeast (酵母), salt, water and other ingredients．Vocabulary is part of any language and will have to be learned．Grammatical rules exist in every language and cannot be ignored．But merely combining the appropriate ingredients in the recommended proportions does not result in bread．At best, you only end up with a ball of dough (面团)．In order to get bread, you have to apply heat to the dough．And in language learning, that heat comes from the community．Anyone who has learned a second language has experienced that heat．It creeps up your neck when you ask the babysitter “Have you already been eaten” when you meant to say, ‘‘Have you already eaten” When you try to say something quite innocent and the whole room bursts into laughter, you are experiencing the heat that turns raw dough into good bread．Remember the old saying, “If you can' t stand the heat, get out of the kitchen"．This is where language learning often breaks down because we find the heat uncomfortable and we stop the baking process．In other words, we can' t stand the heat, so we get out of the kitchen．However, the language learner who stays in the kitchen－in the heat－until the combined ingredients are thoroughly transformed will enjoy the richness of a quality loaf of bread. He is glad that he did not "get out of the kitchen” at the important moment when the oven seemed too hot.The dedicated language learner knows that becoming bilingual cannot be achieved without the heat.79.According to the author, you can possibly become a speaker of a language by ________．A．bearing millions of words and expressions in your mindB．using the language to communicate with those around youC．Knowing verb conjugations and grammatical rulesD．saying something innocent to be laughed at by others80.'What’s the purpose of illustration of the example-you ask the babysitter,"Have you already been eaten"When you meant to say,"Have you already eaten"A. To verify that you are sure to make some mistakes when you enter a community.B.To show that you should combine the ingredients in the recommended proportions.C. To prove that you may experience"heat"from the community in language learning.D. To indicate that being bilingual calls for your courage, confidence and perseverance.81.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the necessity of baking bread and learning language?A．Excellent Skills．B．Various ingredients．C．Appropriate proportions．D．Uncomfortable heat．(C)Like most people, I’ve long understood that I’ll be judged by my occupation, that my profession is used by people to see how talented I am. Recently, however, I was disappointed to see that it also decides how I’m treated as a person.Last year I left a professional position as a small-town reporter and took a job waiting tables. As someone paid to serve food to people, I had customers say and do things to me I suppose they’d never say or do to the people they know. One night a man talking on his cell phone waved me away,then called me back with his finger a minute later, saying angrily that he was ready to order and asking where I’d been.I had waited tables during summers in college and was treated like a peon（勤杂工） by plenty of people. But at 19 years old, I believed I deserved inferior（低等的）treatment from professional adults. Besides, people responded to me differently after I told them I was in college. Customers would joke that one day I’d be sitting at their table, waiting to be served.Once I graduated I took a job at a community newspaper. From my first day, I heard a respectful tone from everyone who called me. I assumed this was the way the professional world worked--- politely and formally.I soon found out differently. I sat several feet away from a person in advertising department with a similar name. Our calls would often get mixed up and someone asking for Kristen would be transferred to Christie. The mistake was immediately clear. Perhaps it was because of money, but people used a tone with Kristen that they never used with me.My job title made people treat me with courtesy. So it was a shock to return to be the restaurant industry.It’s no secret that there’s a lot to put up with when waiting tables, and fortunately, much of it can be easily forgotten when you pocket the tips. The service industry exists to meet others’ needs. Still, it seemed that many of my customers didn’t get the difference between server and servant.I’m now applying to graduate school, which means someday I’ll return to a profession where people need to be nice to me in order to get what they want. I think I’ll take them to dinner first, and see how they treat someone whose job is to serve them.82.The author was disappointed to find that_____________83.A. one’s position is used to measure one’s intelligence.B. Talented people like her should fail to get a respectable jobC. one’s occupation affects the way one is treated as a person.D. professionals tend to look down upon manual workers.83. What does the author intend to say by the example in Paragraph 2A. Waiting tables is a hard job.B. Some customers are difficult to deal with.C. The man making a phone call is absent-minded.D. Some customers show no respect to those who serve them.84.What does the author imply by saying"... Many of my customers didn’t get the difference between server and servant (Lines 3-4, Para. 7)A. Those who cater to others' needs are destined to be looked down upon.B. Those working in the service industry shouldn't be heated as servants.C. Those serving others have to put up with rough treatment to earn a living.D. The majority of customers tend to look on a servant as 4. server nowadays.85. The author says one day she’ll take her customers to dinner in order to _______.A. see what kind of person they areB. experience the feeling of being servedC. shoe her generosity towards people inferior to herD.arouse their sympathy for people living a humble life(D)In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington, 52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw—having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.That's a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books. But recently, many historianshave begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of thefounding generation. They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings. And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up. Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation's early leaders and the fragile nature of the country's infancy. More significantly, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong—andyet most did little to fight it.More than anything, the historians say, the founders were hampered bythe culture of their time. While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also understood that it was part ofthe political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.For one thing, the South could not afford to part with its slaves. Owning slaves was "like having a large bank account," says Wiencek, authorof An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America. 'The southern states would not have signed the Constitutionwithout protections for the "peculiar institution," including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.And the statesmen's political lives depended on slavery. The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College. Once in office, Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803; the new land was carved into 13 states,including three slave states.Still, Jefferson freed Hemings' children—though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves. Washington, who had begun to believethat all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will. Only a decade earlier, such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.86. In Paragraph 1,George Washington's dental surgery is mentionedto__________A．show the poor medical practice in the past.B．demonstrate the great cruelty of slavery in his days.C．stress the important role of slaves in the entire U.S. history. D．reveal an unknown aspect of his life and introduce the topic87.We may infer from the second paragraph that_____________.A. DNA technology has been widely applied to history research.B. In its early day. s the U. S. was confronted with delicate situations.C. historians deliberately made up some stories of Jefferson's life.D.Political compromises are easily found throughout the U. S. history.88. What do we learn about Thomas Jefferson?A. His political view changed his attitude towards slavery.B. His status as a father made him free the child slaves.C. His attitude towards slavery was complex.D. His affair with a slave ruined his reputation.89.Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?A. Some founding fathers benefited politically from slavery.B. Slaves in the old days did not have the right to vote.C. Slave owners usually had large savings accounts.D. Washington decided to free slaves due to moral considerations. Translation1.社会上，年轻人赶时髦，穿时尚衣服是常有的事。
2017-2018学年上海市上海中学高一上学期期中考试英语试题
2017-2018学年上海市上海中学高一上学期期中考试英语试题20171109高三_____班学号_________ 姓名____________ 成绩_________________第I卷(110分)I.I. Listening ComprehensionPart A Short ConversationsDirections: In Part A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Angry. B. Tired. C. Hungry.D. Disappointed.2. A. She did a survey a week ago. B. She completed her survey quickly.C. She will help him on Thursday.D. She thinks she can reduce the cost.3. A. In a grocery. B. In a warehouse.C. In a shopping mall.D. In a fashion designer's studio.4. A. He wrote it last semester. B. He'll finish it ina few minutes.C. He never does assignments early.D. He isn't going towrite it.5. A. Boss and secretary. B. Coach and athlete.C. Doctor and patient.D. Teacher and student.6. A. 10:00. B. 10:10. C. 10:20.D. 10:30.7. A. The electrician came to repair the lamp. B. The lamp was taken to the repairshop.C. She had Mike fix the lamp.D. The lamp was replaced.8. A. Studying. B. Watching television.C. Coming upstairs.D. Going to the movies.9. A. She had gone to photography class instead.B. She has not chosen a picture for it.C. She had broken her camera.D. She was unable to have her picture taken.10. A. Dick is practically the only one who thinks so.B. Most people play football differently.C. Few people are optimistic about the team's chances of winning.D. Dick is disappointed in football games.Part B PassagesDirections: In Section B, you will hear one short passage and two longer conversations. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passage and the conversations will be read twice, but the questionswill be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answerson your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you haveheard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. When directions are long. B. When directions are short.C. When homework is given.D. When your mother talks.12. A. Your pen and paper. B. A few words.C. Your mind and ears.D. Some pictures.13. A Topics or page numbers. B. Key words or a picture in mind.C. Some details.D. School assignments.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. The teenagers' strange behaviour.B. The teenagers' criticism of their parents.C. The dominance of the parents over their children.D. Misunderstanding between teenagers and their parents. .15. A. Because they want to make their parents angry.B. Because they have no other way to enjoy themselves.C. Because they have a strong desire to be leaders in style and taste.D. Because they want to show their existence by creating a culture of their own.16. A. They should be obedient. B. They should be responsible. .C. They should be cooperative.D. They should be independent. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17．A. He hadn’t found the job.B. He found a job as a teacher.C. He was preparing for final exams.D. he found a job as a writer.18. A. Writers. B. Interviewers.C. Newspaper reporters.D. Teachers.19. A. New York. B. Boston.C. California.D. Los Angeles.20. A. Continue his education. B. Start a newspaper.C. Write a book.D. Continue to find jobs.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.21.Understanding the cultural habits of another nation, especially _______ containing as many different subcultures as the United States, is a complex task.A. oneB. the oneC. thatD. those22. Because he could not find the right theme ______, his explanation was vague and unconvincing.A. which to center his thought aroundB. around which his thoughts to centerC. on which to center his thoughtsD. which he centers his thoughts on23.A: The research on the new virus vaccine is challenging and demanding. Who do you think can do the job?B: ______ my students have a try?A. ShallB. MustC. WillD. May24.I will be surprised if you can get Calvin, who is a close-fisted man, ______ these donation draw tickets from you.A. buyB. buyingC. buysD. to buy25. The man got up and shouted that he was the equal ______ any boxer at the Fair.A. atB. toC. withD. of26. The architects of the temples of ancient Rome and Greece worked anonymously (匿名地), ________the builders of the medieval cathedrals in Europe.A. as didB. as haveC. as ifD. as27.The Qingming Festival, now a national holiday, allows more people to pay their respects to dead relatives on ______ would otherwise be a workday like Friday.A. whereB. thatC. whenD. what28. In the United States and some other countries, it is the driver’s responsibility to make sure that children under fourteen do not ride in the front seat ______ they are wearing a seat belt of some kind.A. whileB. evenC. untilD. unless29.______ the U.S. has been busy consuming, Asia, China in particular, has been investing in factories and technologies, so it can produce even more goods and services to sell abroad.A. AsB. Even ifC. WhileD. Whether30.The text and dialogues below focus on cultural differences between Chinese and Western societies which can create misunderstanding if ______.A. ignoreB. to be ignoredC. ignoringD. ignored Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.From classics to moviesHe can recite Shakespeare’s Hamlet from memory. His favorite ancient myth is The Odyssey. Tom Hiddleston, 32, could have been a popular professor teaching English Literature at a university, but the well-educated British man chose (31) __________(do) something that he loved even more: acting.He’s well-known around the world as the villain Loki from the Hollywood films Thor (2011), The Avengers (2012) and now Thor: The Dark World, which will come out in China on Nov 8. Hiddleston’s role as Thor’s evil brother has led to his fans —“Hiddlestoners”— (32) __________ (refer) to him as “the most charming villain”in cinema.(33) __________ his charm, Hiddleston had a tough time (34) __________ (persuade) his scientist father that acting was a worthwhile job. As a student at Eton, a private school for upper-class kids in England, Hiddleston performed in a lot of school plays. At 18, he appeared on stage at the Edinburgh International Festival. “It was the first time that people I knew and loved and respected had come up to me after the show and said: ‘You could really do this (35) __________ you wanted to’,” Hiddleston told the Daily Mail.He said that as a teenager he didn’t have much self-esteem, but acting gave him confidence. “It was when they started saying I could do it (36) __________ I really committed to it as a possibility,” he continued. However, his father did not approve, believing his polite and bright son should be using his brains for (37) __________ else. “You’ve been educated, so why do you want to spend your life pretending to be someone else when you could be your own man?” the father told the son.So, instead of going to drama school, Hiddleston went to Cambridge, (38)__________ he studied classics. There, he continued to appear in student plays and even landed some roles on TV and in local theaters. He managed to balance his acting and his studies so well that he graduated with (39) __________ first-class degree.But Hiddleston’s international breakthrough came when he auditioned for the 2011 film Thor. He was desperate to play the title superhero, but the director decided that he was (40) __________ (suitable) for the part of the villain, Loki.In the end, his dark and powerful performance won over his father. It also earned him some important fans in the film industry: Steven Spielberg and Woody Allen. The two world-famous directors asked him to star in their award-winning films War Horse (2011) and Midnight in Paris (2011), respectively.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the word in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.What is it about Americans and food? We love to eat, but we feel ____41______ about it afterward. We say we want only the best, but we strangely enjoy junk food. We’re obsessed with health and weight loss but face an unprecedented epidemic of obesity(肥胖). Perhaps the ____42______ to this ambivalence(矛盾情结) lies in our history. The first Europeans came to this continent searching for new spices but went in vain. The first cash crop(经济作物) wasn’t eaten but smoked. Then there was Prohibition, _____43_____ to prohibit drinking but actually encouraging more ____44______ ways of doing it.The immigrant experience, too, has been one of inharmony. Do as Romans do means eating what “real Americans” eat, but our nation’s food has come to be _____45_____ by imports — pizza, say, or hot dogs. And some of the country’s most treasured cooking comes from people who arrived here in shackles.Perhaps it should come as no surprise then that food has been a medium for thenation’s defining struggles, whether at the Boston Tea Party or the sit-ins at southern lunch counters. It is integral to our concepts of health and even morality whether one refrains from alcohol for religious reasons or evades meat as a political ____46______.But strong opinions have not brought ____47______. Americans are ambivalent （矛盾的） about what they put in their mouths. We have become ____48______ of our foods, especially as we learn more about what they contain.The ____49______ in food is still prosperous in the American consciousness. It’s no coincidence, then, that the first Thanksgiving holds the American imagination in such bondage(束缚). It’s what we eat — and how we _____50_____ it with friends, family, and strangers — that help define America as a community today.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Now elsewhere in the world, Iceland may be spoken of, somewhat breathlessly, as western Europe's last pristine wilderness. But the truth is, once you're off the 51 track of the low-lying coastal areas where everyone lives, the roads are few, and they're all bad, 52 Iceland's natural wonders have been out of reach and unknown even to its own 53 . For them the land has always just been there, something that had to be dealt with and, if possible, 54 —the mind-set being one of land as commodity rather than land as, well, priceless art on the scale of the " Mona Lisa".When the opportunity arose in 2003 for the national power company to enter into a 40-year 55 with the American aluminum company Alcoa to supply hydroelectric power for a new smelter （冶炼厂）, those who had been dreaming of something like this for decades 56 the opportunity. For a long time, life here had meant little more than a hut, dark all winter, cold, no hope, children dying left and right, plagues, starvation, volcanoes erupting and destroying all vegetation and livestock,all spirit— a world 57 almost entirely around the welfare of one's sheep and, later, on how good the cod catch was. In the outlying regions, it still largely does. Ostensibly, the Alcoa project was intended to save one of these dying regions — the remote and sparsely populated east— where the way of life had steadily 58 to a point of desperation and gloom. After fishing quotas (定额) were 59 in the early 1980s to protect fish stocks, many individual boat owners sold their allotments or gave them away, fishing rights ended up mostly in the hands of a few companies and small fishermen were virtually 60 . Technological advances drained away even more jobs previously done by human hands, and the people were seeing everything they had worked for all their lives turn out to be 61 and their children move away. With the old way of life doomed, aluminum projects like this one had come to be perceived, wisely or not, as a last chance. "Smelter or death."The contract with Alcoa would infuse the region with foreign 62 , an estimated 400 jobs, and spin-off service industries. It also was a way for Iceland to develop expertise that 63 could be sold to the rest of the world and 64 an economy historically dependent on fish. “We have to live,” Halldor Asgrimsson said. Halldor, a former prime minister and longtime member of parliament from the region, was a driving 65 behind the project. “We have a right to live.”51. A. beaten B. explored C. expired D. centered52. A. so B. when C. if D. as53. A. government B. inhabitants C. countryside D. scale54. A. designed B. retained C. exploited D.preserved55. A. stage B. contract C. transition D. prosperity56. A. gave up B. jumped at C. rushed to D. made up57. A. revolving B. developing C. Stirring D. Initiating58. A. transferred B. declined C. grew D. reformed59. A. preferred B. presented C. resisted D. imposed60. A. wiped out B. held up C. kept down D. put aside61. A. priceless B. superficial C. worthless D. negative62. A. investment B. Exclusion C. invasion D. landscape63. A. socially B. immediately C. accidentally D. potentially64. A. stabilize B. wreck C. diversifyD. consolidate65. A. force B. wheel C. instructor D. signalSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.( A )If you intend to use humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses' convention, of a story which workswell because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. “Who is that?” the new arrival asked St. Peter. “Oh, that's God,” came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks he's a doctor.”If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn't attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural, include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote “If at first you don't succeed, give up” or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.66. To make your humor work, you should_________.A. take advantage of different kinds of audienceB. make fun of the disorganized peopleC. address different problems to different peopleD. show sympathy for your listeners67. The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are________.A. impolite to new arrivalsB. very conscious of their godlike roleC. entitled to no privilegesD. very busy even during lunch hours68. It can be inferred from the text that public services______.A. have benefited many peopleB. are the focus of public attentionC. are an inappropriate subject for humorD. have often been the laughing stock( B )Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviews who wore (展示) their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men believed in journalism as a calling （使命）, and were proud to be published in the daily press. 'So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,' Newmanwrote “that I am tempted to define” journalism “as a term of contempt（轻蔑）applied by writers who are not read to writers who are”.Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England's foremost classical-music critics, and a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.Is there any chance that Cardus's criticism will enjoy a revival? The prospect seems remote. Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly polished Vicwardian（维多利亚和爱德华时代）prose in which he specialized. Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.69. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 thatA. arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers.B. English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews.C. high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers.D. young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies.70. Newspaper reviews in England before World War 2 were characterized by ___________.A. free themes.B. casual style.C. elaborate layout.D.radical viewpoints71. Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on?A. It is writers' duty to fulfill journalistic goals.B. It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.C. Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.D. Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.72. What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?A. His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.B. His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.C. His style caters largely to modern specialists.D. His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.( C )The most prevalent use of intelligence test scores is to predict degree of academic success. Such scores are used in some communities as bases for admitting able children to schools at ages younger than normal, and they are very generally used to determine admissions to schools beyond public secondary school. Another use common in elementary schools involves comparing such scores with performances in various subjects to identify children who are working below capacity.The greatest problem in using intelligence tests for the purpose of prediction is that no dependable criterion(标准) of their accuracy exists. The ideal criteria would be objective and reliable achievement tests following instruction in each subject, but there are few such tests, especially at the college level. Studies have shown that correlations(相关度) between intelligence tests and achievement tests in various subjects through secondary school range roughly from 0.5 to 0.8. Such correlations are fairly high, but they do not suggest anywhere near complete agreement.At the college level there are two major tests used as criteria of admission. By far the more important is the College Entrance Examination, constructed by the Educational Testing Service authorized by the College Entrance Examination Board. These tests are returned to the Educational Testing Service for scoring, and the results are then made available to the various colleges authorized by the students to receive them. The second test of this type is the American College Test, which operates in essentially the same fashion.Both tests constitute measures of certain skills, abilities, and knowledge that have been found to be related to success in college. Their correlations with academic success are limited for three outstanding reasons. First, measures of achievement in college are themselves perhaps no more reliable than those in elementary and secondary schools. Second, intellectual factors do not alone determine academicsuccess, especially at the college level. Many students drop out of schools because they are inadequately motivated or because they dislike the instructional program. Third, correlations are lowered because the use of such tests for denying admission to some students means that the range of scores for those admitted is restricted, and such restrictions tend to reduce correlation.73. The intelligence scores can be used in the following way EXCEPT ______.A. telling in advance the degree of academic successB．admitting intelligent children to school at the age younger than ordinary C．finding out children working below capacity in primary schoolsD．selecting pupils by public secondary schools74.What can be inferred from the second paragraph?A. The standards for the evaluation of college students’ academic achievements need to be improved.B. The correlations between intelligence and achievement tests in middle schools are not as high as predicted.C. Intelligence test scores can help predict accurately the degree of students’academic success.D. The high correlations can prove that the results of academic tests exactly agree with intelligence test scores.75.What can we learn about the two major tests for college admission?A. The papers of the College Entrance Examination are set by the College Entrance Examination Board.B. The American College Test is of the same importance as the College Entrance Examination.C. The results of the two examinations will be sent to colleges with the students’permission.D. The College Entrance Examination is as fashionable as the American College Test.76.Which of the following does not account for the reduction of the correlation between the two admission tests and the academic success in college?A. Measures of students’ achievements in collegeB. Students’ motivations for and interest in their studyC. Some students’ being refused the admission to the collegeD. The popular use of the intelligence testSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentence than you need.Most people look forward to retirement as a time when they can finally take up activities that they never had the time or energy to pursue before. ___77____. They suggest that retirees are more likely to suffer from depression and possibly higher rates of other diseases such as heart disease and high blood pressure. That’s why a new study of French workers is welcome news.Led by Hugo Westerlund, a professor of psychology at Stockholm University, the study of more than 14,000 workers found lower rates of depression and fatigue in people after they got retired than while they were still employed. ___78____. They found in the year immediately after retirement, the volunteers reported 40% fewer depressive symptoms than they had in the year before their retirement. The researchers also found an 81% drop in reports of both mental and physical fatigueover the same time period.___79___. The decline in depressive symptoms suggests that retirement may be having a positive mental effect, too, which may have a lot to do with the generous pensions that French workers enjoy. Most retirees in that country still benefit from about 80% of their yearly salaries.“The economic or financial situation in retirement is very important,”Westerlund says. “We don’t know if the decrease in fatigue and depressive symptoms is because of the removal of something bad while in work or the addition of something good while in retirement. But no matter the reason, if life in retirement is not comfortable, then we won’t see the improvements we did.”_____80_____ With less of a financial safety net, workers may no longer seem so mentally and physically happy to be out of work.IV．Summary Writing (10%)Directions:Read the following passage. Summarize the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.It is a common sight on campus or in the streets: a young person rides by on an electric scooter, traveling quickly and proudly. But Beijing’s traffic authorities have said that starting on Sept.5, people who are caught riding electric scooters on public roads or bicycle lanes will be fined 10 yuan. They will also be given a warning not to use the vehicles on public roads again.The announcement was made after traffic police in Shanghai started a campaign to get electric scooters off public roads, with police officers stopping riders because the scooters could cause traffic problems.The Beijing Consumer Association said it had tested more than 20 electric scooters of different brands recently and found that most had substandard brakes. It added that 16 of the tested scooters could go faster than the maximum 20 km per hour set for electric bikes. According to the traffic police, people who ride electric scooters at certain speeds can easily bump into the vehicles in the vehicle lane and hurt people who walk in the bicycle lanes.But seeing the benefits that electric scooters have brought to young people,。
最新上海市2017-2018年高一12月月考英语试题
最新上海市2017-2018年高一12月月考英语试题高一 12 月英语考试卷一．阅读理解（共20 小题；每题 2 分，满分40 分）阅读下边短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(ABC 和 D) 中，选出最正确选项。
AIn the US, people prefer waiting for a table to sitting with people they don?t know. This means ahostess may not seat a small gr oup until a small table is available, even if a large one is. If you aresitting at a table with people you don?t know, it is impolite to light up a cigarette without firstasking if it will disturb them.At American restaurants and coffee shops you are usually served tap (水龙头)water before youorder. You may find the bread and butter is free, and if you order coffee, you may get a freerefill( 重续 ).Most cities and towns have no rules about opening and closing time for stores or restaurants,though they usually do make rules for bars. Especially in large cities, stores may be open 24 hoursa day.Serving in restaurants is often large; too large for many people. If you can?t finish your meal butwould like to enjoy the food later, ask your waitress or waiter for a“ doggie bag” . It may picture of a dog on it, but everybody knows you?re taking the food for yourself.Tips are not usually added to the check. They are not included in the price of the meal, either.A tip of about 15% is expected and you should leave it on the table when you leave. In somerestaurants, a check is brought on a plate and you put your money there. Then the waiter or waitressbrings you your change.1． Which statement is TRUE?A. American people like sitting with people they don?t know.B. Hostess always seats a small group at a large table.C. American people never sit with people they don?t know.D. American people would not light a cigarette if the people who sit at the same table mind their smoking.2． What is served before you order?A. Cold water.B. Butter.C. Coffee.D. Bread.3． What do American people always do when servings are too large for them?A.They take the food home with a doggie bag for their dogs.B.They leave the food on the table and go away.C.They take the food home with a doggie bag and enjoy the food later.D.They ask the waitress or waiter to keep the food for them.BEven when you?re extremely busy, you aren?t using your time with 100% efficiency. There are gap s in everyone?s schedule where they aren?t doing anything important. Even if your schedule has no gaps, there is probably lots of time when you aren?t working as fast or as effectively as you possibly could.Why aren?t you completely eff icient? It?s because time isn?t the limiting factor. If it were thelimiting factor, people could work non-stop without breaks or any unproductive distractions( 消遣 ). Instead, people, even those who are highly productive, need to take breaks, occasionally procrastinate (迟延 ) and slow down on tasks throughout the day.The real and most important limiting factor for productivity is your energy levels to pay attention.Energy levels limit your productivity because when you?re tired, you can have enough time andstill not get everything done. Your attention ability is also limited, because even if there are a million things that need to be done, you can only focus on one or two at a time.You might not be able to insert another 4-5 hours into your schedule without making some sacrifices（牺牲） . But even extremely busy people can add an hour or two into their schedule without cancelling anything. The reason why it?s hard to “ findtime ”isn?t a lack of time. It?s because you don?t have enough energy left to focus on something else that needs to fit into your day.I first suspected time wasn?t the real problem during an extremely busy period in my life over a year ago. I was extremely busy, but at that time I still exercised regularly. I had daily to-do listswith over twenty items, and I still found time to exercise. However, after a few weeks off, because of illness, I stopped exercising. I was not busy by any standards, in fact, my schedule was very light. Despite this free time, I found it hard to find time to exercise. It seemed to get pushed later and later into my schedule until it was gone. How can I explain this strange experience? Ib elieve you have known it.4． If someone can?t work wit h 100% efficiency, the most important limiting factor is ________.A. a schedule without gapsB. breaks and distractionsC. the limited timeD. the limited energy5． According to Paragraph 4, everyone, including the extremely busy people, can ________.A. work without any restB. focus on many things at a timeC. find some more time in a dayD. do some exercise regularly6． The writer gives the example of himself in the last paragraph in order to ________.A. prove what the real limiting factor isB. show us how busily he needs to workC. explain how important a healthy body isD. tell us what a strange experience he has7． What is the best title of the passage?A. Do You Really Lack Time?B. How Can You Work Efficiently?C. What Makes Your Energy Limited?D. When Should You Do Exercise?CThe Brown BearMy wife Laura and I were on the beach, with three of our children, taking pictures of shore birds near our home in Alaska when we saw a bear. The bear was thin and small, moving aimlessly.Just a few minutes later, I heard my daughter shouting, “ Dad!The bear is right behind us!” Angressiveag bear will usually rush forward to frighten away its enemy but would suddenly stop at the last minute. This one was silent and its ears pinned back---- the sign ( 迹象 ) of an animal that is going in for the kill. And it was a coldApril day. The bear behaved abnormally, probably because of hunger.I held my camera tripod ( 三脚架 ) in both hands to form a barrier as the bear rushed into me. Its huge head was level with my chest and shoulders, and the tripod stuck across its mouth. It bit down and I found myself supporting its weight. I knew I would not be able to hold it for long.Even so, this was a fight I had to win: I was all that stood between the bear and my family, who would stand little chance of running faster than a brown bear.The bear hit at the camera, cutting it off the tripod. I raised my left arm to protect my face; the beast held tightly on the tripod and pressed it into my side. My arm could not move, and I sensed that my bones were going to break.Drawing back my free hand, I struck the bear as hard as I could for five to six times. The bear opened its mouth and I grasped its fur, trying to push it away. I was actually wrestling ( 扭打 ) with the bear at this point. Then, as suddenly as it had begun, the fight ended. The bear moved back toward the forest, before returning for another attack----- The first time I felt panic.Apparently satisfied that we caused no further threat, the bear moved off, destroying a fence as it went. My arm was injured, but the result for us could hardly have been better. I?m proud that my family reminded clear-headed when panic could have led to a very different result.8.The brown bear approached the family in order to _________.A. catch shore birdsB. start an attackC. protect the childrenD. set up a barrier for itself9.The bear finally went away after it _________.A. felt safeB. got injuredC. found some foodD. took away the camera10. The writer and his family survived mainly because of their _________.A. prideB. patienceC. calmnessD. carefulness第二节（共 5 小题；每题 2 分，满分 10 分）依据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项，选项中有两项为剩余选项。
2017-2018上海建平中学高三上英语周练三(教师用)
2017 学年度第一学期高三英语周二练习 2017.9.19II.Grammar and Vocabulary(20%)Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.In the 1960s, the Word Health Organization(WHO) began a campaign to get rid of the mosquitoes that transmit the disease malaria. It was a noble goal, since malaria kills a(n) (21) (estimate) 3 million people each year in the world's tropical regions, mainly southern Africa. WHO led an effort to spray the mosquitoe's habitat with a chemical pesticide---a poison used to kill insects---called DDT. Early results were promising and the mosquito (22) (eliminate)from the edge of its native range. The effort soon faltered, however, and the killing plan was drooped. How was it (23) a tiny mosquito could spoil the best efforts of a large group ofwell-funded scientists?Situations like this one (24) (occur) dozens of times in the last several decades. In acommon scenario, whenever a new type of pesticide is used to control agricultural pests, the early results are encouraging. A relatively small amount of the poison dusted onto a crop may kill 99% of the insects. However, the relatively few survivors of the first pesticide wave are insects with genes (25) somehow enable them to resist the chemical attack. The poison kills most membersof the insect population, (26) (leave) only the resistant individuals to reproduce. And (27)they do, their offspring inherit the genes for pesticide resistance. In each generation, the proportion of pesticide-resistant individuals in the insect population increases, making subsequent spraying (28) (effective).(29) the widespread use of chemical pesticides began in the 1940s, scientistshave documented pesticide resistance in more than 500 species of insects. The problems such insects pose—through their impact on agriculture and medicine—are just some of the many ways that evolution has a direct connection to our daily lives. Everywhere, all the time, populations of organisms are fine-tuning adaptations (30) local environments through the evolutionary process of natural selection. Given the dynamics of Earth and its life, it is not surprising that even the kinds of organisms on the planet---the species---have changed over time.Section BDirections : Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.For almost 5,000 years, cities changed little. Then their growth, in size and number, was so rapid that it has been called an urban revolution or urban explosion.In 1700, less than 2 percent of the population of Great Britain lived in cities, but by 1900, the majority of the British did so.Other European countries and the United States soon 31 the same level of urbanization in an even shorter period. Today, these and other Western countries are 32 the most urbanized in the world, along with many Latin American countries, which have become mostly urbanized in more recent years.The major stimulus to the urban explosion was the Industrial Revolution. It triggered a series of related events, 33 by sociologist Philip Hauser (1981) as population explosion, followedby population explosion and population implosion, and then by technophile. Industrialization first causes a rise in production growth, and the mechanization of fanning brings about an agricultural surplus. Fewer farmers can support more people---and thus larger urban populations . Workers no longer 34 on the farms move to the city.There is, then, displacement of people from rural to urban areas( population displosion) and a greater 35 of people in a limited area (population implosion). The development of other new technologiess purs on urbanization. Improved transportation, for example, speeds the 36 of food and other materials to urban centers.The 37 of these events was the industrial city. Compared with the preindustrial city, the industrial city was larger, more densely settled and more diverse. It was a place where large numbers of people—with a wide range of skills, interests, and cultural backgrounds---could live and work together in a(n) 38 C space. Also, unlike the preindustrial city, which had served 39 as a religious or government center, the industrial city was a commercial hub. In fact, its abundant job opportunity attracted so many rural migrants that migration 40 for the largest shareof its population growth. Without these migrants, cities would not have grown at all because of the high mortality rate brought about by extremely poor sanitary conditions.III.Reading ComprehensionSection A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B. C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that bestfits the context.We've all heard the dangers of helicopter parenting. Remaining too 41 in a kid's life, especially throughout college, can lead to depression, lack of self-reliance and feelings of entitlement.Superficially, this wisdom is sound. But some academics and educators now say they see signs of a troubling backlash(反冲) .The concern: wasnings that moms and dads should 42 “the overparenting trap”---are discouraging parents from getting invovled at all.Yes, parents can be intrusive. 43 , there are increasing examples of parents refusingto step up when students genuinely need their family. One mom kept 44 (about her son's signs of depression until right before he failed a semester. She did not want t“ohelicopter in.”That means colleges, which have spent the past decade learning t4o5 parents who get too involved, now have a different 46 . But the solution to both is the same: devising ways to channel moms and dads into the right kind of 47 role. Much of this began because schools were forced to cope with a generation of students48 with their parents like never before, thanks to smart phones. And with 49 in education soaring, university leaders have started to view parents as investment partners. Most of them have paid for this education for their children or gone into debt for this education. And in some sense, they*re entitled to know and be assured that colleges are 5 0 their children's welfare.Crucially, parent-outreach programs have also served as buffers(缓冲), 51students---or worse, their professors~the discomfort of the nagging. At the University of Maryland, for example, the parent office has handled for 52 weekly academic-progress reports, which do not exist in higher education^ Parents just want to know they have a place to go where someone will listen totheir concerns.But now, with some moms and dads cautious of even contacting the school in the first place, those same programs are being used to encourage a more balanced approach, often via blogs, email and Facebook. Parents are now advised to be a guide, whileacknowledging that the 53 owns the journey. That means asking questions, listening to answers, being patient and trusting kids to resolve their own problems. But if issues 54 , or if a student is in serious mental or physical danger, it also means hopping in the chopper, at least for a little while. hink about it, helicopters are usefultools,”says Chelsea Petree, who is launching a parent-outreach program. 'They can see things we on the 55 can't see and get to emergencies quicker thanwe can. They can swoop in when needed “.T he key is that they go back up ”. 41. A. B involved C detached D .enclosed42. A. Set B sense C .avoid D . ensure43. A. Besides B. Similarly C .Actually D. However44. A. alert B. quiet C informed D. unaware45. A. cope with B . keep off C .turn down D. settle down46. A. attitude B . problem C . approach D. nature47. A. supportive B . informative C . neutral D. superior48. A. identified B matched C obsessed D. connected49. A. complaints B . costs C . demands D. sufferings50. A. Taking careof B. keeping track of C . looking forward to D. taking part 51. A. Costing B . winning C .granting D. sparing52. A. Demands B passion C .distracti D. priorities53. A. professor B . parent C .student D. college54. A. persist B exist C .arise D. decline55. A. surface B. ground C .panel D. craftSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.Louisianans believe in leading a healthy lifestyle that is actively involved in preserving the earth's environment and resources. According to Louisianans, respect for one's own mental and physical health should exist in parallel with care for the earth's ecology. They believe their actions, in this way, can have a positive effect on our global environment and might be able to reverse the negative effects of mindless, selfish consumption.On the road, Louisianans tend to prefer bicycles as a means of transportation, since bikes produce no pollution, take up less space than cars, and allow riders to simultaneously exercise and commute to and from work or school. Off the road, Louisianans want to enter eco-friendly structures. Therefore, favored buildings for them will be those using water, electricity, and other resources more efficiently. This can be achieved through employing “ green buildingtechniques, including well-thought-out design and the use of environmentally friendly materials, .such as organic paint and heat-insulating tiles. Although these green practices are not likely to bring immediate benefits to the environment and the health of people today, Louisianans are confident that these practices will benefit their children and future generations.As more consumers are adopting LOHAS values, the corporate world has started to respond to this growing trend by beginning to practice responsible capitalism, which means providing goodsand services using environmentally friendly and economically sustainable business practices. For instance, McDonald's switched its packaging for its hamburgers from plastic foam to paper in the early 1990s because the latter is biodegradable. Coca-Cola's efforts in the area of sustainable packaging focus mainly on “ usingless ”an d “ reusingm ore. ”In 2006, Coca-Cola redesigned its glass bottle to extend its life cycle and reduce its impact on the environment. As a result, the company saved 89,000 metric tons of glass in 2007 alone, and, therefore, reduced carbon dioxide emissions to a level equivalent to that of the planting of more than 13,000 acres of trees.Clearly, LOHAS values have become a significant trend in the world today. Individual or corporate “cultural creatives” are promoting these values by challenging old traditions, kicking . old habits, and building new lifestyles. In the LOHAS philosophy, this is an era for change and for revolutionary concepts that benefit the mind and body. It is an era in which all individuals should evolve into Louisianans and take action to save the planet, before it is too late.56.Which of the following statements is the main idea of the reading?A.More and more people are taking action to stop the earth from being destroyed.B.Nowadays, most customers are very concerned with their own health.C.Many corporations are following environmentally friendly business practices.D.A new lifestyle focusing on health and sustainability has become a growing trend.57.People who believe in and practice the LOHAS philosophy do not .A.prefer more environmentally friendly means of transportation.B.take action to protect and preserve the environmentC.emphasize the immediate benefits of their actions.D.favor buildings that use less energy.58.Which of the following practices may a corporate LOHAS follower perform?A.Redesign the packaging of a product to increase the consumption of resources.e environmentally friendly business practices to provide products to consumers.C.Avoid using biodegradable packaging because it costs a lot of money.D.Offer employees rich foods, such as hamburgers and soft drinks.59.We can infer from the reading that the author's attitude toward LOHAS is most likely to beA.pessimisticB. negativeC. affirmativeD. indifferent(B)Bring your staff to our special Mediaeval Knight School for a company event they won 't forget. Our experienced knights will tell you about the history of Warwick Castle and will take you back tobows and arrows. For more information, contact our P S o a r l s e c s h T e e h a a m s. unique history in motor racing and engineering innovation. The Porsche Museum in Stuttgart, Germany has around BO of the most famous Porsche models in the history of the company. Children can take part in the “MuseumRallye ”, which is a quiz relating to the exhibits. There is also a special children 's audio4guide, which is available in several languages. They can learn about the exhibitions in any order and at their own speed. It serves to present the excitement and variety of the Porsche brand to the children from all over60.Which of the following statements is not true according to the brochure?A.Sleepovers are offered at the Natura' lHistory Museum (NHM) to attract children to it.B.Porsche wants to attract children to the museum to help advertise the cars.C.To inspire children to become future engineer is one aim of Porsche Museum.D.Visitors have the opportunity to recognize different dinosaurs in NHM.61.Which of the following activities is not available in the Porsche Museum?A.Listening to a recorded guide.B.Learn about the exhibits at their own pace,C.Taking part in a model car race.D.Participating in a quiz,panies use the Mediaeval Knight School at Warwick Castle .A.to learn about sales techniques.B.to teach staff toC.to help team building.D.to help the staff remember the experience.(C)Every few years, there 'as h ot new management strategy that promises to make employees happier, healthier and more productive. To that end, we've seen the rise of positions like “chief happiness officer” as well as workplace dogs and on-site meditation. But while employers may have improved the office itself, they have not solved the stress of leaving it: the crushing tide of emails and IMs, which---thanks to the rise of smart phones—can pull us back to work, anytime, anywhere. Now, in an effort to prevent burnout, a growing number of employers have started to suggest ways in which employees should unplug their connected devices. The automaker, Volkswagen,in collaboration with its union, set its servers to stop mobile email service for some works from 30 minutes after quitting time until 30 minutes before starting time.These measures may sound dramatic and possibly impractical, but there is data to suggest they are needed A recent research suggests that limiting the number of times a day that we check email or work-chat services—from, say, 10 or 20 to three or four---cannot only reduce stress levels but also increase overall productivity, But in order for any solution to succeed, workers have to be willing to regulate their own habits And that is especially tough in a country like the U.S, ，where being super busy, or at least appearing to be super busy, is a point of pride. Even if more U.S. employers were to implement the kinds of limits that V olkswagen do, experts are skeptical that they'd work. 4i If the social norm is to be on all the time, you don't want to be the odd one out/ '，s a yNse Awn Jg e rlsae Lye-baanseeydmarketing consultant, adding that some bosses will think less of employees for not answering email after work hours, even if they say they won't.Moreover, dictating when and how employees should use their connected devices willinevitably hamper many workers. There are plenty of people who do their best work at 3 a.m. In fact, a majority of working adults say that being able to check work email at home makes it easier to get more done; many also said it improved their relationships with colleagues.For now, it seems, the best way for employers to foster a fulfilled, productive workforce is to be flexible, both inside and outside the office. One example, although Andy Mon fried, the CEO and founder of Lotame, a New York-based data-managementc ompany, says those kinds of time limits wouldn't work for his business—it 'toso global —he does give his employees flexibility on 5U when and where they can work. Hes also vigilant about burnout. I vowed that I would not create a company where people had the Sunday-night blues—the kind where you go to bed sick to your stomach,he says.“ I tell people that if that 's happening repeatedly, i'ts a sign of work-life imbalance and they should come talk to me”.63.To stop employees from getting exhausted, employers tried to .A.promise to make their staff happier and more productive.B.allow pet dogs in the office.C.encourage meditation in workplace.D.suggest ways to disconnect their mobile devices.63. Which of the following statement is TRUE according to the article?A.Employers will find ways to regulate workers, working habits.B.U.S. experts cast doubt on the feasibility of limiting connected time.C.U.S. employers won^ think of contacting employees after work.D.Volkswagen's policies will also apply to U.S. companies.64.The underlined word ‘Hamper', is closest in meaning to .A. facilitateB. handicapC.relieveD. toughen65.Which of the following can be inferred from the article? A.There seems to be no right way to unplug from work.B.Flexibility on when and where to work is the best way to avoid burnout.C.Employees applaud the way to cut down their connected time.D.Impractical as the measures sound, they will work well for employers.Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Distance or face-to-face learning -wha'ts the difference?Although many people think it is a modem phenomenon, distance learning has been around for at least 200 years in one form or another.When comparing the two systems, the first and most obvious area to focus on is the way that learning is delivered. Distance learning is heavily dependent on technology, particularly the internet. (67) In comparison, when learning remotely, technology is the principalmeans of communication. The flexibility this provides means that students may bebetter able to learn at their own pace, following their own timetable, but it may also mean that learners have to be well-organized and self-disciplined. They must therefore be highly motivated in order to do well on the distance-learning courses.(68) Namely, the teacher is the ‘knower',, and is responsible forhelping studentsunderstand the key components of the course. However, the nature of the relationship may differ slightly within the two modes of delivery. With face-to-face learning, the teacher and student have the opportunity to develop a personal relationship through lectures, seminars and tutorials. This is different from a distance-learning course, where the teacher may seldom or indeed never actually meet the student This may makeit hard for teachers to understand their learners' specific learning needs.(69) Generally, students like to meet regularly and talk to people on the same course.However, this kind of interaction on a distance-learning course is less common. Although people can increasingly interact through online conversations and message boards, there is a significant difference between virtual and real interaction. Time and geography must also be considered when contrasting these two types of learning. Face-to-face learning must take place in real-time and in one location.In conclusion, it is difficult to state whether one form of learning is better than another, as they cater for different audiences. What is important to understandis the different ways in which they operate, and that there are strong similarities between the two systems, which can both produce positive results.A. Historical examples of long-distance learning include students being sent a series of weekly lessors by post.B.Conversely；distance learning can happen at any time and in any location, since the learning is not restricted by geography.C.On a face-to-face course, students may only require a computer for the purpose of writing an essay.D.The technological, advances of the past 20 or so years have meant that distance learning is now able to rival face-to-face learning as a credible alternative.E.For many students, interaction with their peers is one of the best aspects of university education.F.In terms of the teacher-student relationship, the core principles remain the same.IV.S ummary Writing (10%)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.An endangered species is a group of animals that could soon become extinct Extinction happens when the last of the species has died out and there will be no more. Many species are nearly extinct and could disappear off the face of the earth very soon if we don't do anything to save them. There are many reasons why species become endangered but most of them are due to humans. However, there are things that we can do to save endangered species.Habitat destruction is the main reason why animals become endangered and this happensin two ways. When humans move into a new area, the animals'habitat is destroyed and there is nothing to eat because humans chop down trees and build houses and farms.Animal habitats are also destroyed because of pollution. Chemicals in rivers and poisons on farms cause the destruction of habitats and animals can no longer live there.Endangered species are also the result of hunting and fishing. Animals are killed for their fur, bones or skin, or just for sport Some seal species are now on the verge of extinction because they are killed for their fur to make coats. Tigers are shot to make medicine and tea fromth eir bones, and crocodiles are caught to make bags and shoes. Overfishing means that large sea creatures like whales, tuna and sharks haveall become endangered species, because too many are caught to make things like shark's fin soup.So what can individuals and governments do to protect animal and plant species frombecoming endangered? We should take care not to pollute natural areas, and farmers or companies who destroy animal habits should face a financial penalty. Governments can help, too, by making it against the law to hunt, fish or trade in endangered species. If we all cooperate by taking these steps, we will protect our planet so that our children and their children can enjoy it too.V.Translation(15%)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.缺乏足够的训练让他与金牌失之交臂。
2016-2017上海市上海中学2017届高三上学期周练英语试题( 3 )
上海中学高三英语周练分析Section A17. Luckily, the bullet narrowly missed the captain __________ an inch .A. byB.atC.toD. from18. Understanding the cultural habits of another nation, especially _______ containing as many different subcultures as the United States, is a complex task.A. oneB. the oneC. thatD. those19. The little boy walked in slowly lifting a stone______________.A. half of his weightB. half by his weightC. half his weightD. half weight of his20. The customers complained that not only ___________high, but he didn’t do a good repair job.A.he chargedB.was he chargedC.did he chargeD.he was charged21. The conference in Copenhagen _____ to bring the US and China into a global agreement, but produced nothing of substance.A. originally intendedB. intended originallyC. was originally intendedD. was originally intending22. A giant of a man was sitting next to the door, who, when he rose to greet me, _______ nearly seven feet tall.A. standingB. stoodC. was standingD. stands23. The government has listed a number of tourist attractions, including some____ significant sites.A. historicB. historicalC. historicallyD. historian24. The vast flood plain, known as the American bottom, stretches as far to the north and south as ____ can see.A. eyeB. an eyeC. the eyeD. one’s eyeSection B(A)Many a young person (25)_________(tell) me he wants to be a writer. I always encourage such people, (26)_________ I also explain tha t there’s a big difference between “being a writer” and writing. In most cases individuals are dreaming of wealth and fame, not the long hours alone at a typewriter. “You’ve got to want to write,” I say to them, not want to be a writer.”The reality is that writing is a lonely, private and poor-paying affair. For every writer kissed by fortune there are thousands more(27)_________ longing is never rewarded. When I left a 20-year career in the US Coast Guard to become a freelance writer(自由撰稿者), I had no prospects at all. What I did have was a friend who found me a room in (28)_________ apartment building in New York. It didn’t even matter that it was cold and had no bathroom. I immediately bought used manual typewriter and felt like a genuine writer.After a year or so, however, I still hadn’t got a break and began to doubt myself. It was so hard to sell a story(29)_________ I barely made enough to eat. But I knew I wanted to write. I had dreamed about it for years, I wasn’t going to be one of those pe ople who die wondering. What if? I would keep putting my dream to the test---(30)________ ________ it meant living with uncertainly and fear of failure. This is the shadowland of hope, and any one with a dream must learn to live there.(B)Every year dozens of films are released,yet(33)____________are forgotten after six months ?Movies come and go,as throwaway as popcorn bags left on the floor of a cinema.But of those fe w films that do stay in people‘s minds,there is one that is truly―evergreen‖.(34)______you‘re young or old,or wherever you are in the world,the1939classic Gone with the Wind never seems to become unpopular.December2015the film celebrated its75th birthday. The movie is based on a best-selling book of the same name by US author Margaret Mitchell.Holly wood was soon interested in turning the novel into a movie.The story(35)______in the periods before,during and after the American Civil War(1861-6 5),(35)______the war is more of a backdrop(背景)to the story than an important part of it.The story is about relations between members of high-class southern families.At the heart of the film is Scarlett O‘Hara.Beautiful and strong-willed,Scarlett is in lovewith a man,Ashley Wilkes,whose heart belongs to(36)______,Melanie Hamilton.Still,she triesto win Ashley‘s heart.One man,Rhett Butler,is especially interested in Scarlett.Rhett is as wild in his own way as she is.But although she flirts(调情)with Rhett,and despite the fact that she eventually marries him,she never really loves Rhett.It‘s only when she finally realizes that she can‘t have Ashley(37) ______she turns back to her husband.But,(38)______anyone who has seen the movie will know,by that point Rhett doesn‘t want her back and Scarlett is left with nobody(39)______(love).This Civil War period piece repaid the time and effort of the filmmakers who worked on it. Over two decades,it held the record for making the most money of any film ever(40)______ (make).It‘s the kind of movie that every studio dreams of making.Section CDirection: Complete following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.In the world of entertainment, TV talk shows have undoubtedly ___41_____ every inch of space on daytime television. And anyone who watches them ____42___ knows that each one varies in style and format. But no two shows are more profoundly opposite in ____43___, while at the same time standing out above the rest, than the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey shows.Jerry Springer could easily be considered the king of "trash talk". The topics on his show are as shocking as shocking can be. For example, the show takes the ever-common talk show themes of love, sex, cheating, guilt, hate, conflict and morality to a different level. ___44___, the Jerry Springer show is a display and __45____ of society's moral catastrophes, yet people are willing to eat up the intriguing predicaments (困境)of other people's lives.Like Jerry Springer, Oprah Winfrey takes TV talk show to its ___46___, but Oprah goes in the opposite direction. The show focuses on the improvement of society and an individual's quality of life. Topics range from teaching your children responsibility, managing 'your work week, to getting to know your neighbors.Compared to Oprah, the Jerry Springer show looks like poisonous waste being dumped on society. Jerry ends every show with a "final word". He makes a small speech that sums up the entire ___47___ of the show. Hopefully, this is the part where most people will learn something veryvaluable.___48___ as it is, the Oprah show is not for everyone. The show's main ___49__ audience are middle-class Americans. Most of these people have the time, money, and stability to deal with life's tougher problems. Jerry Springer, on the other hand, has more of an association with the young adults of society. These are 18 to 21-year-olds whose main troubles in life involve love, relationship, sex, money and peers. They are the ones who see some value and lessons to be learned underneath the show's exploitation.While the two shows are as different as night and day, both have ___50__ the talk show circuit for many years now. Each one caters to a different audience while both have a strong following from large groups of fans. Ironically, both could also be considered pioneers in the talk show world. III. Reading ComprehensionSection A CloseAs crime skyrockets in many communities, people are finally beginning to look for long-lasting, effective answers to stem the tide of juvenile crime. Reaching the youth who have committed a crime before they become 51 criminals is an essential step in 52 the crime trend. One possible solution may be the establishment of teen court.Unlike a trial court (初审法院), teen court is known as a 53 court for youths who have committed an offense. Teen courts primarily deal with 54 offenders. After arrest, the young offender must plead guilty to the 55 in teen court. With the teen court's permission, the offender agrees to be sentenced and abide by the decision of a peer jury (陪审团) of the same age. For example, a county teen court in Illinois gives young offenders a chance to 56 their arrests from their permanent record by performing community service or other 57 ordered by the court. 58 , as an essential component to the sentence, the offender must sit in on one or more future peer juries to 59 a sentence foe other offenders. It should be pointed out that a judge is present to 60 the proceedings of the court.The teen court 61 the strain on the regular court system and has been implemented in 426 communities since the first teen court opened in Odessa, Texas. 62 giving the offender a second chance, it gives the youth a chance to participate in the legal 63 .The 64 purpose of the teen court is to educate and motivate both the offenders and the teen volunteers while simultaneously promoting better communication between the accused, the 65 , the police and the legal system. By offering this alternative system, teen court allows those teens who have made a bad decision an opportunity to recognize their mistake and learn from it.51. A. suspicious B. hardened C. amateur D. famous52. A. reversing B. following C. reflecting D. starting53. A. civilian B. supreme C. sentencing D. lower54. A. violent B. convicted C. persistent D. first55. A. charge B. murder C. mercy D. defense56. A. prevent B. escape C. clear D. move57. A. jobs B. roles C. penalties D. duties58. A. However B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Instead59. A. announce B. determine C. serve D. receive60. A. overlook B. instruct C. oversee D. rule61. A. accelerates B. suffers C. increases D. eases62. A. Apart from B. In spite of C. Rather than D. Because of63. A. progress B. process C. access D. profession64. A. exclusive B. principal C. legal D. internal65. A. community B. county C. school D. court（A）It has been thought and said that Africans are born with musical talent. Because music is so important in the lives of many Africans and because so much music is performed in Africa, we are inclined to (倾向于……) think that all Africans are musicians. The impression is strengthened when we look at ourselves and find that we have become largely a society of musical spectators(旁观者). Music is important to us, but most of us can be considered consumers rather than producers of music. We have records, television, concerts, and radio to fulfill many of our musical needs. In most situations where music is performed in our culture it is not difficult to distinguish the audience from the performers, but such is often not the case in Africa. Alban Ayipaga, a Kasena semiprofessional musician from northern Ghana, says that when his flute (长笛) and drum ensemble (歌舞团) is performing. “Anybody can take part.”This is true, but Kasena musicians recognize that not all people are equally capable of taking part in the music. Some can sing along with the drummers, but relatively few can drum and even fewer can play the flute along with the ensemble. It is fairly common in Africa for there to be an ensemble of expert musicians surrounded by others who join in by clapping, singing, or somehow adding to the totality of music sound. Performances often take place in an open area (that is, not on a stage) and so the lines between the performing nucleus and the additional performers, active spectators, and passive spectators may be difficult to draw from our point of view.66. The difference between us and Africans, as far as music is concerned, is that________.A) most of us are consumers while most of them are producers of musicB) we are musical performers and they are semiprofessional musiciansC) most of us are passive spectators while they are active spectatorsD) we are the audience and they are the additional performers67. The word “such” (Line 6) refers to the fact that ________.A) music is performed with the participation of the audienceB) music is performed without the participation of the audienceC) people tend to distinguish the audience from the performersD) people have records, television sets and radio to fulfill their musical needs68. The author of the passage probably agrees that ________.A) all Africans are musical and therefore much music is performed in AfricaB) not all Africans are born with musical talent although music is important in their livesC) most Africans are capable of joining in the music by playing musical instrumentsD) most Africans perform as well as professional musicians69. The best title for this passage would be ________.A) The Importance of Music to African PeopleB) Differences Between African Music and Music of Other CountriesC) The Relationship Between Musicians and Their AudienceD) A Characteristic Feature of African Musical PerformancesBIs there a magic cutoff period when offspring become accountable for their own actions? Is there a wonderful moment when parents can become spectators (旁观者) in the lives of their children and shrug, "It' s their life," and feel nothing?When I was in my twenties, I stood in a hospital corridor waiting for doctors to put a few stitches in my son' s head. I was asked, "When do you stop worrying?" A nurse said, "When they get out of the accident stage." My mother just smiled faintly and said nothing.When I was in my thirties, I sat on a little chair in a classroom and heard how one of my children talked incessantly, disrupted (打断) the class, and was headed for a career making license plates. As if to read my mind, a teacher said, "Don't worry. They all go through this stage, and then you can sit back, relax, and enjoy them." My mother listened and said nothing.When I was in my forties, I spent a lifetime waiting for the phone to ring and the cars to come home, the front door to open.My friends said that when my kids got married I could stop worrying and lead my own life. I wanted to believe that, but I was haunted by my mother' s wan ( 淡淡的) smile and her occasional words, "You look pale. Are you all right? Call me the minute you get home."Can it be that parents are sentenced to a lifetime of worry? Is concern for one another handed down like a torch to blaze the trail of human frailties and the fears of the unknown? Is concern a curse? Or is it a virtue that elevates us to the highest form of life?One of my children became quite irritable recently, saying to me, "Where were you? I' ve been calling for three days, and no one answered. I was worried! ! !"I smiled a warm smile.70. The author intends to tell us in the passage that_________A. Parents long for a period when they no longer worry about their children.B. There is no time when parents have no worry about children.C. It’s parents’ duty to worry about their children.D. Parents don’t have to worry about their children.71. We can infer from the sentence “My mother just smiled faintly and said nothing.” that_________A.Her mother shared the same idea as the nurseB. Her mother wouldn’t express her opinion upon the matterC. Her mother felt relieved to know there was nothing serious about her grandsonD. Her mother didn’t agree with the nurse72. The author mentioned her ages of twenties, thirties, forties, and fifty in order to show_________A. the hard time she experiences in her life.B. the different stages of her childrenC. she had been worrying about her children in her life.D. the support she received from her mother.73.What can we infer from the sentence “ I smiled a warm smile” ?A. Finally the mother didn’t need to worry about the children.B. The mother was pleased that her child began to worry about her, too.C. At last, the mother could live her own life without worry.D. The mother felt satisfied that she had succeeded in turning her children into adults.COf all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War Ⅱ, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are’ .”Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England’s foremost classical-music critics, and a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.Is there any chance that Cardus’s criticism will enjoy a revival? The prospect seems remote. Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.74. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that __________.A. arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers.B. English-language .newspapers used to carry more arts reviews.C. high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers.D. young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies.75. Newspaper reviews in England before World War Ⅱ were characterized by __________.A. free themes.B. casual style.C. elaborate layout.D. radical viewpoints.76. Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on?A. It is writers’ duty to fulfill journalistic goals..B. It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.C. Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism,D. Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.77. What would be the best title for the text?A. Newspapers of the Good Old DaysB. The Lost Horizon in NewspapersC. Mournful Decline of JournalismD. Prominent Critics in MemoryAir travel has come a long way since that momentous day on 17 Dec.1903, when Wilbur Wright successfully achieved something no one had accomplished—powered flight. However, little did Wilbur and his younger brother Orville know that their invention would create an industry that would enable millions to not only fly 120ft ( as the brothers did ) but thousands of miles.Since then there have been hundreds of commercial airlines that have attempted to make money out of the Wright brothers’ invention. 78 According to Flight Global, there have been 267 airline failure since 2009.79 ,But according to the International Air Transport Association, things may be about to change for the better. ITAT has raised its profit estimate for global carriers to 2.5 billion pounds this year. Although this is still some 50% below last year’s profits, ITAT predicts next year’s total profit could rise to around 4.6 billion. So, could this be a buying opportunity for investors?80 ,They fly aircraft. They sell seats on the aircraft to passengers and capacity for cargo. That’s it. However, hidden beneath the simplicity is operational gearing(经营杠杆）—airlines have to recover high overhead costs before they can make money.That’s why the recession has been so damaging for many under capitalized airlines .Many ran out of money as the economic slowdown cut demands for air travel. Consequently, many airlines were forced to fly their planes even when it was uneconomical to do so. 81 . Low-cost airlines seem to have unlocked the secret of operational gearing by driving ticket prices lower through complicated yield management programs(收益管理项目）that aim to maximize the return.Keys:78-81:B C D (AB)中译英1.在涉及到公司的利益之处，我们永远不会轻易放弃。
上海市上海中学2018届高三上学期周练英语试题(二) Word版含答案
上海中学高三周考II. Grammar (10’)Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.A great deal of attention (1)_________ (pay) today to the so-called digital divide--the division of the world into the info(information) rich and the info poor at present. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was(2)_______ (visible) then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic.There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. (3)______ the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access-after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet (4)_______(net) together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow (5)______ ______widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet(6)______well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we've ever had.Of course, the use of the Internet isn't the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential.(7)_________(take)advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries(8)________ still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure(the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States. When the United States built(9)________industrial infrastructure, it didn't have the capital to do so. And that is(10)_______ America's Second Wave infrastructure- including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on-were built with foreign investment.1.is being paid2.less visible3.As4.will be netted5.rather than6.may7.To take8. that9.its 10.whyIII. Vocabulary (10’)Directions:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Do note that there is one word more than you need.A. sympathyB. B. heartfeltC. C. valuedD. D. termsE. E. serveF. F. complimentG. distractionH. thirstedI.I. obligation J. devoted K. affectionI’m a 50-something male, the father of two mostly grown girls. I’m happy to say that both my parents are still kicking. I’m on good1 with my brothers and sisters most of the time. I am blessed with good friends and other relations, and tend to get on well with my co-workers. I am fortunate in so many ways, but feel like I consistently disappoint everyone I know.I cannot, for the life of me, give a genuine 2 . It simply doesn’t come naturally. When I try, and I do, in order to maintain all the relationships, it feels forced, more a matter of 3 than a gift that might put wind in the sails of someone I truly care for. I feel strongly that giving should spring from joy, or at least from a 4 desire to see the recipient enlivened by it. When I have nothing to offer in response to a job well done, everyone loses. I feel like I’ve twisted the emotional and social development of my children, alienated (疏远) any number of perfectly wonderful lovers, and generally kept the world at arm’s length.After years of psychotherapy and the obsessive (强迫症) self-examination common to my generation, I believe I know where this meanness of spirit comes from. Six kids in total, at a very tender age, there were five younger, cuter kids standing between me and the object of our 5 . Mama was driven to 6 , to put it mildly, by the demands placed on her, but it was the 1950s and she set a selfless and hardy example. I had complete 7 for her difficult situation, even at the time. The fact remains, however, that, as a young child, I needed more than I got. I 8 for my mother’s attention. I needed to know that she 9 me as more than her helper, her strong little man. I clearly recall, at the ripe old age of 7, coming to the conclusion that I would never get it. "That’s OK," I reckoned, "I can get by without it". "it" being her love.You can imagine the sibling rivalry in a big family. Eventually I took haven in the written word to get away from it. But even before I learned to read, I had realized that giving any sign of approval or encouragement to my brothers and sisters could only 10 to increase the gulf between me and my mom. Does that make sense? I can ratio nalize otherwise, of course, and now we’re all "one big happy family", but the damage is done. l want to be gracious and giving, but when I even think to reach into that purse, however, it’s pretty much empty.答案D F I B KG A H C EIV. Cloze (15’)Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.A true story of retirement planning is that your future is riding on the quality of your assumptions. Humble __1__ can be dangerous.For example, eight years into this bull market expecting stocks to deliver as-strong returns over the next decade is an uncertain proposition many are nonetheless __2__.Another potential __3__ assumption is that you will be able to keep working past 65. Yet the recently released 2017 Retirement Confidence Survey by the nonpartisan Employee Benefit Research Institute finds that more than half of workers say they expect to still be on the clock past age 65. By __4__, less than 15 percent of today’s retirees kept working that long.“If you plan on working longer as a way to get by in retirement, you are going to be in trouble,” says Craig Copeland, senior research associate at EBRI. “It should be a complement to a soli d savings and spending plan, not the __5__.”It’s simply too __6__ to assume you will indeed be able to work longer. A survey by the Transamerica Center for Retirement Studies found that nearly two-thirds of retirees left the workforce earlier than expected because they were laid off, reorganized out of a position, or due to general unhappiness with a job. Only 16 percent of retirees who __7__ the work force earlier than they expected did so because they felt they could __8__ afford to.__9__, a new report from Prudential puts a dollar value on why your current employer may not be inclined （倾向于）to do back flips to keep an older you happy and engaged. The estimated one-year cost to a firm when an employee __10__ retirement: $50,000.Prudential estimates that on a company-wide level, delayed retirement can __11__ overall workforce costs by 1 percent to 1.5 percent. That’s not nothing. And it goes a long way in explaining why employers may be more inclined to focus on “financial wellness” strategies to get worke rs ready to retire __12__ than programs to help workers delay retirement.Fewer than one-third of employees surveyed by TCRS report their employer has some sort of “transition” program such as flexible work schedules, reduced hours or __13__ to a different role.“Workers’ vision of retirement is changing faster than employers’ business __14__,” said Catherine Collinson, president of TCRS. That makes it ever more crucial for pre-retirees to take the steps today that will increase that __15__ they can continu e to work longer, if that’s part of the plan.1. A. pessimism B. optimism C. concern D. consideration2. A. relying on B. casting on C. accounting on D. falling on3. A. reliable B. possible C. flawed D. unlikely4. A. contrary B. compromise C. compliment D. contrast5. A. foundation B. basement C. founding D. construction6. A. ridiculous B. sensible C. risky D. logical7. A. extended B. exited C. existed D. remained8. A. economically B. mentally C. financially D. physically9. A. However B. Therefore C. Nevertheless D. Moreover10. A. delays B. expects C. gets D. decides11. A. decrease B. influence C. increase D. transform12. A. later B. sooner C. faster D. slower13. A. shifting B. altering C. ranging D. functioning14. A. deals B. practices C. customs D. operations15. A. abilities B. capabilities C. chances D. outputs1-5 BACDA 6-10 CBCDA 11-15 CBABCV. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The Paris climate agreement finalised in December last year heralded(预示着…的到来) a new era for climate action. For the first time, the world’s nations agreed to keep global warming well below 2℃.This is vital for climate-vulnerable nations. Fewer than 4% of countries are responsible for more than half of the world’s gr eenhouse gas emissions. In a study published in Nature ScientificReports, we reveal just how deep this injustice runs.Developed nations such as Australia, the United States, Canada, and European countries are essentially climate “free-riders”: causin g the majority of the problems through high greenhouse gas emissions, while incurring(招致) few of the costs such as climate change’s impact on food and water. In other words, a few countries are benefiting enormously from the consumption of fossil fuels, while at the same time contributing disproportionately to the global burden of climate change.On the flip side, there are many “ forced riders”, who are suffering from the climate change impacts despite having scarcely contributed to the problem. Many of the world’s most climate- vulnerable countries, the majority of which are African or small island states, produce a very small quantity of emissions. This is much like a non-smoker getting cancer from second-hand smoke, while the heavy smoker is fortunate enough to smoke in good health.The Paris agreement has been widely hailed as a positive step forward in addressing climate change for all, although the details on addressing “climate justice” can be best described as sketchy.The goal of keeping global temperature rise “well below” 2 degree is commendable(值得称赞的) but the emissions- reduction pledges submitted by countries leading up to the Paris talks are very unlikely to deliver on this.More than $100 billion in funding has been put on the table for supporting developing nationsto reduce emissions. However, the agreement specifies that there is no formal distinction between developed and developing nations in their responsibility to cut emissions, effectively ignoring historical emissions. There is also very little detail on who will provide the funds or, importantly, who is responsible for their provision. Securing these funds, and establishing who is responsible for raising them will also be vital for the future of climate-vulnerable countries.The most climate-vulnerable countries in the world have contributed very little to creating the global disease from which they now suffer the most. There must urgently be a meaningful mobilization(组织，动员) of the policies outlined in the agreement if we are to achieve national emissions reductions while helping the most vulnerable countries adapt to climate change.And it is clearly up to the current generation of leaders from high-emitting nations to decide whether they want to be remembered as climate change tyrants or pioneers.1. The author is critical of the Paris climate agreement because .A) it is unfair to those climate-vulnerable nationsB) it aims to keep temperature rise below onlyC) it is beneficial to only fewer than 4% of countriesD) it burdens developed countries with the sole responsibility2. Why does the author compare the “forced riders” to second-hand smokers?A) They have little responsibility for public health problems.B) They are easily affected by unhealthy environmental conditions.C) They have to bear consequences they are not responsible for.D) They are unaware of the potential risks they are facing.3. What does the author say about the $ 100 billion funding?A) It will motivate all nations to reduce carbon emissions.B) There is no final agreement on where it will come from.C) There is no explanation of how the money will be spent.D) It will effectively reduce greenhouse emissions worldwide.4. What urgent action must be taken to realize the Paris climate agreement?A) Encouraging developing nations to take the initiative.B) Calling on all the nations concerned to make joint efforts.C) Pushing the current world leaders to reach agreement.D) Putting in effect the policies in the agreement at once.1. A2. C3. B4. D(B)With the coming of big data age, data science is supposed to be starved for, of which the adaption can point a profound change in corporate competitiveness. Companies, both born in digital era and traditional world are showing off their skills in data science. Therefore, it seems to have been creating a great demand for the experts of this type.Mr Carlos Guestrin, machine learning professor from university of Washington argues that all software applications will need inbuilt intelligence within five years, making data scientists – people trained to analyze large bodies of information –key workers in this emerging “cognitive” technology economy. There are already critical applications that depend on machine learning, a subfield of datascience, led by recommendation programs, fraud detection system, forecasting tools and applications for predicting customer behavior.Many companies that born digital – particularly internet companies that have a great number of real-time customer interactions to handle – are all-in when it comes to data science. Pinterest, for intense, maintains more than 100 machine learning models that could be applied to different classed of problems, and it constantly fields requests from managers eager to use this resource to deal with their business problem.The most important factor weighing on many traditional companies will be the high cost of launching a serious machine-learning operation. Netflix is estimated to spend $150m a year on a single application and the total bill is probably four times that once all its uses of the technology are taken into account.Anotherproblem for many non-technology companies is talent. Of the computer science experts who use Kaggle, only about 1,000 have deep learning skills, compared to 100,000 who can apply other machine learning techniques, says Mr Goldbloom. He adds that even some big companies of this type are often reluctant to expand their pay scales to hire the top talent in this field.A third barrier to adapting to the coming era of “smart” applications, however, is likely to be cultural. Some companies, such as General Electric, have been building their own Silicon Valley presence to attract and develop the digital skills they will need.Despite the obstacles, some may master this difficult transition. But companies that were built, from the beginning, with data science at their center, are likely to represent serious competition.1. What cannot be inferred from the passage about the machine learning?A. Machine learning operations are costly in Netflix.B. Machine learning plays an important role in existent applications.C. Machine learning experts are not highly paid in some non-technology companies.D. Machine learning models are not sufficient to solve business problems in Pinterest.2. The underlined word in the 3rd paragraph “fields” most probably means ____.A. avoidsB. createsC. solvesD. classifies.3. Which one is the biggest obstacle for many traditional companies to begin a machine-learning operation?A. High costB. Expert crisis.C. Technological problemsD. Customer interactions.D CA(C)Dr. Donald Sadoway at MIT started his own battery company with the hope of changing the world’s energy future. It’s a dramatic endorsement for a technology most people think about only when their smartphone goes dark. But Sadoway isn’t alone in boasting energy storage as a missing link to a cleaner, more efficient, and more equitable energy future.Scientists and engineers have long believed in the promise of batteries to change the world. Advanced batteries are moving out of specialized markets and creeping into the mainstream, signaling a tipping point for forward-looking technologies such as electric cars and rooftop solar panels.The ubiquitous （无所不在的）battery has already come a long way, of course. For better or worse, batteries make possible our mobile-first lifestyles, our screen culture, our increasingly globalized world. Still, as impressive as all this is, it may be trivial compared with what comes next. Having already enabled a communications revolution, the battery is now poised to transform just about everything else.The wireless age is expanding to include not just our phones, tablets, and laptops, but also our cars, homes, and even whole communities. In emerging economies, rural communities are bypassing the wires and wooden poles that spread power. Instead, some in Africa and Asia are seeing their first lightbulbs illuminated by the power of sunlight stored in batteries.Today, energy storage is a $33 billion global industry that generates nearly 100 gigawatt-hours of electricity per year. By the end of the decade, it’s expected to be worth over $50 billion and generate 160 gigawatt-hours, enough to attract the attention of major companies that might not otherwise be interested in a decidedly pedestrian technology. Even utility companies, which have long viewed batteries and alternative forms of energy as a threat, are learning to embrace the technologies as enabling rather than disrupting.Today’s battery breakthroughs come as the world looks to expand modern energy access to the billion or so people without it, while also cutting back on fuels that warm the planet. Thosesimultaneous challenges appear less overwhelming with increasingly better answers to acenturies-old question: how to make power portable.To be sure, the battery still has a long way to go before the nightly recharge completely replaces the weekly trip to the gas station. A battery-powered world comes with its own risks, too. What happens to the centralized electric grid, which took decades and billions of dollars to build, as more and more people become “prosumers,” who produce and consume their own energy on site?No one knows which—if any—battery technology will ultimately dominate, but one thing remains clear. The future of energy is in how we store it.1. What does Dr. Sadoway think of energy storage?A. It involves the application of sophisticated technology.B. It is the direction energy development should follow.C. It will prove to be a profitable business.D. It is a technology benefiting everyone.2. What is most likely to happen when advanced batteries become widely used?A. Mobile-first lifestyles will become popular.B. The globalization process will be accelerated.C. Communications will take more diverse forms.D. The world will undergo revolutionary changes.3. In some rural communities of emerging economies, people have begun to______.A. find digital devices simply indispensableB. communicate primarily by mobile phoneC. light their homes with stored solar energyD. distribute power with wires and wooden poles4. What does the author imply about the centralized electric grid?A. It might become a thing of the past.B. It might turn out to be a “prosumer”。
2016-2017上海市上海中学2017届高三上学期英语周练试题(2)
上海中学高三英语周练1 Listening（第一部分听力）略Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the blanks, use one world that best fits each blank.(A)Exercise makes you work up an appetite, right? Not according to new research, which shows that a brisk 45-minute workout in the morning actually decreases a pers on’s desire for food. Say what?Scientists at Brigham Young University put 35 women through a vigorous morning walk on a treadmill, then measured their brain wave activity as they viewed images of food. The experiment __25__ (repeat) two days later, this time without the workout.The result: On workout days, the subject’s neural activity was __26__ (responsive) to food than non-workout days, but they are about the same amount. The results were consistent for obese and normal weight subjects, __27__ (sug gest) that the common assumption __28__ exercise makes you hungry doesn’t hold.While this is one of the first studies __29__ (measure) neural activities after exercise, scientists still need to determine how long the diminished interest in food __30__ last post-exercise.If you want to try the experiment on __31__, make sure your workout is pretty vigorous. Previous research has found that intense aerobic exercise, like jogging, may suppress (压抑) your appetite for up to three hours __32__ reducing levels of hunger hormones produced in your tummy.So the next time hunger pangs makes it hard for you to stick with your diet, try boosting the intensity of your workouts.(B)I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car __33__ (break) down near a remote and poor village. Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I found myself __34__ (surround) by the villagers who were arguing as to __35__ should have the have the honor of receiving me __36__ a guest in their house. Finally, I accepted the offer of an old woman who lived alone in a little house. While she was getting me __37__ (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometres away __38__ there was a garage.I had noticed three hens running free in my hostess’s courtyard and that night one of __39__ ended up in a dish on my table. Villagers brought me goat's cheese and bone. We drank together and talked merrily till far into the night.When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman __40__ the trouble I had caused there.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.What is your dream? What is the goal that you have set for yourself and are working to achieve? Realizing your dreams is not an easy __41__.Last fall I decided to write a new book for my publisher. Writing a book is a __42__ goal, which got off to a terrific start last October. The writing is flowing well. Then I got sick. In fact, I got ill that I needed surgery and the __43__ was long and exhausting. I did not work from the first week of November until the second week of January. By then I was nervous about meeting the April __44__ for submitting the new manuscript to my publisher.Worried, I asked my author friends for some help, and they gave me this key piece of advice, “Let’s start writing!” they all said. So I did. It was not an immediate __45__ to my depression, but after a few weeks of__46__, I got back to normal. Several people in my circle of supporters helped me make some good connections and I got the book __47__, and to the publisher on time. It was an exciting goal for me to reach, so I took my family to Hawaii as my __48__.Sometimes you __49__ your own dreams because of self-doubt, fear, or external complications. You can think of many different excuses to __50__ those dreams aside, but, if you go after your dreams, your world will become more exciting and you will begin to live a more passionate and meaningful life.So, now, take a minute to write down three goals you want to accomplish this year.Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phase marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fit the context.In business, there is a speed difference: It’s the difference between how important a firm’s leaders say speed is to there competitive strategy (策略) and how fast the company actually moves. The difference is important __51__ industry and company size. Companies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the __52__.In our study of 343 businesses, the companies that chose to go, go, go to try to gain an edge ended with lower sales and operating incomes than those that __53__ at key moments to make sure they were on the right __54__, What's more, the firms that "slowed down to __55__" improved their top and bottom lines, averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating incomes over a three-years period.How did they __56__ the laws of business, taking more time than competitors yet performing better? They thought __57__ about what "slower" and "faster" mean. Firms sometimes __58__ to understand the differencebetween operation speed (moving quickly) and strategic speed (reducing the time it takes to deliver value). Simply increasing the speed of production, for example, may be one way to try to reduce the speed difference. But that often leads to reduced value over time, in the form of lower-quality products and services.In our study, high performing companies with strategic speed always made changes when it is __59__. They became more __60__ to idea and discussion. They encouraged new ways of thinking. And they allowed time to look and learn. __61__, performance suffered at firms that moved fast all the time, paid too much attention to improving __62__, stuck t o tested methods, didn’t develop team spirit among their employees, and had little time thinking about __63__.Strategic speed __64__ as a kind of leadership. Teams that __65__ take time to get things right are more successful in meeting their business goals. That kind of strategy must come from the top.51.A. according to B. regardless of C. due to D. instead of52.A. profit B. product C. speed D. method53.A. paused B. developed C. persevered D. engaged54.A. situation B. track C. occasion D. duty55.A. look on B. keep up C. hold back D. speed up56.A. learn B. discover C. disobey D. prefer57.A. strangely B. abstractly C. entirely D. differently58.A. fail B. attempt C. pretend D. desire59.A. convenient B. necessary C. emergent D. incredible60.A. alert B. restless C. open D. specific61.A. In short B. By contrast C. Above all D. All in all62.A. welfare B. technology C. efficiency D. condition63.A. qualities B. standards C. competitors D. changes64.A. serves as B. stands for C. refers to D. deals with65.A. temporarily B. extensively C. naturally D. regularlySection BDirection:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Frederic Mishkin, who's been a professor at Columbia Business School for almost 30 years, is good at solving problems and expressing ideas. Whether he's standing in front of a lecture hall or engaged in a casual conversation, his hands are always waving and pointing. When he was in graduate school, one of his professors was so annoyed by this constant gesturing that he made the young economist sit on his hands whenever he visited the professor's office.It turns out, however, that Mishkin's professor had it exactly wrong. Gesture doesn't prevent but promotes clear thought and speech. Research demonstrates that the movements we make with our hands when we talkform a kind of second language, adding information that's absent from our words. It's learning's secret code: Gesture reveals what we know. It reveals what we don't know. What's more, the agreement (or lack of agreement) between what our voices say and how our hands move offers a clue to our readiness to learn.Many of the studies establishing the importance of gesture to learning have been conducted by Susan Goldin-Meadow, a professor of psychology at the University of Chicago. "We change our minds by moving our hands," writes Goldin-Meadow in a review of this work. Particularly significant are what she calls "mismatches" between oral expression and physical gestures. A student might say that a heavier ball falls faster than a light one, for example, but make a gesture indicating that they fall at the same rate, which is correct. Such differences indicate that we're moving from one level of understanding to another. The thoughts expressed by hand motions are often our newest and most advanced ideas about the problem we're working on; we can't yet absorb these concepts into language, but we can capture them in movement.Goldin-Meadow's more recent work strews not only that gesture shows our readiness to learn, but that it actually helps to bring learning about. It does so in two ways. First, it elicits (引出) helpful behavior from others around us. Goldin-Meadow has found that adults respond to children's speech-gesture mismatches by adjusting their way of instruction. Parents and teachers apparently receive the signal that children are ready to learn, and they act on it by offering a greater variety of problem-solving techniques. The act of gesturing itself also seems to quicken learning, bringing new knowledge into consciousness and aiding the understanding of new concepts. A 2007 study by Susan Wagner Cook, an assistant professor of psychology at the University of Iowa, reported that third-graders who were asked to gesture while learning algebra (代数) were nearly three times more likely to remember what they'd learned than classmates who did not gesture.66. According to Paragraph 1, Frederic Mishkin was asked to sit on his hands because ____.A. he could litter express his ideas that wayB. he always pointed his finger at his professorC. his professor did not like his gesturingD. his gestures prevented his professor from thinking67. How is gesturing important in acquiring knowledge?A. It draws tasteful responses from others and increases learning speed.B. It promotes second language learning and quickens thinking.C. It provides significant clues for solving academic problems.D. It reduces students' reliance on teachers' instruction.68. What can be inferred from the passage about gesture-speech mismatches?A. They can stimulate our creativity.B. Instructors should make full use of them.C. Teachers can hardly explain new concepts without them.D. They serve as a stepping stone to solving real life problems.69. What could be the best title of the passage?A. Hand Motions, a Second LanguageB. Gesturing: Signal of UnderstandingC. New Uses of GesturingD. The Secret Code of Learning(B)The coast of the State of Maine is one of the most irregular in the world. A straight line running from the southernmost coastal city to the northernmost coastal city would measure about 225 miles. If you followed the coastline between these points, you would travel more than ten times as far. This irregularity is the result of what is called a drowned coastline. The term comes from the glacial (冰川的) activity of the Ice Age. At that time, the whole area that is now Maine was part of a mountain range that towered above the sea. As the glacier descended, however, it applied enormous force on those mountains, and they sank into the sea.As the mountains sank, ocean water charged over the lowest parts of the remaining land. And the highest parts of the former mountain range, nearest the shore, remained as islands. Marine fossils found here are 225 feet above sea level indicating the level of the shoreline prior to the glacier.The 2,500-mile-long rocky and jagged coastline of Maine keeps watch over nearly 2,000 islands. Many of these islands are tiny and uninhabited, but many are home to blooming communities. Mt. Desert Island is one of the largest, most beautiful of the Maine coast islands left behind by the glacier. Measuring 16 miles by 12 miles, Mt. Desert was very nearly formed as two distinct islands. It is split almost in half by Somes Sound, a very deep and very narrow stretch of water seven miles long.For years, Mt. Desert Island, particularly its major settlement, Bar Harbor, has afforded summer homes for the wealthy. Recently, though, Bar Harbor has become a new arts community as well. But the best part of the island is the unspoiled forest land known as Acadia National Park. Since the island sits on the border between two different geographical zones, the park supports the plants and animals of both zones. It also lies in a major bird migration lane and is a resting spot for many birds.The establishment of Acadia National park in 1916 means that this natural monument will be preserved and that it will be available to all people, not just the wealthy. Visitors to Acadia may receive nature instruction from the park naturalists as well as enjoy camping, hiking, cycling, and boating. Or they may choose to spend time at the museum learning about the Stone Age inhabitants of the island.70. The large number of small islands along the coast of Maine is the result of _______.A. the drowning of the Maine coastlineB. glacier's forcing mountains into the seaC. the irregularity of the Maine coastlineD. ocean water's flooding the mountain range71. From the passage, we learn that _______.A. the coastline of Maine is ten times longer after the Ice AgeB. there are more than 2500 islands along the Maine coastlineC. Mt. Desert Island has been broken apart by a 7-mile-long water stretchD. an arts community gave way to the summer homes on Mt. Desert Island72. What CANNOT be inferred about the Acadia Nation Park?A. It welcomes all the people, rich or poor.B. It has much appeal for bird-watching lovers.C. It offers visitors both entertainment and education.D. It is a border between the two geographical zones.73. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. The past and the present of MaineB. The formation of Maine coastlineC. Efforts for preserving national parksD. Tourist attractions on Mt. Desert Island(C)Many critics worry about violence on television, most out of fear that it stimulates viewers to violent or aggressive acts. Our research, however, i ndicates that the consequences of experiencing TV’s symbolic world of violence may be much more far-reaching.We have found that people who watch a lot of TV see the real world as more dangerous and frightening than those who watch very little. Heavy viewers are less trustful of their fellow citizens, and more fearful of the real world. Since most TV “action-adventure” dramas occur in urban settings, the fear they inspire may contribute to the current flee of the middle class from our cities. The fear may also bring increasing demands for police protection, and election of law-and-order politicians.While none of us is completely dependent upon television for our view of the world, neither have many of us had the opportunity to observe the reality of police stations, courtrooms, corporate board rooms, or hospital operating rooms. Although critics complain about the fixed characters and plots of TV dramas, many viewers look on them as representative of the real world. Anyone who questions that statement should read the 250,000 letters, most containing requests for medical advice, sent by viewers to “Marcus Welby, M. D. ” —a popular TV drama series about a doctor— during the first five years of his practice on TV.Violence on television leads viewers to regard the real world as more dangerous than it really is, which must also influence the way people behave. When asked, “Can most people be trusted?” the heavy viewers were 35 percent more likely to choose “Can’t be too careful. ”Victims, like criminals, must learn their proper roles, and televised violence may perform the teaching function all too well. Instead of worrying only about whether television violence causes individual displays of aggression in the real world, we should also be concerned about social reality. Passive acceptance of violence may result from far greater social concern than occasional displays of individual aggression.We have found that violence on prime-time (黄金时段) network TV cultivates overstated (夸大的) assumption about the threat of danger in the real world. Fear is a universal emotion, and easy to exploit. The overstated sense of risk and insecurity may lead to increasing demands for protection, and to increasing pressure for the use of force by established authority. Instead of threatening the social order, television may have become our chief instrument of social control.74. Which of the following is NOT among the consequences of watching TV too much?A. Distrusting people around.B. Moving into rural areas.C. Turning to the police for protection.D. Holding more elections.75. According to the passage, why did “Marcus Welby, M. D. ” receive so many letters?A. Because viewers believed the doctor did exist in the real life.B. Because certain TV programmers recommended him to viewers.C. Because he was an experienced doctor and saved many lives.D. Because the TV appealed to people to pay attention to health.76. According to the author, _________ is mainly to blame for people’s fear of the real world.A. network TVB. social realityC. televised violenceD. individual display of violence77. We can infer from the passage that __________.A. people tend to be aggressive or violent after watching TV too muchB. people learn to protect themselves from dangers after watching TV.C. the occasional displays of individual aggression may threaten the social orderD. watching TV may cause the misuse of authority and disturb the social order(D)Human remains of ancient settlements will be reburied and lost to science under a law that threatens research into the history of humans in Britain, a group of leading archaeologists says. In a letter addressed to the justice secretary, Ken Clarke, 40 archaeologists write of their “deep and widespread concern” about the issue. It centers on the law introduced by the Ministry of Justice in 2008 which requires all human remains unearthed in England and Wales to be reburied within two years, regardless of their age. The decision means scientists have too little time to study bones and other human remains of national and cultural significance.“Your current requirement that all archaeologically unearthed human remains should be reburied, whether after a standard period of two years or further special extension, is contrary to basic principles of archaeological and scientific research and of museum practice,” they write.The law applies to any pieces of bone uncovered at around 400 dig sites, including the remains of 60 or so bodies found at Stonehenge in 2008 that date back to 3,000 BC. Archaeologists have been granted a temporary extension to give them more time, but eventually the bones will have to be returned to the ground.The arrangements may result in the waste of future discoveries at sites such as Happisburgh in Norfolk, where digging is continuing after the discovery of stone tools made by early humans 950,000 years ago. If human remains were found at Happisburgh, they would be the oldest in northern Europe and the first indication of what this species was. Under the current practice of the law those remains would have to be reburied and effectively destroyed.Before 2008, guidelines allowed for the proper preservation and study of bones of sufficient age and historical interest, while the Burial Act 1857 applied to more recent remains. The Ministry of Justice assured archaeologist two years ago that the law was temporary, but has so far failed to revise it.Mike Parker Pearson, an archaeologist at Sheffield University, said: “Arch aeologists have been extremely patient because we were led to believe the ministry was sorting out this problem, but we feel that we cannot waitany longer. ”The ministry has no guidelines on where or how remains should be reburied, or on what records should be kept.78. According to the passage, scientists are unhappy with the law mainly because _____.A. it is only a temporary measure on the human remainsB. it is unreasonable and thus destructive to scientific researchC. it was introduced by the government without their knowledgeD. it is vague about where and how to rebury human remains79. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. Temporary extension of two years will guarantee scientists enough time.B. Human remains of the oldest species were dug out at Happisburgh.C. Human remains will have to be reburied despite the extension of time.D. Scientists have been warned that the law can hardly be changed.80. What can be inferred about the British law governing human remains?A. The Ministry of Justice did not intend it to protect human remains.B. The Burial Act 1857 only applied to remains uncovered before 1857.C. The law on human remains hasn't changed in recent decades.D. The Ministry of Justice has not done enough about the law.81. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. New discoveries should be reburied, the government demands.B. Research time should be extended, scientists require.C. Law on human remains needs thorough discussion, authorities say.D. Law could bury ancient secrets for ever, archaeologists warn.第Ⅱ卷Ⅰ. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.你觉得在房价那么高的时候花巨资买房值得吗？(worthwhile)2.使我感动的是那个爱国运动员把他的奖金都捐献给了灾区。
上海市上海中学2017-2018学年高一上学期周练英语试题含答案
上海中学2017—2018学年第一学期高一英语试题Choice21.The impact__________high technology draws worldwide attention.A.onB.to C。
of D.in22.________________,the more expansive gestures you should employ when you deliver a speech.A.The more audience there isB.The more the audience areC.As much audience as there isD.The larger the audience is23.John is really an independent boy and he tries his best to settle every problem_______.A.of his own B。
by his own C,for his own D。
on his own24.The queen，__________an old woman，made a poisonous apple and came to the cottage to tempt Snow White to eat it.A，dressed in B.who was dressing like C。
dressed like D。
who had clothes on as25.It is reported that __________schools in the west of China are improving their study environment。
A.a great many of B。
the large number ofB. C.a great amount of D.a large number of26.Do you really mean_________a basketball player？Do you know that training to be a basketball player means_____________at least eight hours every day?A。
2017-2018学年高一英语上学期第三次双周考试试题
2017-2018学年高一英语上学期第三次双周考试试题本试题分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。
考试结束后，只交答题纸和答题卡，试题自己保留。
第一卷（三部分，共90分）第一节（共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?A．￡19.15. B．￡9.15.C．￡9.18.答案是B。
1．Why does the man move to ?A．To work there. B．To look after parents. C．To make a trip.2．What are the two speakers talking about?A．Buying a TV. B．TV channel.C．Sports meet.3．Why will the woman leave before eleven?A．To buy something. B．To make a work plan. C．To go home.4．What was the man doing at the moment?A．He was listening to the radio.B．He was writing something.C．He was reading a book.5．What is the weather like today?A．It’s rainy. B．It’s sunny.C．It’s cloudy.第二节（共15个小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
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上海中学2017-2018学年第学期高一英语试题Choice21.The impact__________ high technology draws worldwide attention.A.on22.________________,the more expansive gestures you should employ when you deliver aspeech.A.The more audience there isB.The more the audience areC.As much audience as there isD.The larger the audience is23.John is really an independent boy and he tries his best to settle everyproblem_______.A.of his own his own C,for his own his own24.The queen,__________ an old woman, made a poisonous apple and came to the cottage totempt Snow White to eat it.A,dressed in was dressing like like had clothes on as25.It is reported that __________schools in the west of China are improving their studyenvironment.A.a great many of large number ofB..a great amount of large number ofyou really mean_________a basketball player? Do you know that training to be a basketballplayer means_____________at least eight hours every day?,practicing be,practicing be,to practice ,to practicethe workload of a _________job alongside a course of study can be difficult, so there is anincreasing tendency for people to give up work and go back to school.28. I couldn't resist having another piece of cake ____________I was supposed to be on a dietand lose weight.if29. Your children will not follow your advice to ____________business management as hismajor if you ___________.up,force him to up,force himon,force him to on,force him30.The students of class 8____________a farewell party for their retired class teacherfromthen on.A.made a great decision to holding up their mind to hold determined to hold to hold31.The machine is easy to___________，___________is shown in the pictures.A.operate on, which operated, whichoperated on, as , as32.Mary's talent for music and acting led her into a(n)_________on the stage.A.work33.Although the old man insisted he ___________all right,his children all insisted he______________to hospital at once.A.was,would be sent , be sent,would be sent ,be sent34.It was the financial scandal that he was involved___________pushed him to give up hispolitical career.A.that B，in what that D. in whichans are parts of our body,____________a special function to perform.A.each of them has B,each has of which has of which has36.A;It will be the first time that I _____________the subject.B;Don't will be a little difficult the first time you _________it.A.have taught,teach ,have taughtteach,will teach taught,will teach37.Slipping off the bicycle an getting hurt,Jack asked a pass-by whether there was a drugstorearound________he could buy the medicine for his broken knee,A.where38.I have a house,________ the southA.that window opens which the window opens towindow open to windows of which opens39.E-mail is a convenient, highly informal medium for conveying message among people__________well satisfies human needs.A.what B,who which40.According to a report recently released by the US National Research Council,the amountof space junk flowing in Earth's orbit has reached a critical lever_________future spacemission may become too dangerous to fly.A.that D of which41.Marco Polo,who was a great Italian traveler, traveled all the way toChina,_________wasthen called Cathy.A.where42.He arrived in New York in 1986,____________some time later, he became a writer.A.when43.It was almost midnight_________the ceremony was over.D,tillsmiled________her mother did when she was Jenny's age.A.what45._________did you use to do________you don't do now?A.46._______glitters is not gold not all those__________wander are lost.A.What,who that,who ,that ,that47.Sparking Lake in Jiuzhaigou is so beautiful a place_________people can memorizeforever even it no longer exists in real life.A.that48.I sent invitation to 100people to the party,__________turned up.A.of whom only a third 30 of theseall of them none of them49.There is no difficulty___________we can overcome.50.Could you lend me a knife________?A.which to open the canB.with which to open a canC.with which I opened the canD.with which I can use to open a canVocabularyComplete the following passage by using the words in the word can only be used once. Notethat there is one word more than you need.A.promotesPrederic Mishikn, who's been a professor at Columbia Business School for almost 30 years, isgood at solving problems and expressing ideas. Whether he's sending in front of a lecture hallor engaged in a ____51______ conversion, his hands are always waving and pointing. Whenhe was in _____52_______school,one of his professors was so annoyed bythis____53_____gesturing that he made the young economist sit on his hands whenever hevisited the professor's office.It turns out, however, that Mishikn's professor had it exactly wrong. Gesturedoesn'tprevent but ____54_____clear thought and speech. Research______55____that the movements we make with our hands when we talk_______56_____a kind of second language,adding information that is ____57_______from our words. It islearning's_____58_______code;Gestures reveals what we know. It also reveals what wedon't know. What's more, the agreement(or______59_______of agreement)between what ourvoices say and how our hands move offers a ___60________to our readiness to learn. III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:?For each blank in the following passage there are fourwords?or?phrases?marked A,?B,?C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase thatbest fits the?context.One of the big excuses for not learning languages in Britain is that when you try them outabroad, the person you are speaking to responds in __61__ English, making you feel abouttwo feet tall—or should that be 36 cm?English people are known for their reluctance to accept changes leading to closer unionwith us European partners. __62__ according to organizations promoting English business,st?century._____language learning is concerned, that simply doesn't __53__ in that 21 ____63Trade Section UK aims to help British companies trading overseas. Its chief executive,Sir David Wright, says: “Language __64__ are good for business, good for jobs and helppeople in their career. Although many people may speak English __65__, they will usuallynegotiate in their own language. If we are to compete on an equal basis, it's decisive thatbusiness ______66____ the challenge and uses languages more effectively.”The Council of Europe __67__ language learning as an important tool to improve communication and mutual understanding between individuals. The Center for Information onLanguage Teaching says that being able to speak __68__ language is a “basic life skill”andthat the “language deficit in the UK has become an urgent economic, __69__ and politicalquestion.”The department for Education and Skills wants to __70__ teaching of modern foreign languages (MFT) at an earlier stage in the future. Primary school children will get greater__71__?to foreign language learning. Currently, about 20 percent of primary schools offerMFL teaching. The Department wants to increase this __72__ by 2012 every child has anentitlement to study a language at primary school.Education and Skills secretary Estelle Morris is very __73__ about more primary schoolstaking up the __74__ challenge. Children are just so much moreresponsive___75_____anearlier age.61. A. broken B. perfect C. natural D. simple62. A. And B. But C. So D. Besides63. A. whose B. where C. which D. that64. A. technology B. Learners C. skills D. teachers65. A. at home B. in school C aboard D. OverseasD. takes inC. takes over B. takes off 66. A. takes up67. A. finds B. thinks C. regards D. believes68. A. native B. local C. another D. certain69. A. physical B. mental C. spiritual D. social70. A. permit B. encourage C. demand D. challenge71. A. admission B. access C. chance D. approach72. A. in that B. that C. now that D. so that73. A. worried B. concerned C. positive D. negative74. A. language B. business C. competition D. learning75. A. to B. on C. at D. ofReading comprehension(A)I made a pledge (发誓) to myself on the way down to the vacation beach cottage. Fortwo weeks I would try to be a loving husband and father. Totally loving. No ifs, ands or buts.The idea had come to me as I listened to a talk on my car radio. The speaker was quotinga Biblical (圣经的) passage about husbands being thoughtful of their wives. Then he went onto say, Love is an act of person can choose to love. To myself, I had to admit that I hadbeen a selfish husband. Well, for two weeks that would change.And it did. Right from the moment I kissed Evelyn at the door and said, That newyellow sweater looks great on you.Oh, Tom, you noticed, she said, surprised and pleased, maybe a little puzzled.After the long drive, I wanted to sit and read. Evelyn suggested a walk on the beach. Istarted to refuse, but then I thought, Evelyn's been alone here with the kids all the week andnow she wants to stay with me. We walked on the beach while the children flew their kites.So it went. Two weeks of not calling the Wall Street firm where I am a director; a visit tothe shell museum though I usually hate museums. Relaxed and happy, that's how the wholevacation passed. I made a new pledge to keep on remembering to choose love.There was one thing that went wrong with my experiment, however. Evelyn and I stilllaugh about it today.Last night at our cottage, preparing for bed, Evelyn stared at me with the saddest expression.What's the matter? I asked her.Tom, she said in a voice filled with distress, do you know something I don't?What do you mean?Well...that checkup (体检) I had several weeks ago...our doctor...did he tell you something about me?Tom, you've been so good to me...am I dying?It took a moment for it all to sink in. Then I burst out laughing.No, honey, I said, wrapping her in my arms. You're not dying; I'm just starting to live.76. In the first paragraph, No ifs, ands or buts probably means ____.A. UnnecessarilyB. unconditionallyC. impossiblyD. unexpectedly77. During the two weeks on the beach, Tom showed more love to his wife because _____.A. she looked lovely in her new clothesB. she was seriously illC. he was determined to be a good husbandD. he had made a lot of money in Wall Street78.By saying I'm just starting to live, Tom means that _____.A. he is beginning to feel regretful for what he did to his wifeB. he lived an unhappy life before and is now starting to changeC. he is just beginning to understand the real meaning of lifeD. he is just beginning to enjoy his life as a loving husband(B)As I was thinking about language learning the other day, the image of baking bread cameinto my mind．I compared some of the exercises and drills that we put ourselves through inorder to learn a language to the various ingredients (原料) that go into baking a loaf of freshbread．Real language learning takes place in human relationships．No one sits down and eats acup of flour, even if he is hungry and in a hurry．You don' t become bilingual (双语的) byYou don' t become a speaker of a language by memorizing．learning lists of vocabularygrammatical rules．You become bilingual by entering a community that uses that other language as its basic means of communication．I am not suggesting that we can make bread without ingredients．Flour is necessary, asare yeast (酵母), salt, water and other ingredients．V ocabulary is part of any language and willhave to be learned．Grammatical rules exist in every language and cannot be ignored．Butmerely combining the appropriate ingredients in the recommended proportions does not resultin bread．At best, you only end up with a ball of dough (面团)．In order to get bread, you have to apply heat to the dough．And in language learning, thatheat comes from the community．Anyone who has learned a second language has experiencedthat heat．It creeps up your neck when you ask the babysitter “Have you already been eaten?”when you meant to say, ‘‘Have you already eaten?”When you try to say something quiteinnocent and the whole room bursts into laughter, you are experiencing the heat that turns rawdough into good bread．敒敭扭牥琠敨漠摬猠祡湩?┠????潹?慣???瑳湡?桴?敨瑡?敧?畯?景琠敨欠瑩档湥．This iswhere language learning often breaks down because we find the heat uncomfortable and westop the baking process．In other words, we can' t stand the heat, so we get out of the kitchen．However, the language learner who stays in the kitchen－in the heat－until the combined ingredients are thoroughly transformed will enjoy the richness of a quality loaf ofbread. He is glad that he did not get out of the kitchen”at the important moment when theoven seemed too dedicated language learner knows that becoming bilingual cannot beachieved without the heat.to the author, you can possibly become a speaker of a language by ________．A．bearing millions of words and expressions in your mindB．using the language to communicate with those around youC．Knowing verb conjugations and grammatical rulesD．saying something innocent to be laughed at by others80.'What's the purpose of illustration of the example-you ask the babysitter,Have you already been eaten?When you meant to say,Have you already eaten??A. To verify that you are sure to make some mistakes when you enter a community. show that you should combine the ingredients in the recommended proportions.C. To prove that you may experienceheatrom the community in language learning.D. To indicate that being bilingual calls for your courage, confidence and perseverance.to the passage, which of the following is NOT the necessity of baking bread and learninglanguage?A．Excellent Skills．B．Various ingredients．C．Appropriate proportions．D．Uncomfortable heat．(C)Like most people, I've long understood that I'll be judged by my occupation, that myprofession is used by people to see how talented I am. Recently, however, I was disappointedto see that it also decides how I'm treated as a person.Last year I left a professional position as a small-town reporter and took a job waitingtables. As someone paid to serve food to people, I had customers say and do things to me Isuppose they'd never say or do to the people they know. One night a man talking on his cellphone waved me away, then called me back with his finger a minute later, saying angrily thathe was ready to order and asking where I'd been.I had waited tables during summers in college and was treated like a peon（勤杂工）byplenty of people. But at 19 years old, I believed I deserved inferior（低等的）treatment fromprofessional adults. Besides, people responded to me differently after I told them I was incollege. Customers would joke that one day I'd be sitting at their table, waiting to be served.Once I graduated I took a job at a community newspaper. From my first day, I heard arespectful tone from everyone who called me. I assumed this was the way the professionalworld worked--- politely and formally.I soon found out differently. I sat several feet away from a person in advertising department with a similar name. Our calls would often get mixed up and someone asking forKristen would be transferred to Christie. The mistake was immediately clear. Perhaps it wasbecause of money, but people used a tone with Kristen that they never used with me.My job title made people treat me with courtesy. So it was a shock to return to be the restaurant industry.It's no secret that there's a lot to put up with when waiting tables, and fortunately, muchof it can be easily forgotten when you pocket the tips. The service industry exists to meetothers' needs. Still, it seemed that many of my customers didn't get the difference betweenserver and servant.I'm now applying to graduate school, which means someday I'll return to a professionwhere people need to be nice to me in order to get what they want. I think I'll take them todinner first, and see how they treat someone whose job is to serve them.82.The author was disappointed to find that_____________？A. one's position is used to measure one's intelligence.B. Talented people like her should fail to get a respectable jobC. one's occupation affects the way one is treated as a person.D. professionals tend to look down upon manual workers.83. What does the author intend to say by the example in Paragraph 2？A. Waiting tables is a hard job.B. Some customers are difficult to deal with.C. The man making a phone call is absent-minded.D. Some customers show no respect to those who serve them.does the author imply by saying... Many of my customers didn't get the difference betweenserver and servant (Lines 3-4, Para. 7)?A. Those who cater to others' needs are destined to be looked down upon.B. Those working in the service industry shouldn't be heated as servants.C. Those serving others have to put up with rough treatment to earn a living.D. The majority of customers tend to look on a servant as 4. server nowadays.85. The author says one day she'll take her customers to dinner in order to _______.A. see what kind of person they areB. experience the feeling of being servedC. shoe her generosity towards people inferior to hertheir sympathy for people living a humble life(D)In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington,52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw—havingextracted them from the mouths of his slaves.That's a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books. But recently, many historians have begun to focusroles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation. They have been spurred in part byDNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson hadfathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings. And only over the past 30 years havescholars examined history from the bottom up. Works of several historians reveal the moralcompromises made by the nation's early leaders and the fragile nature of the country's infancy.More significantly, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong—and yet most did little to fight it.More than anything, the historians say, the founders were hampered by the culture oftheir time. While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they alsounderstood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped tocreate.For one thing, the South could not afford to part with its slaves. Owning slaves was likehaving a large bank account, says Wiencek, author of An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America. 'The southern states would not havesigned the Constitution without protections for the peculiar institution, including a clausethat counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.And the statesmen's political lives depended on slavery. The three-fifths formula handedJefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of thesouthern states in the Electoral College. Once in office, Jefferson extended slavery with theLouisiana Purchase in 1803; the new land was carved into 13 states, including three slavestates.Still, Jefferson freed Hemings' children—though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves. Washington, who had begun to believe that all men werecreated equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War,overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in hisOnly a decade earlier, such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.86. In Paragraph 1,George Washington's dental surgery is mentioned to__________ A．show the poor medical practice in the past.B．demonstrate the great cruelty of slavery in his days.C．stress the important role of slaves in the entire . history.D．reveal an unknown aspect of his life and introduce the topicmay infer from the second paragraph that_____________.A. DNA technology has been widely applied to history research.B. In its early day. s the U. S. was confronted with delicate situations.C. historians deliberately made up some stories of Jefferson's life.compromises are easily found throughout the U. S. history.88. What do we learn about Thomas Jefferson?A. His political view changed his attitude towards slavery.B. His status as a father made him free the child slaves.C. His attitude towards slavery was complex.D. His affair with a slave ruined his reputation.of the following is TRUE according to the text?A. Some founding fathers benefited politically from slavery.B. Slaves in the old days did not have the right to vote.C. Slave owners usually had large savings accounts.D. Washington decided to free slaves due to moral considerations.Translation1.社会上，年轻人赶时髦，穿时尚衣服是常有的事。