商务英语教学课件chapter 2 d

Four ways to eliminate sexist generic pronouns: use plurals,use second-person you, revise the sentence to omit the pronoun,and use pronoun pairs.
Example: Each supervisor must certify that the time
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Effective writing balances all three sentence types
பைடு நூலகம்
If you use too many simple sentences, your writing sounds childish and cannot properly express the relationship among ideas.
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Reducing sexual bias in business writing
Nonsexist language treats both sexes neutrally. Using nonsexist language is a good idea for at least three reasons.First, the language we use reflects and reveals our understanding of the world around us. An organization that treats people fairly should use language that treats people fairly. A second reason for using nonsexist language
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The best length of a sentence in business
Is about 15-18 words, which is easy to read.
The best business writing should include a variety of sentence length
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Word that exactly conveys your meaning.
Whenever you can choose between two words that mean the same thing, use the shorter, more common one.
Examples: Commence-----begin Reside --------live Subsequently------later Utilize-----use Remittance-----check, payment
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1. Use the reader’s position or job title:Loan Officer
2. Use a general group to which your reader belongs: Dear Investor: Dear Admissions Committee:
Chapter 2 Diction & Effective Sentences
Learning Objectives To learn how to Choose words precisely. Choose words with appropriate
connotations. Choose between active and passive voice. Vary sentence patterns.
If you use too many long, compound sentences, your writing will sound boring. Moreover, a long series of complex sentences is hard to understand.
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Example:
With short and long sentences.
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Sentence Style
Keep sentences short Rely on the active voice: Tom played the violin/ The violin was
should consider, we seem to be in favor, it may be that… Also avoid using cliches(套话) At your earliest convenience, At an early date,(if you have a date, give it.)
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Is to remove a potential barrier to
The images people create of themselves. The third reason to use nonsexist language ,and perhaps the most important, is that it’s fairer and friendlier.
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Chapter 2 Diction & Effective Sentences
Diction is the choice and use of words. In business writing, use concrete, specific
terms whenever possible; use abstractions only when necessary. Example, instead of referring to “a sizable loss”, talk about “a loss of $ 32 million”. Word Choice Use short, familiar words . Occasionally need a long or an unfamiliar word because it is the only
Our intent in forwarding the list of priority short-term capital projects in advance of the final report has been to fast track the approval process in anticipation of a review of each capital project to be conducted by government staff with your staff.
When you know your reader’s name but not the gender. You may use the reader’s full name in the salutation:
Dear Chris Crowell, Dear J.C. Meath,
When you know neither the reader’s name nor gender. You have several options:
A. Preparation of an agenda should be done before a meeting.
B. Prepare an agenda before the meeting.
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A.It appears the figures are inaccurate.
B. The figures are inaccurate. Avoid using these weak expressions: It was suggested, it seems,it appears, we
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Effective Sentences
Three Types of Sentences: simple, compound, and complex.
The structure of the sentence should match the relationship of the ideas. For example, if you have two ideas of equal importance, they should be expressed as two simple sentences or as one compound sentence, but if one of the ideas is less important than the other, it should be placed in a dependent clause to form a complex sentence.
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Better:
Attached is the list of priority short-term capital projects. We are sending you this information before the final report is released to fast track the approval process. This early release of the information should help your staff be prepared when the anticipated government review occurs.( a long sentence splited into 3 sentences, which is clear to be understood.)
Do not use Dear Sir or Madam:, Dear Gentlepersons:, or To whom it may concern. These terms may be nonsexist, but they are stuffy, and sound silly.