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v Sophisticated order entry, delivery, inventory
control systems
Hale Waihona Puke Composition of the U.S. Retail Industry
Figure 11.1
SOURCE: Based on data from U.S. Census Bureau, 2010
n
Firm-specific factors
v v v v v
Financial Analysis Factors
n
Statements of Operations
v Revenues v Cost of sales v Gross margin v Operating expenses v Operating margin v Net margin
Strategic analysis/competition:
v
Online and offline general merchandisers
E-commerce in Action:
n
Strategic analysis/technology:
v Largest, most sophisticated collection of online retailing
v Services: 61 % v Nondurable goods: 29 % v Durable goods: 10 %
n
“Goods” vs. “services” ambiguity
The Retail Industry
n
8 segments (clothing, durable goods, etc.)
control systems
Hale Waihona Puke Composition of the U.S. Retail Industry
Figure 11.1
SOURCE: Based on data from U.S. Census Bureau, 2010
n
Firm-specific factors
v v v v v
Financial Analysis Factors
n
Statements of Operations
v Revenues v Cost of sales v Gross margin v Operating expenses v Operating margin v Net margin
Strategic analysis/competition:
v
Online and offline general merchandisers
E-commerce in Action:
n
Strategic analysis/technology:
v Largest, most sophisticated collection of online retailing
v Services: 61 % v Nondurable goods: 29 % v Durable goods: 10 %
n
“Goods” vs. “services” ambiguity
The Retail Industry
n
8 segments (clothing, durable goods, etc.)
电子商务英语课件
Sentence patterns for e-commerce payment
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E-commerce English Writing
E-commerce email writing style
Use a professional and friendly tone, maintain a consistent format, and ensure the email is easy to read.
The definition of e-commerce
The origins of e-commerce can be traced back to the early days of the internet in the 1990s, when online marketplaces such as eBay and Amazon emerged.
As the internet became more widespread and technology advanced, e-commerce has grown exponentially, encompassing a wide range of industries and sectors, including retail, travel, finance, and more.
E-commerce transactions are typically conducted online, using websites or mobile applications as platforms for product display, order placement, payment processing, and delivery.
电子商务英语教学课件Unit 5 Business Models of E-commerce
Understanding B2C E-commerce
Analysis of sentences
本句中， “using membergenerated documents and messages”是一个现在分词短语 作方式状语， 修饰谓语 “provide”。
These provide a platform for developing oneto-one relationship using member-generated documents and messages.
Business-to-Business and Consumer-to-Consumer E-commerce
Some notes
EBay， 美国一家拍卖网站， 世界上最大 的网上交易平台。 阿里巴巴， 世界上最大的B2B互联网公 司。 second-hand market 二手市场， 旧货 市场 at the end of 在……的最后 come along 出现， 进步 used items 旧货
通过互联网开展B2C业务是非常合适的，因为互联网渐变 得十分普及而且它能够帮助企业针对各种各样的潜在顾客 推出有效的产品和服务的促销策略。
is suitable for…… 对……合适 potential customers 潜在顾客
E-commerce
Analysis of sentences
随着消费者越来越习惯于在线购买产品，其他产品类别 将会越来越流行。
Business-to-Consumer E-commerce
Analysis of sentences
Some experts believe that， in the long term， this type of businesses should be more successful than pure e-commerce businesses.
电子商务讲解课件(英文)Lecture
Customer service
Effective channels for customers to get help and resolve issues.
03
E-commerce Businesses
Marketplace
Marketplace Amazon Alibaba eBay
A platform that brings together buyers and sellers to facilitate transactions.
A crowdfunding platform that allows individuals or groups to raise funds for personal causes or charitable
projects.
Airbnb
A peer to peer e-commerce platform that allows
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起始阶段
20世纪90年代初，电子商 务出现，以静态网页展示 产品信息。
发展阶段
20世纪90年代末至21世 纪初，电子商务平台兴起 ，在线购物逐渐普及。
成熟阶段
21世纪中期至今，移动支 付、社交电商、跨境电商 等多元化模式涌现。
Types of E-commerce
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B2B (Business-to-Business) ：企业与企业之间的电子商务
Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc., used for secure, decentralized transactions.
Delivery and Logistics
In-store pickup
Effective channels for customers to get help and resolve issues.
03
E-commerce Businesses
Marketplace
Marketplace Amazon Alibaba eBay
A platform that brings together buyers and sellers to facilitate transactions.
A crowdfunding platform that allows individuals or groups to raise funds for personal causes or charitable
projects.
Airbnb
A peer to peer e-commerce platform that allows
01
02
03
起始阶段
20世纪90年代初，电子商 务出现，以静态网页展示 产品信息。
发展阶段
20世纪90年代末至21世 纪初，电子商务平台兴起 ，在线购物逐渐普及。
成熟阶段
21世纪中期至今，移动支 付、社交电商、跨境电商 等多元化模式涌现。
Types of E-commerce
01
02
03
04
B2B (Business-to-Business) ：企业与企业之间的电子商务
Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc., used for secure, decentralized transactions.
Delivery and Logistics
In-store pickup
电子商务英文版最新课件ec13_ppt_ch05_accessible
Table 5.3 Customer and Merchant Perspectives on the Different Dimensions of E-Commerce Security (1 of 2)
Dimension Integrity
Customer’s Perspective
Has information I transmitted or received been altered?
– E-signatures – Multi-factor authentication – Fingerprint identification
• Three key points of vulnerability in e-commerce environment: – Client – Server – Communications pipeline (Internet communications channels)
Figure 5.2 A Typical E-Commerce Transaction
• Low-cost web attack kits • Online credit card fraud • Underground economy marketplace
What Is Good E-Commerce Security?
• To achieve highest degree of security – New technologies – Organizational policies and procedures – Industry standards and government laws
Availability
Customer’s Perspective Can someone other than the intended recipient read my messages?
电子商务英文版最新课件ec13_ppt_ch01_accessible
Assessing E-Commerce (1 of 2)
• Stunning technological success • Early years a mixed business success
– Few early dot-coms have survived – Online sales growing rapidly • Many early visions not fulfilled – Price dispersion – Information asymmetry – New intermediaries
Uber: The New Face of E-Commerce?
• Class Discussion – Have you used Uber or any other on-demand service companies? – What is the appeal of these companies for users and providers? – Are there any negative consequences to the increased use of on-demand services like Uber and Airbnb?
Assessing E-Commerce (2 of 2)
• Other surprises – Fast-follower advantages – Start-up costs – Impact of mobile platform – Emergence of on-demand e-commerce
1.2 Define e-commerce, understand how e-commerce differs from ebusiness, identify the primary technological building blocks underlying ecommerce, and recognize major current themes in e-commerce.
电子商务英文版最新课件ec13_ppt_ch07_accessible
Introduction to Social, Mobile, and Local Marketing
• New marketing concepts – Conversations – Engagement
• Impact of smartphones and tablets • Social-mobile-local nexus
Social Marketing Players
• The most popular sites account for over 90% of all social network visits – Facebook, Google+, Twitter, LinkedIn, Pinterest, Instagram, Tumblr – Unique visitors vs. engagement ▪ Engagement measures the amount and intensity of user involvement ▪ Facebook dominates in both measures – Dark social – sharing outside of major social networks (e-mail, IM, texts, etc.)
Typical Twitter Marketing Campaign
• Follow others relevant to your content and conversation • Experiment with simple Promoted Tweets • For larger budgets, use Promoted Trends and TV ad
• Facebook analytics tools – Facebook Page Insights – Social media management systems (HootSuite) – Analytics providers (Google Analytics, Webtrends)
电子商务英文版最新版课件ch03
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Online Music
• Recording industry slow to embrace • Largest stores: Amazon MP3, Apple’s iTunes,
Google Play • Subscription services to stream music
– Pandora Internet Radio, Spotify, Rhapsody
• Lands’ End Live (1999)
– Some sites offer text and video chat
11
Adding the Personal Touch (cont’d.)
• Personal shopper is an intelligent agent program that learns preferences and makes suggestions
• Same model can work for both sale types
– Business-to-consumer (B2C) – Business-to-business (B2B)
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Web Catalog Revenue Models
• Adapted from mail-order (catalog) model
customers
3
Introduction
• Given the demand for photo and video storage, offering storage service would seem like an ideal online business
– Decreasing cosБайду номын сангаас of storage space and high-bandwidth Internet connections.
Online Music
• Recording industry slow to embrace • Largest stores: Amazon MP3, Apple’s iTunes,
Google Play • Subscription services to stream music
– Pandora Internet Radio, Spotify, Rhapsody
• Lands’ End Live (1999)
– Some sites offer text and video chat
11
Adding the Personal Touch (cont’d.)
• Personal shopper is an intelligent agent program that learns preferences and makes suggestions
• Same model can work for both sale types
– Business-to-consumer (B2C) – Business-to-business (B2B)
6
Web Catalog Revenue Models
• Adapted from mail-order (catalog) model
customers
3
Introduction
• Given the demand for photo and video storage, offering storage service would seem like an ideal online business
– Decreasing cosБайду номын сангаас of storage space and high-bandwidth Internet connections.
电子商务行业英语课件Unit 6
Listen to dialogue 1 and write down the missing words.
Sample Dialogue 1 Visiting Alibaba
Alex: Hello, I h_a_v_e__a_n_a_p_p_o_in_t_m__en_t (1)with Susan Wang. My name is Alex Zhang.
• 付费广告
• banner ads
• 离线广告
Workplace Listening and Speaking
Warm-up
What do you know about Alibaba?
Headquarter? Business?
Sample Dialogue 1 Visiting Alibaba
Unit 6 Ready to Be the Power Seller？Go!
Learning Objectives
In this unit, you’ll ➢ know about Alibaba Company. ➢ learn to market products online and offline. ➢ learn to design advertising slogans for products. ➢ learn about a marketing campaign of products.
Michael: How many people work here?
Sample Dialogue 1 Visiting Alibaba
Susan : More than eight thousand. Well, why don’t we go to that café and have a cup of coffee? It’s straight ahead.
Sample Dialogue 1 Visiting Alibaba
Alex: Hello, I h_a_v_e__a_n_a_p_p_o_in_t_m__en_t (1)with Susan Wang. My name is Alex Zhang.
• 付费广告
• banner ads
• 离线广告
Workplace Listening and Speaking
Warm-up
What do you know about Alibaba?
Headquarter? Business?
Sample Dialogue 1 Visiting Alibaba
Unit 6 Ready to Be the Power Seller？Go!
Learning Objectives
In this unit, you’ll ➢ know about Alibaba Company. ➢ learn to market products online and offline. ➢ learn to design advertising slogans for products. ➢ learn about a marketing campaign of products.
Michael: How many people work here?
Sample Dialogue 1 Visiting Alibaba
Susan : More than eight thousand. Well, why don’t we go to that café and have a cup of coffee? It’s straight ahead.
电子商务(全套英文版662页PPT课件)
virtual (pure-play) organizations Organizations that conduct their business activities solely online
click-and-mortar (click-and-brick) organizations Organizations that conduct some e-commerce activities, usually as an additional marketing channel
consumers, and society. 10. List and describe the major limitations of EC.
2020/12/16
1-3
Electronic Commerce: Definitions and Concepts
electronic commerce (EC)
2020/12/16
1-4
Electronic Commerce: Definitions and Concepts
MAJOR EC CONCEPTS
Pure Versus Partial EC EC Organizations
brick-and-mortar (old economy) organizations Old-economy organizations (corporations) that perform their primary business offline, selling physical product
intranet An internal corporate or government network that uses Internet tools, such as Web browsers, and Internet protocols
click-and-mortar (click-and-brick) organizations Organizations that conduct some e-commerce activities, usually as an additional marketing channel
consumers, and society. 10. List and describe the major limitations of EC.
2020/12/16
1-3
Electronic Commerce: Definitions and Concepts
electronic commerce (EC)
2020/12/16
1-4
Electronic Commerce: Definitions and Concepts
MAJOR EC CONCEPTS
Pure Versus Partial EC EC Organizations
brick-and-mortar (old economy) organizations Old-economy organizations (corporations) that perform their primary business offline, selling physical product
intranet An internal corporate or government network that uses Internet tools, such as Web browsers, and Internet protocols
电子商务英文版最新课件ec13_ppt_ch09_accessible
• Vision: – Earth's biggest selection, lowest prices, most customercentric
• Business model: – Retail, Third-Party Merchants, and Amazon Web Services
• Financial analysis: – Continued explosive revenue growth, profitable
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
What’s New in Online Retail
• Retail mobile e-commerce exploding • Social networks experiment with social e-commerce • Local e-commerce skyrockets to over $40 billion • Online retail still the fastest growing retail channel • Selection of goods increases, includes luxury goods • Specialty retail sites show rapid growth • New subscription-based model for online retailing • Big data used for predictive marketing
The Retail Industry
• 7 segments (clothing, durable goods, etc.) – For each, uses of Internet may differ ▪ Information vs. direct purchasing
• Business model: – Retail, Third-Party Merchants, and Amazon Web Services
• Financial analysis: – Continued explosive revenue growth, profitable
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
What’s New in Online Retail
• Retail mobile e-commerce exploding • Social networks experiment with social e-commerce • Local e-commerce skyrockets to over $40 billion • Online retail still the fastest growing retail channel • Selection of goods increases, includes luxury goods • Specialty retail sites show rapid growth • New subscription-based model for online retailing • Big data used for predictive marketing
The Retail Industry
• 7 segments (clothing, durable goods, etc.) – For each, uses of Internet may differ ▪ Information vs. direct purchasing
电子商务行业英语课件Unit 2
• In your opinion, what is a dream job?
Think about it
• Facing a frightening unemployment rate, what should we do?
Read Passage 1 and find out the answer to the question.
1. Listen carefully and answer the following question:
What are the tips to convince someone effectively ?
(1) Have a clear understanding of your own opinion. (2) Talk with the person politely. (3) Establish mutual respect. (4) Practice active listening.
with 120G hard disk and 2 GB RAM. It's 6,500 Yuan. Would you like to purchase it now? • Customer: Is there _a_n_y__d_i_s_c_o_u_n_t_o_n__th_i_s_l_a_p_t_o_p_____? • Alex: Sorry, it's already very cheap. Hmm, __le_t_'s__m_a_k_e__it__6_0_0_0_Y_u_a_n____ if you buy it now. We'll also include a laptop bag and a mouse for you. • Customer: Thanks. _H_o_w__l_o_n_g_i_s_t_h_i_s_u_n_d_e_r__w_a_r_ra_n__ty__? • Alex: One year. The maintenance store location and _t_e_le_p_h_o_n_e__n_u_m__b_e_rs are on the warranty card. • Customer: Alright, I'll take this one.
Think about it
• Facing a frightening unemployment rate, what should we do?
Read Passage 1 and find out the answer to the question.
1. Listen carefully and answer the following question:
What are the tips to convince someone effectively ?
(1) Have a clear understanding of your own opinion. (2) Talk with the person politely. (3) Establish mutual respect. (4) Practice active listening.
with 120G hard disk and 2 GB RAM. It's 6,500 Yuan. Would you like to purchase it now? • Customer: Is there _a_n_y__d_i_s_c_o_u_n_t_o_n__th_i_s_l_a_p_t_o_p_____? • Alex: Sorry, it's already very cheap. Hmm, __le_t_'s__m_a_k_e__it__6_0_0_0_Y_u_a_n____ if you buy it now. We'll also include a laptop bag and a mouse for you. • Customer: Thanks. _H_o_w__l_o_n_g_i_s_t_h_i_s_u_n_d_e_r__w_a_r_ra_n__ty__? • Alex: One year. The maintenance store location and _t_e_le_p_h_o_n_e__n_u_m__b_e_rs are on the warranty card. • Customer: Alright, I'll take this one.
电子商务英文版最新课件ec13_ppt_ch12_accessible
Basic Definitions
• B2B commerce: – All types of computer-enabled inter-firm trade – Before Internet, B2B transactions called trade or procurement process
Types of Procurement (2 of 2)
• Procurement is highly information intensive and labor intensive – Requires managing information among many corporate systems – Involves over 1 million U.S. workers
12.1 Discuss the evolution and growth of B2B e-commerce, as well as its potential benefits and challenges.
12.2 Understand how procurement and supply chains relate to B2B e-commerce.
• B2B e-commerce will grow to 51% of total U.S. inter-firm trade by 2020
• Private industrial networks continue to play dominant role in B2B
• Non-EDI B2B e-commerce most rapidly growing type of e-commerce
• B2B e-commerce: – The portion of B2B commerce enabled by the Internet
电子商务英文版最新课件ec13_ppt_ch02_accessible
• Market opportunity typically divided into smaller niches
4. Competitive Environment
• “Who else occupies your intended marketspace?” – Other companies selling similar products in the same marketspace – Includes both direct and indirect competitors
E-Commerce Business Models
• Business model – Set of planned activities designed to result in a profit in a marketplace
• Business plan – Describes a firm’s business model
• E-commerce business model – Uses/leverages unique qualities of Internet and Web
Eight Key Elements of a Business Model
1. Value proposition 2. Revenue model 3. Market opportunity 4. Competitive environment 5. Competitive advantage 6. Market strategy 7. Organizational development 8. Management team
B2C Business Models
• E-tailer • Community provider (social network) • Content provider • Portal • Transaction broker • Market creator • Service provider
4. Competitive Environment
• “Who else occupies your intended marketspace?” – Other companies selling similar products in the same marketspace – Includes both direct and indirect competitors
E-Commerce Business Models
• Business model – Set of planned activities designed to result in a profit in a marketplace
• Business plan – Describes a firm’s business model
• E-commerce business model – Uses/leverages unique qualities of Internet and Web
Eight Key Elements of a Business Model
1. Value proposition 2. Revenue model 3. Market opportunity 4. Competitive environment 5. Competitive advantage 6. Market strategy 7. Organizational development 8. Management team
B2C Business Models
• E-tailer • Community provider (social network) • Content provider • Portal • Transaction broker • Market creator • Service provider
电子商务行业英语课件unit 1
Reading Comprehension
2. Read and judge True or False.
STATEMENTS
T/ F
1. Jack Ma named his company “Alibaba”, because it is related to the thieves.
□ √□
2. Alibaba serves three types of marketplaces: B2B, B2C and C2C.
Dialogue 2 Talking about Online Shops Survey. What have you bought online?
Name
What have you bought online?
What are the top categories for purchasing online according to my survey?
• 它位于世界加工制造带的中心，附近有成千上万家工 厂和供应商。
Explanation of difficult sentences
• 2. The system, which holds the electronic payment in escrow and releases the money only when the goods arrive, was necessary in China, where cash transactions are the norm. (Para. 9)
Homework Checking
2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of online selling?
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一些买家希望他们的 身份和购买模式保持 匿名。
5.
6.
7.
Divisibility 可分性
大部分卖家只有在一 个范围内接受信用卡 支付。如果商品的价 格太小，或成本太高 就无法支持信用卡付 款。
Ease od Use 方便使用
B2B支付现在的问题是 网上支付的方法如何 取代现有的离线方式 进行采购。
亚马逊网站（ ）和兰登书屋（Random House）在2005年分别宣 布了允许消费者在线阅读书籍和销售书籍的计划
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绝大多数消费者使用信用卡进行线上购买图书，每张信 用卡购买收取固定的百分比，以及固定费用
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小额价值购买的处理
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微支付（small sales）
是指在互联网上进行的 一些小额的资金支付。 这种支付机制有着特殊 的系统要求，在满足一 定安全性的前提下，要 求有尽量少的信息传输， 较低的管理和存储需求， 即速度和效率要求比较 高。
采用路由器的安全访问控制技术实现网络信 息的安全，路由器的安全访问控制技术可以 控制非法访问，保护网络传输信息的安全， 提高路由器自身安全。
硬币
公元前十世纪之前，贝壳通常被用于贸易 和易货贸易.金属硬币在公元前第十世纪 到第六世纪之间出现在希腊和印度，主导 了之后2000年的贸易。
纸币和支票
在中世纪，意大利商人引进支票。 在美国，纸币于1690首次在马萨诸塞州发 行。直到现在，现金至少是在店内付款的 主要方式；支票是非现金支付的主要方式
Transaction Fees 交易费用
当信用卡用于支付时， 商家支付的交易费用 高达该项目购买价格 的3%（高于最低固定 费用）。这些费用让 它不得不尽量少的使 用信用卡购买，这给 其他的付款形式的留 下余地。
Thank you!
谢谢观赏
电商二班 2 组汇报
安全问题
实际案例
问题分析
电子支付
支付的发展 过程 电子支付的 成功要素
PART 1
PART 2
实际案例
2002年3月4日原瑞士银行潘恩韦伯 公司(UBS Paine Webber)员工罗杰·杜 罗尼奥（Roger Duronio）在公司服务 器植入逻辑炸弹病毒，造成 2000 多台 服务器瘫痪，约有17,000家经销商无 法交易，这一事件影响了近400家分支 机构。 瑞士银行潘恩韦伯公司 (UBS Paine Webber)花费约310万美元用来 评估和恢复网络。
成功案例：苹果iTunes； 苹果通过让消费者建立 账户的方式克服了信用 卡和借记卡的成本费用。
通过让消费者建立账户 的方式克服了信用卡和 借记卡的成本费用。单 个项目购买然后总结或 聚合之前的总金额，成 本有效的提交信用卡或 借记卡的发卡银行
1.
2.Leabharlann 3.4.Independence. 独立
电子支付有时需要通 过专门的软件或硬件 方式付款.几乎所有形 式的支付都要求卖方 或商户安装专门的软 件来收钱以及授权支 付。
为保证计算机系统的安全运行，应将从内部管理 和技术防范相结合来解决银行计算机系统的安全 问题。
解决外联系统安全问题最好方法就是安装防火墙，防 火墙是目前最重要的网络安全产品，承担着防御来自 外单位的各种攻击，辅助安全策略实施的重要任务， 已经成为保护信息安全不可或缺的一道屏障。
采用虚拟技术（VLAN）,控制内部不同部门之间、 不同应用之间的互相访问，可以利用多层交换结 合虚拟技术来实现，这样可以有效地抵御企业内 部的侵袭。
Interoperability 互操作性和可移植 性
所有形式的电子商务 都运行在与企业系统 和应用程序相关联的 专门系统上。电子支 付方法必须符合你现 有的系统和应用程序， 并通过标准的计算平 台支持。
Security 安全
付款人的风险高于收 款人的风险，付款人 不可能接受该方法。
Anonymity 匿名
现状
信用卡
1950年的美国第耐俱乐部发明了信用卡。2003 年信用卡和借记卡用于商店付款的次数首次超过 了现金和支票的使用。截至2005年，借记卡和信 用卡占店内付款的55%，余下部分是现金和支票。
电子支付
今天，我们正处于支付革命之中，卡和电子支付 将代替现金和支票。到2005，电子支付的百分比 已增长到45%。这种付款方式组合的变化很可能 持续下去。，
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Divisibility 可分性
大部分卖家只有在一 个范围内接受信用卡 支付。如果商品的价 格太小，或成本太高 就无法支持信用卡付 款。
Ease od Use 方便使用
B2B支付现在的问题是 网上支付的方法如何 取代现有的离线方式 进行采购。
亚马逊网站（ ）和兰登书屋（Random House）在2005年分别宣 布了允许消费者在线阅读书籍和销售书籍的计划
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绝大多数消费者使用信用卡进行线上购买图书，每张信 用卡购买收取固定的百分比，以及固定费用
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小额价值购买的处理
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微支付（small sales）
是指在互联网上进行的 一些小额的资金支付。 这种支付机制有着特殊 的系统要求，在满足一 定安全性的前提下，要 求有尽量少的信息传输， 较低的管理和存储需求， 即速度和效率要求比较 高。
采用路由器的安全访问控制技术实现网络信 息的安全，路由器的安全访问控制技术可以 控制非法访问，保护网络传输信息的安全， 提高路由器自身安全。
硬币
公元前十世纪之前，贝壳通常被用于贸易 和易货贸易.金属硬币在公元前第十世纪 到第六世纪之间出现在希腊和印度，主导 了之后2000年的贸易。
纸币和支票
在中世纪，意大利商人引进支票。 在美国，纸币于1690首次在马萨诸塞州发 行。直到现在，现金至少是在店内付款的 主要方式；支票是非现金支付的主要方式
Transaction Fees 交易费用
当信用卡用于支付时， 商家支付的交易费用 高达该项目购买价格 的3%（高于最低固定 费用）。这些费用让 它不得不尽量少的使 用信用卡购买，这给 其他的付款形式的留 下余地。
Thank you!
谢谢观赏
电商二班 2 组汇报
安全问题
实际案例
问题分析
电子支付
支付的发展 过程 电子支付的 成功要素
PART 1
PART 2
实际案例
2002年3月4日原瑞士银行潘恩韦伯 公司(UBS Paine Webber)员工罗杰·杜 罗尼奥（Roger Duronio）在公司服务 器植入逻辑炸弹病毒，造成 2000 多台 服务器瘫痪，约有17,000家经销商无 法交易，这一事件影响了近400家分支 机构。 瑞士银行潘恩韦伯公司 (UBS Paine Webber)花费约310万美元用来 评估和恢复网络。
成功案例：苹果iTunes； 苹果通过让消费者建立 账户的方式克服了信用 卡和借记卡的成本费用。
通过让消费者建立账户 的方式克服了信用卡和 借记卡的成本费用。单 个项目购买然后总结或 聚合之前的总金额，成 本有效的提交信用卡或 借记卡的发卡银行
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2.Leabharlann 3.4.Independence. 独立
电子支付有时需要通 过专门的软件或硬件 方式付款.几乎所有形 式的支付都要求卖方 或商户安装专门的软 件来收钱以及授权支 付。
为保证计算机系统的安全运行，应将从内部管理 和技术防范相结合来解决银行计算机系统的安全 问题。
解决外联系统安全问题最好方法就是安装防火墙，防 火墙是目前最重要的网络安全产品，承担着防御来自 外单位的各种攻击，辅助安全策略实施的重要任务， 已经成为保护信息安全不可或缺的一道屏障。
采用虚拟技术（VLAN）,控制内部不同部门之间、 不同应用之间的互相访问，可以利用多层交换结 合虚拟技术来实现，这样可以有效地抵御企业内 部的侵袭。
Interoperability 互操作性和可移植 性
所有形式的电子商务 都运行在与企业系统 和应用程序相关联的 专门系统上。电子支 付方法必须符合你现 有的系统和应用程序， 并通过标准的计算平 台支持。
Security 安全
付款人的风险高于收 款人的风险，付款人 不可能接受该方法。
Anonymity 匿名
现状
信用卡
1950年的美国第耐俱乐部发明了信用卡。2003 年信用卡和借记卡用于商店付款的次数首次超过 了现金和支票的使用。截至2005年，借记卡和信 用卡占店内付款的55%，余下部分是现金和支票。
电子支付
今天，我们正处于支付革命之中，卡和电子支付 将代替现金和支票。到2005，电子支付的百分比 已增长到45%。这种付款方式组合的变化很可能 持续下去。，