阅读专题四词义猜测题

阅读专题四：词义猜测题

学习目标：通过复习，再次明确词义猜测题的考查方式，能够根据正确理解上下文做出选择。学习内容：词义猜测题的类型和选择方法，适当的练习。

学习方法：在老师的引导下分析例子，掌握方法；及时练习，运用方法。

词义猜测题是高考阅读理解题中的一种常见的题型，有些地区会在其他题型中考查考生的词义猜测能力，但是大多数地区的考题中会把词义猜测作为单独的题来考查。通过对近几年高考题的阅读理解题的分析统计可看出，词义猜测题在阅读理解部分约有1－4题，如2013年新课标全国卷Ⅱ的第38题，2013年安徽卷的第68题。虽然题量不大，但是这种不通过使用词典而通过阅读上下文来推断生词含义的能力是考生必须具备的，也是阅读测试中经常考查的一种能力。常见的考点有：1.．．直接猜测某个词的含义；

．．．．．．．．．．．．

．．．．．．．．．．．2.．．判断文中的某个代词指代的

对象；

．．．3.．．对文中的多义词或短语进行精确定义；

．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．4.．．对英语中特有的表达、格言、谚语等进行

直接的或解释性的描述。

．．．．．．．．．．．

1．单词或短语意义猜测题

对于阅读理解而言，词汇量是制约阅读理解效果的瓶颈。词义理解题着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力，这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。考查范围涉及单词词义理解、短语意思理解或代词指代对象的确定等。

【真题印证】

(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)．..

CRM requires that the pilot/surgeon encourage others to speak up.It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite，the doctor doesn't overreact，which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again.So when I'm in the operating room，I ask for ideas and help from others.Sometimes they're not willing to speak up.But I hope that if I continue to encourage them，someday someone will keep me from “landing_gear_up”．

38．In the last paragraph “landing gear up” probably means ________．

A．following flying requirements

B．overreacting to different opinions

C．listening to what fellow doctors say

D．making a mistake that may cost lives

【解析】词义猜测题。根据本段最后几句So when I'm in the operating room...someday someone will keep me from“landing_gear_up”．(因此，当我在手术室里的时候，我征求其他医生的建议和帮助。有时他们不愿意发表意见。但是我希望如果我继续鼓励他们，有一天有人会阻止我“犯错误”。)可知，答案应选D。

【答案】 D

【真题印证】

(2013·辽宁高考)．..

We also know the bug as a flaw in a computer program or other design.That meaning dates back to the time of Thomas Edison.In 1878 he explained bugs as “little problems and difficulties” that required months of study and labor to overcome in developing a successful product.I n 1889 it was recorded that Edison “had been up the two previous nights discovering‘a bu g’i n his invented record player.”

69．What does the word “flaw” in the last paragraph probably mean?

A．Explanation. B．Finding.

C．Origin. D．Fault.

【解析】词义猜测题。根据文中的“little problems and difficulties，”可以判断出，bug如今指代电脑程序或者其他设计中需要克服的缺陷、瑕疵，故D项正确。A项意为“解释”；B项意为“发现”；C项意为“来源”；D项意为“故障；缺陷”。

【答案】 D

(2012·天津高考)You are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim or a creator.When you choose to be a victim，the world is a cold and difficult place.“They”did things to you which caused all of your pain and suffering.“They”are wrong and bad，and life is terrible as long as“they”are around.Or you may blame yourself for all your problems，thus internalizing(内化)your victimization.The truth is，your life is likely to stay that way as long as you feel a need to blame yourself or others.

...

51．What does the word“they”in Paragraph 1 probably refer to?

A．People and things around you.

B．Opportunities and problems.

C．Creators and their choices.

D．Victims and their sufferings.

【解析】代词指代题。根据上文“当你选择成为一个受害者时，这个世界就是一个充满冷漠和艰难的地方”以及下文中描述的“They”的三种表现，尤其是“they”are around，便可知they指代的是那些围绕在你身边的(不好的)并且导致你成为受害者的那些人和物。故A为最佳选项。B项错在“Opportunities”，C项错在“Creators”，D项错在“Victims”。

【答案】 A

2．句意猜测题

句意猜测题通常需要考生猜测意思的是一个具有概括性的句子，或是格言、谚语等，要求考生通过阅读文章，用合适的语句对其进行直接的或解释性的描述。

【真题印证】

(2012·江苏高考)Franz Kafka wrote that“a_book_must_be_the_ax(斧子)for_the_frozen_sea_inside_us．”I once shared this sentence with a class of seventh graders，and it didn't seem to require any explanation.

We'd just finished John Steinbeck's novel Of Mice and Men.When we read the end together out loud in class，my toughest boy，a star basketball player，wept a little，and so did I．“Are you crying？”one girl as ked，as she got out of her chair to take a closer look.“I am，”I told her，“and the funny thing is I've read it many times.”

...

Year after year，however，we are increasing the number of practice tests.We are trying to teach students to read increasingly complex texts，not for emotional punch(碰撞)but for text complexity.Yet，we cannot enrich(充实)the minds of our students by testing them on texts that ignore their hearts.We are teaching them that words do not amaze but confuse.We may succeed in raising test scores，but we will fail to teach them that reading can be transformative and that it belongs to them.

66．The underlined words in Paragraph 1 probably mean that a book helps to ________．