天津大学考博英语翻译解析 3
博士研究生英语精读教材翻译1-3课（中科院）[整理版]
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第1课知识的悖论The Paradox of Knowledge人类从古类人猿进化到当前的状态这个长久的进化过程中的最大成就是有关于人类自身、世界以及宇宙众多知识的获得和积聚。
这些知识的产物就是那些我们总称为“文化”的所有的东西，包括语言、科学、文学、艺术、所有的物质机器、仪器、我们所用的结构以及社会所依赖的物质基础设施。
我们之中大多数人认为现代社会中各种知识在不断增长，与此同时社会或群体对新知识的积累也在稳步减少我们对人类自身、世界及宇宙的未知。
然而，现有的无垠的未知领域在不断提示着我们需要批判性地分析这个设想。
普遍的观点认为，智力的演变与身体的发育相似，虽然要快上许多。
生物的进化经常被描述为“个体的进化重演物种的进化”，意思就是个体的胚胎在其从受精卵发展到人类胎儿的过程中经历了几个阶段，在这些阶段中个体胚胎类似人类物种的祖先形式。
普遍的观点认为人类从天真无邪的状态进步的，这个状态可以比作婴儿，然后逐渐的获得越来越多的知识，就像一个小孩通过学习通过了教育体系的几个年级一样。
这种观点中暗含着一种臆断，那就是种系发育类似个体发育，知识的积累最终能达到一个基本完整的阶段，至少在特定的领域中是如此，就好像社会已获得了所有的高等学位，这些学位表明它已经掌握了各个重要学科的知识。
实际上，一些杰出的科学家已经表达了这样的观点。
1894年伟大的物理学家Albert Michelson在芝加哥大学的一个演讲中讲到：虽然不能断言未来的物理学不会再取得比过去更惊人的成就，但很可能大多数的重要的基本原理都已经牢固的确立了，那么，进一步的发展将可能主要是如何将这些基本原理精确地应用到我们注意的现象上去。
人们很难在物理学领域再作突破。
在迈克尔逊讲述上一段话之后的一个世纪，科学家们在物理学上的发现远远超出了对小数点第六位测量的改进，而今天没有人会再进行与Michelson相似的阐述。
但是仍有许多人坚持认为知识有迟早达到穷尽的可能性。
天津大学考博英语翻译真题解析3
天津大学考博英语翻译真题解析1.In the past year,however,software companies have developed tools that allow companies to"push"information directly out to consumers,transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers.[参考译文]但是，在过去的一年间，软件公司已经开发出工具，使得公司可以直接将信息"推出"给顾客，直接把营销讯息传递给目标顾客。
2.The examples of Virtual Vineyards,,and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity,hospitality,and security will attract online customers.[参考译文]像Virtual Vineyards，这样的先驱网站表明，一个将交互性、热情服务和安全性合理结合以销售同类商品的网址是可以吸引网上客户注意的。
3.An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students'career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical education reform.（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537) [参考译文]有些人为了学生的就业前景为教室里放置电脑而辩，有些人为教育的彻底改革中更为广泛的理由为教室里放置电脑而辩，这两群人之间有一条无形的界线。
各校考博英语翻译 - 答案
北理工05翻译参考答案A. 1．我们不是因为种族和肤色的不同而犯错误，也不是因为性别的不同、年龄的长幼。
我们不是因为我们想犯错误而犯了选择或判断的错误。
我们都会犯错误，因为我们是普通人。
犯错误，做出错误判断和做愚蠢的事都是人类的一部分。
我们不能隐瞒自己是谁，也不能躲避我们所做的。
当我们承认了我们的错误和过失并敢于面对自己的缺点时，没有人会用这些来指责我们。
2．我们首先要对自己负责任。
我们可以帮助别人。
我们不能让我们为别人做的事或别人为我们做的事显得比我们为自己做的事更重要。
当我们发现有些事或有些人给我们的生活带来不想要的东西时，我们必须鼓起勇气和力量去制止他们。
这样做，我们就得到了自我保护了。
B. A few years ago, I got to know a young Chinese. He was very clever but highly self-willed and he was eager to go to USA for college education but failed to get admitted by Ivy &Miami University, which he applied for. Luckily, he received the scholarship from an art college, which is a small-scaled and less well-known university among the well-educated Americans. And this university is rarely known in China. All the Americans who had heard his experience were feeling happy for him. But the young man himself was anxious and confused，for the schools ranked behind and his classmates seldom heard of it and their congratulations are few. was his “success” a failure? Should he have stayed in the top university, which had admitted him in Beijing? Or should he have transferred to an American university that he thought would have admitted him? He was still hesitating when time was up that he had to leave. And he even showed regret to his friends.This was an example showing how harmful the place of the school fame or popularity is to young people. However, it was impossible for young people to what is the best university because everyone has his or her own criteria. Even if all of them may agree with certain criteria, they many still have particular opinions and evaluations of their own, which reflect the incompleteness of the information on the school they may have. Maybe one pays particular attention to the quality of the school’s library, another emphasizes the convenience of using computer, and other people may think it is important for the communication between teachers and students, rather than the quality of the library or computer room. If so, how could it be decided?北理工06翻译参考答案Section A21．每一个人都会有一些感到惭愧的、害怕的或内疚的事情。
博士研究生入学考试英语试题及详解
博士研究生入学考试英语试题及详解Doctoral Entrance Examination in EnglishPart I: Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: In this section, there are four passages followed by questions or incomplete statements. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question or complete each statement.Passage 1:Climate Change and Global WarmingClimate change refers to long-term changes in average weather patterns in a specific region or globally. Global warming, on the other hand, specifically refers to the increase in Earth's average surface temperature due to human activities. While some argue that global warming is a natural phenomenon, the overwhelming majority of scientists agree that human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation, are the primary causes of climate change.1. According to the passage, what is the main cause of global warming?A. Natural phenomenaB. Human activitiesC. Average weather patternsD. Long-term changes in climateAnswer: B. Human activities2. What is the difference between climate change and global warming?A. Climate change is caused by human activities, while global warming is natural.B. Global warming refers specifically to changes in average weather patterns.C. Climate change refers to long-term changes in climate, while global warming is due to human activities.D. Global warming specifically refers to the increase in Earth's average surface temperature due to human activities.Answer: D. Global warming specifically refers to the increase in Earth's average surface temperature due to human activities.Passage 2:The Importance of BiodiversityBiodiversity refers to the variety of plant and animal species within a certain ecosystem. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of the environment and supporting the overall health of ecosystems. Loss of biodiversity is a significant concern as it can lead to negative impacts on food security, climate stability, and overall ecosystem function.3. What is biodiversity?A. The variety of plant and animal species within a certain ecosystem.B. The balance of the environment.C. The health of ecosystems.D. The stability of climate.Answer: A. The variety of plant and animal species within a certain ecosystem.4. Why is loss of biodiversity a concern?A. It leads to an increase in food security.B. It has no impact on climate stability.C. It can negatively affect food security, climate stability, and ecosystem function.D. It supports overall ecosystem function.Answer: C. It can negatively affect food security, climate stability, and ecosystem function.Part II: Writing (60 points)Directions: In this section, write an essay on one of the following topics. Your essay should be approximately 400 words in length.1. The Impact of Technology on Society2. Education in the Digital Age3. The Importance of Cross-Cultural Communication4. Sustainable Development and Environmental ConservationPart III: Speaking (60 points)Directions: In this section, you will be asked to discuss one of the following topics. You will have five minutes to prepare your response and three minutes to present it.1. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Online Learning2. The Influence of Social Media on Relationships3. Effective Strategies for Time Management4. The Role of Government in Promoting Renewable EnergyDetailed explanations and model answers for Part II and Part III will be provided during the examination.Good luck with your doctoral entrance examination in English!。
天津大学考博英语翻译真题解析—育明考博
天津大学考博英语翻译真题解析 The market share of international students enjoyed by British andUS universities has dropped sharply as Australia，Japan and NewZealand become increasingly popular destinations，according to aninternational comparison of education systems published yesterday.The latest edition of Education at a Glance，an annual auditpublished by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation andDevelopment，showed that although foreign students continue to beattracted to the two countries because of the English languageteaching and perceived quality of education，in relative terms theirposition is weakening.The Paris-based organisation reported that US market share fell2 per cent from 2002-3，while the UK suffered the fastest decline amongOECD members，falling from 16.2 per cent in 1998 to 13.5 percent in2003.（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ: 772678537) The most recent year used by the report is 2003 so the percentagesdid not include a 21.3 per cent fall in the number of Chinese studentsaccepted for university courses in Britain this year. Britain isincreasingly reliant on the higher fees paid by students from outsidethe European Union to help sustain its universities for domesticstudents.（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ: 772678537) The overall number of students studying outside their owncountries stood at 2.1m in 2003，an 8.3 percent annual average increasesince 1998.According to the report the international complexion of US campuses has changed strikingly since September 11 2001. The country''s universities have seen decreases of 10-37 per cent in students from the Gulf states，northern Africa and some south-east Asian countries.The report also concluded that despite continued，if uneven，growth in the number of graduates churned out by the rich world''s universities，the monetary value of a degree showed no sign of having been tarnished.Andreas Schleicher，head of the Indicators and Analysis Division of the OECD''s Directorate of Education，said there was no evidence of inflation of the labour-market value of qualifications and that graduates could expect to continue to earn considerably more than those without a degree.Assessing the performance of the world''s schools，Mr Schleicher said Asia was soaring while Europe remained level and South America had slipped into relative decline.一、全文翻译英美大学留学生人数骤跌据昨天公布的一项国际教育体系比较研究称，英美大学的留学生市场份额急剧下降，而澳大利亚、日本和新西兰日益成为受欢迎的留学目的地。
天津大学考博英语真题整理及考试方式
天津大学考博英语真题整理及考试方式一、考试方式考试采用笔试方式 时间为180分钟 满分为100分。
二、考试内容与试卷结构试题共分为五个部分 听力理解、选词填空、阅读理解、英汉翻译、写作。
1、听力理解该部分测试考生听力理解的技能及对英语口语信息的短期记忆能力 考查考生判断对话场景、人物关系及身份 理解说话者的意图、观点或态度 理解话语要点和含义 获取具体信息 理解中心思想等方面的能力。
考生听过一段对话后 回答所提问题 录音只放一遍。
该部分共10小题 考生从每题给出的4个选项中 选出最佳答案。
每小题1分 共10分。
（PS：育明考博课程咨询方式 扣扣：547.063 .862 TEL：四零零六六八六九七八 有售各院校真题）2、选词填空该部分考查考生对不同语境中规范的语言要素的掌握程度 包括词汇、短语和句子结构以及对语段特征的辨识能力 如衔接与连贯等。
此题中在一篇文章中留出10个空白要求考生从所提供的15个词汇中选出最佳答案 使填空后的文章意义通顺、连贯 结构完整。
该部分共10小题 每题1分 共10分。
3、阅读理解A. 该部分考查考生对书面英语的理解能力 其中包括理解具体信息 掌握文章大意 以及根据语境推断未知信息。
该部分共3篇文章 每篇文章5个问题 考生从4个选项中选出最佳答案。
每篇文章约600词左右 每题2分 共30分。
B. 该部分为一篇文章 其中有5段空白 文章后有7~8段文字。
考生根据文章内容选择合适的段落填入文章的空白处。
该部分共5题 每题2分 共10分。
4.翻译个部分翻译成汉语。
主要测试考生是否能从语篇的角度正确理解英语原句的意思 并能用准确、达意的汉语书面表达出来 共20分。
5、写作该部分考查考生的书面表达能力。
要求考生根据提示信息、所给题目或所提供的图或 表格等写出一篇说明或议论型短文或根据提供的一篇文章写出其摘要。
文章应主题明确有逻辑性语言规范长度不少于200词共20分。
天津大学博士研究生入学考试非英语专业考试大纲样题Part I. Listening Comprehension (10 %)Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B),C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.1. A) He has proved to be a better reader than the woman.B) He has difficulty understanding the book.C) He cannot get access to the assigned book.D) He cannot finish his assignment before the deadline.2. A) She will drive the man to the supermarket. B) The man should buya car of his own. C) The man needn't go shopping every week.D) She can pick the man up at the grocery store.Part IV Banked Cloze (10 %)Directions: Fill in the blanks in the following passage by selecting suitable words from the Word Bank. You may not use any of the words more than once. You have seen a friend succeed. No doubt you feel joy at this.You love your friend,and maybe you even helped him accomplish his goal. ____1____, there is another feeling, a dark feeling, within you. You begin to wish that it was youthis envious feeling starts off like a tiny seed. But then, like aseed, it grows. It threatens to ____2____ you. Of course you feel bad about your feelings, as they have become a(n) ____3____ to your friendship. Still, there doesn't seem to be anything that you can do. Facing your friend invariably leads to more ____4____ between you. Avoiding him just seems to ____5____ the gulf between you.Instead of feeling ____6____ about your envy or hating your friend, you should take a different ____7___. Use your friend's success as a challenge. He has succeeded. This means that you can succeed as well. By thinking this way, you are ____8____ your feelings and redirecting them into a course of action that won't ruin your friendship. Remember that friendships can ____9_____ friendly competition. You cannot, however, maintain your friendship if you ____10____ envy.A) approach B) goal C) tension D) harbor E) remainF) survive G) harnessing H) widen I) overwhelm J) overtakeK) establish L) still M) guilty N) responsible O) handicapPart III. Reading Comprehension (40%)Part A.Directions: In this part there are three passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the correct answer.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous and helpful most Americans were to them. To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American. There are, of course, exceptions. Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment. For a long periodotherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of thefamilies who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world. The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality.Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of choicefor the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didn’t take in thestranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation. Today there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especiallyin the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. "I was just traveling through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invitedme home for dinner—amazing." Such observations reported by visitors to the US arenot uncommon, but are not always understood properly.The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition. As is true of any developed society, in America a complexset of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily meanthat someone understands social and cultural patterns. Visitors who fail to "translate" cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example, when an American uses the word "friend", the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitor’s language and culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue1、In the eyes of visitors from the outside world, ___________.A. rude taxi drivers are rarely seen in the USB) small-minded officials deserve a serious commentC) Canadians are not so friendly as their neighborsD. most Americans are ready to offer help2、It could be inferred from the last paragraph that ___________.A) culture exercises an influence over social interrelationshipB) courteous convention and individual interest are interrelatedC) various virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friendsD) social interrelationships equal the complex set of cultural conventions3、Families in frontier settlements used to entertain strangers ___________.A) to improve their hard lifeB) in view of their long-distance travelC) to add some flavor to their own daily lifeD) out of a charitable impulse4、The tradition of hospitality to strangers ___________.A) tends to be superficial and artificialB) is generally well kept up in the united StatesC) is always understood properlyD) has something to do with the busy tourist trails5、What’s the author’s attitudes toward the American’s friendliness?A) Favorable.B) Unfavorable.C) Indifferent. D) Neutral.Part BDirections: In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1-5, choose the most suitable one from the list A-H to fit into eachuse. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10%)From her vantage point she watched the main doors swing open and the first arrivals pour in.Those who had been at the head of the line paused momentarily on entry, looked around curiously, then quickly moved forward as others behind pressed in. Within moments the central public area of the big branch bank was filled with a chattering, noisy crowd. The building, relatively quiet less than a minute earlier, had become a Babel. Edwina saw a tall heavyset black man wave some dollar bills and declare loudly, "I want to put my money in the bank".1.It seemed as if the report about everyone having come to open an account had been accurate after all.Edwina could see the big man leaning back expansively, still holding his dollar bills. His voice cut across the noise of other conversations and she heard him proclaim, "I'm in no hurry. There's something I'd like you to explain." Two other desks were quickly manned by other clerks. With equal speed, long wide lines of people formed in front of them.Normally, three members of staff were ample to handle new account business, but obviously were inadequate now. Edwina could see Tottenhoe on the far side of the bank and called him on the intercom. She instructed, "Use more desks for new account and take all the staff you can spare to man them."2.Tottenhoe grumbled in reply, "You realize we can't possibly process all these people today, and however many we do will tie us up completely." "I' ve an idea," Edwina said, "that's what someone has in mind. Just hurry the processing all you can."3.security, and family matters. A specimen signature was obtained. Then proof of identity was needed. After that, the new accounts clerk would take all documents to an officer of the bank for approval and initialing. Finally, a savings passbook was made out or a temporary checkbook issued.Therefore the most new accounts that any bank employee could open in an hour were five, so the three clerks presently working might handle a total of ninety in one business day, if they kept going at top speed, which was unlikely. 4.Still the noise within the bank increased. It had become an uproar. A further problem was that the growing mass of arrivals in the central public area of the bank was preventing access to tellers' counters by other customers. Edwina could see a few of them outside, regarding the milling scene with consternation. While she watched, several gave up and walked away.Inside the bank some of the newcomers were engaging tellers in conversation and the tellers, having nothing else to do because of the melee, chatted back. Two assistant managers had gone to the central floor area and were trying to regulate the flood of people so as to clear some space at counters. They were having small success.5.She decided it was time for her own intervention. Edwina left the platform and a railed-off staff area and, with difficulty, made her way through the milling crowd to the main front door.A. Yet she knew however much they hurried it would still take ten to fifteen minutes to open any single new account. It always did. The paperwork required that time.B. But still no hostility was evident. Everyone in the now jam-packed bank who was spoken to by members of the staff answered politely and with a smile. It seemed,C. It's an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database.D. Even leaning close to the intercom, it was hard to hear above the noise.E. Even tripling ate present complement of clerks would permit very few more than two hundred and fifty accounts (o be opened in a day, yet already, in the first few minutes of business, the bank was crammed with at least four hundred people, with still more flooding in, and the line outside, which Edwina rose to check, appeared as long as ever.F. Obviously someone had alerted the press in advance, which explained the presence of the TV camera crew outside. Edwina wondered who had done it.G. Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise.H. A security guard directed him, "Over there for new accounts." The guard pointed to a desk where a clerk - a young girl - sat waiting. She appeared nervous. The big man walked toward her, smiled reassuringly, and sat down. Immediately a press of others moved into a ragged line behind him, waiting for their turn.Part IV Translation (20%)Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments intoChinese. Your translation should be written carefully on the ANSWER SHEET. In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts rather like a one-way mirror — the glass in the roofof a greenhouse which allows the sun’s rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping.According to a weather experts prediction, the atmosphere will be 3℃ warmer in2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate. If this warming up tookplace, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several metres andseverely flooding coastal cities. Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to greatchanges in the climate of the northern hemisphere, possibly resulting in an alteration of earth’schief food-growing zones.In the past, concern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arcticbecause the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet. But the weather experts arenow paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees ofwarming: in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fiftyyears from the burning of fuels. Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing. Theevidence available suggests that a warming has taken place. This fits the theory that carbondioxide warms the earth.However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere, where temperatures seem tobe falling. Scientists conclude, therefore, that up to now natural influences on the weather haveexceeded those caused by man. The question is: Which natural cause has most effectweather?One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun. Astronomers at one research station havestudied the hot spots and “cold” spots (that is, the relatively less hot spots) on the sun. As the sunrotates, every 27.5 days, it presents hotter or “colder” faces to the earth, and different aspects todifferent parts of the earth. This seems to have a considerable effect on the distribution of theearth’s atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation. The sun is also variable over along term: its heat output goes up and down in cycles, the latest trend being downward.Scientists are now finding mutual relations between models of solar-weather interactions andthe actual climate over many thousands of years, including the last Ice Age. The problem is thatthe models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not. One wayof solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solareffects overcome the inertia (惯性) of the earth's climate. If this is right, the warming effect ofcarbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful counter-balance to the sun’s diminishing heat.Part V. Writing (20%)Directions: People are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of health.中国考博辅导首选学校different ways to stay healthy. Some exercise everyday; others try to keep abalanced diet; stillothers try to keep happy all the time. What do you think is the best way to stayhealthy?Write an essay of about 200 words about the following topic:The Best Way to Stay HealthyYou are to write in three paragraphs:1. The importance of health2. Different people have different ideas about staying healthy3. What you think is the best way to stay healthy本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。
天津大学考博英语必备语法解析
天津大学考博英语必备语法解析简单句之所以简单是因为成分单一便于读者理解。
而四级阅读理解中，出题人为增加阅读难度，就会把几个谓语动词放在一个句子当中。
但是无论局势如何变化，英语句子本身就犹如一棵大树，只能有一个主干起支撑作用，其他起辅助作用。
解决方法：遇到多个谓语动词连用情况要分清主句谓语动词和从句的谓语动词。
剔除细枝末节之后，句子也就好理解了。
例如：Scratchy throats,stuffy noses and body aches all spell misery, but being able to tell if the cause is a cold or flu(流感)may make a difference in how long the misery lasts.(2005.1).解析：此句是由but引导的并列句。
前面一句话容易理解，谓语动词是spell,关键看后一句话。
but引导的句子黑体下划线是主语，该句子真正谓语动词是may make，如下面所示：but being able to tell if the cause is a cold or flu(流感)may make a difference in how long the misery lasts.翻译：喉咙发痒、鼻塞、浑身酸痛都令人痛苦，但是能够确定造成这种痛苦的根源是普通感冒还是流感，对这种痛苦能折磨你多就会起关键作用。
举例作为插入语(显著词such as;for example;including etc.).插入语主要起补充或说明的作用，我们在进行快速阅读的时候通常会把它省略，即忽略不看。
但是，笔者在这里要提出的一点是，如果根据文章问题回原文定位句子时，如果定位的关键句子包含了以上插入语中的任何一种形式，则答案往往就在此处。
例如：（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537)原文：Finally,other people may give us instrumental support—financial aid,material resources,and needed services—that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems.考题：Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work is an example of.A.instrumental supportrmational support.C.social companionshipD.the strengthening of self-respect.(1)Cold symptoms such as stuffy nose,runny nose and scratchy throat typically develop gradually,and adults and teens often do not get a fever.(2005.1).翻译：普通感冒患者的一些典型症状，如鼻塞、流鼻涕、喉咙发痒，发作比较缓慢，成人和青少年患者一般不会有发热症状。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-天津师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：5
2022年考研考博-考博英语-天津师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The doctors don’t（）that the patient will live much longer.问题1选项A.entailB.manifestC.articulateD.anticipate【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。
entail意为“牵涉，需要”；manifest意为“显示，表明”；articulate意为“口齿清楚，清晰发(音)”；anticipate意为“预料，预期”。
句意：医生们预计病人活不了多久了。
2.单选题The government has a big role to play in creating laws that protects earth’s natural water resources from total destruction and （）information to the public with ways and means to conserve water.问题1选项A.dispersingB.annotatingC.announcingD.disseminating【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。
disperse意为“（使）分散，驱散”；annotate意为“注解，注释”；announce 意为“宣布，宣告”；disseminate意为“散布，传播”。
句意：政府在制定保护地球自然水资源免遭全面破坏的法律方面发挥着重要作用，通过各种方法向公众宣传信息提倡节约用水。
3.单选题（）teller machines have reduced the need for bank visits to obtain cash and carry out transactions.问题1选项A.CorrelatedB.AutomatedC.IncorporatedD.Prototyped【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。
天津大学考博英语翻译真题解析 9
天津大学考博英语翻译真题解析1.But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility,they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least'a few decisions for them-selves-goals that pose a real challenge.[参考译文]但是如果机器人要达到节省人工的下一个阶段，它们将必须在更少的人力监督之下工作，而且还要能够自己作出至少几个决定--这些目标才会引发真正的挑战。
2.But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the98percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd.[参考译文]但是人类的头脑可以只迅速地瞟一眼一个快速改变的场面，然后立刻放弃98%的不相关部分，而马上聚焦于一条崎岖森林道路边的一只猴子，或者在茫茫人海中的一张可疑的脸。
3.The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged$22a barrel for a full year,compared with$13in1998,this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only0.25---0.5%of GDP.（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537) [参考译文]OECD在其最近的《经济瞭望》中估计，如果石油价格与1998年的每桶13美元相比在一年中平均为每22美元，这也只会给富裕的经济体的石油进口账单上增加GDP的0.25%到0.5%。
各校考博英语翻译
北理工05翻译A. Translate the following two short paragraphs into Chinese.(10 points)1. We do not make mistakes on the basis of race or color. We don not make them because we are male or female, young or old. We do no make mistakes of choice or judgments because we want to make mistakes. We make them because we are human. Mistakes, bad judgments, the stupid things we do are all a part of being human. We cannot hide from who we are. We should not hide from what we do. When we acknowledge our mistakes or errors and face up to our human shortcomings, no one can use them against us.2. We are first and foremost responsible to and for ourselves. We can help other people. We can assist other people. What we cannot do is make what we do for others or others do for us more important than what we do for ourselves. When we find something or someone creating in our lives something we don not want, we must muster the courage and strength to tell them to stop it. When we do, we preserve our sense of self.B. Translate the following two paragraphs into English.(20 points)几年前我认识一个非常聪明但任性的中国青年，他急切地想去美国读大学，但又没有被他申请的长春藤合会名牌大学录取。
天津大学博士生考试英语
天津大学博士英语考试试卷科目： 博士生英语学院：专业：I. Listening Comprehension: (25%)Section ADirections : In this section, you will hear 8 short conversationsand 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer.1. A) She is a little tired. B) She is going to study.C) She wants to listen to music.D) She is going to make a reservation. 2. A) At an art exhibit. B) In a supermarket. C) In a shoe store. D) In a clothing store. 3. A) They had no time.B) They couldn’t afford it after buying their motor -bike. C) The old one was still working.D) They both want to buy a motor-bike.4. A) She doesn’t understand the man’s question. B) She’ll have the test ready in a few days.C) She has a few questions about the man ’s schedule.D) The man may not take the test early.5. A) In a hotel.B) In a furniture store.C) In a campground.D) In a private home.6. A) A prince lives a better life than a princess.B) He wishes he could be a prince.C) He is not sure if he wants to be a prince.D) He hates the idea of being a prince.7. A) She can’t understand why the man is thirsty.B) The man ought to go to the laundromat.C) The laundromat is too far away.D) She will not wash the man’s clothes for him.8. A) Work on the assignment a little bit at a time.B) Finish the assignment on time.C) Take the assignment to someone else this time.D) Stop working on the assignment.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9.A) He prefers the smaller evening classes.B) He has signed up for a day course.C) He has to work during the day.D) He finds the evening course cheaper.10. A) Learn a computer language.B) Learn data processing.C) Buy some computer software.D) Buy a few course books.11. A) Thursday evening, from 7:00 to 9:45.B) From September 1 to New Year’s eve.C) Every Monday, lasting for 12 weeks.D) Three hours a week, 45 hours in total.12. A) What to bring for registration.B) Where to attend the class.C) How he can get to Frost Hall.D) Whether he can use a check.Questions 13 to15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.13. A) A training coach.B) A trading adviser.C) A professional manager.D) A financial trader.14. A) He can save on living expenses.B) He considers cooking creative.C) He can enjoy healthier food.D) He thinks take-away is tasteless.15. A) It is something inevitable.B) It is frustrating sometimes.C) It takes patience to manage.D) It can be a good thing.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) Stopped migrating.B) Continued migrating.C) Began migrating again.D) Migrated south and stay there.17. A) There was not enough food there in the winter.B) There were too many birds.C) There were too many glaciers.D) There was too much daylight.18. A) To test the relationship between daylight and a disease of the glands commonto birds.B) To test the relationship between daylight and migration.C) To test the relationship between migration and temperature.D) To test the relationship between daylight and changes in the season.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) A scientist.B) A graduate.C) A colleague.D) An undergraduate20. A) To present their results.B) To show off their results.C) To make themselves brave.D) To become active people.21. A) To get information.B) To know the related areas.C) To know the latest news.D) To make friends.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) It’s an urgent announcement.B) It’s an important announcement.C) The managers wish to divert their workers from their work.D) It’s about an important promotion.23. A) 7 a.m. B) 11 p.m. C) 8 p.m. D) 3 a.m.24. A) To show the importance of their decision.B) To play a joke on the American manager.C) To start cooperation as soon as possible.D) To show that they were very efficient.25. A) He was irritated.B) He was well pleased.C) He was very much troubled.D) He prepared himself for a fight.II. Vocabulary: (35%):A. Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For eachsentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D.Choose the one interview that best completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheetwith a single line through the center.26. The ______ of consultation is to listen to, and take account of, the views ofthose consulted.A. essenceB. thesisC. synthesisD. instinct27. At the far end of the lake some buffaloes were bathing, ______ so deeply thatonly their heads were visible.A. overwhelmedB. immersedC. degeneratedD. engulfed28. With their far superior technology, the Western forces completely ______Saddam’s army.A. suppressedB. overwhelmedC. bledD. segregated29. The two ingredients should be placed together in a bottle and shakenvigorously until they are ______.A. filteredB. discriminatedC. blendedD. engaged30. The little girl started to cry in order to ______ sympathy and pity in herparents.A. confineB. evokeC. awaitD. induce31. They ______ to safety as a massive wall of water smashed their caravans andswept away dozens of cars.A. paralyzedB. spunC. roamedD. dashed32. In 20 years only one company with an investment-grade rating from Moody’has ______ long-term debt – one that went bankrupt voluntarily to protect itself from lawsuits.A. defaulted onB. relied onC. accounted forD. cried for33. He said he did not ______ the difficulties the party faced in regaining ameasure of popular trust.A. demonstrateB. underestimateC. speculateD. outweigh34. The king was forced to leave the country over which he had ______ for morethan 30 years.A. prevailB. reignedC. stumbledD. lingered35. His health had been affected, and might ______ altogether if the straincontinued.A. break downB. cool offC. lit upD. sprout up36. We shall be grateful if you will ______ space for any of the enclosedadvertisements in your publications.A. donateB. forgeC. impartD. specify37. From his office on the 22nd floor of the famous four-towered BMW HQ, he______ formidable power and commands enormous respect.A. swingsB. wieldsC. yieldsD. contemplated38. The little woman looked a ______ sight, standing before him with red, swolleneyes and tear-streaked cheeks.A. desirableB. rottenC. shabbyD. pathetic39. Since my father’s death there had been, as it were, a ______ in my homewhich nobody could fill.A. liabilityB. vacancyC. agonyD. bureaucracy40. The report praises the efforts being made in our city to extract energy fromwaste and to ______ paper, glass, plastics and steel cans.A. differentiateB. resistC. recycleD. mobilize41. Some articles are clearly written as a by-product of teaching, perhaps ______from lectures or intended to form part of a book.A. adaptedB. reformedC. revivedD. sprayed42. At one point last fall, when Swedish rates rose to 17%, such deals ______ anet annualized return of 8%, with little exchange-rate risk.A. fulfilledB. yieldedC. exemplifiedD. documented43. T ales of squadrons bombing their own units are here in ______.A. exposureB. abundanceC. incidenceD. arrangement44. The church is full of ______ works of craftsmanship which have been donatedby individuals.A. exquisiteB. commercialC. metallicD. remote45. It is a question Michael Joseph is likely to ______ long and hard over theweeks to come.A. poseB. superviseC. harborD. ponderB. Directions: Study the meaning of the phrasal verbs listed below andthen complete each of the following sentences with an appropriate phrasal verb in its proper form.46. We already have our hands full. Let the matter ________ till next week.47. The emergency ________ reserves of energy which she did not know shepossessed.48. It wasn’t long before we ________ a plan acceptable to all.49. Though very tired, the students ________ the discussion late into the night.50. ________ facts, I can’t see anything to support what he says.51. It is usually easier to ________ the meaning of a sentence in a given context.52. I’m not sure if I want to take this course; may I ______ for the first week tosee if I like it?53. Don’t be afraid. No matter what happens, I’ll ________ you.54. Thieves ________ last night while the family was away on vacation.55. There is no point in waiting for something to ________; you have to takeaction.56. We can come through any crisis if we ________. I’m certain of that.57. The village was ________ by floods for nearly a week.58. Miss Green returned to work after she ________ her illness.59. The custom is said to have been ________ from the 18th century.60. John must ________ for a few days until his leg mends.III. Reading Comprehension (20%)Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage:The current vogue, in the West, of Yoga and Zen（禅宗）may prove to have been no more than a transitory Western fashion. It may be doubted whether the average modern Westerner genuinely understands and practices either Zen or Yoga. However, it is also possible that these are sincere attempts to re-activate, among Westerners, the normal human faculty of spiritual contemplation. In the Middle Ages, Westerners, like other people, did practice contemplation. This is a necessary condition for spiritual health, and modern Westerners are suffering spiritually for having abandoned the practice of contemplation deliberately. Moreover, the East has other lessons for the West which the West certainly ought to learn and to take to heart.For instance, the West could perhaps learn from the East how to re-capture Man's original harmony with the rest of Nature. Man is an integral part of Nature. When he alienates himself from her and tries to dominate her as if he were outside Nature and were not rooted in Nature, Man runs into trouble. The degree of modern Western Man's alienation from Nature can be measured by the potency of modern technology, for technology is an instrument for dominating Nature. The technologically advanced countries are already paying the price of theirsuper-technology. Two items in this price are pollution and inflation.Shinto stands for a harmonious cooperation between Man and the rest of Nature. It recognizes that Nature is holy; that she has sacred rights; that Man has a religious obligation to respect these rights; and that, if he violates them, he will bring retribution on himself. The Japanese people have already begun to bring retribution on themselves by polluting Nature.Taoism (道教) sets its face against imposing Man's will on Nature by means of technology. This Chinese philosophy took shape at some dale between the sixth and the fourth century B. C., when technology was still rudimentary, if judged by present-day standards. Yet already the Taoist philosophers were taking alarm; they were calling for a return to a simpler way of life. It is now evident that they were far-sighted. The Taoist philosophy is what the world now needs. It is needed today by West and East alike, now that the potent modern technology, which was invented in the West two hundred years ago, is being adopted all round the globe.61. Yoga or Zen ___________.A.is only a transitory Western fashionB.is not genuinely understood by the average modern westernersC.is in fashion now in the WestD.is a popular sport .62. This passage implies that ____________.A.it is wrong to abandon spiritual contemplationB.the Westerners practice contemplation in the Middle EastC.the Westerners abandon the practice of contemplation deliberatelyD.the East has other lessons for the West63. What is the main topic of this passage?A.Why are Yoga and Zan popular in the West?B.What does the West have to learn from the East?C.How to recapture Man’s original harmony with the rest of Nature?D.How to practice spiritual contemplation?64. The author of this passage _________________.A.disagrees with Taoist’s philosophyB.prefers Shinto to TaoismC.seems to be against modern technologyD.prefers super-technology to spiritual contemplation65. According to the passage ______________.A.it is very expensive to buy super-technologyB.it costs a lot to deal with the problems of pollution and inflationC.the technologically advanced countries are richer than other countriesD.both pollution and inflation are caused by modern technologyQuestions 66-70 are based on the following passage.There is one kind of pain for which nobody has yet found a cure--the pain that comes from the ending of a relationship. The relationship could be a marriage or a deep friendship. Such a relationship may come to a sudden end; or it may simply fade away slowly as people and circumstances change. You may be the one to "break it off ", with a short note or a brief phone call. Or you may be on the receiving end. However it ended and whoever decided to end it, the pain is equally hard to hear and it requires the same time for grief. Although there is no cure for grief, we can not help looking for one, to ease the pain and to make us forget our tears. We keep ourselves busy with work, or we try to plunge ourselves in our hobbies. Perhaps we start to drink more than we should to drown our sorrows, or we follow the conventional advice and join a club or society. But these things cannot cure it. Moreover, we are always in a hurry to get rid of our grief. We feel that we should try to convince ourselves, as we bite on the pillow, that we are much too old to be crying. Some people bury their grief deep inside themselves. Others seek relief by pouring their hearts out to their friends, or to anyone else who can offer a sympathetic shoulder to cry on. It is not easy to explain why we adopt this attitude to emotional pain, when we would never expect anyone to overcome physical pain simply by an effort of will power. Part of the answer must lie in the nature of grief itself. The important thing to admit about grief, then, is that it will take its time. By trying to convince ourselves that it ought to be over sooner, we create an additional tension which can only make things worse. How much time is needed will vary from person to person, butpsychiatrists have a rule of thumb: grief will last as long as the original relationship lasted. The sad thing is that, when the breakdown occurs, we can only stumble forward over the stones beneath our feet. It is dark ahead, and we will fall painfully many times before we begin to see the light at the end of the tunnel.66. It is the author’s belief that _______________.A.there is no way to kill the pain from the ending of a relationshipB.those who break up the relationship do not suffer from the pain from the endingof a relationshipC.people suffer from the pain only when the relationship comes to a sudden endD.Both A and B.67. Which is closest in meaning to the underlined term drown our sorrow?A.To get rid of grief by drinking too much alcohol.B.To feel sorry for drinking too muchC.To end our life by drinking an excessive amount of alcoholD.To be overwhelmed by grief68. Psychiatrists believe that _____________.A.grief lasts longer if your friends break off the relationshipB.grief lasts in proportion to the duration of your friendshipC.grief lasts longer if you value your friendship a lotD.grief ends as soon as you set up a new friendship with someone else69. The passage tells us that __________.A.we cannot relieve our emotional pain no matter how hard we tryB.it takes time and efforts to relieve our emotional painC.we do not have to suffer from any emotional pain if we try our best to reduce itD.there is little point in making our efforts to relieve our emotional pain70. What is the best title for this passage?A.Emotional painB.How to relieve your emotional pain?C.Emotional pain and physical painD.Who suffers most?Part IV Cloze (10%)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.An important factor of leadership is attraction. This does not mean attractiveness in the ordinary sense, for that is a quality 71 our control. The leader has, nevertheless, to be a magnet; a 72 figure towards whom people are 73 .Magnetism in that sense depends, first of all, on being 74 . There is a type of Authority which can be 75 from behind closed doors, but that is not a leadership. 76 there is movement and action, the true leader is in the forefront and may seem, indeed, to be everywhere at once. He has to become a legend; the 77 for anecdotes, whether true or false; a character. One of the simplest devices is to be 78 on the occasion when the leader might be 79 to be there, enough in itself to start a rumor about the vital 80 which has detained him. To make up for this, he can 81 when least expected, giving rise to another story about the interest he can display 82 things which other folks might 83 as trivial. With this gift for 84 curiosity the leader always combines a reluctance to 85 about himself. His interest is plainly in other people; he questions them and encourages them to talk and then 86 all that is relevant. He never leaves a party 87 he has mentally filed a minimum dossier (档案) on 88 present, ensuring that he knows 89 to say when he meets them again. He is not artificially extrovert (性格外向的) but he would usually rather listen than talk. Others 90 gradually that his importance needs proof.71. A. beyond B. of C. under D. by72. A. vital B. central C. strange D. conspicuous73. A. united B. dragged C. drawn D. hauled74. A. observed B. heard C. watched D. seen75. A. exercised B. respected C. recognized D. imposed76. A. Whether B. Where C. As D. Since77. A. object B. topic C. subject D. excuse78. A. present B. absolute C. abstract D. absent79. A. appointed B. instructed C. arranged D. expected80. A. matter B. thing C. business D. affair81. A. leave B. appear C. show D. hide82. A. in B. at C. on D. about83. A. think B. regard C. look D. deal84. A. creating B. originating C. inspiring D. spreading85. A. communicate B. say C. reveal D. talk86. A. commits B. cites C. remembers D. notes87. A. when B. until C. as D. while88. A. everyone B. anyone C. someone D. one89. A. how B. what C. that D. whether90. A. know B. appreciate C. realize D. acknowledgeVI. Writing (10%)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to a composition on the topic Success.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in English:Success1.成功的含义2.我的见解3.怎样才能成功？Answer SheetI. Listening Comprehension:1. __________2. __________3. __________4. __________5. __________6. __________7. __________8. __________9. __________ 10. _________ 11. _________ 12. _________ 13. _________ 14. _________ 15 _________ 16. _________ 17. _________ 18. _________ 19. _________ 20. _________ 21. _________ 22. _________ 23. _________ 24. _________ 25. _________ II. VocabularyA: 26. ________ 27. ________ 28. ________ 29. ________ 30. _________ 31. _______ 32. _______ 33. _______ 34. ______ 35. ________ 36. _______ 37. _______ 38. _______ 39. ______ 40. ________ 41. _______ 42. _______43. ________ 44. ______ 45. ________ B: 46. ________ 47. ________ 48. ________ 49. ________ 50. _________ 51. _______ 52. _______ 53. _______ 54. ______ 55. ________ 56. _______ 57. _______ 58. _______ 59. ______ 60. ________ III. Reading Comprehension:61. __________ 62. __________ 63. __________ 64. __________ 65. __________ 66. _________ 67. ________ 68. _________ 69. ________ 70. ________ IV Cloze71. __________ 72. __________ 73. __________ 74. __________ 75. __________ 76. ________ 77. ________ 78. _________ 79. ________ 80. ________ 81. ________ 82. _______ 83. ________ 84. _______ 85. ________ 86. ________ 87. _______ 88. ________ 89. _______ 90. ________V. Composition:_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________KeysI. Listening Comprehension: （25%）(每题1分)1 D2 D3 B4 D5 C6.B 7 B 8 A 9 C 10 B11 C 12 A 13 D 14 B 15D16 B 17 B 18 B 19 B 20 A21 D 22 B 23 C 24 A 25 CII. Vocabulary (35%): (每题1分)A. 26．A 27．B 28．B 29．C 30．B 31．D 32．A 33．B 34．B 35．A36. A 37. B 38. D 39. B 40.C 41. A 42. B 43. B 44. A 45. DB. 46. lie over 47. called forth 48. worked out 49. carried on50. Getting down to 51. pick out 52. sit in 53. stand by 54. broke in55. turn up 56. hang together 57. cut off 58. got over 59. carried down 60. lie upIII. Reading Comprehension: （20%）（每题2分）61 C 62 A 63 B 64 C 65 D66 A 67 A 68 B 69 D 70 APart IV Cloze （10%）（每题0.5分）71. A 72. B 73. C 74. D 75. A 76. B 77. C 78.D 79. D 80.C81. B 82. A 83. B 84. C 85. D 86. C 78. B 88.A 89. B 90.CVI. Composition: （10%）(共10分)。
天津大学翻译课unit3词汇翻译技巧
Unit Three词汇翻译技巧词汇是构成语言的基本单位，就像盖房子要用到的砖头，No brick,no construction; no words, no composition.（无砖不成房，无词不成章），因此，词汇层面的翻译是翻译活动中最基本的部分。
一、词义的引申所谓词义引申，就是在不能做到和原语语义完全等值的情况下，根据目的语的习惯和上下文的要求，从原义出发获得一种新的语义的翻译方法。
1.通过词义转换加以引申在英汉词语中，有时会遇到某些词找不到恰当的释义，若盲目照搬套用，势必会使译文生涩别扭。
因而应当对释义加以适度的转变和扩充。
例1：We insist that international trade should not be a one-way street.我们一贯主张，国际贸易不应当有来无往．．．．。
例2：实现了上述目标，中国的综合国力和人民生活水平都将再上一个大台阶．．．．．．。
Fulfillment of the aforementioned goals will yield substantial progress inexpanding China’s comprehensive nat ional strength and improving the livingstandards of her people.2.将词义做抽象化的引申在英汉词语中，常常用表具体形象的词或短语来表示一种属性、事物或概念。
翻译这类词时，可将其词义作抽象化引申，用比较笼统概括的词加以表达，以使译文流畅、自然。
我们可以将表示具体形象的词译成该形象所代表的属性的词。
例1：Every life has its rosesand thorns.每个人的生活都有甜有苦．．．．。
例2：外语现在很吃香。
Foreign languages become very popular now.解析：“吃香”在汉语里是形象说法，实指“很时髦”。
天津大学考博英语阅读理解解析
天津大学考博英语阅读理解解析The physical distribution of products has two primary aspects: transportation and storage. Both aspects are highly developed and specialized phases of marketing. The costs of both trans-porting and storing are built into the prices of products. Transportation can be by truck, rail-way, ship, or barge. For some items, such as exotic plants and flowers, or when rapid delivery is essential, air freight may be used.Storage, or warehousing, is a necessary function because production and consumption of goods rarely match: items generally are not sold as quickly as they are made. Inventories build up, both in warehouses and at retail establishments, before the foods are sold. The transporta-tion function is involved in bringing goods to a warehouse and taking them from it to retail stores.Storage performs the service of stabilizing market price. If, for example, no agricultural product could be stored, all food would have to be put on the market immediately. This would, of course, create a glut and lower prices drastically. There would be an immediate benefit to consumers, but in the long run they would suffer. Farmers, because of low prices, would be forced off the land, and the amount of food produced would decrease. This, in turn, would raise consumer prices.（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ: 772678537) Warehouses for storage are of several types. Private warehouses are owned by manufactur-ers. Public warehouses, in spite of their name, are privately owned facilities, but they are in-dependent of manufacturer ownership. General-merchandise warehouses store a great variety of products. Cold-storage warehouses store perishable goods, especially food products. Grain ele-vators are a kind of warehouse used to keep wheat and other grains from spoiling. A bonded warehouse is one that stores foods, frequently imported, on which taxes must be paid before they are sold. Cigarettes and alcoholic beverages are common examples.The distribution center is a more recently developed kind of warehouse. Many large com- panics have several manufacturing plants, sometimes located outside the country. Each plant does not make every company product but specializes in one or more of them. The distribution center allows a manufacturer to bring together all product lines in one place. Its purpose is to minimize storage and to ease the flow of goods from manufacturers to retailers rather than build up extensive inventories. It reduces costs by speeding up product turnover. Very large corporations will have several distribution centers regionally or internationallybased1. The main subject of this passage is______.A) transportation and storageB) storage of productsC) distribution centerD) two main aspects of product distribution2. Warehousing is important in that ______.A) inventories build up before the goods are soldB) the prices will go downC) more goods are produced than can be consumedD) the food has to be put on the market immediately3. How many types of warehouses for storage are discussed in the passage?A) 3.B) 4.C) 6.D) 7.4. Where might one find meat and milk?A) Grain elevator.B) Cold-storage warehouse.C) Private warehouse.D) Bonded warehouse.5. What is NOT true of a distribution center?A) It is a relatively new type of warehouse.B) Product is replaced more quickly and costs are down.C) Some distribution centers are not built in the sane country as the factoryD) It builds up extensive inventories to minimize storage.Passage 1文章大意：这篇文章讲产品实物分配中的两个环节，运输和储存，运输环节只在第一段和第二段最后一句略述，从第二段(除最后一句)到第五段详细讨论产品的储存问题。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-天津师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：22
2022年考研考博-考博英语-天津师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The express train from London （）on time.问题1选项A.pulled upB.pulled overC.pulled inD.pulled through【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。
pull up意为“拔起，阻止”；pull over意为“靠边停车”；pull in意为“吸引，进站”；pull through意为“恢复健康，度过难关”。
句意：从伦敦开出的快车准时进站。
2.单选题By turning this knob to the right you can（）the sound from the radio.问题1选项A.intensifyB.amplifyC.enlargeD.reinforce 【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。
intensify意为“加强，强化”；amplify意为“放大，扩大”，一般指声音的放大；enlarge意为“扩大”，一般指面或体积的扩大；reinforce意为“加固，加强”。
句意：通过这个旋钮向右转动，你可以放大收音机的声音。
3.单选题In today's world, insurance plays a vital role in the economic and social welfare of the entire population. The wish to guard against dangers to life and property is basic to human nature. By using various kinds of insurance, society has been able to reduce the effects of such hazards.Nowhere is insurance more important than in the management of a business. In many instances losses in a small firm can mean the difference between growth and failure, vitality and stagnation. Very few small businesses have even a portion of the financial sources available to larger enterprises. Frequently they must operate on a very slight margin if they hope to stay in business. And thus, they are particularly sensitive to unexpected losses.Without enough insurance, what happens to such a firm when the owner dies or is suddenly disabled? When a fire breaks out and destroys the firm’s building or stock? When an employee is found to have stolen company funds? When a customer is awarded a liability judgment for an accident? Too often, the business is forced to the wall; its future operations drastically curbed; sometimes, it is damaged beyond repair; its ability to continue completely crushed. Almost always, a small businessman would find it impossible to handle the full burden of his potential risk. The amount of money he would have to set aside to cover possible losses would leave him nothing or almost nothing to run his business with. If losses were to occur which he could repair by using his reserve fund, what assurance would he have that another loss-the same kind or different——might not occur next week, next month? But then he would have no reserve fund and little likelihood of staying in business at all.1.This selection deals mainly with （）.2.In Paragraph 3, “forced to the wall” means “ （）.3.The author thinks that（）.4.Adequate insurance will do all of the following EXCEPT that it will（）.5.The word “curbed” in Paragraph 3 is nearest in meaning to （）.问题1选项A.the relation between insurance and societyB.accidents and lossesC.business failuresD.the importance of insurance to business问题2选项A.driven to despairB.staying in a strong positionC.doing wellD.climbing up问题3选项A.accidents always happenB.a businessman should take riskC.businesses should have adequate insuranceD.insurance is a social welfare project问题4选项A.free some business fundsB.add to benefits for employeesC.relieve some management problemsD.provide for unexpected incidents问题5选项A.checkedB.advancedC.expandedD.disturbed【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。
天津大学翻译真题答案解析
天津大学翻译真题答案解析翻译专业一直以来都备受关注，而作为翻译专业的重点高校之一，天津大学的翻译真题一直备受瞩目。
本文将对天津大学翻译真题进行分析和解析，帮助翻译考生更好地应对考试。
一、理论基础天津大学翻译真题中，理论基础一直是主要的考察内容。
这部分涉及到翻译的基本概念、原则和方法等。
考生需要理解翻译的本质是语言和文化的媒介，还要了解翻译的原则，如忠实性、通顺性和美观性等。
在真题中，会要求考生根据所学知识，对一些翻译实例进行分析和解析。
二、语言技能在翻译专业的考试中，语言技能是必不可少的一项内容。
天津大学翻译真题通常要求考生进行英译汉和汉译英两个方向的翻译。
考生需要具备良好的语言基础，并且能够准确理解原文，并以流畅、准确、得体的方式将其译为目标语言。
此外，天津大学翻译真题还会涉及到词汇和语法的应用，要求考生熟悉相关的词汇和语法规则，并能够在翻译过程中正确运用。
三、专业知识翻译专业的考试还会考察考生对专业知识的掌握程度。
这部分内容包括了翻译学的相关理论、翻译技巧和实践经验等方面。
天津大学翻译真题中有时会出现对不同领域的专业词汇和术语的翻译要求，这就要求考生具备一定的领域知识和词汇量，能够准确理解原文中的专业术语，并正确翻译为目标语言。
四、跨文化沟通能力翻译考试对考生的跨文化沟通能力也有一定的要求。
天津大学翻译真题中会涉及到不同文化背景的材料，要求考生能够理解不同文化之间的差异和习惯，避免出现译文不合适的情况。
考生需要具备一定的跨文化交际能力，善于捕捉语境和文化信息，从而更好地进行翻译工作。
五、实际操作能力在翻译考试中，考生的实际操作能力也是重要的考察内容。
天津大学翻译真题中有时会要求考生进行实际的翻译练习，要求考生根据所给的原文材料，进行准确、忠实的翻译工作。
这就要求考生具备一定的实际操作能力，能够独立思考，准确把握原文的含义，并能够在有限的时间内，完成高质量的翻译任务。
六、总结天津大学翻译真题考察的内容广泛，涉及到理论基础、语言技能、专业知识、跨文化沟通能力和实际操作能力等多个方面。
天津大学考博英语翻译真题解析 7
天津大学考博英语翻译真题解析1.But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river--and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers,"Pluff! Pluff!"A hundred and eighty-five kilograms."[参考译文]但当我们先是从注释中得知某诗行讲述了一个土耳其军官和一个保加利亚军官在桥上动手打架并双双掉进河里，而后却发现该行诗中不过只充斥着"扑通，扑通，185公斤重"这类对他们落水时的动静以及对军官们体重的描写时，我们不免感到困惑不安。
2.The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-domiated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Janpan's rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs.[参考译文]战后婴儿潮一代的步入成年以及女性打入男性主导的劳动力市场使得青少年的发展机会变得极为有限，他们已经在不停地质疑为了爬上日本国内那通往优秀学校和体面工作的严酷的社会阶梯而做出的巨大的个人牺牲。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-天津师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第32期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-天津师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题We hope the students would （）the information contained in the lecture.问题1选项A.associateB.understandC.assimilateD.assess【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。
associate意为“联系”；understand意为“理解”；assimilate意为“吸收，消化”；assess意为“评定”。
句意：我们希望学生们能掌握讲座中保护的信息。
2.单选题Your examination results were quite satisfactory, but （）if you had spent less time in playing football?问题1选项A.wouldn’t they have been be tterB.wouldn’t they be betterC.won’t they have been betterD.won’t they be better 【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。
表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句用would have done（been）形式，因此选A。
句意：你的考试成绩很令人满意，但是，如果你少花点时间踢球的话，成绩不更好吗？3.单选题Do you know what a resolution is? it's a promise. Most promises are made（1）other people("Mom, I promise I’ll tidy my room when I get back from the beach"). （2）resolutions are promises that you make to yourself. And New year's resolutions are resolutions that people make at the beginning of the year in the（3）that they will improve their lives. Some people write down their resolutions to remember them. But（4）the resolution is important enough, you（5）have to write it down to remember it.There are different kinds of resolutions. Some relate to（6）health such as starting a workout program or（7）the amount of junk food that you eat. Many have to do with self improvement, such as（8）a hobby live painting or photography, or learning a musical instrument. Then there are resolutions that have to do with being better organized. （9）here might include using a weekly planner or organizing your school notes into folder.Despite these differences, there is one thing that most resolutions have（10）. People hardly ever keep them. The resolutions are too difficult to keep. For people simply forget. For this reason, some people argue that the best resolution is simply not to make any resolutions!问题1选项A.forB.byC.toD.with问题2选项A.HoweverB.NeverthelessC.LikewiseD.Incidentally问题3选项A.resolveB.assumptionC.pledgeD.hope问题4选项A.asB.ifC.thoughD.because问题5选项A.shouldn’tB.couldn’tC.mustn’tD.wouldn’t问题6选项A.normalB.mentalC.publicD.physical问题7选项A.determiningB.increasingC.limitingD.retaining问题8选项A.taking upB.giving upC.holding downying do问题9选项A.ExceptionsB.ExamplesC.SamplesD.Variations问题10选项A.in conclusionB.in diversityC.in commonD.in favor【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:C第6题:D第7题:C第8题:A第9题:B第10题:C【解析】第1题:考查固定搭配。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-天津师范大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期(含答案)试卷号：75
2022年考研考博-考博英语-天津师范大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Engineering offers men and women an （）opportunity to experience the joy of improving the quality of life for humankind through development of engineering solutions to societal problems.问题1选项A.absoluteB.unparalleledC.elaborateD.obsessive【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。
absolute意为“绝对的，完全的”；unparalleled意为“无比的，空前的”；elaborate意为“复杂的，详尽的”；obsessive意为“着迷的”。
句意：工程学为男性和女性提供一个前所未有的机会，通过开发解决社会问题的工程解决方案来让他们体验改善人类生活质量的乐趣。
2.单选题It （）to see so many children in that mountainous area cannot even afford elementary education.问题1选项A.pains herB.makes her painC.is painingD.is pained【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。
it pains sb. to see意为“看到……使某人心痛”。
句意：看到很多山区的孩子无法接受基础教育使她心痛。
3.翻译题Translate the following into ChineseReading can only be fun if you expect it to be. If you concentrate on books somebody tells you you ‘‘ought” to read, you probably won’t have fun. But if you put down a book you don’t like and try another till you find one that means something t o you, and then relax with it, you will almost certainly have a good time—and if you become, as a result of reading, better, wiser, kinder, or more gentle, you won’t have suffered during the process.【答案】只有当你期望阅读是有趣的时候，它才是有趣的。
天津大学考博英语模拟题
满分 (24%)PART ONE (30%)Direction: In this part of the test, there are 10 questions. For each question, you will have 5 segments. The segments are in mixed order. Drag them into right order to make a complete sentence. 题目1部分正确获得分中的分Drag the segments into right order to make a complete sentence. in North America,work absence are related todepression, according to some estimatesup to40% of disability claims for正确答案是：in North America,up to40% of disability claims forwork absence are related to depression, according to some estimates 题目2部分正确获得分中的分Drag the segments into right order to make a complete sentence. we welcomethis report’s emphasistackling this public health crisisthat physicians play inon the vital role我不知道反馈正确答案是：we welcomethis report’s emphasison the vital rolethat physicians play intackling this public health crisis题目3from different backgroundsto learn and thrive in a changing worldwho have dedicated themselveswe greatly admire the teachersto helping children正确答案是：we greatly admire the teacherswho have dedicated themselvesto helping childrenfrom different backgroundsto learn and thrive in a changing world题目4Drag the segments into right order to make a complete sentence. thinking about how to providea lot of timea better future fora typical Tiger Mum spendsher only child正确答案是：a typical Tiger Mum spendsa lot of timethinking about how to provide a better future forher only child题目5部分正确获得分中的分is more likerenting accessowning one outrightto a book thanthe transaction正确答案是：the transactionis more likerenting accessto a book thanowning one outright题目6不正确获得分中的分are merely upgradesto grasp that new goodsof existing onesmore subtly,statisticians sometimes fail正确答案是：more subtly,statisticians sometimes failto grasp that new goodsare merely upgradesof existing ones题目7不正确获得分中的分a good many yearsin advance of the people who are living in itmaterial progress has racedthat the world itself isso far ahead of mental and spiritual progress我不知道反馈正确答案是：material progress has racedso far ahead of mental and spiritual progress that the world itself isa good many yearsin advance of the people who are living in it题目8部分正确获得分中的分dominatedin 2006 the list wasby 84 companiesfrom the four BRIC countriesincluding 44 from China alone我不知道反馈正确答案是：in 2006 the list wasdominatedby 84 companiesfrom the four BRIC countriesincluding 44 from China alone题目9正确获得分中的分adapting to local circumstances meansrecognizing thatemerging-world consumers arean odd mixture ofignorance and sophistication我不知道题目10不正确获得分中的分disaster relief funding,mitigate the risk of living off the landadvances in agricultural technology,as well as the safety net ofcrop insurance, subsidies and我不知道反馈正确答案是：advances in agricultural technology,as well as the safety net ofcrop insurance, subsidies anddisaster relief funding,mitigate the risk of living off the land 题目11部分正确获得分中的分PART TWO (20%)Direction: In this part of the test, you will have 5 short paragraphs. Re-arrange them (by dragging) so that they are in right order and thus make a complete passage. The 3rd paragraph has been labeled for you.This pattern is occurring throughout the industrialized world. Even developing nations are facing increasing technological unemployment as transnational companies build state-of-the-art high-tech production facilities, letting go millions of cheap laborers who can no longer compete with the cost efficiency, quality control, and speed of delivery achieved by automated manufacturing.(3) Corporate leaders and mainstream economists tell us that the rising unemployment figures represent short-term "adjustments" to powerful market-driven forces that are speeding the global economy in a new direction. They hold out the promise of an exciting newworld of high-tech automated production, booming global commerce, and unprecedented material abundance. Millions of working people remain skeptical. In the United States, Fortune magazine found that corporations are eliminating more than 2 million jobs annually. While some new jobs are being created in the US economy, they are in the low-paying sectors and are usually temporary.More than 800 million human beings are now unemployed or underemployed in the world. That figure is likely to rise sharply between now and the turn of the century as millions of new entrants into the workforce find themselves without jobs.A technology revolution is fast replacing human beings with machines in virtually every sector and industry in the global economy. Already, millions of workers have been permanently eliminated from the economic process, and whole work categories and job assignments have shrunk, been restructured, or disappeared. Global unemployment has now reached its highest level since the great depression of the 1930s.With current surveys showing that less than five percent ofcompanies around the world have even begun the transition to the new machine culture, massive unemployment of a kind never before experienced seems all but inevitable in the coming decades. Reflecting on the significance of the transition taking place, the distinguished Nobel laureate economist Wasilly Leontief warned that with the introduction of increasingly sophisticated computers, "The role of humans as the most important factor of production is bound to diminish in the same way that the role of horses in agricultural production was first diminished and then eliminated by the introduction of tractors."我不知道反馈正确答案是：A technology revolution is fast replacing human beings with machines in virtually every sector and industry in the global economy. Already, millions of workers have been permanently eliminated from the economic process, and whole work categories and job assignments have shrunk, been restructured, or disappeared. Global unemploymenthas now reached its highest level since the great depression of the 1930s.More than 800 million human beings are now unemployed or underemployed in the world. That figure is likely to rise sharply between now and the turn of the century as millions of new entrants into the workforce find themselves without jobs.(3) Corporate leaders and mainstream economists tell us that the rising unemployment figures represent short-term "adjustments" to powerful market-driven forces that are speeding the global economy in a new direction. They hold out the promise of an exciting new world of high-tech automated production, booming global commerce, and unprecedented material abundance. Millions of working people remain skeptical. In the United States, Fortune magazine found that corporations are eliminating more than 2 million jobs annually. While some new jobs are being created in the US economy, they are in the low-paying sectors and are usually temporary.This pattern is occurring throughout the industrialized world. Even developing nations are facing increasing technological unemployment as transnational companies build state-of-the-arthigh-tech production facilities, letting go millions of cheap laborers who can no longer compete with the cost efficiency, quality control, and speed of delivery achieved by automated manufacturing.With current surveys showing that less than five percent of companies around the world have even begun the transition to the new machine culture, massive unemployment of a kind never before experienced seems all but inevitable in the coming decades. Reflecting on the significance of the transition taking place, the distinguished Nobel laureate economist Wasilly Leontief warned that with the introduction of increasingly sophisticated computers, "The role of humans as the most important factor of production is bound to diminish in the same way that the role of horses in agricultural production was first diminished and then eliminated by the introduction of tractors."题目12部分正确获得分中的分题干PART THREE (20%)Direction: In this part of the test, you will have a passage with 10 missing words/expressions. Choose ONE word/expression from the box below and drag your choice to its place.In a world where many traditional forms of work are ever changing, good academic qualifications alone will no longer guarantee work. This is partly because of the transience of many contemporary forms of work. It is because there are many more people with academic qualifications. As the of work changes, education itself is becoming one of the world’s biggest industries.It has been estimated that education and training now six per cent of world GDP. The United Nations predicts that in the next thirty years more people will be looking for qualifications in education than since the beginning of civilization. This has profound for the sorts of education people need, and for the of thequalifications they receive. One emergent issue is academic inflation. Qualifications are a form of currency. Their value is related to the prevailing exchange rate for employment or higher education. all currencies, they can inflate when there are too many in relation to the opportunities . Two or three A-levels once a university place: the baseline for many courses is now much higher. A first degree once guaranteed a job: the baseline is now a master’s degree or even a PhD. This is a structural problem for all education systems, and it may compound the number of people in formal education continues to increase. Whatever other issues it raises, one is already clear. Academic qualifications alone are no longer enough. Increasingly, employers and others emphasize the need for the qualities and aptitudes which academic qualifications are not designed to produce powers of creativity, of communication, of adaptability, and social skills.secured account for as nature value available implications also like consequencesecuredaccount foras naturevalue availableimplicationsalsolikeconsequence反馈The correct answer is:PART THREE (20%)Direction: In this part of the test, you will have a passage with 10 missing words/expressions. Choose ONE word/expression from the box below and drag your choice to its place.In a world where many traditional forms of work are ever changing, good academic qualifications alone will no longer guarantee work. This is partly because of the transience of many contemporary forms of work. It is [also] because there are many more people with academic qualifications. As the [nature]of work changes, education itself is becoming one of the world’s biggest industries.It has been estimated that education and training now [account for] six per cent of world GDP. The United Nations predicts that in the next thirty years more people will be looking for qualifications in education than since the beginning of civilization. This has profound [implications]for the sorts of education people need, and for the [value ]of the qualifications they receive. One emergent issue is academic inflation. Qualifications are a form of currency. Their value is related to the prevailing exchange rate foremployment or higher education. [like] all currencies, they can inflate when there are too many in relation to the opportunities [available]. Two or three A-levels once [secured]a university place: the baseline for many courses is now much higher. A first degree once guaranteed a job: the baseline is now a master’s degree or even a PhD. This is a structural problem for all education systems, and it may compound [as ]the number of people in formal education continues to increase. Whatever other issues it raises, one [consequence]is already clear. Academic qualifications alone are no longer enough. Increasingly, employers and others emphasize the need for the qualities and aptitudes which academic qualifications are not designed to produce powers of creativity, of communication, of adaptability, and social skills.窗体底端。
天津大学博士复试英语问答
天津大学博士复试英语问答1、what is your undergraduate major? How do you like your major?My major is economics.I like my major very much and I quite enjoy my learning journey for the past four years.That’s whyI would like to go onto further studies in this area.2、Why did you choose our university?I choose Beijing Foreign Studies University because of the following reasons.Firstly, it has been my dream place for years as it owns the top quality facilities for language training and the best environment for conducting research in thisarea.Secondly could learn up-to-date knowledge and real world experience to get ready to launch into my chosen career after graduating.Therefore,I could receive a first-class education with a focus on practical skills and professional relevance giving me excellence prospects for employment and career development.3、How do you plan to study in your postgraduate program?In my opinion the study method is quite important for research.So firstly I will choose a certain approach in my study area with your guidance.Then I will draw a pragmatic research plan and time schedule I hope that I can form a systematic viewof my major.Thirdly, would familiarize myself with the latest development of this area by reading books and journals.I do hope that I can get somewhere in this field.If necessary.I will continue my research and study to pursue a doctor’s degree.4、Why do you change your major for your postgraduate study?I change my major for two main reasons.One is that I am quite interested in economics. In my spare time.I often read books on economics,like An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations written by Adam Smith Principles of Economics written by N.Greaory Mankiw. and Intermediate Microeconomics written by HaRonald Varian The more I read those books and relevant articles the more fascinated I’m in economics.The other is that economics is likely to bring more employment and development opportunities to me than psychology.That’s why I choose economics as my future domain.。
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天津大学考博英语翻译解析
1.The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise,market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.
[参考译文]美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。
2.Thus,in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes,that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.
（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537) [参考译文]因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被用来制造它
们。
3.If,on the other hand,producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers,which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.
[参考译文]另一方面，如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能提供的供给，而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消费者购买产品。
4.In the American economy,the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights,including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.
[参考译文]在美国经济中，私有财产的概念不仅包含对生产资源的所有权，也指其他一些特定的权利，如确定一个产品价格和与另一个私人个体(经济单位)自由签定合同的权利。
5.At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employers are the most efficient,allowing personnel and
staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns.
[参考译文]同时这些计算机记录下哪些时间是最忙的，哪些员工工作效率最高，这样就能相应地做出人员人事安排。
而且它们(计算机)也能为促销活动找到那些拥有优先权的顾客。
本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。