江苏省泗阳中学2012届高三英语三轮语法专题十三-定语从句

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【真题体验】 1. (2010 福建卷)Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet life has developedgradually. A.that B. where C. which D. whose 2. (2007 天津卷)The Beatles, from Liverpool. A.what B. that many of you are old enough to remember, came C. how D. as
考点二:考查“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 介词后接关系代词,在从句中可以作定语或状语;如果先行词是人,关系代词用 whom;如果先行词是物,关系代词用which。如真题9,答案为A。在“介词+ which / whom”引导的定语从句中,介词选择的依据主要是根据从句中的谓语动词与介词的搭 配关系、定语从句的表语形容词与介词的搭配关系、或者先行词与介词的搭配关系及 所表达的含义而定。如真题10,答案为D。above the top of 意为“在山顶上方”。所以 用above which 引导定语从句。 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,其介词有时候可以后移至从句谓语动词之 后,此时作宾语的关系代词which/whom 都可以省略。例如:This is the hospital (which) I was born in. 这是我出生的那家医院。 “介词of+ which/ whom”引导的定语从句可代替whose引导的定语从句。关系代 词whose 引导的定语从句可以用of whom / which + the + n. 或the + n. +of + whom / which代替。例如: Linda lives in the room whose window faces south. = Linda lives in the room, the window of which faces south.= Linda lives in the room, of which the window faces south.
1. (2010 河北石家庄市二模)It was reported that a girl suddenly got into a strange situation she was unable to speak. A. where B. that C. which D. why
2. 关系代词that 与which 的使用区别 关系代词that 与which 在限制性定语从句中都可指代物,引导定语从句。但在 如下几种情况下,只能使用关系代词that 而不使用which。 1)当先行词是不定代词时; 2)当先行词被the only,the very,any,few,little,just,next,no,all 等词修饰时; 3)当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时; 4)当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时; 5)当先行词既有表示人又有表示物的两个并列名词时; 例如: Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? 6)当主句的主语是疑问词who 或者which 时;例如: Who is the boy that is waiting at the door? Which is the book that you borrowed from John just now? 7)当先行词在主句中作表语或者关系代词本身作从句的表语时;如: Wuhan is no longer the city that it used to be. 8)当一个句子中同时出现两个定语从句,其中有一个用了关系代词which 时;如 :They went to a shop which sells women’s clothes that satisfied them. 上述1)至4)是高考常设考点所考查的内容。
5. (2010 湖南卷)I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school I met in the English speech contest last year. A. who B. where C. when D. which 6. (2008 山东卷)Occasions are quite rare I have the time to spend a day with the kids. A. who B. which C. why D. when 7. (2007 山东卷)—When did you get to know her? —It was on the farm we worked. A.that B. there C. which D. where 8. (2007 陕西卷)Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases fail to use the language properly. A.which B. as C. why D. where beginners of English
考点五:考查定语从句与名词性从句以及强调句型的辨析
高考在考查定语从句时,往往会将名词性从句(特别是what 引导的名词性从句) 和强调句型综合在一起进行考查,如真题7,答案为D。该题将定语从句与强调句综合 在一起,造成我们误选A 项that,以为后面的句子是强调句的主句,其实强调句的主句 是第一句的意思(I got to know her)在此省略了。即:It was on the farm where he worked that I got to know her. 这就需要我们能清晰辨认各种从句和句型,透彻了解各类 从句连接词的用法。
考点四:考查定语从句中的分隔 一般来说,定语从句总是紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后,但有时,定语从句和先行 词常常被介词或其他成分分隔,这时被称之为“分隔式定语从句”。虽然“分隔式定语 从句”给我们分析句子结构带来一定的难度,但只要我们把句子还原为正常语序,就可 排除理解难度。如真题6,为了保持句子平衡,避免引起主句头重脚轻,出现了先行词 occasions和定语从句被主句的系表结构分隔的现象。如果把定语从句调到先行词 occasions 之后,就可清楚定语从句缺少时间状语,所以应该用when 或on which 连接。 故答案为D。
注意:使用of + which/ whom 时, 名词前要加定冠词the,表示特指关系。 关系副词引导的定语从句往往可用介词+which 转换。 例如: I will never forget the days when you stayed together. = I will never forget the days in which you stayed together. I know the reason why you can’t do that. = I know the reason for which you can’t do that. 考点三:考查非限制性定语从句中的which和as 非限制性定语从句,不能用关系代词that 引导,而只能用关系代词which 和as。 which 既起连接的作用,又在从句中充当一定的句子成分(主语、宾语或表语);它 通常放在主句之后,指代整个主句或主句中的部分内容。如真题3,答案为B。which 指代前面整个句子的意思。又如真题4,答案为A。which 指代a village school。另外, as 作关系代词主要用于非限制性定语从句中指代整个主句,在从句中通常做主语或宾 语,其引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后或主句之间意为“正如 ”。如真题2,答案为D。本句主谓语之间插入一个非限制性定语从句,选项中只有as 可引导该从句,并作从句中动词remember 的宾语。
2012届高三语法考点复习
(十三)定语从句
【考点概述】 定语从句是历年来高考的一个重点考点。其考查点比较有规律性,主要 是以下几个方面:1. 考查关系代词和关系副词的选用,特别是关系副词where (表模糊地点或状况)和when 的判定。2. 考查“介词+关系代词”中介词的 选择和关系代词的使用;3. 考查限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 ,以及as 与which 在非限制性定语从句中的运用;4. 考查定语从句与名词性 从句以及强调句型的比较辨析。
10. By nine o’clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, appeared a rare rainbow soon. A. of which B . on which C. from which D. above which Key: 1. B 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. A 6. D 7. D 8. D 9. A 10. D 【考点扫描】 考点一:考查关系代词和关系副词的判断与选用 1. 定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的判别与使用主要依据先行词在定语从句中 充当的句子成分而定。一般而言,先行词在意义上充当定语从句的主语、宾语或者定 语时就使用关系代词who, whom, whose 或者which (指物),that(指代人或物); 如果先行词在意义上充当定语从句的状语(时间、地点、原因)就使用关系副词 when, where,why。如真题1,答案为B,使用关系副词where;真题5,答案为A,使 用关系代词who。注意:高考试题对where 引导的定语从句的考查,先行词既可是明 确的地点,也可是“模糊化的地点”。如表示某人/ 物的situation,或某事所发展的 stage,point 都需用关系副词where。如真题8,答案为D。先行词cases,在定语从句 中作地点状语,所以选用关系副词where或者in which(=in the cases)。
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3. (2010 四川卷)After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, turned out to be a wise decision. A.that B. which C. when D. where 4.(2010 全国卷玉)As a child, Jack studied in a village school, his grandfather. A.which B. where C. what D. that is named after
定语从句与各类从句判别的主要方法是:定语从句往往紧跟在先行名词之 后,其关系代词(或关系副词)既含先行名词的意义,又在后面从句中充当句子某 一成份。而其它从句则不是这样。如: He always tells us what we should do in class. He always tells us something that we should do in class. 第一句的从句并没有先行词,第二句的从句前有先行词something。由此我们 可判断第一句为名词性从句,第二句为定语从句。what-clause 从句的意义就是 “the thing that+定语从句”。定语从句与调强句型判别的主要方法是:将“it is (be)” 和连词“that,who”去掉,如果句子依然成立句意没变,则是强调句,否则就是定语 从句。 【考点训练】 单项填空
9. (2010 浙江卷)The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of left their village homes for a better life in the city. A. whom B. which C. them D. those
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