[精品]新人教版选修9高中英语unit 2 sailing the oceans词汇讲解及答案

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最新人教版高三英语选修9-Unit-2---Sailing-the-oceans全单元教案

最新人教版高三英语选修9-Unit-2---Sailing-the-oceans全单元教案

Unit 2 Sailing the oceansPeriod one : Warming up and Pre-readingAim :To train the student’s ability of listening and speaking .Contents :I Warming up and Pre-reading1> Introduce the history of sailing the oceans , and ask who are famous in sailingthe oceans in history .2> Let students lock at the pictures and answer the questions(1) What is a navigator ?(2) Look at these famous people .Are they navigators or explorers ?What do you know about them ?(3) Can you identify these early navigational instruments seamen used andexplain how they are used ? (Picture 2)a _________b _________c __________d __________(4) Which do you think was easier to work out :latitude or longitude ?(5) Which ones do you think are still used today ?(6) what is the difference between a navigator and an explorer ?(7) how do you think seaman found their way before modern accurate methods ofnavigation were invented?Now read about what navigation was like before modern instruments were used. II listening and speakingstrategies .1._________________________________________________________2._________________________________________________________Period two: readingAim :Let students master some language points and understand the text .Contents : Reading : sailing the oceans1> Answer some questions about the text1. How many ways the passage tells us to keep alongside thecoastline .2. When can the sailors use the sun to navigate by ?3. What was the first instrument to measure the sun’s position .4. What proved to be the most accurate and reliable of these earth navigational instruments ?5. When did seamen begin to use the compass ?2> Language points :1. voyage : n. long journey , by sea or in space2. mercy : n. kindness ; forgivenessphr : at the mercy of : under the control of 任由… …的摆布without mercy 毫不留情地The beat was at the mercy of the rapid river .For mercy ‘s sake 请发慈悲For Cod’s sake3. nowhere adv .not anywhere 无处eg : I went nowhere 不知来自哪里,以不知名状态go nowhere vi 无所成,进行得不顺利get sb nowhere 某某事对某人无帮助、元效4. reference n. act of mentioning ; act of looking at forinformation .phr : (1) have reference to 和… …有关系(2) in reference to 关于(3) make (a) reference to 说到谈到(4) reference book 参考书刊号(5) reference material 参考资料(6) with reference to 关于就… …而论 whit reference to the contextvi refer: refer to (a) 指的是(b)参考 (c) 提到谈到refer to A as B 将A称为Beg : Are you referring to me ?In his s peech, he didn’t refer to the problem at all .He cooked dinner by referring to a cookbook .California is referred to as the “G olden State .”5. survival: n. state of continuing to live 生存、幸存survive: vt.sb survive 某人幸存下sth survive 某物保留下来vi. survive sb by 活得比某人长… …survive sth 从… … 中幸存、幸存于…eg : Only one baby survived the terrible car crash .The girl survived her parents .Survivor n. the person or thing of surviving .6. dusk n. time before nightat dusk 在黄昏时刻Period three : comprehending and languageI ComprehendingRead the passage and answer the following questions .1 . What is the use of a bearing circle . astrolabe , quadrant or sextant ?( )What is the use of a compass ? ( )A to set the course of the shipB to measure the position of the shipC to measure the speed of the shipD to tell the time2. Why are speed and time important in working out the longitude of a ship ?3. Why is the position of the sun and various stars useful for working outlatitude ?4. Suppose you were a sea captain aiming to sail round Africa Discuss in groups.(1) what skills would you seek in your sailors ?(2) what problems would you anticipate for this journey ?II Learning about languageDo exercises 1 . 2 and 3Exerise1 Replace the words underlined by ones of similar meaning form the reading passage .1. Seeing the dark clouds above him , George hurried for home .2. Sailing a boat alone far away form the shore made Flora’s parentsworry about her safety .3. Clare , would you please put your bicycle next to the others in theshed ?4. “Why don’t you plot a more simple rout with the smallest numberof sp ots?” asked Mary .5. Setting out on a long journey by sea with unskilled sailors would bedangerous especially if there were no modern navigational instruments . Exercise2 Find the words form the reading passage that are the opposite of these compound words .Nowhere anywhere download upload outward inwardReliable unreliable seaweed land flower shortcoming strong point Exercise3:Complete the following paragraph with the words below .precise outward nowhere awkward reference seaweedaccelerate mercy randomly voyage alongside approximateSamuel the sailor was extremely good at plotting his course using the stars a ________.One day he was determined to set out on a ________across an unknown sea to an unknown continent . He set out with his instruments so he would not be at the _________ Of the sea . He found on his _______journey a rocky island . It seemed to be covered in nests. Suddenly, as Samuel looked , an enormous bird swooped down and picked him up as if he were a/an ______ parcel . It ______its speed and rose straight up into the air so as to reach the _______place on the rocks where its nest lay. Once there, it shook itself and threw Samuel in the ________ direction of the nest . There seemed to be ______to hide but then he noticed lots of ______ on his left and quickly hid under it . The bird landed nearby and pecked ______ at the rocks . Samuel rolled over swiftly and found himself at the edge of the cliff . He looked down slowly with a beating heart. Below him was his boat lying ______the shore! “How lucky I am!”Samuel thought to himself. He then gave a mighty leap and landed in it. Once inside he could safely sail away.Period four : Reading speaking and writingAim :to train th e student’s ability of listening and speaking and writing Contents : some language points1〉starvation : n. suffering or death from lack of food die of starvation starve : vt/vi (使某人)饿死、挨饿starve sb to deathphr: starve for sth to do sthbe starved of vt 缺乏……欠缺……2> gradually : adj not suddenlygradual : adj happening slowlyeg : a gradual increase in populationHer health is gradually improving3> tear : vt/vi 撕裂扯破tear sthsth from /off /out of……adv (away off out up down 连用)phr tear apart 拆散、使分离tear at 用力扯tear down 扯下、撕毁tear into 攻击某人、指责tear off 扯掉、撕掉tear oneself away from 忍痛离开、分离tear up 撕裂、撕毁(合同)4> extreme : adj 1在尽头的eg : the extreme borders of a countryStand at the extreme edge of the bank2.极度的、最大的、极端的an extreme casebe in extreme danger3.极严厉的、猛烈的take extreme measuresn. 极端、极端的、措施、手段等be forced to an unpleasant extreme .5> thirst :n. 口渴、渴望a thirst for knowledgevi 口渴、渴望thirst for 渴望某物to 渴求做……eg : thirst to learnThe story is so gipping ; it makes you thirst for the next episode .II Let students write a report to their leader explaining to him why you think captain Bligh shoulder receive the medal。

Unit 2 Sailing the oceans-Listening 课件-人教选修9精品

Unit 2 Sailing the oceans-Listening 课件-人教选修9精品

books.
4. He was very important.
He made 7 voyages and visited more than 30 countries.
5. Foreign kings liked Chinese porcelain and silk.
6. He returned with strange presents for the Emperor.
Sea or Ocean Mediterranean
North Pacific
Skills
Used the sky to find their way Watched birds to find land Studied the waves of the ocean
3. These are some Viking sailing directions from Norway to Greenland.
Keep south of Iceland so that you cannot see land but just coastal birds.
Follow this route and you should reach Greenland.
Use the information from the listening to explain these sailing strategies.
It flew back to the Faroe Islands. A day after this he let the second bird go. This flew out of sight but came back to rest on the ship. Sometime after that, he let the third bird go. It headed straight for Iceland so Raven-Floki followed it and arrived there safely.

最新精编高中人教版选修9高中英语 unit 2 sailing the oceans词汇讲解

最新精编高中人教版选修9高中英语 unit 2 sailing the oceans词汇讲解

Unit 2 Sailing the oceansTeaching ResourcesSection 3: Words and expressions from Unit 2Sailing the oceansmercynoun (pl. -ies)1.[U] a kind or forgiving attitude towards sb that you have the power to harm or right to punish humanity:to ask / beg / plead for mercy They showed no mercy to their hostages. God have mercy on us. The troops are on a mercy mission (= a journey to help people) in the war zone.2. [C, usually sing.] (informal) an event or a situation to be grateful for, usually because it stops sth unpleasant: It’s a mercy she wasn’t seriously hurt. His death was a mercy (= because he was in great pain.at the mercy of sb/sth not able to stop sb/sth harming you because they have power or control over you:I’m not going to put myself at t he mercy of the bank. We were at the mercy of the weather. leave sb/sth to the mercy / mercies of sb/sth to leave sb/sth in a situation that may cause them to suffer or to be treated badly: privatized companies left to the mercy of market forces (humorous) I’ll leave you to the tender mercies of these ladies!throw yourself on sb’s mercy (formal) to put yourself in a situation where you must rely on sb to be kind to you and not harm or punish youlongsideprep.1. next to or at the side of sth: A police car pulled up alongside us. a lifeboat moored alongside theyacht Much of the land alongside the river is below sea level. 2. together with or at the same time as sth/sb: Traditional beliefs still flourish alongside a modern urban lifestyle.explorationnoun [C, U]1. the act of travelling through a place in order to find out about it or look for sth in it: the exploration of space oil exploration (= searching for oil in the ground)2. an examination of sth in order to find out about it: the book’s explorations of the human mindaccelerateverb1. to happen or to make sth happen faster or earlier than expected: [v] Inflation continues to accelerate. [vn] Exposure to the sun can accelerate the ageing process.2. [v] (of a vehicle or person) to start to go faster: The runners accelerated smoothly around the bend. The car accelerated to overtake me. secureadj.HAPPY / CONFIDENT1. feeling happy and confident about yourself or a particular situation: At last they were able to feel secure about the future. She finished the match, secure in the knowledge that she was through to the next round.CERTAIN / SAFE2. likely to continue or be successful for a long time; safe: a secure job / income It’s not a very secure way to make a living. The future of the company looks secure.3. ~ (against / from sth) that cannot be affected or harmed by sth: Information must be stored so thatit is secure from accidental deletion.BUILDING / DOOR / ROOM4.guarded and/or made stronger so that it is difficult for people to enter or leave:Check that all windows and doors have been made as secure as possible. a secure unit for child offenders The building is secure against intruders.FIRM5.not likely to move, fall down, etc.; stable: The aerial doesn’t look ver y secure to me. It was difficult to maintain a secure foothold on the ice. (figurative) Our relationship was now on a more secure footing.verbGET STH1. ~ sth (for sb/sth)| ~ sb sth (formal) to obtain or achieve sth, especially when this means using a lot of effort: [vn] to secure a contract / deal The team managed to secure a place in the finals. She secured2. 000 votes. The delegation has secured the promise of a ceasefire. [vn, vnn] He secured a place for himself at law school. He secured himself a place at law school.FASTEN FIRMLY2. [vn] ~ sth (to sth) to attach or fasten sth firmly: She secured the rope firmly to the back of the car. The tables on board were secured firmly to the floor.PROTECT FROM HARM3. [vn] ~ sth (against sth) to protect sth so that it is safe and difficult to attack or damage: to secure a property against intruders The windows were secured with locks and bars. (figurative) a savings plan that will secure your child’s futureA LOAN4. [vn] to legally agree to give sb property or goods that are worth the same amount as the money that you have borrowed from them, if you are unable to pay the money back: a loan secured on the house randomadj. [usually before noun] done, chosen, etc. without sb deciding in advance what is going to happen, or without any regular pattern: the random killing of innocent people a random sample / selection (= in which each thing has an equal chance of being chosen) The information is processed in a random order.nounat random without deciding in advance what is going to happen, or without any regular pattern: She opened the book at random (= not at any particular page) and started reading. The terrorists fired into the crowd at random. Names were chosen at random from a list.awkwardadj.1.making you feel embarrassed: There was an awkward silence. I felt awkward because they obviously wanted to be alone.2. difficult to deal with:Don’t ask awkward questions. You’ve put me in an awkward position. an awkward customer (= a person who is difficult to deal with) Please don’t be awkward about letting him come. It makes things awkward for everyone when you behave like that.3. not convenient, inconvenient: Have I come at an awkward time?4. difficult or dangerous because of its shape or design: This box is very awkward for one person to carry. This tool will reach into awkward corners, such as under kitchen units.5. not moving in an easy way; not comfortable: He tried to dance, but he was too clumsy and awkward. I must have slept in anawkward position—I’m aching all over.referencenounMENTIONING SB / STH1. [C, U] ~ (to sb/sth) a thing you say or write that mentions sb/sth else; the act of mentioning sb/sth: The book is full of references to growing up in India. She made no reference to her illness but only to her future plans. the President’s passing reference to (= brief mention of) the end of the war LOOKING FOR INFORMATION2.[U] the act of looking at sth for information: Keep the list of numbers near the phone for easy reference. I wrote down the name of the hotel for future reference (= because it might be useful in the future). The library contains many popular works of reference (= reference books).ASKING FOR ADVICE3. [U] ~ (to sb/sth) (formal) the act of asking sb for help or advice: The emergency nurse can treat minor injuries without reference to a doctor.NUMBER / WORD / SYMBOL4. [C] (abbr. ref.) a number, word or symbol that shows where sth is on a map, or where you can find a piece of information: The map reference is Y4.. Please quote your reference number when making an enquiry.FOR NEW JOB5.[C] a letter written by sb who knows you, giving information about your character and abilities, especially to a new employer: We will take up references after the interview.6. [C] a person who agrees to write a reference, for you, for example when you are applying for a job:My previous boss will act as a reference for me.IN BOOK7. [C] a note in a book that tells you where a particular piece of information comes from: There is a list of references at the end of each chapter.in / with reference to(formal) used to say what you are talking or writing about: With reference to your letter of July 22...verb [vn] (formal) to refer to sth; to provide a book, etc. with references: Each chapter is referenced, citing literature up to 2004.preciseadj.1. clear and accurate; exact: precise details / instructions / measurements Can you give a more precise definition of the word? I can be reasonably precise about the time of the incident.2. [only before noun] used to emphasize that sth happens at a particular time or in a particular way: We were just talking about her when, at that precise moment, she walked in. Doctors found it hard to establish the precise nature of her illness.3.taking care to be exact and accurate, especially about small details: a skilled and precise worker small, precise movements (disapproving) She’s rather prim and precise. to be (more) pr ecise used to show that you are giving more detailed and accurate information about sth you have just mentioned: The shelf is about a metre long—well, 98cm, to be precise.simplifyverb (simplifies, simplifying, simplified, simplified) [vn] to make sth easier to do or understand: The application forms have now been simplified. I hope his appointment will simplify matters. a simplified version of the story for young childrenportableadj. that is easy to carry or to move: a portable TV The equipment is lightweight, portable and easy to store. (figurative) a portable loan / pension (= that can be moved if you change banks, jobs, etc.) portable softwarenoun a small type of machine that is easy to carry, especially a computer or a television: The kids are upstairs watching the portable (= television).shortcomingnoun[usually pl.] a fault in sb’s character, a plan, a system, etc.:She made me aware of my own shortcomings. Despite a number of shortcomings, the project will still go ahead.updateverb [vn]1. to make sth more modern by adding new parts, etc.: It’s about time we updated our software.2. ~ sb (on sth)| ~ sth to give sb the most recent information about sth; to add the most recent information to sth bring up to date: I called the office to update them on the day’s developments. Our records are regularly updated.tendencynoun (pl. -ies)1. [C] ~ (for sb/sth) (to do sth)| ~ (to / towards sth) if sb/sth has a particular tendency, they are likely to behave or act in a particular way: to display artistic, etc. tendencies I have a tendency to talk too much when I’m nervous. There is a tendency for this disease to run in families. She has a strong natural tendency towards caution. This material has a tendency to shrink when washed.2. [C] ~ (for sb/sth) (to do sth)| ~ (to / towards sth) a new custom that is starting to develop: There is a growingtendency among employers to hire casual staff.3. [C+sing./pl. v.] (BrE) a group within a larger political group, whose views are more extreme than those of the rest of the group: the militant tendency reliableadj.1. that can be trusted to do sth well; that you can rely on; dependable: We are looking for someone who is reliable and hard-working. a reliable friend My car’s not as reliable as it used to be.2.that is likely to be correct or true: Our information comes from a reliable source. a reliable witness How reliable are the local weather forecasts? These tests are a reliable indicator of future performance. swoopverb [v]1. [usually +adv. / prep.] (of a bird or plane) to fly quickly and suddenly downwards, especially in order to attack sb/sth; dive: The aircraft swooped down over the buildings. A hawk swooped low over the field.2. ~ (on sb/sth) (especially of police or soldiers) to visit or attack sb/sth suddenly and without warning: Officers swooped on the vehicles as they left the ferry.noun1. an act of moving suddenly and quickly through the air in a downward direction, as a bird does dive2.~ (on sth/sb) an act of arriving somewhere or attacking sth/sb in a way that is sudden and unexpected:Large quantities of drugs were found during a police swoop on the star’s New York home.peckverb1. ~ (at sth) (of birds) to move the beak forward quickly and hit or bite sth: [v] A robin was pecking atcrumbs on the ground. Hens pecked around in the yard. [vn] A bird had pecked a hole in the sack. Vultures had pecked out the dead goat’s eyes.2. [vn] ~ sb (on sth) (informal) to kiss sb lightly and quickly: He pecked her on the cheek as he went out. She pecked his cheek.a / the pecking order (inform al, often humorous) the order of importance in relation to one another among the members of a group: New Zealand is at the top of the pecking order of rugby nations. to be first in the pecking orderpeck at sth to eat only a very small amount of a meal because you are not hungry; pick at: She sat nervously pecking at her food.expeditionnoun1. an organized journey with a particular purpose, especially to find out about a place that is not well known: to plan / lead / go on an expedition to the North Pole2. the people who go on an expedition: Three members of the Everest expedition were killed.3. (sometimes humorous) a short trip that you make when you want or need sth: a shopping expeditioncompulsoryadj. that must be done because of a law or a rule: It is compulsory for all motorcyclists to wear helmets. English is a compulsory subject at this level. compulsory education / schooling compulsory redundanciesSurvivalnoun1. [U] the state of continuing to live or exist, often despite difficulty or danger: the struggle / battle / fight for survival His only chance of survival was a heart transplant. Exporting is necessary f or oureconomic survival. Continued trade in these products is a threat to the survival of the species.2. [C] ~ (from sth) something that has continued to exist from an earlier time: The ceremony is a survival from pre-Christian times.the survival of the fittest the principle that only the people or things that are best adapted to their surroundings will continue to existincidentnoun1.[C] something that happens, especially sth unusual or unpleasant: His bad behaviour was just an isolated incident. One particular incident sticks in my mind.2. [C, U] a serious or violent event, such as a crime, an accident or an attack: There was a shooting incident near here last night. The demonstration passed off without incident.3.[C] a disagreement between two countries, often involving military forces: a border / diplomatic incidentdeparturenoun1. [C, U] ~ (from ... ) the act of leaving a place; an example of this: His sudden departure threw the office into chaos. Flights should be confirmed 4.8 hours before departure. They had received no news of him since his departure from the island.2. [C] a plane, train, etc. leaving a place at a particular time: arrivals and departures All departures are from Manchester. the departure lounge / time / gate the departures board3.[C] ~ (from sth) an action that is different from what is usual or expected: It was a radical departure from tradition. Their latest single represents a new departure for the band.depositnounMONEY1. [usually sing.] a ~ (on sth) a sum of money that is given as the first part of a larger payment: We’ve put down a 5.% deposit on the house. T hey normally ask you to pay £1.00 (as a) deposit. All deposits are non-refundable.2. [usually sing.] a sum of money that is paid by sb when they rent sth and that is returned to them if they do not lose or damage the thing they are renting: to pay a deposit They’l l probably ask you to leave a deposit.3.a sum of money that is paid into a bank account: Deposits can be made at any branch.4. (in the British political system) the amount of money that a candidate in an election to Parliament has to pay, and that is returned if he/she gets enough votes: All the other candidates lost their deposits.verb [vn]PUT DOWN1. [+adv. / prep.] to put o r lay sb/sth down in a particular place: She deposited a pile of books on my desk. (informal) I was whisked off in a taxi and deposited outside the hotel.LEAVE SUBSTANCE2. (especially of a river or a liquid) to leave a layer of sth on the surface of sth, especially gradually and over a period of time: Sand was deposited which hardened into sandstone.MONEY3. to put money into a bank account: Millions were deposited in Swiss bank accounts.reckonverb1. (informal, especially BrE) to think sth or have an opinion about sth: [v (that)] I reckon (that) I’mgoing to get that job. He’ll be famous one day. What do you reckon (= do you agree)? [v] It’s worth a lot of money, I reckon. ‘They’ll never find out.’ ‘You reckon?’ (= I think you may be wrong about that) 2. be reckoned (not used in the progressive tenses) to be generally considered to be sth: [vn to inf] Children are reckoned to be more sophisticated nowadays. [vn-n] It was generally reckoned a success. [also vn-adj] 3. [v to inf] (BrE, informal) to expect to do sth: We reckon to finish by ten. He wasn’t reckoning to pay so much.4. ~ sth (at sth) to calculate an amount, a number, etc.: [vn] I could see him reckoning the cost as I spoke. The age of the earth is reckoned at about 4.6.00 million years. [v (that)] They reckon (that) their profits are down by at least 2.0%. [vn to inf] The journey was reckoned to take about two hours.reckon on sth to expect sth to happen or to rely on sth happening: They hadn’t reckoned on a rebellion. [+ -ing] We’d reckoned on having good weather.reckon sth up / reckon up sth(especially BrE) to calculate the total amount or number of sth: He reckoned up the cost of everything in his mind.reckon with sb/sth1. [usually passive] to consider or treat sb/sth as a serious opponent, problem, etc.: They were alreadya political force to be reckoned with.2. (usually used in negative sentences) to consider sth as a possible problem that you should be prepared for; take sth into account: [+ -ing] I didn’t reckon with getting caught up in so much traffic.reckon without sb/sth (especially BrE) to not consider sb/sth as a possible problem that you should be prepared for; not take sth into account: They had reckoned without the determination of the opposition.tensionnoun1. [U, C, usually pl.] ~ (between A and B) a situation in which people do not trust each other, or feel unfriendly towards each other, and which may cause them to att ack each other: There is mounting tension along the border. international / racial / political tensions Family tensions and conflicts may lead to violence. The incident has further increased tension between the two countries.2. [C, U] ~ (between A and B) a situation in which the fact that there are different needs or interests causes difficulties: Th ere is often a tension between the aims of the company and the wishes of the employees.3. [U] a feeling of anxiety and stress that makes it impossible to relax: nervous tension We laughed and that helped ease the tension. Walking and swimming are excellent for releasing tension.a tension headac he 4.[U] the feeling of fear and excitement that is created by a writer or a film/movie director: dramatic tension As the movie progresses the tension builds.5. [U] the state of being stretched tight; the extent to which sth is stretched tight: muscular tension Adjust the string tension of your tennis racket to suit your style of playing. When knitting, try to keep the same tension throughout. Massage can relieve tension in your shoulders and back.verb [vn] (technical) to make a wire, sail, etc. tight and stretchedgradualadj.1. happening slowly over a long period; not sudden: a gradual change in the climate Recovery from the disease is very gradual.2. (of a slope) not steepforeseeverb (foresaw, foreseen ) to think sth is going to happen in the future; to know about sth before it happens; predict: [vn] We do not foresee any problems. The extent of the damage could not havebeen foreseen. [v (that)] No one could have foreseen (that) things would turn out this way. [v wh-] It is impossible to foresee how life will work out. [also vn -ing]thirstnoun1. [U, sing.] the feeling of needing or wanting a drink: He quenched his thirst with a long drink of cold water. She woke up with a raging thirst and a headache.2. [U] the state of not having enough water to drink: Thousands are dying of thirst.3. [sing.] ~ (for sth) a strong desire for sth: a thirst for knowledge tearverb (tore ,torn)DAMAGE1. to damage sth by pulling it apart or into pieces or by cutting it on sth sharp; to become damaged in this way; rip: [vn] I tore my jeans on the fence. I tore a hole in my jeans. He tore the letter in two.a torn handkerchief [vn-adj] I tore the package open. I tore open the package. [v] Careful—the fabric tears very easily.2. [vn] ~ sth in sth to make a hole in sth by force; rip: The blast tore a hole in the wall.REMOVE FROM STH / SB3. [vn + adv. / prep.] to remove sth from sth else by pulling it roughly or violently; rip: The storm nearly tore the roof off. I tore another sheet from the pad. He tore his clothes off (= took them off quickly and carelessly) and dived into the lake.4. ~ yourself / sb (from sb/sth) to pull yourself/sb away by force from sb/sth that is holding you or them: [vn] She tore herself from his grasp. [vn-adj] He tore himself free.INJURE MUSCLE5. [vn] to injure a muscle, etc. by stretching it too much: a torn ligament She tore a calf muscle playing squash.MOVE QUICKLY6. [v + adv. / prep.] to move somewhere very quickly or in an excited way: He tore off down the street.A truck tore past the gates.-TORN7.(in adjectives) very badly affected or damaged by sth:to bring peace to a strife-torn country a strike-torn industrytear sb/sth apart, to shreds, to bits, etc. to destroy or defeat sb/sth completely or criticize them or it severely: We tore the other team apart in the second half. The critics tore his last movie to shreds. tear at your heart / tear your heart out (formal) to strongly affect you in an emotional waytear your hair (out) (informal) to show that you are very angry or anxious about sth: She’s keeping very calm—anyone else would be tearing their hair out.(be in) a tearing hurry / rush (especially BrE) (to be) in a very great hurrybe torn (between A and B)to be unable to decide or choose between two people, things or feelings: I was torn between my parents and my friend.tear sb off a strip / tear a strip off sb(BrE, informal) to speak angrily to sb who has done sth wrong that’s torn it (BrE, informal) used to say that sth has happened to spoil your plans—more at heart, limb, loose adj.tear sb apart / tear apart sb to make sb feel very unhappy or worried; rip sb apart: It tears me apart to think I might have hurt her feelings. His distress tore me apart.tear sth apart / tear apart sth1. to destroy sth violently, especially by pulling it to pieces: The dogs tore the fox apart.2. to make people in a country, an organization or other place fight or argue with each other: Racial strife is tearing our country apart.3. to search a place, making it look untidy and causing damage: They tore the room apart, looking for money.tear at sth to pull or cut sth violently so that it tears: He tore at the meat with his bare hands.tear yourself away (from sth)/ tear sth away (from sth)to leave somewhere even though you would prefer to stay there; to take sth away from somewhere: Dinner’s ready, if you can tear yourself away from the TV. She was unable to tear her eyes away from him (= could not stop looking at him). tear sth down / tear down sth to pull or knock down a building, wall, etc.: They’re teari ng down these old houses to build a new office block.tear into sb/sth1. to attack sb/sth physically or with words: The wind tore into him.2. to start doing sth with a lot of energy: They tore into their food as if they were starving. The band tore into their opening number. tear sth up / tear up sth to destroy a document, etc. by tearing it into pieces; rip sth up: She tore up all the letters he had sent her. (figurative) He accused t he leader of tearing up the party’s manifesto (= of ignoring it).hardshipnoun [U, C] a situation that is difficult and unpleasant because you do not have enough money, food, clothes, etc.: economic / financial, etc. hardship People suffered many hardships during that long winter. The two men endured great hardship during their trek across Antarctica. It was no hardship to walk home on such a lovely evening.backgroundnounFAMILY / EDUCATION, etc.1.[C] the details of a person’s family, education, experience etc.: a person’s family / social / cultural / educational / class background The job would suit someone with a business background. In spite of their very different backgrounds, they immediately became friends.PAST2.[C, usually sing., U] the circumstances or past events which help explain why sth is how it is; information about these: the historical background to the war background information / knowledge The elections are taking place against a background of violence. Can you give me more background on the company?OF PICTURE / PHOTO3. [C, usually sing.] the part of a picture, photograph or view behind the main objects, people, etc.: a photograph with trees in the backgroundLESS IMPORTANT POSITION4. [sing.] a position in which people are not paying attention to sb/sth or not as much attention as they are paying to sb/sth else: He prefers to remain in the background and let his assistant talk to the press.A piano tinkled gently in the background. background music There was a lot of background noise (= that you could hear, but were not listening to).COLOUR UNDER STH5. [C, usually sing.] a colour or design on which sth is painted, drawn, etc.: The name of the company is written in red on a white background.in the background (computing) (of a computer program) not being used at the present time andappearing on the screen behind programs that are being usedroarverb1.[v] to make a very loud, deep sound:We heard a lion roar. The gun roared deafeningly. The engine roared to life (= started noisily). The wind was roaring in my ears.2. ~ (sth) (out) to shout sth very loudly: [v] The crowd roared. [vn] The fans roared (out) their approval. He roared out James’s name. [v speech] ‘Stand back,’ he roared.3. [v] ~ (with laughter) to laugh very loudly: He looked so funny, we all roared. It made them roar with laughter.4. [v + adv. / prep.] (of a vehicle or its rider / driver) to move very fast, making a lot of noise: She put her foot down and the car roared away. A group of young men on motorcycles roared past.5. [v] (of a fire) to burn brightly with a lot of flames, heat and noise: A log fire was roaring in the hearth.noun1.a loud deep sound made by an animal, especially a lion, or by sb’s voice: His speech was greeted bya roar of applause. roars of laughter 2.a loud continuous noise made by the wind or sea, or by a machine: I could barely hear above the roar of traffic. the roar of the Atlantic。

新人教版选修9高中英语Unit2SailingtheoceansSectionⅠWarmingUp

新人教版选修9高中英语Unit2SailingtheoceansSectionⅠWarmingUp
第十三页,共二十二页。
2.We may well wonder how seamen explored the oceans before latitude and longitude made _i_t possible __t_o_p_l_o_t_a__sh_i_p_’__s_______ ___p_o_s_it_io_n__o_n__a_m__a_p_____. 我们很可能感到奇怪,在经纬度被用来在地图上标出船只位置之 前,海员是如何进行探索的。 3.This seems __t_o__h_a_v_e_b_e_e_n____ the first and most useful form of exploration which carried the minimum amount of risk. 这似乎已是最早的、最有用的探险方式,所冒风险也最小。
第十八页,共二十二页。
Ⅱ Fill in the blanks according to the text. This reading explains 1.________seamen explored the oceans
and what kind of 2.________(navigation) instruments 3. __________(use) to sailors before the seventeenth century 4.________they were navigating the open seas without 5. ________________(see) land.The voyages of travellers before the 6. _______________(seventeen) century show that they were not at

(英语)人教版选修9教案:Unit2 Sailing the oceans S2

(英语)人教版选修9教案:Unit2 Sailing the oceans S2

Unit 2 Sailing the oceansPart 2 Teaching Resources第二部分教学资源Section 2 Notes to difficult sentences from Unit 2Sailing the oceans1.So accomplished navigators were able to use it to plot their positio ns.熟练的领航员就能够用它来确定自己的位置。

句中accomplished是形容词,意思是“优秀的,熟练的”,作定语修饰其后的名词。

Accomplished 的用法如下:已完成的; 已达到的:accomplished facts 既成事实;学识渊博的, 技术高超的, 有成就的:an accomplished cook 厨艺精湛的厨师,Judy is accomplished in English teaching. 茱蒂擅长英语教学;有教养的, 优雅的:an accomplished lady 才女2.On a clear day especially during the summer the sailors could use the sun overhead at midday to navigate by.在晴朗的日子,尤其是在夏天,水手可以使用正午头顶的太阳来引导他们航行。

句中to navigate by作目的状语,修饰谓语动词,其中的by是介词,它的逻辑宾语是前面的the sun。

类似的例句有:I have no topics to write about.He found some pens to write with. He is not the person to get along with.3.Sea birds could be used to show the way to land when it was nowhere to be seen.看不到陆地的时候,可以利用海鸟来定位通向陆地的方向。

高中英语unit 2 sailing the oceans必修九新人教版

高中英语unit 2 sailing the oceans必修九新人教版
3.Grammar: The Predicate (different types of verbs)
Special Focus:
1.enlarge vocabulary: voyage, mercy, encyclopedia, alongside, exploration, minimum, celestial, pole, horizon, overhead, nowhere, accelerate, secure, knot, nautical, magnetic, random, awkward, precise, simplify, portable, update, tendency, reliable, swoop, cliff, expedition, compulsory, survival, incident, departure, deposit, dilemma, drawback, routine, reckon, psychology, tension, foresee, set loose, background, roar.
D. The health of the famous picture, painted by Leonardo Da Vinci in 1905, is getting worse by the year, according to theLouvreMuseumwhere it is housed.
C. Do them for at least 20 minutes a time, three of five times a week.
D.“Of all the mood-changing self-help techniques,aerobic exercise(有氧运动) seems to be the best cure for a bad mood. If you could keep the exercise, you’d be in high spirits,”says Kathryn Lance, author of Running for health and Beauty.

(新人教选修9)高中英语_Unit2Sailing_the_oceans-Reading课件

(新人教选修9)高中英语_Unit2Sailing_the_oceans-Reading课件

3. Can you identify these early navigational instruments seamen used and explain how they are used?
sextant
The sextant is a navigational instrument for measuring the angle between the horizon and some object in the sky. First a sailor looks at the horizon through an eyepiece. At the same time he can see light from the sun or a star reflected off a small mirror on top of the instrument, onto a second mirror and into the eyepiece.
The handle of the spoon points to the south, while the other side points to the north. When the Sinan is in the still, the handle of the spoon points to the south because of influence of the terrestrial magnetism (地磁).ຫໍສະໝຸດ nautical chart
Nautical charts are maps of the depth of the sea and the currents of the oceans. They provide modern sailors with routes through the seas, rather like roads through the countryside. The information began to be collected in the nineteenth century and has continued to be updated ever since. These charts were not available to Captain Bligh or Zheng He.

人教版高中英语选修九Unit Two Sailing the oceans

人教版高中英语选修九Unit Two   Sailing the oceans

高中英语学习材料(灿若寒星*制作整理)Unit Two Sailing the oceans课程标准中的内容标准:本单元的话题是围绕“航海、发现探索未知的大陆”的主题。

内容涉及航行、人类早期的航海技术、中国历史上最著名的航海家郑和、辛巴达的第一次冒险航行等。

教学细目:1、(情感目标)通过阅读,了解人类早期的航海术、历史上著名的航海家、探险家及著名的航海事迹。

2、(交际)通过听说学习表示“原因与结果”的用语。

3、(词汇)通过阅读、师生互动掌握本单元的教学目的和要求中的词汇。

4、(写作)通过阅读和书面训练,学习并掌握正式信件的写法和用语。

5、(语法)通过书面训练,深入理解和进一步复习谓语的用法。

学习领域与主题内容及要求目标层次人教版选修九UnitTwoSailingtheoceans理解掌握运用1.1.1. 话题:Navigation: sea exploration √1.1.2功能(通过听和说,能在生活中运用下列英语进行交际):Cause and effect 原因与结果:Why are you…? Why did you…? Howcould you…? Because of… The reason isthat… Since she… As he… Now that… Hewas due to… That’s why… Therefore, … Itis …, so I’m afraid… He…, so he is ill withfever after the voyage.√1.1.3 Understanding vocabulary(理解√词汇)(通过听、看、阅读,能理解下列词汇含义。

学生只需认识,不作为测试的内容考查。

)latitude encyclopedia celestialequator horizon overhead seaweednautical magnetic portable√1.1.4 Grasping vocabulary(掌握词汇)(通过听、看、读,能运用下列词汇进行造句,在完形填空和短文改错中运用下列词汇。

人教版高中英语选修9《Unit 2 Sailing the oceans》教案

人教版高中英语选修9《Unit 2 Sailing the oceans》教案

人教版高中英语选修9《Unit 2 Sail ing the oceans》教案Teaching plan of unit 2 sailing the oceans人教版高中英语选修9《Unit 2 Sailing the oceans》教案前言:英语作为在许多国际组织或者会议上都是必需语言,几乎所有学校选择英语作为其主要或唯一的外语必修课。

英语教学涉及多种专业理论知识,包括语言学、第二语言习得、词汇学、句法学、文体学、语料库理论、认知心理学等内容。

本教案根据英语课程标准的要求和教学对象的特点,将教学诸要素有序安排,确定合适的教学方案的设想和计划、并以启迪发展学生智力为根本目的。

便于学习和使用,本文档下载后内容可按需编辑修改及打印。

教学准备教学目标1、知识目标(1).理解并记住Reading部分本单元的单词和短语。

(2).理解并掌握整个故事的情节,并能填写summary.2、能力目标(1)充分发挥学生的主体地位,调动学生思维的积极性,提高综合语言的运用能力(2)通过对学生说读写的训练,增大学生的语言输入,增强其语言输出能力。

3、情感、态度、价值观目标学生分析布莱船长在40多天的航程中所采用的航海技术以及所表现出的领导才能。

同时,又适时地对他们进行情感教育:在任何困难面前绝不畏惧,不抛弃,不放弃。

教学重难点教学重点与难点:读写说均为本节课的重点,写和说部分应为难点,需加大指导和练习。

教学过程Teaching procedures:Lead-in:通过歌曲Sailing导入,让学生在轻松愉悦的音乐下近入新课的学习之中。

促使学生积极主动地进入学习状态。

ComprehensionStep I Please Skim the passage and get the main idea.Step II. Scan the passage: True or False.1.I was forced to join Captain Bligh in the small boat.2.After the crew took over the ship “Bounty”, Captain Bligh was allowed to take with him a chart , a compass and a quadrant.3.It was very difficult for us to get a correct reading from the quadrant as the boat moved constantly during the course.4.Cap tain Bligh used a system called “dead reckoning” and he knew there was land directly southwest of their original position.5.Captain Bligh was as weak as the rest of us but he was determined not to give up.6.Captain Bligh kept us busy and tried to takeour minds off our stomachs and thirst all the way.7.We finally escaped the jaws of death andarrived in Timor over fifty days after being set loose in our small boat.Step III. Group work: further reading.When captain Blight returned home he was honored as a hero. Discuss in groups whether he should receive a special medal or not.Step IV. Affective educationAfter learning the text, as senior three students, what can we learn from Captain Blight in our life?Step V. Summary:I am _____ to have sailed with Captain Bligh on his journey of over40 days through about4,000 miles in an open boat ______the Pacific Ocean in 1789.In the beginning, on our ________(depart), some of the crew took _____theship and the captain___________(deposit) into a small boat. Thus we werecaught _____a dilemma. We decided to stick with him _______thick and thin though we seemed to face_____uncertaindeath.During the long and toughjourney, we encountered many unexpected hardships. Despite _____(lack) of foodand water, he kept us _______(occupy) and cheerful to take our minds ____troubles. All the way he taught us how to cope _______various situations. Finallythey arrived at Timor __________(success)andthey were honored as _______(hero).The story shows that one man’ssp irit and his determination should not ________ (defeat) by circumstances.Complexsentences(分析并翻译1-2个长难句)Challengeyourself!---Grammar Filling1.I’m proud to have sailed withCaptain Blight ____his journey of over 40 days _________about4,000miles ____anopen small boat _______ the Pacific Ocean.2.On our _________(depart) from Tahiti, some crew took _____the ship. And those of us onboard____________(catch) in a dilemma.3.As you can see from the map we kept_____a straight course pretty well.4.The captain kept us busy________ (read) the tables to work out our position .5.It was the extreme lack of waterthat was hard to cope with ______________ (psychology)6.He kept us busy and tried to take our minds课后习题Challenge yourself!---Grammar Filling1.I’m proud to have sailed with Captain Blight ____his journey of over 40 days _________about4,000miles ____an open small boat _______ the Pacific Ocean.2.On our _________(depart) from Tahiti, some crew took _____the ship. And those of us on board____________(catch) in a dilemma.3.As you can see from the map we kept _____a straight course pretty well.4.The captain kept us busy________ (read) the tables to work out our position .5.It was the extreme lack of water that was hard to cope with ______________ (psychology)6.He kept us busy and tried to take our minds_____our __________(stomach).-------- Designed By JinTai College ---------。

高中英语 Unit 2 Sailing the oceans 新人教版选修9

高中英语 Unit 2 Sailing the oceans 新人教版选修9

Upon yet again discovering that something did not exist,he continued his voyage.His last stop was in February,1779 at Hawaii where he was killed in a fight with islanders over the theft of a boat.
Cook’s explorations greatly increased European knowledge of the world.As a ship captain and skilled cartographer,he filled in many gaps on world maps.His contributions to eighteenth century science helped further exploration and discovery for many generations.
The Third Voyage. The Navy wanted Cook to determine if there was a Northwest Passage,a mythical waterway between Europe and Asia across the top of North America.Cook set out in July of 1776 and rounded the southern tip of Africa and headed east across the Indian Ocean until his navigation of the Bering Sea was stopped by the impassible Arctic ice.

高中英语 Unit2《Sailing the oceans》Textbook课件 新人教版选修9

高中英语 Unit2《Sailing the oceans》Textbook课件 新人教版选修9

3 What would you do if you came across the following problems during your voyage? Read the chart below and fill in your plans of action to deal with them.
2 What problems would you anticipate for this journey?
I would anticipate very hot weather (around the equator), cold weather (around the Cape of Good Hope), very stormy seas (around the Cape), and problems with food and water (unless helped by local natives the water may be contaminated and the food scarce), etc.
Explorer
land use of compass and
landmarks find new places within an
already identified island or continent
Explorer is someone who travels into or through a place in order to learn about it.
3 Sailors used _se_a__c_u_rr_e_n_ts__o_r_ti_d_e_s_a_n_d__w_i_n_ds to increase their speed.

新人教版英语高三Module 9《Unit 2 Sailing the oceans》

新人教版英语高三Module 9《Unit 2 Sailing the oceans》

James Cook
• 1728年出生在英国北部的一个村庄。 10多岁时他第一次随船出海。他于 1775年加入皇家海军,此后成为了 一名航海和制图专家。1768年,库 克受命担任英国皇家海军太平洋考 察队队长。在其后的10年间,他带 领考察队进行了3次史诗般的航行, 足迹遍及未知的太平洋,揭开了地 球上最大水域的地理秘密。
sextant
The sextant is a navigational instrument for measuring the angle between the horizon and some object in the sky.
quadrant
nautical chart
Nautical charts are maps of the depth of the sea and the currents of the oceans. They provide modern sailors with routes through the seas, rather like roads through the countryside. The information began to be collected in the nineteenth century and has continued to be updated ever since.
5. We can infer from the passage_____. A. Earliest seamen explored the oceans since latitude and longitude made it possible to plot a ship’s position. B. The first seamen began to use Cnavigational instruments to find longitude instead of using nature. C. In history of sailing the oceans,

高中英语 Unit 2 Sailing the oceans词汇讲解 新人教版选修9

高中英语 Unit 2 Sailing the oceans词汇讲解 新人教版选修9

Unit 2 Sailing the oceansTeaching ResourcesSection 3: Words and expressions from Unit 2Sailing the oceansmercynoun (pl. -ies)1.[U] a kind or forgiving attitude towards sb that you have the power to harm or right to punish humanity:to ask / beg / plead for mercy They showed no mercy to their hostages. God have mercy on us. The troops are on a mercy mission (= a journey to help people) in the war zone.2. [C, usually sing.] (informal) an event or a situation to be grateful for, usually because it stops sth unpleasant: It’s a mercy she wasn’t seriously hurt. His death was a mercy (= because he was in great pain.at the mercy of sb/sth not able to stop sb/sth harming you because they have power or control over you:I’m not going to put myself at t he mercy of the bank. We were at the mercy of the weather.leave sb/sth to the mercy / mercies of sb/sth to leave sb/sth in a situation that may cause them to suffer or to be treated badly: privatized companies left to the mercy of market forces (humoro us) I’ll leave you to the tender mercies of these ladies!throw yourself on sb’s mercy (formal) to put yourself in a situation where you must rely on sb to be kind to you and not harm or punish youlongsideprep.1.next to or at the side of sth:A police car pulled up alongside us. a lifeboat moored alongside the yacht Much of the land alongside the river is below sea level.2. together with or at the same time as sth/sb: Traditional beliefs still flourish alongside a modern urban lifestyle. explorationnoun [C, U]1. the act of travelling through a place in order to find out about it or look for sth in it: the exploration of space oil exploration (= searching for oil in the ground)2. an examination of sth in order to find out about it: the book’s explorations of the human mindaccelerateverb1. to happen or to make sth happen faster or earlier than expected: [v] Inflation continues to accelerate. [vn] Exposure to the sun can accelerate the ageing process.2. [v] (of a vehicle or person) to start to go faster: The runners accelerated smoothly around the bend. The car accelerated to overtake me.secureadj.HAPPY / CONFIDENT1. feeling happy and confident about yourself or a particular situation: At last they were able to feel secure about the future. She finished the match, secure in the knowledge that she was through to the next round.CERTAIN / SAFE2. likely to continue or be successful for a long time; safe: a secure job / income It’s nota very secure way to make a living. The future of the company looks secure.3. ~ (against / from sth) that cannot be affected or harmed by sth: Information must be stored so that it is secure from accidental deletion.BUILDING / DOOR / ROOM4.guarded and/or made stronger so that it is difficult for people to enter or leave: Check that all windows and doors have been made as secure as possible. a secure unit for child offenders The building is secure against intruders.FIRM5. not likely to move, fall down, etc.; stable: The aerial doesn’t look ver y secure to me. It was difficult to maintain a secure foothold on the ice. (figurative) Our relationship was now on a more secure footing.verbGET STH1. ~ sth (for sb/sth)| ~ sb sth (formal) to obtain or achieve sth, especially when this means using a lot of effort: [vn] to secure a contract / deal The team managed to secure a place in the finals. She secured2. 000 votes. The delegation has secured the promise of a ceasefire. [vn, vnn] He secured a place for himself at law school. He secured himself a place at law school. FASTEN FIRMLY2. [vn] ~ sth (to sth) to attach or fasten sth firmly: She secured the rope firmly to the back of the car. The tables on board were secured firmly to the floor.PROTECT FROM HARM3. [vn] ~ sth (against sth) to protect sth so that it is safe and difficult to attack or damage: to secure a property against intruders The windows were secured with locks and bars. (figurative) a savings plan that will secure your child’s futureA LOAN4.[vn] to legally agree to give sb property or goods that are worth the same amount as the money that you have borrowed from them, if you are unable to pay the money back: a loan secured on the houserandomadj. [usually before noun] done, chosen, etc. without sb deciding in advance what is going to happen, or without any regular pattern: the random killing of innocent people a random sample / selection (= in which each thing has an equal chance of being chosen) The information is processed in a random order.nounat random without deciding in advance what is going to happen, or without any regular pattern: She opened the book at random (= not at any particular page) and started reading. The terrorists fired into the crowd at random. Names were chosen at random from a list.awkwardadj.1. making you feel embarrassed: There was an awkward silence. I felt awkward because they obviously wanted to be alone.2. difficult to deal with:Don’t ask awkward questions. You’ve put me in an awkward position. an awkward customer (= a person who is difficult to deal with)Please don’t be awkward about letting him come. It makes things awkward for everyone when you behave like that.3. not convenient, inconvenient: Have I come at an awkward time?4.difficult or dangerous because of its shape or design: This box is very awkward for one person to carry. This tool will reach into awkward corners, such as under kitchen units.5. not moving in an easy way; not comfortable: He tried to dance, but he was too clumsy and awkward. I must have slept in an awkward position—I’m aching all over.referencenounMENTIONING SB / STH1.[C, U] ~ (to sb/sth) a thing you say or write that mentions sb/sth else; the act of mentioning sb/sth: The book is full of references to growing up in India. She made no reference to her illness but only to her future plans. the President’s passing reference to (= brief mention of) the end of the warLOOKING FOR INFORMATION2. [U] the act of looking at sth for information: Keep the list of numbers near the phone for easy reference. I wrote down the name of the hotel for future reference (= because it might be useful in the future). The library contains many popular works of reference (= reference books).ASKING FOR ADVICE3. [U] ~ (to sb/sth) (formal) the act of asking sb for help or advice: The emergency nurse can treat minor injuries without reference to a doctor.NUMBER / WORD / SYMBOL4. [C] (abbr. ref.) a number, word or symbol that shows where sth is on a map, or where you can find a piece of information: The map reference is Y4.. Please quote your reference number when making an enquiry.FOR NEW JOB5.[C] a letter written by sb who knows you, giving information about your character and abilities, especially to a new employer: We will take up references after the interview.6. [C] a person who agrees to write a reference, for you, for example when you are applying fora job: My previous boss will act as a reference for me.IN BOOK7.[C] a note in a book that tells you where a particular piece of information comes from: There is a list of references at the end of each chapter.in / with reference to(formal) used to say what you are talking or writing about:With reference to your letter of July 22...verb [vn] (formal) to refer to sth; to provide a book, etc. with references: Each chapter is referenced, citing literature up to 2004.preciseadj.1.clear and accurate; exact:precise details / instructions / measurements Can you give a more precise definition of the word? I can be reasonably precise about the time of the incident.2.[only before noun] used to emphasize that sth happens at a particular time or in a particular way: We were just talking about her when, at that precise moment, she walked in. Doctors found it hard to establish the precise nature of her illness.3. taking care to be exact and accurate,especially about small details: a skilled and precise worker small, precise movements (disapproving) She’s rather prim and precise.to be (more) pr ecise used to show that you are giving more detailed and accurate information about sth you have just mentioned: The shelf is about a metre long—well, 98cm, to be precise. simplifyverb(simplifies, simplifying, simplified, simplified) [vn] to make sth easier to do or understand: The application forms have now been simplified. I hope his appointment will simplify matters.a simplified version of the story for young childrenportableadj. that is easy to carry or to move: a portable TV The equipment is lightweight, portable and easy to store. (figurative) a portable loan / pension (= that can be moved if you change banks, jobs, etc.) portable softwarenoun a small type of machine that is easy to carry, especially a computer or a television: The kids are upstairs watching the portable (= television).shortcomingnoun[usually pl.] a fault in sb’s character, a plan, a system, etc.: She made me aware of my own shortcomings. Despite a number of shortcomings, the project will still go ahead.updateverb [vn]1.to make sth more modern by adding new parts, etc.: It’s about time we updated our software.2.~ sb (on sth)| ~ sth to give sb the most recent information about sth; to add the most recent information to sth bring up to date: I called the office to update them on the day’s developments. Our records are regularly updated.tendencynoun (pl. -ies)1. [C] ~ (for sb/sth) (to do sth)| ~ (to / towards sth) if sb/sth has a particular tendency, they are likely to behave or act in a particular way: to display artistic, etc. tendencies I have a tendency to talk too much when I’m nervous. There is a tendency for this disease to run in families. She has a strong natural tendency towards caution. This material has a tendency to shrink when washed.2. [C] ~ (for sb/sth) (to do sth)| ~ (to / towards sth) a new custom that is starting to develop: There is a growing tendency among employers to hire casual staff.3. [C+sing./pl. v.] (BrE) a group within a larger political group, whose views are more extreme than those of the rest of the group: the militant tendencyreliableadj.1.that can be trusted to do sth well; that you can rely on; dependable: We are looking for someone who is reliable and hard-working. a reliable friend My car’s not as reliable as it used to be.2. that is likely to be correct or true: Our information comes from a reliable source. a reliable witness How reliable are the local weather forecasts? These tests are a reliable indicator of future performance.swoopverb [v]1.[usually +adv. / prep.] (of a bird or plane) to fly quickly and suddenly downwards, especially in order to attack sb/sth; dive: The aircraft swooped down over the buildings. A hawk swoopedlow over the field.2.~ (on sb/sth) (especially of police or soldiers) to visit or attack sb/sth suddenly and without warning: Officers swooped on the vehicles as they left the ferry.noun1.an act of moving suddenly and quickly through the air in a downward direction, as a bird does dive2. ~ (on sth/sb) an act of arriving somewhere or attacking sth/sb in a way that is sudden and unexpected:Large quantities of drugs were found during a police swoop on the star’s New York home.peckverb1. ~ (at sth) (of birds) to move the beak forward quickly and hit or bite sth: [v] A robin was pecking at crumbs on the ground. Hens pecked around in the yard. [vn] A bird had pecked a hole in the sack. Vultures had pecked out the dead goat’s eyes.2. [vn] ~ sb (on sth) (informal) to kiss sb lightly and quickly: He pecked her on the cheek as he went out. She pecked his cheek.a / the pecking order (inform al, often humorous) the order of importance in relation to one another among the members of a group: New Zealand is at the top of the pecking order of rugby nations. to be first in the pecking orderpeck at sth to eat only a very small amount of a meal because you are not hungry; pick at: She sat nervously pecking at her food.expeditionnoun1. an organized journey with a particular purpose, especially to find out about a place that is not well known: to plan / lead / go on an expedition to the North Pole2. the people who go on an expedition: Three members of the Everest expedition were killed.3. (sometimes humorous) a short trip that you make when you want or need sth: a shopping expeditioncompulsoryadj. that must be done because of a law or a rule: It is compulsory for all motorcyclists to wear helmets. English is a compulsory subject at this level. compulsory education / schooling compulsory redundanciesSurvivalnoun1.[U] the state of continuing to live or exist, often despite difficulty or danger: the struggle / battle / fight for survival His only chance of survival was a heart transplant. Exporting is necessary f or our economic survival. Continued trade in these products is a threat to the survival of the species.2.[C] ~ (from sth) something that has continued to exist from an earlier time: The ceremony is a survival from pre-Christian times.the survival of the fittest the principle that only the people or things that are best adapted to their surroundings will continue to existincidentnoun1. [C] something that happens, especially sth unusual or unpleasant: His bad behaviour was just an isolated incident. One particular incident sticks in my mind.2. [C, U] a serious or violent event, such as a crime, an accident or an attack: There was a shooting incident near here last night. The demonstration passed off without incident.3.[C] a disagreement between two countries, often involving military forces: a border / diplomatic incidentdeparturenoun1. [C, U] ~ (from ... ) the act of leaving a place; an example of this: His sudden departure threw the office into chaos. Flights should be confirmed 4.8 hours before departure. They had received no news of him since his departure from the island.2.[C] a plane, train, etc. leaving a place at a particular time: arrivals and departures All departures are from Manchester. the departure lounge / time / gate the departures board3. [C] ~ (from sth) an action that is different from what is usual or expected: It was a radical departure from tradition. Their latest single represents a new departure for the band.depositnounMONEY1.[usually sing.] a ~ (on sth) a sum of money that is given as the first part of a larger payment: We’ve put down a 5.% deposit on the house. T hey normally ask you to pay £1.00 (as a) deposit. All deposits are non-refundable.2.[usually sing.] a sum of money that is paid by sb when they rent sth and that is returned to them if they do not lose or damage the thing they are renting:to pay a dep osit They’l l probably ask you to leave a deposit.3. a sum of money that is paid into a bank account: Deposits can be made at any branch. 4. (in the British political system) the amount of money that a candidate in an election to Parliament has to pay, and that is returned if he/she gets enough votes: All the other candidates lost their deposits.verb [vn]PUT DOWN1.[+adv. / prep.] to put o r lay sb/sth down in a particular place: She deposited a pile of books on my desk. (informal) I was whisked off in a taxi and deposited outside the hotel.LEAVE SUBSTANCE2. (especially of a river or a liquid) to leave a layer of sth on the surface of sth, especially gradually and over a period of time: Sand was deposited which hardened into sandstone. MONEY3. to put money into a bank account: Millions were deposited in Swiss bank accounts.reckonverb1. (informal, especially BrE) to think sth or have an opinion about sth: [v (that)] I reckon (that) I’m going to get that job. He’ll be famous one day. What do you reckon (= do you agree)? [v] It’s worth a lot of money, I reckon. ‘They’ll never find out.’ ‘You reckon?’ (= I think you may be wrong about that)2. be reckoned (not used in the progressive tenses) to be generally considered to be sth: [vn to inf] Children are reckoned to be more sophisticated nowadays. [vn-n] It was generally reckoned a success. [also vn-adj]3.[v to inf] (BrE, informal) to expect to do sth:We reckon to finish by ten. He wasn’t reckoning to pay so much.4. ~ sth (at sth) to calculate an amount, a number, etc.: [vn] I could see him reckoning the cost as I spoke. The age of the earth is reckoned at about 4.6.00 million years. [v (that)] They reckon (that) their profits are down by at least 2.0%. [vn to inf] The journey was reckoned to take about two hours. reckon on sth to expect sth to happen or to rely on sth happening: They hadn’t reckoned on a rebellion. [+ -ing] We’d reckoned on having good weather.reckon sth up / reckon up sth(especially BrE) to calculate the total amount or number of sth:He reckoned up the cost of everything in his mind.reckon with sb/sth1.[usually passive] to consider or treat sb/sth as a serious opponent, problem, etc.: They were already a political force to be reckoned with.2.(usually used in negative sentences) to consider sth as a possible problem that you should be prepared for; take sth into account: [+ -ing] I didn’t reckon with getting caught up in so much traffic.reckon without sb/sth (especially BrE) to not consider sb/sth as a possible problem that you should be prepared for; not take sth into account: They had reckoned without the determination of the opposition.tensionnoun1. [U, C, usually pl.] ~ (between A and B) a situation in which people do not trust each other, or feel unfriendly towards each other, and which may cause them to att ack each other: There is mounting tension along the border. international / racial / political tensions Family tensions and conflicts may lead to violence. The incident has further increased tension between the two countries.2. [C, U] ~ (between A and B) a situation in which the fact that there are different needs or interests causes difficulties: There is often a tension between the aims of the company and the wishes of the employees.3. [U] a feeling of anxiety and stress that makes it impossible to relax: nervous tension We laughed and that helped ease the tension. Walking and swimming are excellent for releasing tension. a tension headac he4. [U] the feeling of fear and excitement that is created by a writer or a film/movie director: dramatic tension As the movie progresses the tension builds.5. [U] the state of being stretched tight; the extent to which sth is stretched tight: muscular tension Adjust the string tension of your tennis racket to suit your style of playing. When knitting, try to keep the same tension throughout. Massage can relieve tension in your shoulders and back.verb [vn] (technical) to make a wire, sail, etc. tight and stretchedgradualadj.1. happening slowly over a long period; not sudden: a gradual change in the climate Recovery from the disease is very gradual.2. (of a slope) not steepforeseeverb(foresaw, foreseen ) to think sth is going to happen in the future; to know about sth before it happens; predict: [vn] We do not foresee any problems. The extent of the damage could not have been foreseen. [v (that)] No one could have foreseen (that) things would turn out this way. [v wh-] It is impossible to foresee how life will work out. [also vn -ing]thirstnoun1.[U, sing.] the feeling of needing or wanting a drink:He quenched his thirst with a long drink of cold water. She woke up with a raging thirst and a headache.2. [U] the state of not having enough water to drink: Thousands are dying of thirst.3. [sing.] ~ (for sth) a strong desire for sth: a thirst for knowledgetearverb (tore ,torn)DAMAGE1. to damage sth by pulling it apart or into pieces or by cutting it on sth sharp; to become damaged in this way; rip: [vn] I tore my jeans on the fence. I tore a hole in my jeans. He tore the letter in two. a torn handkerchief [vn-adj] I tore the package open. I tore open the package. [v] Careful—the fabric tears very easily.2. [vn] ~ sth in sth to make a hole in sth by force; rip: The blast tore a hole in the wall.REMOVE FROM STH / SB3. [vn + adv. / prep.] to remove sth from sth else by pulling it roughly or violently; rip: The storm nearly tore the roof off. I tore another sheet from the pad. He tore his clothes off (= took them off quickly and carelessly) and dived into the lake.4.~ yourself / sb (from sb/sth) to pull yourself/sb away by force from sb/sth that is holding you or them: [vn] She tore herself from his grasp. [vn-adj] He tore himself free.INJURE MUSCLE5. [vn] to injure a muscle, etc. by stretching it too much: a torn ligament She tore a calf muscle playing squash.MOVE QUICKLY6. [v + adv. / prep.] to move somewhere very quickly or in an excited way: He tore off down the street. A truck tore past the gates.-TORN7.(in adjectives) very badly affected or damaged by sth:to bring peace to a strife-torn countrya strike-torn industrytear sb/sth apart, to shreds, to bits, etc. to destroy or defeat sb/sth completely or criticize them or it severely: We tore the other team apart in the second half. The critics tore his last movie to shreds.tear at your heart / tear your heart out (formal) to strongly affect you in an emotional way tear your hair (out) (informal) to show that you are very angry or anxious about sth: She’s keeping very calm—anyone else would be tearing their hair out.(be in) a tearing hurry / rush (especially BrE) (to be) in a very great hurrybe torn (between A and B)to be unable to decide or choose between two people, things or feelings: I was torn between my parents and my friend.tear sb off a strip / tear a strip off sb(BrE, informal) to speak angrily to sb who has done sth wrongthat’s torn it (BrE, informal) used to say that sth has happened to spoil your plans—more at heart, limb, loose adj.tear sb apart / tear apart sb to make sb feel very unhappy or worried; rip sb apart: It tears me apart to think I might have hurt her feelings. His distress tore me apart.tear sth apart / tear apart sth1. to destroy sth violently, especially by pulling it to pieces: The dogs tore the fox apart.2. to make people in a country, an organization or other place fight or argue with each other: Racial strife is tearing our country apart.3.to search a place, making it look untidy and causing damage: They tore the room apart, looking for money.tear at sth to pull or cut sth violently so that it tears: He tore at the meat with his bare hands.tear yourself away (from sth)/ tear sth away (from sth)to leave somewhere even though you would prefer to stay there; to take sth away from somewhere: Dinner’s ready, if you can tear yourselfaway from the TV. She was unable to tear her eyes away from him (= could not stop looking at him).tear sth down / tear down sth to pull or knock down a building, wall, etc.: They’re teari ng down these old houses to build a new office block.tear into sb/sth1. to attack sb/sth physically or with words: The wind tore into him.2. to start doing sth witha lot of energy: They tore into their food as if they were starving. The band tore into their opening number.tear sth up / tear up sth to destroy a document, etc. by tearing it into pieces; rip sth up: She tore up all the letters he had sent her. (figurative) He accused t he leader of tearing up the party’s manifesto (= of ignoring it).hardshipnoun [U, C] a situation that is difficult and unpleasant because you do not have enough money, food, clothes, etc.: economic / financial, etc. hardship People suffered many hardships during that long winter. The two men endured great hardship during their trek across Antarctica. It was no hardship to walk home on such a lovely evening.backgroundnounFAMILY / EDUCATION, etc.1.[C] the details of a person’s family, education, experience etc.: a person’s family / social / cultural / educational / class background The job would suit someone with a business background. In spite of their very different backgrounds, they immediately became friends.PAST2. [C, usually sing., U] the circumstances or past events which help explain why sth is how it is; information about these: the historical background to the war background information / knowledge The elections are taking place against a background of violence. Can you give me more background on the company?OF PICTURE / PHOTO3.[C, usually sing.] the part of a picture, photograph or view behind the main objects, people, etc.: a photograph with trees in the backgroundLESS IMPORTANT POSITION4.[sing.] a position in which people are not paying attention to sb/sth or not as much attention as they are paying to sb/sth else: He prefers to remain in the background and let his assistant talk to the press. A piano tinkled gent ly in the background. background music There was a lot of background noise (= that you could hear, but were not listening to).COLOUR UNDER STH5. [C, usually sing.] a colour or design on which sth is painted, drawn, etc.: The name of the company is written in red on a white background.in the background (computing) (of a computer program) not being used at the present time and appearing on the screen behind programs that are being usedroarverb1. [v] to make a very loud, deep sound: We heard a lion roar. The gun roared deafeningly. The engine roared to life (= started noisily). The wind was roaring in my ears.2. ~ (sth) (out)to shout sth very loudly: [v] The crowd roared. [vn] The fans roared (out) their approval. He roared out James’s name. [v speech] ‘Stand back,’ he roared.3.[v] ~ (with laughter) to laugh very loudly: He looked so funny, we all roared. It made them roar with laughter.4. [v + adv. / prep.] (of a vehicle or its rider / driver) to move very fast, making a lot of noise: She put her foot down and the car roared away. A group of young men on motorcycles roared past.5. [v] (of a fire) to burn brightly with a lot of flames, heat and noise: A log fire was roaring in the hearth.noun1. a loud deep sound made by an animal, especially a lion, or by sb’s voice: His speech was greeted by a roar of applause. roars of laughter2. a loud continuous noise made by the wind or sea, or by a machine: I could barely hear above the roar of traffic. the roar of the Atlantic 小课堂:如何培养中学生的自主学习能力?自主学习是与传统的接受学习相对应的一种现代化学习方式。

人教高中英语选修9 U2 Sailing the oceans Using language (共6

人教高中英语选修9 U2 Sailing the oceans Using language (共6
1. Why do you think this writer describes his journey as one of the greatest in navigational history? Do you agree? Give your reasons.
2. What kind of leadership qualities do you think Captain Bligh showed? Are these the only qualities needed for a good captain?
A sample letter report
Dear Sir,
I think Captain Bligh should certainly receive a special medal for his amazing voyage across the sea to Timor. This is a journey that could not have been completed without great navigational skill. In addition Captain Bligh did not lose one man.
3. We couldn’t get a correct reading from the quadrant as the weather was bad. F 4. Working out our position took us a great deal of time which made us worried. F 5. The extreme lack of water was the hardest to cope with. T
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Unit 2 Sailing the oceansTeaching ResourcesSection 3: Words and expressions from Unit 2Sailing the oceansmercynoun (pl. -ies)1. [U] a kind or forgiving attitude towards sb that you have the power to harm or right to punish humanity:to ask / beg / plead for mercy They showed no mercy to their hostages. God have mercy on us. The troops are on a mercy mission (= a journey to help people) in the war zone.2. [C, usually sing.] (informal) an event or a situation to be grateful for, usually because it stops sth unpleasant: It’s a mercy she wasn’t seriously hurt. His death was a mercy (= because he was in great pain. at the mercy of sb/sth not able to stop sb/sth harming you because they have power or control over you:I’m not going to put myself at t he mercy of the bank. We were at the mercy of the weather.leave sb/sth to the mercy / mercies of sb/sth to leave sb/sth in a situation that may cause them to suffer or to be treated badly: privatized companies left to the mercy of market forces (humoro us) I’ll leave you to the tender mercies of these ladies!throw yourself on sb’s mercy (formal) to put yourself in a situationwhere you must rely on sb to be kind to you and not harm or punish you longsideprep.1. next to or at the side of sth: A police car pulled up alongside us.a lifeboat moored alongside the yacht Much of the land alongside the river is below sea level. 2.together with or at the same time as sth/sb: Traditional beliefs still flourish alongside a modern urban lifestyle. explorationnoun [C, U]1. the act of travelling through a place in order to find out about it or look for sth in it: the exploration of space oil exploration (= searching for oil in the ground)2.an examination of sth in order to find out about it: the book’s explorations of the human mindaccelerateverb1. to happen or to make sth happen faster or earlier than expected: [v] Inflation continues to accelerate. [vn] Exposure to the sun can accelerate the ageing process.2. [v] (of a vehicle or person) to start to go faster: The runners accelerated smoothly around the bend. The car accelerated to overtake me.secureadj.HAPPY / CONFIDENT1.feeling happy and confident about yourself or a particular situation: At last they were able to feel secure about the future. She finished the match, secure in the knowledge that she was through to the next round. CERTAIN / SAFE2. likely to continue or be successful for a long time; safe: a secure job / income It’s not a very secure way to make a living. The future of the company looks secure.3. ~ (against / from sth) that cannot be affected or harmed by sth: Information must be stored so that it is secure from accidental deletion. BUILDING / DOOR / ROOM4. guarded and/or made stronger so that it is difficult for people to enter or leave:Check that all windows and doors have been made as secure as possible. a secure unit for child offenders The building is secure against intruders.FIRM5.not likely to move, fall down, etc.; stable: The aerial doesn’t look very secure to me. It was difficult to maintain a secure foothold on the ice. (figurative) Our relationship was now on a more secure footing. verbGET STH1. ~ sth (for sb/sth)| ~ sb sth (formal) to obtain or achieve sth,especially when this means using a lot of effort:[vn] to secure a contract / deal The team managed to secure a place in the finals. She secured 2. 000 votes. The delegation has secured the promise of a ceasefire. [vn, vnn] He secured a place for himself at law school. He secured himself a place at law school.FASTEN FIRMLY2. [vn] ~ sth (to sth) to attach or fasten sth firmly: She secured the rope firmly to the back of the car. The tables on board were secured firmly to the floor.PROTECT FROM HARM3.[vn] ~ sth (against sth) to protect sth so that it is safe and difficult to attack or damage: to secure a property against intruders The windows were secured with locks and bars. (figurative) a savings plan that will secure your child’s futureA LOAN4. [vn] to legally agree to give sb property or goods that are worth the same amount as the money that you have borrowed from them, if you are unable to pay the money back: a loan secured on the houserandomadj. [usually before noun] done, chosen, etc. without sb deciding in advance what is going to happen, or without any regular pattern: the random killing of innocent people a random sample / selection (= in whicheach thing has an equal chance of being chosen) The information is processed in a random order.nounat random without deciding in advance what is going to happen, or without any regular pattern: She opened the book at random (= not at any particular page) and started reading. The terrorists fired into the crowd at random. Names were chosen at random from a list.awkwardadj.1. making you feel embarrassed: There was an awkward silence. I felt awkward because they obviously wanted to be alone.2. difficult to deal with:Don’t ask awkward questions. You’ve put me in an awkward position. an awkward customer (= a person who is difficult to deal with) Please don’t be awkward about letting him come. It makes things awkward for everyone when you behave like that.3.not convenient, inconvenient: Have I come at an awkward time?4. difficult or dangerous because of its shape or design: This box is very awkward for one person to carry. This tool will reach into awkward corners, such as under kitchen units.5. not moving in an easy way; not comfortable: He tried to dance, but he was too clumsy and awkward. I must have slept in an awkward position—I’m aching all over.referencenounMENTIONING SB / STH1. [C, U] ~ (to sb/sth) a thing you say or write that mentions sb/sth else; the act of mentioning sb/sth: The book is full of references to growing up in India. She made no reference to her illness but only to her future plans. the President’s passing reference to (= brief mention of) the end of the warLOOKING FOR INFORMATION2.[U] the act of looking at sth for information: Keep the list of numbers near the phone for easy reference. I wrote down the name of the hotel for future reference (= because it might be useful in the future). The library contains many popular works of reference (= reference books). ASKING FOR ADVICE3. [U] ~ (to sb/sth) (formal) the act of asking sb for help or advice: The emergency nurse can treat minor injuries without reference to a doctor.NUMBER / WORD / SYMBOL4. [C] (abbr. ref.) a number, word or symbol that shows where sth is ona map, or where you can find a piece of information: The map reference is Y4.. Please quote your reference number when making an enquiry. FOR NEW JOB5. [C] a letter written by sb who knows you, giving information aboutyour character and abilities, especially to a new employer:We will take up references after the interview.6. [C] a person who agrees to write a reference, for you, for example when you are applying for a job: My previous boss will act as a reference for me.IN BOOK7. [C] a note in a book that tells you where a particular piece of information comes from: There is a list of references at the end of each chapter.in / with reference to(formal) used to say what you are talking or writing about: With reference to your letter of July 22...verb[vn] (formal) to refer to sth; to provide a book, etc. with references: Each chapter is referenced, citing literature up to 2004.preciseadj.1.clear and accurate; exact:precise details / instructions / measurements Can you give a more precise definition of the word? I can be reasonably precise about the time of the incident.2. [only before noun] used to emphasize that sth happens at a particular time or in a particular way: We were just talking about her when, at that precise moment, she walked in. Doctors found it hard to establish the precise nature of her illness.3.taking care to be exact and accurate, especiallyabout small details: a skilled and precise worker small, precise movements (disapproving) She’s rather prim and precise.to be (more) precise used to show that you are giving more detailed and accurate information about sth you have just mentioned: The shelf is about a metre long—well, 98cm, to be precise.simplifyverb(simplifies, simplifying, simplified, simplified) [vn] to make sth easier to do or understand: The application forms have now been simplified.I hope his appointment will simplify matters. a simplified version of the story for young childrenportableadj. that is easy to carry or to move: a portable TV The equipment is lightweight, portable and easy to store. (figurative) a portable loan / pension (= that can be moved if you change banks, jobs, etc.) portable softwarenoun a small type of machine that is easy to carry, especially a computer or a television: The kids are upstairs watching the portable (= television).shortcomingnoun[usually pl.] a fault in sb’s character, a plan, a system, etc.: She made me aware of my own shortcomings. Despite a number of shortcomings, the project will still go ahead.updateverb [vn]1. to make sth more modern by adding new parts, etc.: It’s about time we updated our software.2.~ sb (on sth)| ~ sth to give sb the most recent information about sth; to add the most recent information to sth bring up to date: I called the office to update them on the day’s developments. Our records are regularly updated.tendencynoun (pl. -ies)1. [C] ~ (for sb/sth) (to do sth)| ~ (to / towards sth) if sb/sth hasa particular tendency, they are likely to behave or act in a particular way: to display artistic, etc. tendencies I have a tendency to talk too much when I’m nervous. There is a tendency for this disease to run in families. She has a strong natural tendency towards caution. This material has a tendency to shrink when washed.2. [C] ~ (for sb/sth) (to do sth)| ~ (to / towards sth) a new custom that is starting to develop: There is a growing tendency among employers to hire casual staff.3. [C+sing./pl. v.] (BrE) a group within a larger political group, whose views are more extreme than those of the rest of the group: the militant tendencyreliableadj.1. that can be trusted to do sth well; that you can rely on; dependable: We are looking for someone who is reliable and hard-working. a reliable friend My car’s not as reliable as it used to be.2. that is likely to be correct or true: Our information comes from a reliable source. a reliable witness How reliable are the local weather forecasts? These tests are a reliable indicator of future performance.swoopverb [v]1.[usually +adv. / prep.] (of a bird or plane) to fly quickly and suddenly downwards, especially in order to attack sb/sth; dive: The aircraft swooped down over the buildings. A hawk swooped low over the field.2. ~ (on sb/sth) (especially of police or soldiers) to visit or attack sb/sth suddenly and without warning: Officers swooped on the vehicles as they left the ferry.noun1. an act of moving suddenly and quickly through the air in a downward direction, as a bird does dive2. ~ (on sth/sb) an act of arriving somewhere or attacking sth/sb in a way that is sudden and unexpected: Large quantities of drugs were found during a police swoop on the star’s New York home.peckverb1.~ (at sth) (of birds) to move the beak forward quickly and hit or bite sth: [v] A robin was pecking at crumbs on the ground. Hens pecked around in the yard. [vn] A bird had pecked a hole in the sack. Vultures had pecked out the dead goat’s eyes.2.[vn] ~ sb (on sth) (informal) to kiss sb lightly and quickly: He pecked her on the cheek as he went out. She pecked his cheek.a / the pecking order (informal, often humorous) the order of importance in relation to one another among the members of a group: New Zealand is at the top of the pecking order of rugby nations. to be first in the pecking orderpeck at sth to eat only a very small amount of a meal because you are not hungry; pick at: She sat nervously pecking at her food. expeditionnoun1. an organized journey with a particular purpose, especially to find out about a place that is not well known: to plan / lead / go on an expedition to the North Pole2.the people who go on an expedition: Three members of the Everest expedition were killed.3. (sometimes humorous) a short trip that you make when you want or need sth: a shopping expedition compulsoryadj. that must be done because of a law or a rule: It is compulsory for all motorcyclists to wear helmets. English is a compulsory subject atthis level. compulsory education / schooling compulsory redundancies Survivalnoun1.[U] the state of continuing to live or exist, often despite difficulty or danger: the struggle / battle / fight for survival His only chance of survival was a heart transplant. Exporting is necessary f or our economic survival. Continued trade in these products is a threat to the survival of the species.2.[C] ~ (from sth) something that has continued to exist from an earlier time: The ceremony is a survival from pre-Christian times.the survival of the fittest the principle that only the people or things that are best adapted to their surroundings will continue to exist incidentnoun1.[C] something that happens, especially sth unusual or unpleasant: His bad behaviour was just an isolated incident. One particular incident sticks in my mind.2. [C, U] a serious or violent event, such as a crime, an accident or an attack: There was a shooting incident near here last night. The demonstration passed off without incident.3.[C] a disagreement between two countries, often involving military forces: a border / diplomatic incidentdeparturenoun1. [C, U] ~ (from ... ) the act of leaving a place; an example of this: His sudden departure threw the office into chaos. Flights should be confirmed 4.8 hours before departure. They had received no news of him since his departure from the island.2.[C] a plane, train, etc. leaving a place at a particular time: arrivals and departures All departures are from Manchester. the departure lounge / time / gate the departures board3.[C] ~ (from sth) an action that is different from what is usual or expected: It was a radical departure from tradition. Their latest single represents a new departure for the band.depositnounMONEY1.[usually sing.] a ~ (on sth) a sum of money that is given as the first part of a larger payment: We’ve put down a 5.% deposit on the house. They normally ask you to pay £1.00 (as a) deposit. All deposits are non-refundable.2. [usually sing.] a sum of money that is paid by sb when they rent sth and that is returned to them if they do not lose or damage the thing they are renting: to pay a dep osit They’l l probably ask you to leave a deposit.3. a sum of money that is paid into a bank account: Deposits can be made at any branch.4.(in the British political system) the amount of money that a candidate in an election to Parliamenthas to pay, and that is returned if he/she gets enough votes: All the other candidates lost their deposits.verb [vn]PUT DOWN1. [+adv. / prep.] to put or lay sb/sth down in a particular place: She deposited a pile of books on my desk. (informal) I was whisked off in a taxi and deposited outside the hotel.LEAVE SUBSTANCE2. (especially of a river or a liquid) to leave a layer of sth on the surface of sth, especially gradually and over a period of time: Sand was deposited which hardened into sandstone.MONEY3. to put money into a bank account: Millions were deposited in Swiss bank accounts.reckonverb1.(informal, especially BrE) to think sth or have an opinion about sth: [v (that)] I reckon (that) I’m going to get that job. He’ll be famous one day. What do you reckon (= do you agree)? [v] It’s worth a lot of money, I reckon. ‘They’ll never find out.’ ‘You reckon?’ (= I think you may be wrong about that)2.be reckoned (not used in the progressive tenses) to be generally considered to be sth: [vn to inf] Children arereckoned to be more sophisticated nowadays. [vn-n] It was generally reckoned a success. [also vn-adj] 3.[v to inf] (BrE, informal) to expect to do sth:We reckon to finish by ten. He wasn’t reckoning to pay so much.4. ~ sth (at sth) to calculate an amount, a number, etc.: [vn] I could see him reckoning the cost as I spoke. The age of the earth is reckoned at about 4.6.00 million years. [v (that)] They reckon (that) their profits are down by at least 2.0%. [vn to inf] The journey was reckoned to take about two hours.reckon on sth to expect sth to happen or to rely on sth happening: They hadn’t reckoned on a rebellion. [+ -ing] We’d reckoned on having good weather.reckon sth up / reckon up sth(especially BrE) to calculate the total amount or number of sth: He reckoned up the cost of everything in his mind.reckon with sb/sth1.[usually passive] to consider or treat sb/sth as a serious opponent, problem, etc.: They were already a political force to be reckoned with.2. (usually used in negative sentences) to consider sth as a possible problem that you should be prepared for; take sth into account: [+ -ing] I didn’t reckon with getting caught up in so much traffic.reckon without sb/sth (especially BrE) to not consider sb/sth as a possible problem that you should be prepared for; not take sth intoaccount: They had reckoned without the determination of the opposition. tensionnoun1. [U, C, usually pl.] ~ (between A and B) a situation in which people do not trust each other, or feel unfriendly towards each other, and which may cause them to attack each other: There is mounting tension along the border. international / racial / political tensions Family tensions and conflicts may lead to violence. The incident has further increased tension between the two countries.2.[C, U] ~ (between A and B) a situation in which the fact that there are different needs or interests causes difficulties: There is often a tension between the aims of the company and the wishes of the employees.3. [U] a feeling of anxiety and stress that makes it impossible to relax: nervous tension We laughed and that helped ease the tension. Walking and swimming are excellent for releasing tension. a tension headache4. [U] the feeling of fear and excitement that is created by a writer or a film/movie director: dramatic tension As the movie progresses the tension builds.5. [U] the state of being stretched tight; the extent to which sth is stretched tight: muscular tension Adjust the string tension of your tennis racket to suit your style of playing. When knitting, try to keep the same tension throughout. Massage can relieve tension in your shoulders and back. verb [vn] (technical) to make a wire, sail, etc. tight and stretchedgradualadj.1. happening slowly over a long period; not sudden: a gradual change in the climate Recovery from the disease is very gradual.2.(of a slope) not steepforeseeverb(foresaw, foreseen ) to think sth is going to happen in the future; to know about sth before it happens; predict: [vn] We do not foresee any problems. The extent of the damage could not have been foreseen. [v (that)] No one could have foreseen (that) things would turn out this way. [v wh-] It is impossible to foresee how life will work out. [also vn -ing] thirstnoun1.[U, sing.] the feeling of needing or wanting a drink: He quenched his thirst with a long drink of cold water. She woke up with a raging thirst and a headache.2. [U] the state of not having enough water to drink: Thousands are dying of thirst.3.[sing.] ~ (for sth) a strong desire for sth: a thirst for knowledgetearverb (tore ,torn)DAMAGE1. to damage sth by pulling it apart or into pieces or by cutting it onsth sharp; to become damaged in this way; rip: [vn] I tore my jeans on the fence. I tore a hole in my jeans. He tore the letter in two. a torn handkerchief [vn-adj] I tore the package open. I tore open the package. [v] Careful—the fabric tears very easily.2.[vn] ~ sth in sth to make a hole in sth by force; rip: The blast tore a hole in the wall. REMOVE FROM STH / SB3. [vn + adv. / prep.] to remove sth from sth else by pulling it roughly or violently; rip: The storm nearly tore the roof off. I tore another sheet from the pad. He tore his clothes off (= took them off quickly and carelessly) and dived into the lake.4.~ yourself / sb (from sb/sth) to pull yourself/sb away by force from sb/sth that is holding you or them: [vn] She tore herself from his grasp. [vn-adj] He tore himself free. INJURE MUSCLE5.[vn] to injure a muscle, etc. by stretching it too much:a torn ligament She tore a calf muscle playing squash.MOVE QUICKLY6. [v + adv. / prep.] to move somewhere very quickly or in an excited way: He tore off down the street. A truck tore past the gates.-TORN7.(in adjectives) very badly affected or damaged by sth:to bring peace to a strife-torn country a strike-torn industrytear sb/sth apart, to shreds, to bits, etc. to destroy or defeat sb/sthcompletely or criticize them or it severely: We tore the other team apart in the second half. The critics tore his last movie to shreds.tear at your heart / tear your heart out (formal) to strongly affect you in an emotional waytear your hair (out) (informal) to show that you are very angry or anxious about sth: She’s keeping very calm—anyone else would be tearing their hair out.(be in) a tearing hurry / rush (especially BrE) (to be) in a very great hurrybe torn (between A and B)to be unable to decide or choose between two people, things or feelings: I was torn between my parents and my friend. tear sb off a strip / tear a strip off sb(BrE, informal) to speak angrily to sb who has done sth wrongthat’s torn it(BrE, informal) used to say that sth has happened to spoil your plans—more at heart, limb, loose adj.tear sb apart / tear apart sb to make sb feel very unhappy or worried; rip sb apart: It tears me apart to think I might have hurt her feelings. His distress tore me apart.tear sth apart / tear apart sth1.to destroy sth violently, especially by pulling it to pieces: The dogs tore the fox apart.2. to make people in a country, an organization or other place fight or argue with each other: Racial strife is tearing ourcountry apart.3. to search a place, making it look untidy and causing damage: They tore the room apart, looking for money.tear at sth to pull or cut sth violently so that it tears: He tore at the meat with his bare hands.tear yourself away (from sth)/ tear sth away (from sth)to leave somewhere even though you would prefer to stay there; to take sth away from somewhere: Dinner’s ready, if you can tear yourself away from the TV. She was unable to tear her eyes away from him (= could not stop looking at him). tear sth down / tear down sth to pull or knock down a building, wall, etc.: They’re teari ng down these old houses to build a new office block. tear into sb/sth1. to attack sb/sth physically or with words: The wind tore into him.2. to start doing sth with a lot of energy: They tore into their food as if they were starving. The band tore into their opening number.tear sth up / tear up sth to destroy a document, etc. by tearing it into pieces; rip sth up: She tore up all the letters he had sent her. (figurative) He accused t he leader of tearing up the party’s manifesto (= of ignoring it).hardshipnoun [U, C] a situation that is difficult and unpleasant because you do not have enough money, food, clothes, etc.: economic / financial, etc. hardship People suffered many hardships during that long winter. Thetwo men endured great hardship during their trek across Antarctica. It was no hardship to walk home on such a lovely evening.backgroundnounFAMILY / EDUCATION, etc.1.[C] the details of a person’s family, education, experience etc.:a person’s family / social / cultural / educationa l / class background The job would suit someone with a business background. In spite of their very different backgrounds, they immediately became friends.PAST2. [C, usually sing., U] the circumstances or past events which help explain why sth is how it is; information about these: the historical background to the war background information / knowledge The elections are taking place against a background of violence. Can you give me more background on the company?OF PICTURE / PHOTO3. [C, usually sing.] the part of a picture, photograph or view behind the main objects, people, etc.: a photograph with trees in the background LESS IMPORTANT POSITION4.[sing.] a position in which people are not paying attention to sb/sth or not as much attention as they are paying to sb/sth else: He prefers to remain in the background and let his assistant talk to the press. Apiano tinkled gently in the background. background music There was a lot of background noise (= that you could hear, but were not listening to).COLOUR UNDER STH5.[C, usually sing.] a colour or design on which sth is painted, drawn, etc.: The name of the company is written in red on a white background. in the background (computing) (of a computer program) not being used at the present time and appearing on the screen behind programs that are being usedroarverb1. [v] to make a very loud, deep sound: We heard a lion roar. The gun roared deafeningly. The engine roared to life (= started noisily). The wind was roaring in my ears.2. ~ (sth) (out) to shout sth very loudly: [v] The crowd roared. [vn] The fans roared (out) their approval. He roared out James’s name. [v speech] ‘Stand back,’ he roared.3. [v] ~ (with laughter) to laugh very loudly: He looked so funny, we all roared. It made them roar with laughter.4. [v + adv. / prep.] (of a vehicle or its rider / driver) to move very fast, making a lot of noise: She put her foot down and the car roared away. A group of young men on motorcycles roared past.5. [v] (of a fire) to burn brightly with a lot of flames, heat and noise: A log fire was roaring in the hearth.noun1.a loud deep sound made by an animal, especially a lion, or by sb’s voice: His speech was greeted by a roar of applause. roars of laughter2. a loud continuous noise made by the wind or sea, or by a machine: I could barely hear above the roar of traffic. the roar of the Atlantic。

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