英语语言学名词解释 最终版

现代语言学

1 language: language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.

1 interlanguage:The type of language produced by nonnative speakers in the process of learning a second language or foreign language.

1 Linguistics : Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language

2 Phonetics : The study of sounds which are used in linguistics communication is called phonetics.For example,vowels and consonants

3 Phonology” : The study of how sounds are put together and used in communication is called phonology.For example,phone,phoneme,and allophone.

4 Morphology 形态学:The study of the way in which morphemes are arranged to form words is called morphology.For example,boy and “ish”---boyish,teach---teacher.

5 Syntax 句型: The study of how morphemes and words are combined to form sentences is called syntax.For esample,”John like linguistics.”

6 Semantics语义学: The study of meaning in language is called semantics. For example,:The seal could not be found.The zoo keeper became worr ied.” The seal could not be found,The king became worried.” Here the word seal means different things.

7 Pragmatics语用学: The study of meaning in context of use is called pragmatics.For example, “I do” The word do means different context.

二音系学

1 Phonetics: The study of sounds that are used in linguistic communication is called phonetics.

2 Phonology: The study of how sounds are put together and used in communication is called phonology.

3 Phone: Phone can be simply defined as the speech sounds we use when speaking a language. A phone is a phonetic unit or segement. It does not necessarily distinguish meaning; some do,some don’t.

4 Phoneme音素: Phonology is concerned with the speech sounds which distinguish meaning. The basic unit in phonology is called phoneme;it is a unit that is of distinctive value.

5 allophone同位音: The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environment are called the allophones of that phoneme.

6 Complementary distribution: These two allophones of the same phoneme are said to be in complementary distribution.

7 Minimal pair: When two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segement which occurs in the same place in the stings, the two words are said to form a minimal pair.

10 intonation朗诵: When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as intonation. Intonation plays an important role in conveying meaning in almost every language,especially in a language like English{$isbest}

三形态学

1 morphology: Morphology is a branch of grammer which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.

2 inflectional morphology: Inflectional morphology studies the inflections of word-formation.

3 derivational morphology: Derivational morphology is the study of word-formation.

4 morpheme词素: Morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit of language.

5 free morpheme: Free morpheme are the morphemes which are independent units of meaning and can be used freely all by themselces or in combination with other morphemes.

6 bound morpheme: Bound morphemes are the morphemes which cannot be used independently but have to be combined with other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word.

7 root: A root is often seen as part of a word; it can never stand by itself although it bears clear,definite meaning; it must be