柴油机机体是车辆的一个很重要的组成部分

Structure of Diesel Engine and the introduction of GE-7FDLDiesel EngineEngine block is a key part of vehicle. If it fails then there is no other option than replace it or repair it. It term as a block because it is a solid, tough and sturdy. It is also known as a cylinder block. Now question is why it is named so? It known as a block because it provides housing for a cylinder and other parts like piston, valves of a vehicle.Engine block is placed at bottom of vehicle. And it is most important aspect where all major actions are performs. Engine works on a principle of internal combustion engine block is a vital structure at bottom end. Crankshaft rotates due to expanding combustion of gases which in turn applies down word pressure on the piston.Engine block is made up of a cast iron to make it stronger and tougher. Aluminum is used to make engine block lightweight. Aluminum also works as a heat sink which dissipates heat equally. Prevents extra heating of an engine block. Nickel is also used in manufacturing of engine block. It gives more strength and sturdiness to engine.Though there are many researches are going on till date to make more light weight engine blocks, yet durable. It covers major part of car weight. Scientist researches on use of plastic for manufacturing of engine block.If you look from outside the engine, then first is outer case made up of a solid tough case. It is designed such that all the parts are sealed inside the engine. For the purpose of cooling number of channels are run through engine. It delivers water to every hot section of engine. When water gets circulated it back to the radiator, in which it is cooled by radiator fan and again sent all the way through engine.Main element of the engine block is a cylinder. Size of engine matters on number of cylinders and their design strategy. Placement of the engine is depending on this size. Most of the cars work on eight engines.These engine blocks consist of piston, with upward and down word movements piston gives motion energy. Motion of Crankshaft occurs due to pistons out word direction.It is achieve through number of controlled actions like compression, intake, exhaust etc happen inside the cylinder.Engine block design varies according to manufactures fundamentals. But apart from of design of engine it readily supports all the forces exerted on it by the number of key elements like crankshaft and piston. It must provide as a basic structure for other components of engine plus light weight too.Oil pan is attached to the engine bottom. Oil pan consists of lubricating oil. It is stick to the engine block. Oil must be change regularly for proficient work of engine. On internet you can get variety of comprehensive design which suits to your car. Are you thinking of buying new engine block, then world wide web is a suitable option fore. Many sites give cost effective and reliable service at your door stepIndustry of engine block is continuously motivated to manufacture much lighter and better engine parts. Which in turn advance and boost the engine performance. Engine block is largest and most develop single section of metal used in a combustion engine. There are different engine blocks available in market, viz. single engine block, double cylinder engine block and V shape cylinder blocks.Engine block are the fundamental constituent of combustion engine. Great performance engine head which are now days used in automobiles are basically the casting which provide housing for fuel injector and also maintain different parts of auto cooling system. Primary material used for making engine head are aluminum, nickel alloy , copper , titanium , galvanized steel etc. The main unction of engine head is to provide assist to head gasket in such manner that they provide proper compression to engine. Different types in engine head are cast iron engine head, assembled engine head, aluminum engine head.Engine is constantly working part of the automobile, hence need for some precautionary measurements are essential. Due to its high performance engine block gets enormously hot even during normal operation. Hence Driver must take sufficient precaution before touching the engine. Make sure thatengine gets cooled satisfactorily.Medium-speed heavy-duty diesel engines are used as the motive power for present diesel electric locomotives. The Clean Air Amendments of 1990 directed the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to establish regulations on previously unregulated non-road mobile sources including rail locomotives. The EPA's final rule for locomotive exhaust emissions requires future manufactured or remanufactured domestic locomotives to meet standards at different stringency levels for both line-haul and switch locomotive duty cycles. This includes remanufactured locomotives to meet Tier-0 standards from 2001, newly manufactured locomotives to meet Tier-1 from 2002 through 2004, and newly produced locomotives to meet Tier-2 in 2005 and later, as shown by the regulation, [1]. The standards for the locomotive line-haul duty cycle shown by EPA [2]are given in Table 1.The regulations require locomotives to meet the standards over a wide range of environmental conditions. For instance, the standards of each Tier shown in Table 1 must be met from sea level up to 1219 meter (4000 ft) altitude by testing and up to 2134 meter (7000 ft) altitude by engineering analysis verification, as required by EPA [1].The GE7FDL series is one of the main engines for heavy duty locomotives in North America and worldwide. The engine's predecessor was designed by Cooper Bessemer and was adopted by GE in the late 1950s for entry into the heavy-duty locomotive market as a complete vehicle supplier. The 16-cylinder version was introduced at 1864 kW (2500 hp) in 1963 in the classic U25 locomotive. Over the next three decades the power grew successively to 2237, 2461, 2685, 2908, 3057, and 3356kW (4500 hp) on the same bore and stroke format.This growth was made possible by the constant development of turbocharger, fuel injection, manifolds, power assemblies, and all other stressed components. The engine is the highest production medium speed diesel engine in the world, with over 1200 engines produced annually. The operating fleet numbers near 10,000 engines.The engine has retained its original cross-section layout, as shown in Fig. 1,in spite of an almost 100% power growth. The individual power assemblies are carried on a low deck crankcase. The camshafts are driven by single reduction gears and are accessible through the crankcase doors. No separate camshaft openings and a deep skirt give the crankcase high bending and torsional rigidity.The crankshaft is supported in underslung, side bolted steel bearing caps. The connecting rod is a master-slave design which reveals its Cooper Bessemer heritage. This design provides one bearing for the full width of the crankpin for modest bearing loads.The piston pins are bolted to the rod ends which also provide full-width bearings. Pistons are composed of steel crowns bolted to aluminum skirts.The electronic fuel injection system uses a solenoid-controlled pump mounted high on the cylinder and coupled by a short stiff fuel line to a low sac injector. The four-valve cross-flow head provides very little swirl to the quiescent combustion chamber. Two modular pulse converter exhaust manifolds feed a single turbocharger mounted on the free end of the engine. The turbo has been highly developed over the years in conjunction with GE Aircraft Engine and its high efficiency is largely responsible for the high power density and low fuel consumption of the engine. The basic specifications of the 7FDL engine baseline can be found in Table 2.General levels of the exhaust gaseous emissions of the noncompliant 7FDL 16-cylinder engine equipped with an electronic fuel injection (EFI) system and split-intercooling system are included in Fig. 2 for comparison. This shows oxides of nitrogen (NO x) is a primary concern among the exhaust gaseous emissions of the baseline locomotive engine. The NO x emission needed to be significantly reduced to meet the Tier-0 and further Tier-1 regulation standards while reducing and curbing other exhaust emissions such as smoke, particulate matters(PM) and carbon monoxide (CO). The adverse impact on the engine fuel efficiency needed to be avoided and minimized in the engine emission-reduction development. All of this needed to be realized with minimal changes to the existing baseline engine system and components in consideration of the interchangeability and upgrade from the baseline engines to the low-emission configuration.The electronic fuel injection system uses a solenoid-controlled pump mounted high on the cylinder and coupled by a short stiff fuel line to a low sac injector. The four-valve cross-flow head provides very little swirl to the quiescent combustion chamber. Two modular pulse converter exhaust manifolds feed a single turbocharger mounted on the free end of the engine. The turbo has been highly developed over the years in conjunction with GE Aircraft Engine and its high efficiency is largely responsible for the high power density and low fuel consumption of the engine. The basic specifications of the 7FDL engine baseline can be found in Table 2.General levels of the exhaust gaseous emissions of the noncompliant 7FDL 16-cylinder engine equipped with an electronic fuel injection (EFI) system and split-intercooling system are included in Fig. 2forcomparison. This shows oxides of nitrogen (NOx ) is a primary concern amongthe exhaust gaseous emissions of the baseline locomotive engine. The NOx emission needed to be significantly reduced to meet the Tier-0 and further Tier-1 regulation standards while reducing and curbing other exhaust emissions such as smoke, particulate matters(PM) and carbon monoxide (CO). The adverse impact on the engine fuel efficiency needed to be avoided and minimized in the engine emission-reduction development. All of this needed to be realized with minimal changes to the existing baseline engine system and components in consideration of the interchangeability and upgrade from the baseline engines to the low-emission configuration.Figure 2.,柴油机的结构以及7FDL柴油机简介柴油机机体是车辆的一个很重要的组成部分。