2022届高考英语二轮复习语法突破12:【主谓一致】
高考英语语法之主谓一致的用法总结
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高考英语语法之主谓一致的用法总结主谓一致是指主语与谓语在人称和数上保持一致。
它是英语语法中的重要内容,正确使用主谓一致有助于提高语言表达的准确性和流畅性。
下面是主谓一致的用法总结。
1.单数主语搭配单数谓语:- 例如:He runs every morning.- 主语为第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,即动词加“-s”或者“-es”。
2.复数主语搭配复数谓语:- 例如:They run every morning.- 主语为复数时,谓语动词不加“-s”或者“-es”。
3.并列主语搭配复数谓语:- 例如:Tom and Jerry are good friends.- 并列主语由连词“and”连接时,谓语动词用复数形式。
4.具体时间表达式中的单数主语搭配复数谓语:- 例如:Three days is enough.-具体时间表达式中的单数主语搭配复数谓语,常以复数形式表示。
5.集体名词的单数形式搭配单数谓语,但根据语境决定单复数:6. 由"one of + 复数名词"引导的主语,谓语动词用复数形式:- 例如:One of the students have won scholarships. (学生中有人获得了奖学金。
)- 此处的one of the students表示“其中一位学生”,主语为复数,谓语动词用复数形式。
7.有些名词既可以作单数,又可以作复数,谓语动词根据意思决定单复数形式:- 例如:The news is interesting. (这个新闻很有趣。
)- 例如:The news are good. (这些消息很好。
)- 此处的news是一个例子,作为可数名词时,可以看作单数或复数,谓语动词根据意思决定单复数形式。
8. 在there be句型中- 例如:There is a cat on the table. (桌子上有一只猫。
)- 例如:There are two cats on the table. (桌子上有两只猫。
2022高考英语二轮复习语法讲义—主谓一致
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2022高考英语二轮复习语法讲义—主谓一致1)语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
2)意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
3)就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语,一样来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。
例如:There is much water in the thermos.但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。
例如:Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.Reading and writing are very important. 读写专门重要。
注意:当主语由and连结时,假如它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 现在连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。
例如:The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。
典型例题The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.A. isB. wasC. areD. were答案B. 注:先从时态上考虑。
这是过去发生的情况应用过去时,先排除A.,C。
本题易误选D,因为The League secretary and monitor 仿佛是两个人,但认真辨别,monitor 前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。
后面的职务用and 相连。
如此本题主语为一个人,因此应选B。
1)当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。
例如:There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支笔、一把小刀和几本书。
高中英语主谓一致讲解(整理版)
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高中英语主谓一致讲解(整理版)
一、主谓一致的基本概念
●定义:主谓一致是指句子中的主语和谓语动词在数、时态和形式上保持一致。
●功能:确保句子语法正确,意义清晰。
●主谓关系:主语与谓语之间存在逻辑关系,这种关系决定了谓语的形式。
二、主谓一致的主要规则
1.单数主语与谓语的一致
⏹第三人称单数主语使用单数形式的谓语动词。
⏹不可数名词作为主语时,谓语动词使用单数形式。
⏹特殊情况的处理:如“either...or...”结构中,根据就近原则确定谓语的形式。
1.复数主语与谓语的一致
⏹复数主语使用复数形式的谓语动词。
⏹集合名词作为主语时,需要根据具体情况确定谓语的形式。
⏹特殊情况的处理:如“there be”结构中的主谓一致。
1.并列结构中的主谓一致
⏹并列结构中的主语和谓语动词需要保持形式上的平行。
⏹当并列结构中包含不同性质的成分时,需要根据语境和逻辑关系选择适当的谓语形式。
1.从句、不定式、动名词等作为主语时的主谓一致
⏹从句作为主语时,需要根据从句中的谓语动词选择适当的主语形式。
⏹不定式、动名词等非限定性结构作为主语时,谓语动词的形式选择需考虑语境和逻辑关系。
三、实践与练习
●练习题:提供一些练习题,帮助学生更好地理解和掌握主谓一致的规则。
●答案解析:对练习题进行详细的答案解析,帮助学生理解自己的错误,并给出正确的用法建议。
四、总结
对本次讲解的内容进行总结,强调主谓一致在英语语法中的重要性,并提醒学生注意常见的主谓一致错误。
高中英语语法:高中英语主谓一致详解
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高中英语语法:高中英语主谓一致详解在高中英语语法中,主谓一致是一个重要且常考的知识点。
理解和掌握主谓一致的规则对于正确表达句子意思、提高英语语言运用能力至关重要。
接下来,让我们详细探讨一下高中英语主谓一致的相关内容。
主谓一致,简单来说,就是句子的主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。
这看似简单,但在实际运用中却有许多需要注意的地方。
首先,我们来看语法一致原则。
当主语是单数形式时,谓语动词也要用单数形式;当主语是复数形式时,谓语动词则要用复数形式。
例如,“The book is interesting”(这本书很有趣。
)这里主语“the book”是单数,所以谓语动词“is”也是单数。
再比如,“The books are on the shelf”(这些书在架子上。
)“books”是复数,谓语动词“are”也是复数。
但是,有些情况会稍微复杂一些。
比如,当主语是由“and”连接的两个或多个名词时,通常谓语动词用复数形式。
但如果这几个名词指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时,谓语动词要用单数形式。
例如,“The singer and dancer is coming”(这位歌手兼舞者要来了。
)这里“singer and dancer”指的是同一个人,所以谓语动词用单数“is”。
而“The singer and the dancer are good friends”(这位歌手和这位舞者是好朋友。
)这里“singer”和“dancer”指的是两个人,谓语动词就用复数“are”。
其次,意义一致原则也是主谓一致中的重要部分。
有时候,主语的形式是单数,但意义上却是复数;或者主语形式是复数,意义上却是单数。
这时候,谓语动词的形式就要根据主语的实际意义来决定。
例如,“The family is a big one”(这个家庭是个大家庭。
)这里“family”指的是整个家庭这个整体,是单数概念,所以谓语动词用“is”。
而“His family are all waiting for him”(他的家人都在等他。
高考主谓一致知识点归纳
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高考主谓一致知识点归纳高考英语中,主谓一致是一个重要的语法知识点。
在句子中,谓语动词的单复数形式要与主语保持一致,这是英语语法中最基本的规则之一。
在考试中,掌握好主谓一致的知识点对于正确理解和构造句子至关重要。
本文将对高考中主谓一致的知识点进行归纳总结。
一、基本概念主谓一致是指谓语动词的单复数形式与句子的主语在数上保持一致。
当主语是单数时,谓语动词也要用单数形式;当主语是复数时,谓语动词也要用复数形式。
这个规则对于英语句子的语法正确性至关重要。
二、一般规则在一般情况下,主谓一致是按照单数和复数形式来判断的。
下面是一些常见的情况:1. 当主语是第三人称单数代词(he、she、it)时,谓语动词要使用单数形式。
例如:He likes to read books.2. 当主语是第三人称单数名词时,谓语动词要使用单数形式。
例如:The dog barks at strangers.3. 当主语是第三人称复数代词(they)时,谓语动词要使用复数形式。
例如:They are eating lunch.4. 当主语是第三人称复数名词时,谓语动词要使用复数形式。
例如:The girls play soccer every Saturday.三、特殊情况除了一般规则外,还有一些特殊情况需要特别注意。
下面是一些常见的特殊情况及解释:1. 连系动词和主语一致。
当谓语动词是“be”等连系动词时,其形式要与主语保持一致。
例如:She is a doctor.2. 由“there”引导的句子。
当句子以“There”作为形式主语时,谓语动词的形式要与后面的真正主语保持一致。
例如:There are two apples on the table.3. 复合主语的一致性。
当句子中有两个或更多的主语时,谓语动词的形式要与紧靠它的主语保持一致。
例如:The cat and the dog are playing in the garden.四、注意事项在考试中,还有一些需要特别注意的事项:1. 特殊名词的复数形式。
2022届高考英语二轮 专题语法精选讲义主谓一致
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2022届高考英语二轮专题语法精选讲义主谓一致主谓一致(concord),是指主语和谓语动词要保持人称和数上的一致。
英语中动词be的变化形式最多,如I am,You are,He i,We are等。
主语I一定要用am的动词形式,这就叫“主谓一致”。
主谓一致的三个原则主谓一致涉及三个基本原则,即语法一致原则(ing more and more e from the un 一些被人类使用的能量来自于太阳。
注意:在 one of复数名词who/that/which 引导的定语从句结构中,关系代词who/that/which 的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one,因此,从句中的动词应该是复数形式。
但当one之前有the, the on等修饰语时,关系代词的先行词是one,而不是靠近它的复数名词,因此从句的动词应是单数形式。
Thi i one of the bet fim that have been hown thi ear 这是今年所放的最佳电影中的一部。
She i the on one of the gir who ing bet 她是这么多女孩中唯一歌唱得最好的。
4.疑问代词who, what, which作主语时,谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。
Who ive uing for dinner thi evening 一两个朋友今晚要来吃晚饭。
5 “man a 单数名词”结构作主语,谓语动词需用单数形式。
Man a inu表示“减”,和用time表示“乘”时,动词多用单数,但也可用复数。
Two and two i/are four 二加二是四。
Ten time five i/are fift 十乘五等于五十。
注意:用from表示“被减”,muti 10 eave 2 10减8等于2。
25 divided b 5 equa 5 25除以5等于5。
9 时间价格距离等作为整体看待时,谓语动词用单数形式。
高中英语语法主谓一致详细讲解
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高中英语语法主谓一致详细讲解一、谓语动词与主语保持一致的原则(一)语法形式上的一致主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词也用复数形式,二者在语法形式上要一致。
例如:1.My brother is a college student. 我的弟弟是大学生。
2.My brothers are government officials. 我的弟弟们是政府官员。
(二)意义上的一致3.主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词要用复数。
例如:The paper is made from the wood. 纸张是木材制成的。
(这里的paper 指的不是一张纸,而是纸张的总称)4.主语形式为复数,而意义上却是单数,谓语动词要用单数。
例如:The news in the newspaper was true. 报纸上的消息是真的。
(这里的news 意为“消息”,而不是“消息”的复数)二、就近原则也即谓语动词的人称和数与最靠近它的主语保持一致。
例如:1.Here comes the bus! 公共汽车来了!(= The bus is coming!)2.either you or she is to go. 不是你就是她走。
(注意she前面的逗号)三、惯用法上的主谓一致1.在there be句型中,动词be的形式与其后的名词保持一致。
例如:There is a book on the desk. 书桌上有一本书。
2. 有些词如“half of”,“most of ”,“none of ”,“the rest of ”,“a lot of ”,“plenty of ”等后接名词时,谓语动词的形式依这些词所表示的数的概念而定。
例如:Half of the students are from the south. 学生们中有一半是南方人。
(若接复数概念,则用复数形式)。
高中英语主谓一致讲解及练习
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高中英语主谓一致讲解及练习一、讲解部分主谓一致是高中英语语法中的一个重要概念,它指的是在英语句子中,主语和谓语动词在人称和数上要保持一致。
具体来说,就是主语是单数形式,谓语动词也要用单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词也要用复数形式。
同时,谓语动词的人称要根据主语的性别和数量进行变化。
主谓一致的规则主要包括以下三个原则:1.语法一致原则:主语和谓语动词在语法形式上保持一致。
2.意义一致原则:主语和谓语动词在意义上保持一致。
3.邻近一致原则:如果一个句子中有两个主语,谓语动词与距离它最近的主语保持一致。
在实际应用中,需要根据具体的语境和上下文来判断主谓一致的用法。
例如,在一般现在时中,如果主语是第三人称单数(he/she/it),谓语动词要用单数形式;如果主语是复数形式(they/we/you),谓语动词要用复数形式。
二、练习部分1.用正确的形式填空:(1) He(play) basketball every Sunday.(2) She(write) letters to her friends every week.(3) We(go) to the movies on Fridays.(4) They(not play) in the park now.(5) I ___(not write) to my parents this week.答案:(1) plays (2) writes (3) go (4) aren't playing (5) haven't written1.翻译句子:(1) 他们喜欢游泳和打篮球。
答案:They like swimming and playing basketball.。
2022届高三英语语法专题复习之主谓一致课件
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主谓一致
01. 语法一致 03. 就近原则:
02. 意义一致:
三个原则: 语法一致:主语为单数形式,谓语一般用单数形式
主语为复数形式,谓语一般用复数形式 1) Look! A girl _is__ (be) dancing, and two boysa_r_e_ (be) dancing. 意义一致: 谓语取决于主语所表达的内在含义 2) The poora_r_e_(be) in great need of money.
1).No teacher and no student_is__(be) in the classroom. 2) Each boy and each girl _w__a_n__ts (want)
to serve the people in the future. 3) Every man and every woman l_i_v_e_s (live )
♣ (三)意义一致 主语形式虽是单数,但表示复数意义,谓语动词采用复 数形式;
主语形式虽是复数但表示单数意义,谓语动词也采用单数 形式。例如
The population of the earth is increasing very fast
One third of the population here are workers
peacefully.
注意2:用 and连接的并列主语被each,every或 no修饰时,谓语动词单用数_____ 。
9个难点
1. 2.
What He as
he has well as
ehxispetwrieonfcreiedn_id_s_s_(_tb_a_ek_)_e_hs_a(rtdaktoe)impaargtinine.the
(整理版高中英语)高考英语语法主谓一致
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高考英语语法:主谓一致主谓一致是指句子的主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。
主谓一致一般遵循三个原那么:语法一致(或叫形式一致),意义一致或就近一致①.语法一致: 主谓在语法形式上一致, 即主语是单数形式, 谓语用单数, 主语是复数形式, 谓语用复数②.意义一致: 根据主语的内在涵义的单复数确定谓语的单复数③.就近一致: 一个句子中有两个或两个以上的主语, 谓语和靠近它的那个主语保持人称和数的一致分述1.当主语是不定代词somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody, everything, nothing, something, anything等时, 谓语动词用第三人称单数a. Somebody is waiting for you outside.b. Nobody knows the answer.有些不定代词作主语时, 据意义确定谓语动词的单复数. 假设不定代词所指为单数意义, 谓语用单数; 假设不定代词所指为复数意义, 谓语用复数. 这类词有: all, some, any, more, most, half等a. All are happy to hear the news.b. All that has to be done has been done.c. Most of the surface of the earth is covered by water.d. Half of the wood has been carried away.2.集体名词如: family, class, army, enemy, government, group, team等作主语时, 如果将其看作一个整体, 那么谓语动词用单数, 假设看成其中的成员(个体), 那么谓语动词用复数a. My family is a happy one. / All my family are music lovers.b. Our class is the best in our school. / The whole class are having a discussion about the problem.集体名词people, cattle, police, youth等作主语时, 谓语动词常用复数a. The police are looking for the thief.b. Cattle are not allowed to graze here.3.代词none和neither作主语时, 谓语动词根据说话人的意思用单数或复数. 当说话人着眼于任何一个都不时, 谓语动词用单数; 当说话人着眼于全都不时, 谓语动词用复数a. None of them has a car. ( 他们没有一个人有汽车 )b. None of them have a car. ( 他们都没有汽车 )c. None of them knows the answer. ( 他们两个谁也不知道答案 )d. None of them know the answer. ( 他们两个都不知道答案 )4.bothand连接两个主语时, 谓语动词通常用复数. eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut连接两个主语时, 采取就近原那么, 即谓语动词和靠近它的那个主语保持一致a. Both Tom and Jerry were late for school that day.b. Either you or he has dropped waste paper in the street.c. Neither he nor I have forgotten for pay for the drinks.5.在There be和Here be结构中, 句子的主语在be之后, 如果主语不止一个, 那么谓语动词be与邻近的主语一致a. There is a desk, a table, three chairs in the room.b. There are three chairs, a desk and a table in the room.c. Here are two letters and a magazine for you.6.如果主语后面跟有with, together with, along with, as well as, but, except, besides, including, like, rather than, no less than, in addition to(除外)等引导的短语时, 谓语动词的形式只与主语有关, 而与其后的短语无关a. The teacher with three students was in the classroom then.b. This book, as well as the other two books, is borrowed from our school library.c. None but Jim and Mike knows my secret.d. Seven people, including a policeman, were killed.7.表示时间, 长度, 距离, 金额, 价值, 重量, 容量等的复数名词作主语时, 通常作整体看待, 即表示总量或总和, 谓语动词用单数. 假设把它们看作一个个的个体, 即强调其具体数量时, 谓语动词用复数形式a. Twenty years is a long time to us.b. Two hundred miles is not a long distance.c. Ten thousand US dollars is a lot of money.d. There are ten minutes left.8.在四那么运算中, 谓语动词用单复数均可, 但单数形式更为多用a. Two and ten is / are twelve.b. Three times five is / are fifteen.9.动名词或动词不定式作主语时, 谓语动词用单数a. Smoking / To smoke is a bad habit.b. Carving animal bones is not an easy job.10.主语从句作主语时, 谓语动词通常用单数. 但假设主语从句所指的具体内容为复数意义时, 谓语动词用复数a. What we need is more time.b. What we need are more doctors.11.以-s结尾的专有名词作主语时, 谓语动词通常用单数, 这类专有名词如: General Motors(通用汽车公司), the United Nations(联合国), the United States, the New York Times(纽约时报)等.a. The New York Times is published daily.b. The Arabian Nights is a popular reading among the young people.表示群岛, 山脉, 瀑布的专有名词作主语时, 谓语动词通常用复数, 如:the Andes(安第斯山脉), the Alps(阿尔卑斯山脉), the West Indies(西印度群岛), the Niagara Falls(尼加拉大瀑布)12.有些形式为复数, 而意义为单数的名词作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 这类名词如: news, works(工厂), politics(政治), physics(物理), mathematics(数学)等13.以-s或-es结尾, 由对称的两局部构成的物体作主语时, 谓语动词用复数. 这类物体如: trousers, glasses, jeans(牛仔裤), scissors(剪刀), shades(太阳镜)等. 如果这类名词前用了pair, 那么谓语动词的数取决于pair的数a. Here is a pair of glasses for you.b. There are three pairs of jeans in the bag.14. 分数或百分数 + of + 名词作主语时, 谓语动词视名词的可数与否采用单数或复数a. Over three quarters of the city was destroyed in the war.b. 35 percent of the doctors are women.c. Thirty percent of the workers are out of work now.d. One third of the water has been wasted.15.用and连接两个或两个以上的单数名词作主语时, 谓语动词用复数. 如果and连接的两个名词指的是同一人、事、物或概念( 如: a knife and fork一副刀叉, the bread and butter 奶油面包, my house and home我的家)时, 那么谓语动词用单数a. Many books and a pen are on the desk.b. The pianist and composer (钢琴家兼作曲家) has come to this small town.16. the + adj.表示一类人或事物作主语时, 谓语动词用复数. the +adj.假设表示抽象概念或品质, 那么谓语用单数a. The old in the city are taken good care of.b. The beautiful gives pleasure to all of us.美给我们以快乐17.more than one和 many a + 单数名词作主语时, 谓语用单数a. Many a student has won the prize.很多学生获了奖b. More than one person has made the same mistake.不止一人犯了同样的错误。
2022届高考英语二轮专题总复习 讲解大全主谓一致
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2022届高考英语二轮专题总复习讲解大全主谓一致主谓一致是指句子的主语和谓语在人称和数上须保持一致。
道理虽然简单,但其牵涉到的要点繁多,出现的形式多样,并可以各种题型出现,故不可忽视。
精品例题1—Each of the tudent,woring hard at hi or her eon_______to go to univerit —So do Iou or the headmater_______the e考查方向:考查分数、百分数的表示法及此时的主谓一致,本题属四星级题。
考点指导:分数或百分数of 名词作主语时,谓语与of 后的名词在数上保持一致。
易错点:解该题时易误选A ,误把百分之十作为整体处理,而没有考虑到是百分之十多的工人。
此时所指为复数概念。
解题方法与技巧:与此情况类似的是表示部分和一定数量的名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词也应与介词of 后的名词保持数的一致。
这些词有::of ,plentylots,rest the lot, a half most,all some,举例如下名词分数百分数++⎪⎪⎪⎭⎪⎪⎪⎬⎫of the mone ha been wated2Ever ear,ot of damage i caued b fire 的数而定或应由名词作主语时谓语动词但由amount quantity of amounts of ,amount large of quantties of ,quantity large a +⎭⎬⎫ 例如:1Quantitie of food are wated ever da2Amount of mone were e to heber of heeong the tudentbeenhoe to bu uch a bie a________ b Johnridden ridden。
江苏省泗阳中学2022届高三英语 语法专题主谓一致
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江苏省泗阳中学2022届高三语法专题-主谓一致在英语句子里,谓语受主语支配,其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这就叫主谓一致。
寻其规律,大致可归纳为三个原则,即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。
一、就近一致原则1.由or,not onbut ao,neithernor,eitheror,whetheror,notbut等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时,通常根据就近一致原则,谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。
Neither hi e B come C i coming D are coming领悟语法一用所给词的适当形式填空1.—Severa de30 inmon with man other indutriaied countrie, eaor change over the at 100 ear7.Of the firt Saorit be reigiou men,whoe minitr wa to teach the Cathoic reigion to the native8.So far a erie of be brought about b thi deciion二单项填空1.The atmouch a after anotherA.i tired for B.are tired withC.i tired of D.are tired of3.—Did ou go to the how at night— bo and gir in the area invitedA.were B.have been C.ha been D.wa4.At the bu to tweve toade uae uie in a inge night,o the were ehauted A.i covered B.wa covered C.are covered D.ha covered9.an EngihChinee dictionarA.The tudent each have B.The tudent each haC.Each the tudent ha D.Each of the tudent have10. of the Ruian tudent,teacher and were ied unfortunateA.The number;the number B.The number;a numberC.A number;haf D.A number;three quarter参考答案:1.一 1 are having , i 5 are, i 6 ha eouch a 是指一个整体,谓语动词用单数;conitof无被动形式。
2022届新高考英语总复习-主谓一致(精编)
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Bob Mike Bill
Bob __i_s __ a worker.
Mike and Bob _a_r_e__ workers. Both Mike and Bob _a_r_e_ workers. Neither Mike nor Bob _i_s_a teacher. Neither of them _k_n_o_w_s_/_k_n_o_w_ (know) how to teach English. All of them __a_r_e__ workers.
11. many a, more than one, one and a half 与单数名词组成的短语, 谓语用单数。
Many a boy _h_a_s_ (have)seen it. 许多孩子都看到了。 12. 书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡 等的复数名词作主语时, 谓语动词常用 单数。 Thirty years __is__(be) not a long time.
Lots of damage___w_as(be)caused by fire.
About three-fourths of the earth’s surface
__is__(be)covered with water. Three-fifths of the workers here _a_re_(be)women.
The knife and fork _i_s__(be)on the table. 刀叉在桌子上。
2. 如果主语是不定式, 动词ing形式或主语从句
的时候,谓语动词一般用单数。
When he is coming _s_e_e_m_s_ (seem)very
important.
他
2022届全国新高考英语精品复习---主谓一致
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2022届全国新高考英语精品复习主谓一致主语和谓语一致的34种情况1)一般情况总的说来,英语句子中的谓语动词应在人称和数两方面同主语保持一致,即谓语动词随着主语的人称和数的不同而作相应的变化。
The film is very interesting.这部电影很有趣。
The students are watching TV.学生们在看电视。
She studies at Harvard University.她在哈佛大学学习。
The flowers have been watered. 花已经浇过水了。
2)单数名词由and连接两个或两个以上的单数名词由and连接起来并列作主语时,指不同的概念,谓语动词用复数。
Mr. Wang and our teacher are talking outside.王先生和我们的老师正在外面谈话。
Her father and mother are both doctors.她父母都是医生。
Work and rest are necessary.工作和休息都是需要的。
To boat and to ski are my favourite sports.划船和滑雪都是我喜爱的运动。
Virtue and courtesy go hand in hand.美德与礼貌携手同行。
Courage and resolution are the spirit and soul of virtue.英勇和坚定是美德之灵魂。
3) and和指同一人或物的词and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物,或指由两个部件配成的同一物品,或在概念上看作一个整体时,谓语动词用单数。
这时,常常只在第一个名词前用冠词。
George is a painter and decorator by trade.乔治是干油漆和装潢这行的。
The veteran British actor and producer was present at the ceremony.那位英国资深演员兼制片人出席了仪式。
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2022届高考英语二轮复习语法突破12【主谓一致】主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致,一般遵循三个原则,即: 语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
考点一、语法一致原则主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。
1.动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。
例:All the scientific evidence shows that increasing use of chemicals in farming is damaging our health.所有的科学证据都表明,在农业中使用越来越多的化学品正在危害着我们的健康。
What he said is far from the truth.他的话与事实相差太远了。
2.主语后接介词短语或其他插入语,如with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than, including, in addition to等,谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
例:The leader and artist as well as some of our English teachers was given a chance to go abroad last year.那位领导兼艺术家和我们的一些英语老师一样去年得到了一次出国的机会。
I think Tom, rather than you is to blame for the accident.我认为是汤姆而不是你该为这起事故负责任。
3.and, both...and...连接两个不同的主语,谓语动词用复数形式;但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一概念,兼具身份或匹配出现时,谓语动词用单数形式。
例:Her teacher and her friends are in the sitting-room.她的老师和朋友们都在客厅。
The poet and writer has produced many works.这位诗人兼作家写出了许多作品。
4.定语从句中关系代词作主语时,从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。
例:My friend showed me around the town, which was very kind of him. 我的朋友真是太好了,他带我参观了这个小镇。
5.“many a/more than one+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
each, every, no所修饰的名词作主语时,即使有and连接,谓语动词仍用单数。
例:Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process.很多父母都被迫经历了这一段痛苦的过程。
Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party held on Sunday. 每个男生和女生都希望参加周日的聚会。
考点二意义一致原则意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数,主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。
1.集体名词作主语时,若被看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员,谓语动词用复数形式。
常见的集体名词有family, class, team, group, public, committee, government, audience 等。
例:The whole class, which is made up of twenty boys and fifteen girls, were told to stay behind after school to have an important meeting yesterday.这个班由20个男生和15个女生组成,昨天全班学生被告知放学后留下开一个重要的会。
注意:形式为单数但意义为复数概念的集合名词(如people, police等)作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
2.“分数/百分数/the majority+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义;all, some, half, most, the rest 等作主语时,谓语动词单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。
例:About one third of the books are worth reading.这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。
Altogether more than 70 percent of the surface of the earth is covered by water.总共有超过70%的地球表面被水覆盖。
3.“the+形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
例:The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.病人已被治愈,失踪的人也都找到了。
4.a quantity of后既可接不可数名词,也可接可数名词复数;谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义。
quantities of后无论是可数名词还是不可数名词,谓语动词均用复数形式。
例:A quantity of time has been wasted on the project.=Quantities of time have been wasted on the project.大量的时间被浪费在了这个项目上。
5.“a number of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,“the number of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
例:The number of people invited was one hundred, but a number of them were absent for different reasons.收到邀请的总共有100人,但很多人因为各种原因缺席了。
6.表示时间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式。
例:Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy.对于一个男孩来说,3 000美元是一笔大数目。
考点三就近一致原则就近一致原则指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。
1.由or, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but (also)..., not...but...等连接的并列主语,谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。
例:Not only John and Tom but also their sister, Mary, takes great interest in the piano lessons.不仅是约翰和汤姆,就连他们的妹妹玛丽,也对钢琴课有极大的兴趣。
Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。
2.在there be句型中,若有n个并列成分作主语,谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
例:There are three books and a pen on the desk.桌子上有三本书和一支钢笔。
答题技巧点拨:正确判断主谓一致分析句子成分,找准句子主语,判断句子主语是单数还是复数。
再根据主谓一致的三个原则:语法一致原则、意义一致原则及就近一致原则判断谓语动词的单复数。
例:The famous musician, as well as his students, (invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo. [分析]was invited主语后还有as well as 连接的成分时,谓语动词应和主语保持人称和数的一致,故谓语动词应与The famous musician在数上保持一致,故用第三人称单数形式;且musician与invite之间为被动关系,再根据句中标志词at the opening ceremony...Expo可知,应使用一般过去时的被动语态,故填was invited。
高考英语二轮复习语法突破12【主谓一致】测试卷I.单句语法填空用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1. Each student ______(lea rn) a foreign language, mostly English,from Day One of their compulsory education.2. He has donated some money to those who live in poverty,which ______(be) of great help.3. At the foot of the mountain ______(lie) an old village which has a beautiful view.4. The publication of Great Expectations,which______(be) both widely reviewed and highly praised,strengthened Dickens' status as a leading novelist.5. She took the lift to the eleventh floor,and the secretary showed her where her desk and her computer ______(be).6. What they need most______(be) money while what we need most ______(be) textbooks.7. More than one doctor ______(be) involved in the rescue that took place after the earthquake.8. Professor James will give us a lecture on Western culture,and he as well as his assistants ______ (be) to arrive by air.9. A survey of the opinions of experts _____(show) that three hours of outdoor exercise a week ______(be) good for one's health. 10. There ______(be) a dog and three ducks in the yard,in the middle of which ______(be) two tall trees with great shade.11. The traditional Chinese marriage usually ______(involve)some necessary procedures such as match-making,engagement,meetingthe bride,and three bows.12. Neither In or Amy ______(be) to attend the business conference if we are busy.13. A red rose,rather than yellow roses,______(act) as the traditional romantic gift given to your love on Valentine's Day.14. Furthermore,the amount of sleep ______(change) greatly over the past 15 years.15. That way you can find articles just about anything that ______(be) related to the science fields you are interested in.16. Having traveled from China through Russia,Poland,Germany and France for 18 days,the train finally arrived in London. Inside the 68 containers ______(be)household goods,clothing,cloth,bags and suitcases.17. In general,preparing for new debate topics usually ______(include) brainstorming arguments,researching a resolution(解决) ,and doing debate practice.18. Now,just in front of the house______(stand) at all tree with a history of 100yeats.Ⅱ.单句改错1. One afternoon in February,my classmates and I was on the way to the cine-ma when the accident happened.2. There was many tasks I had to finish. Besides, I attended English and Math training classes because of my weaknesses in the two subjects.3. About one thousand graduates took exams for it,but only a few was chosen and I was one of them.4. It's said that not getting enough sleep lead to poor judgment,lack of creativity,and even depression.5. Then a foreigner and the boss was having a conversation,but the boss didn't know what the foreigner said.6. As the saying go,“United west and;divided we fall.”7. She is one of the students who has passed the exams.8. Last month,the family as well as their dog,was trapped on the roof by the flood.Ⅲ. 主谓一致语篇填空用括号内单词的正确形式填空。