2022届高考英语二轮复习语法突破12：【主谓一致】

2022届高考英语二轮复习语法突破12【主谓一致】

主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，即: 语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。

考点一、语法一致原则

主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。

1．动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。例：All the scientific evidence shows that increasing use of chemicals in farming is damaging our health.

所有的科学证据都表明，在农业中使用越来越多的化学品正在危害着我们的健康。

What he said is far from the truth.

他的话与事实相差太远了。

2．主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than, including, in addition to等，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。

例：The leader and artist as well as some of our English teachers was given a chance to go abroad last year.

那位领导兼艺术家和我们的一些英语老师一样去年得到了一次出国的机会。

I think Tom, rather than you is to blame for the accident.

我认为是汤姆而不是你该为这起事故负责任。

3．and, both...and...连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现时，谓语动词用单数形式。

例：Her teacher and her friends are in the sitting-room.

她的老师和朋友们都在客厅。

The poet and writer has produced many works.

这位诗人兼作家写出了许多作品。

4．定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。例：My friend showed me around the town, which was very kind of him. 我的朋友真是太好了，他带我参观了这个小镇。

5．“many a/more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。each, every, no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。例：Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process.

很多父母都被迫经历了这一段痛苦的过程。

Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party held on Sunday. 每个男生和女生都希望参加周日的聚会。

考点二意义一致原则

意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。

1．集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有

family, class, team, group, public, committee, government, audience 等。

例：The whole class, which is made up of twenty boys and fifteen girls, were told to stay behind after school to have an important meeting yesterday.

这个班由20个男生和15个女生组成，昨天全班学生被告知放学后留下开一个重要的会。

注意：形式为单数但意义为复数概念的集合名词(如people, police等)作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

2．“分数/百分数/the majority＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义；all, some, half, most, the rest 等作主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。

例：About one third of the books are worth reading.

这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。

Altogether more than 70 percent of the surface of the earth is covered by water.

总共有超过70%的地球表面被水覆盖。

3．“the＋形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。例：The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.

病人已被治愈，失踪的人也都找到了。

4．a quantity of后既可接不可数名词，也可接可数名词复数；谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义。quantities of后无论是可

数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词均用复数形式。

例：A quantity of time has been wasted on the project.＝Quantities of time have been wasted on the project.

大量的时间被浪费在了这个项目上。

5．“a number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，“the number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

例：The number of people invited was one hundred, but a number of them were absent for different reasons.

收到邀请的总共有100人，但很多人因为各种原因缺席了。

6．表示时间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。

例：Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy.

对于一个男孩来说，3 000美元是一笔大数目。

考点三就近一致原则

就近一致原则指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。1．由or, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but (also)．.., not...but...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。

例：Not only John and Tom but also their sister, Mary, takes great interest in the piano lessons.

不仅是约翰和汤姆，就连他们的妹妹玛丽，也对钢琴课有极大的兴趣。Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.