Nuclear Taiwan
America and China 美国与中国
America and China 美国与中国The Pentagon wonders whether China may threaten more than Taiwan五角大楼担心中国也许比台湾更具威胁HOW big a threat is China's military build-up? Most foreign-policy makers in the administration think it represents the most significant long-term challenge to America's global security. China itself, on the other hand, finds it unconscionable that any country should regard its secretive build-up as worrying—which is odd, given that military spending, by official calculations, has been increasing at double-digit rates for much of the past decade. Both sides may breathe a temporary sigh of relief this week that the Pentagon, in a long delayed and much debated report on China's military strength, suggests that China itself has not yet decided what to do with its own growing power.中国目前的军事力量到底具有多大威胁?这一话题目前被许多政府部门中制定对外政策的决策者认为是美国在全球安全问题中最重要的,并且也是一个长期的挑战.而另一方中国,指出这种说法是不合理的,因为任何一个国家都应该将本国的建设为头等大事,更为奇怪的是.据官方统计在过去的十年里各国在军队开销的费用成十几倍甚至几十倍的增长.现在,中美双方也许可以暂时松口气了.就在这周五,五角大楼终于公布了拖了很久并仍存在诸多争议的报告显示,中国自己也没有就目前日益增长的国力作出相应举措.China, says the report, is facing a strategic crossroads. It could choose “a pathway of peaceful integration and benign competition”. Or, it says politely, it could “emerge to exert dominant influence in an expanding sphere.” It could also become less confident and focus inwards on challenges to national unity and the Communist Party's legitimacy. “The future of a rising China is not yet set immutably on one course or another,” is the cautious conclusion.该报道称,中国正站在决策的十字路口.中国可以选择一条平稳整合\良性竞争的道路,也就是说中国可以逐渐将其影响力运用到更广的范围.同时,中国政府也可以放低姿态,将重心放在如何解决领土统一和国内立法等问题上.比较谨慎的说,正在崛起的中国不会将自己的未来放在某一点上.The Pentagon was due to issue the annual report earlier this year, but the State Department and other agencies reportedly worried that some of its language was too blunt. The administration faces difficult negotiations over North Korea's nuclear programme, in which China is playing a central role. Congress is in a protectionist lather about China's fixed exchange-rate regime and the country's bids to buy two of America's best-known companies, Unocal and Maytag (see article). A bill before the House of Representatives would allow countervailing duties to be slapped on Chinese goods. Preoccupied as America is with security issues elsewhere, a spat over China's perceived military ambitions was the last thing the administration wanted.今年,五角大楼提前发布了年报,但是据报道称国会和其他机构担心里面的措辞过于直白。
核专业英语词汇
d d reaction d d反应d d reactor d d反应器d t fuel cycle d t燃料循环d t reactor d t反应堆daily fuel consumption 燃料日消耗量dalitz pair 达立兹对damage 损伤damage criteria 危害判断准则damp 湿气damp proof 防潮的damped oscillations 阻尼震荡damped vibration 阻尼震荡damped wave 阻尼波damper 减震器damping 衰减的damping factor 衰减系数danger coefficient 危险系数danger dose 危险剂量danger range 危险距离danger signal 危险信号dark current 暗电流dark current pulse 暗电瘤冲data 数据data acquisition and processing system 数据获得和处理系统data base 数据库data communication 数据通信data processing 数据处理data reduction equipment 数据简化设备dating 测定年代daughter 蜕变产物daughter atom 子体原子daughter element 子体元素daughter nucleus 子体核daughter nuclide 子体核素davidite 铈铀钛铁矿dc 直流dc amplifier 直僚大器dc generator 直立电机dc motor 直羚动机dc voltage 直羚压de broglie equation 德布罗意方程de broglie frequency 德布罗意频率de broglie relation 德布罗意方程de broglie wave 德布罗意波de broglie wavelength 德布罗意波长de excitation 去激发de exemption 去免除deactivation 去活化dead ash 死灰尘dead band 不灵敏区dead space 死区dead time 失灵时间dead time correction 死时间校正deaerate 除气deaeration 除气deaerator 除气器空气分离器deaquation 脱水debris 碎片debris activity 碎片放射性debuncher 散束器debye radius 德拜半径debye scherrer method 德拜谢乐法debye temperature 德拜温度decade counter tube 十进计数管decade counting circuit 十进制计数电路decade counting tube 十进管decade scaler 十进位定标器decagram 十克decalescence 相变吸热decalescent point 金属突然吸热温度decan 去掉外壳decanning 去包壳decanning plant 去包壳装置decantation 倾析decanter 倾析器decanting vessel 倾析器decarburization 脱碳decascaler 十进制定标器decatron 十进计数管decay 衰减decay coefficient 衰变常数decay constant 衰变常数decay factor 衰变常数decay heat 衰变热decay heat removal system 衰变热去除系统decay kinematics 衰变运动学decay out 完全衰变decay period 冷却周期decay power 衰减功率decay rate 衰变速度decay series 放射系decay storage 衰变贮存decay table 衰变表decay time 衰变时间decelerate 减速deceleration 减速decigram 分克decimeter wave 分米波decladding 去包壳decladding plant 去包壳装置decommissioning 退役decompose 分解decomposition 化学分解decomposition temperature 分解温度decontaminability 可去污性decontamination 净化decontamination area 去污区decontamination factor 去污因子decontamination index 去污指数decontamination plant 去污装置decontamination reagent 去污试剂decontamination room 去污室decoupled band 分离带decoupling 去耦解开decrease 衰减decrement 减少率dee d形盒dee gap d形盒间空隙dee lines d形盒馈线deep dose equivalent index 深部剂量当量指标deep irradiation 深部辐照deep therapy 深部疗deep underwater nuclear counter 深水放射性计数器deep water isotopic current analyzer 深海水连位素分析器defecation 澄清defect 缺陷defect level 缺陷程度defective fuel canning 破损燃料封装defective fuel element 破损元件defectoscope 探伤仪defence 防护deficiency 不足define 定义definite 确定的definition 分辨deflagration 爆燃deflecting coil 偏转线圈deflecting electrode 偏转电极deflecting field 偏转场deflecting plate 偏转板deflecting system 偏转系统deflecting voltage 偏转电压deflection 负载弯曲deflection angle 偏转角deflection plate 偏转板deflection system 偏转系统deflector 偏转装置deflector coil 偏转线圈deflector field 致偏场deflector plate 偏转板deflocculation 解凝defoamer 去沫剂defoaming agent 去沫剂defocusing 散焦deform 变形deformation 变形deformation bands 变形带deformation energy 变形能deformation of irradiated graphite 辐照过石墨变形deformed nucleus 变形核deformed region 变形区域degas 除气degassing 脱气degeneracy 简并degenerate configuration 退化位形degenerate gas 简并气体degenerate level 简并能级degenerate state 简并态degeneration 简并degradation 软化degradation of energy 能量散逸degraded spectrum 软化谱degree of acidity 酸度degree of anisotropic reflectance 蛤异性反射率degree of burn up 燃耗度degree of cross linking 交联度degree of crystallinity 结晶度degree of degeneration 退化度degree of dispersion 分散度degree of dissociation 离解度degree of enrichment 浓缩度degree of freedom 自由度degree of hardness 硬度degree of ionization 电离度degree of moderation 慢化度degree of polymerization 聚合度degree of purity 纯度dehumidify 减湿dehydrating agent 脱水剂dehydration 脱水deionization 消电离deionization rate 消电离率deionization time 消电离时间dejacketing 去包壳delay 延迟delay circuit 延迟电路delay line 延迟线delay line storage 延迟线存储器delay system 延迟系统delay tank 滞留槽delay time 延迟时间delay unit 延迟单元delayed alpha particles 缓发粒子delayed automatic gain control 延迟自动增益控制delayed coincidence 延迟符合delayed coincidence circuit 延迟符合电路delayed coincidence counting 延迟符合计数delayed coincidence method 延迟符合法delayed coincidence unit 延迟符合单元delayed critical 缓发临界的delayed criticality 缓发临界delayed fallout 延迟沉降物delayed fission neutron 缓发中子delayed gamma 延迟性射线delayed neutron 缓发中子delayed neutron detector 缓发中子探测器delayed neutron emitter 缓发中子发射体delayed neutron failed element monitor 缓发中子破损燃料元件监测器delayed neutron fraction 缓发中子份额delayed neutron method 缓发中子法delayed neutron monitor 缓发中子监测器delayed neutron precursor 缓发中子发射体delayed reactivity 缓发反应性delayedneutron 缓发中子delineation of fall out contours 放射性沉降物轮廓图deliquescence 潮解deliquescent 潮解的delivery dosedose 引出端delta electron 电子delta metal 合金delta plutonium 钚delta ray 电子demagnetization 去磁demagnetize 去磁dematerialization 湮没demineralization 脱盐demineralization of water 水软化demonstration 示范demonstration reactor 示范反应堆dempster mass spectrograph 登普斯特质谱仪denaturalization 变性denaturant 变性剂denaturation 变性denaturation of nuclear fuel 核燃料变性denature 变性denaturize 变性denitration 脱硝dense 稠密的dense plasma focus 稠密等离子体聚焦densimeter 光密度计densimetry 密度测定densitometer 光密度计densitometry 密度计量学density analog method 密度模拟法density bottle 密度瓶density effect 密度效应density gradient instability 密度梯度不稳定性density of electrons 电子密度deoxidation 脱氧deoxidization 脱氧departure from nucleate boiling 偏离泡核沸腾departure from nucleate boiling ratio 偏离泡核沸腾比dependability 可靠性dependence 相依dependency 相依dephlegmation 分凝酌dephlegmator 分馏塔depilation 脱毛depilation dose 脱毛剂量deplete uranium tail storage 贫化铀尾料储存depleted fraction 贫化馏分depleted fuel 贫化燃料depleted material 贫化材料depleted uranium 贫化铀depleted uranium shielding 贫铀屏蔽depleted water 贫化水depleted zone 贫化区域depletion 贫化;消耗depletion layer 耗尽层depolarization 去极化depolymerization 解聚合deposit 沉淀deposit dose 地面沉降物剂量deposited activity 沉积的放射性deposition 沉积depression 减压depressurization accident 失压事故depressurizing system 降压系统depth dose 深部剂量depth gauge 测深计depth of focus 焦点深度depthometer 测深计derby 粗锭derivant 衍生物derivate 衍生物derivative 衍生物derived estimate 导出估价值derived unit 导出单位derived working limit 导出工撰限desalinization 脱盐desalting 脱盐descendant 后代desensitization 脱敏desensitizer 脱敏剂desiccation 干燥desiccator 干燥器防潮器design 设计design basis accident 设计依据事故design basis depressurization accident 设计依据卸压事故design basis earthquake 设计依据地震design dose rate 设计剂量率design of the safeguards approach 保障监督方法设计design power 设计功率design pressure 设计压力design safety limit 设计安全限design temperature rise 设计温度上升design transition temperature 设计转变温度desmotropism 稳变异构desmotropy 稳变异构desorption 解吸desquamation 脱皮destruction test 破坏性试验destructive distillation 干馏detailed decontamination 细部去污detect 探测;检波detectable 可检测的detectable activity 可探测的放射性detection 探测detection efficiency 探测效率detection limit 探测限detection of neutrons from spontaneous fission 自发裂变中子探测detection of radiation 辐射线的探测detection probability 探测概率detection time 探测时间detector 1/v 1/v探测器detector 探测器敏感元件detector efficiency 探测僻率detector foil 探测骗detector noise 探测齐声detector shield 探测屏蔽detector tube 检波管detector with internal gas source 内气源探测器detergent 洗涤剂determination 确定deterrence of diversion 转用制止detonating gas 爆鸣气detonation 爆炸detonation altitude 爆炸高度detonation point 爆炸点detonation yield 核爆炸威力detoxifying 净化detriment 损害detted line 点线deuteride 氘化物deuterium 重氢deuterium alpha reaction 氘反应deuterium critical assembly 重水临界装置deuterium leak detector 重水检漏器deuterium moderated pile low energy 低功率重水慢化反应堆deuterium oxide 重水deuterium oxide moderated reactor 重水慢化反应堆deuterium pile 重水反应堆deuterium sodium reactor 重水钠反应堆deuterium target 氘靶deuterium tritium fuel 氘氚燃料deuterium tritium reaction 氘氚反应deuteron alpha reaction 氘核反应deuteron binding energy 氘核结合能deuteron induced fission 氘核诱发裂变deuteron neutron reaction 氘核中子反应deuteron proton reaction 氘核质子反应deuteron stripping 氘核涎deuterum moderated pile 重水反应堆deuton 氘核development 发展development of uranium mine 铀矿开发deviation 偏差deviation from the desired value 期望值偏差deviation from the index value 给定值偏差dew point 露点dewatering 脱水dewindtite 水磷铅铀矿dextro rotatory 右旋的di neutron 双中子di proton 双质子diagnostic radiology 诊断放射学diagnostics 诊断diagram 线图dial 度盘dialkyl phosphoric acid process 磷酸二烷基酯萃取法dialysis 渗析diamagnet 抗磁体diamagnetic effect 抗磁效应diamagnetic loop 抗磁圈diamagnetic substance 抗磁体diamagnetic susceptibility 抗磁化率diamagnetism 反磁性diamagnetism of the plasma particles 等离子体粒子反磁性diameter 直径diamond 稳定区;金刚石diaphanous 透媚diaphragm 薄膜diaphragm gauge 膜式压力计diaphragm type pressure gauge 膜式压力计diapositive 透谬片diascope 投影放影器投影仪diathermance 透热性diathermancy 透热性diatomic gas 双原子气体diatomic molecule 二原子分子dibaryon 双重子diderichite 水菱铀矿dido 重水慢化反应堆dido type heavy water research reactor 迪多型重水研究用反应堆dielectric 电介质dielectric after effect 电介质后效dielectric breakdown 绝缘哗dielectric constant 介电常数dielectric hysteresis 电介质滞后dielectric polarization 电介质极化dielectric strain 电介质变形dielectric strength 绝缘强度diesel engine 柴油机diesel oil 柴油difference ionization chamber 差分电离室difference linear ratemeter 差分线性计数率计difference number 中子过剩difference of potential 电压difference scaler 差分定标器differential absorption coefficient 微分吸收系数differential absorption ratio 微分吸收系数differential albedo 微分反照率differential control rod worth 控制棒微分价值differential cross section 微分截面differential discriminator 单道脉冲幅度分析器differential dose albedo 微分剂量反照率differential energy flux density 微分能通量密度differential galvanometel 差绕电疗differential particle flux density 粒子微分通量密度differential pressure 压差differential range spectrum 射程微分谱differential reactivity 微分反应性differential recovery rate 微分恢复率differential scattering cross section 微分散射截面differentiator 微分器diffraction 衍射diffraction absorption 衍射吸收diffraction analysis 衍射分析diffraction angle 衍射角diffraction grating 衍射光栅diffraction instrument 衍射仪diffraction pattern 衍射图diffraction peak 衍射峰值diffraction scattering 衍射散射diffraction spectrometer 衍射谱仪diffraction spectrum 衍射光谱diffractometer 衍射仪diffusate 扩散物diffuse 扩散diffuse band 扩散带diffuse reflection 漫反射diffuse scattering 漫散射diffused 散射的diffused junction semiconductor detector 扩散结半导体探测器diffuseness parameter 扩散性参数diffuser 扩散器diffusion 扩散diffusion approximation 扩散近似diffusion area 扩散面积diffusion barrier 扩散膜diffusion cascade 扩散级联diffusion chamber 扩散云室diffusion coefficient 扩散系数diffusion coefficient for neutron flux density 中子通量密度扩散系数diffusion coefficient for neutron number density 中子数密度扩散系数diffusion column 扩散塔diffusion constant 扩散常数diffusion cooling 扩散冷却diffusion cooling effect 扩散冷却效应diffusion cross section 扩散截面diffusion current 扩散电流diffusion current density 扩散淋度diffusion energy 扩散能diffusion equation 扩散方程diffusion factory 扩散工厂diffusion kernel 扩散核diffusion layer 扩散层diffusion length 扩散长度diffusion mean free path 扩散平均自由程diffusion plant 扩散工厂diffusion pump 扩散泵diffusion rate 扩散速率diffusion stack 务马堆diffusion theory 扩散理论diffusion time 扩散时间diffusivity 扩散系数digital analog converter 数模转换器digital computer 数字计算机digital data acquisition and processing system 数字数据获取与处理系统digital data handling and display system 数字数据处理和显示系统digital recorder 数字记录器digital time converter 数字时间变换器dilation 扩胀dilatometer 膨胀计diluent 稀释剂dilute 冲淡dilute solution 稀溶液dilution 稀释dilution analysis 稀释分析dilution effect 稀释效应dilution method 稀释法dilution ratio 稀释比dimension 尺寸dimensional change 尺寸变化diminishing 衰减dimorphism 双晶现象dineutron 双中子dingot 直接铸锭dip counter tube 浸入式计数管dipelt 双重线dipole 偶极子dipole dipole interaction 偶极子与偶极子相互酌dipole layer 偶极子层dipole moment 偶极矩dipole momentum 偶极矩dipole radiation 偶极辐射dipole transition 偶极跃迁dirac electron 狄拉克电子dirac equation 狄拉克方程dirac quantization 狄拉克量子化dirac theory of electron 狄拉克电子论direct action of radiation 辐射直接酌direct and indirect energy conversion 直接和间接能量转换direct contact heat exchanger 直接接触式换热器direct conversion reactor 直接转换反应堆direct conversion reactor study 直接转换反应堆研究direct current 直流direct current amplifier 直僚大器direct current resistance 直羚阻direct cycle 直接循环direct cycle integral boiling reactor 直接循环一体化沸水堆direct cycle reactor 直接循环反应堆direct digital control 直接数字控制direct energy conversion 能量直接转换direct exchange interaction 直接交换相互酌direct exposure 直接辐照direct fission yield 原始裂变产额direct interaction 直接相互酌direct isotopic dilution analysis 直接同位素稀释分析direct measurement 直接测量direct radiant energy 直接辐射能direct radiation 直接辐射direct radiation proximity indicator 直接辐射接近指示器direct reaction 直接反应direct use material 直接利用物质direct voltage 直羚压direct x ray analysis 直接x射线分析direction 方向directional 定向的directional correlation of successive gamma rays 连续射线方向相关directional counter 定向计数器directional distribution 方向分布directional focusing 方向聚焦directly ionizing particles 直接电离粒子directly ionizing radiation 直接电离辐射dirft tube 飞行管道dirt column 尘土柱dirty bomb 脏炸弹disadvantage factor 不利因子disagreement 不一致disappearence 消失disc operating system 磁盘操椎统discharge 放电discharge chamber 放电室discharge current 放电电流discharge in vacuo 真空放电discharge potential 放电电压discharge tube 放电管discharge voltage 放电电压discomposition 原子位移discontinuity 非连续性discontinuous 不连续的discrepancy 差异discrete 离散的discrete energy level 不连续能级discrete spectrum 不连续光谱discrete state 不连续态discrimination coefficient 甄别系数discriminator 鉴别器disinfectant 杀菌剂disintegrate 蜕衰disintegration 蜕变disintegration chain 放射系disintegration constant 衰变常数disintegration curve 衰变曲线disintegration energy 衰变能disintegration heat 衰变热disintegration of elementary particles 基本粒子衰变disintegration particle 衰变粒子disintegration probability 衰变概率disintegration product 蜕变产物disintegration rate 衰变速度disintegration scheme 蜕变图disintegration series 蜕变系disintegrations per minute 衰变/分disintegrations per second 衰变/秒disk source 圆盘放射源dislocation 位错dislocation edge 位错边缘dislocation line 位错线dismantling 解体disorder 无序disorder scattering 无序散射dispersal 分散dispersal effect 分散效应disperser 分散剂dispersing agent 分散剂dispersion 分散dispersion fuel 弥散体燃料dispersion fuel element 弥散体燃料元件dispersive medium 色散媒质displace 位移;代替displacement 替换displacement current 位移电流displacement kernel 位移核displacement law 位移定律displacement law of radionuclide 放射性核素位移定律displacement spike 离位峰disposal of radioactive effluents 放射性瘤液处置disposition 配置disproportionation 不均disruption 破坏disruptive instability 破裂不稳定性disruptive voltage 哗电压dissipation 耗散dissipation of energy 能消散dissociation 离解dissociation constant 离解常数dissociation energy 离解能dissociation pressure 离解压dissociative ionization 离解电离dissolution 溶解dissolver 溶解器dissolver gas 溶解气体dissolver heel 溶解泣滓distance control 遥控distant collision 远距离碰撞distillate 蒸馏液distillation 蒸馏distillation column 蒸馏塔distillation method 蒸馏法distillation tower 蒸馏塔distilled water 蒸馏水distiller 蒸馏器distilling apparatus 蒸馏器distilling flask 蒸馏瓶distorted wave 畸变波distorted wave impulse approximation 畸变波冲动近似distorted wave theory 畸变波理论distortion 畸变distortionless 不失真的distributed ion pump 分布式离子泵distributed processing 分布式处理distributed source 分布源distribution 分布distribution coefficient 分配系数distribution factor 分布因子distribution function 分布函数distribution law 分配定律distribution of dose 剂量分布distribution of radionuclides 放射性核素分布distribution of residence time 停留时间分布distribution ratio 分配系数distrubited constant 分布常数disturbance 扰动disturbation 扰动diuranium pentoxide 五氧化二铀divergence 发散divergence of ion beam 离子束发散divergence problem 发散问题divergent lens 发射透镜divergent reaction 发散反应diversing lens 发射透镜diversion 转向diversion assumption 转用假定diversion box 转换箱diversion hypothesis 转用假设diversion path 转用路径diversion strategy 转用战略divertor 收集器divider 分配器division 刻度division of operating reactors 反应堆运行部djalmaite 钽钛铀矿document information system 文献情报体系doerner hoskins distribution law 德尔纳霍斯金斯分配定律dollar 元domain 磁畴dome 圆顶水柱domestic receipt 国内接收domestic shipment 国内装货dominant mutation 显性突变donator 施止┨鬻donor 施止┨鬻donut 环形室doping control of semiconductors 半导体掺杂物第doppler averaged cross section 多普勒平均截面doppler broadening 多普勒展宽doppler coefficient 多普勒系数doppler effect 多普勒效应doppler free laser spectroscopy 无多普勒激光光谱学doppler shift method 多普勒频移法doppler width 多普勒宽度dosage 剂量dosage measurement 剂量测定dosage meter 剂量计dose 剂量dose albedo 剂量反照率dose build up factor 剂量积累因子dose commitment 剂量负担dose effect curve 剂量效应曲线dose effect relationship 剂量效应关系dose equivalent 剂量当量dose equivalent commitment 剂量当量负担dose equivalent index 剂量当量指标dose equivalent limit 剂量当量极限dose equivalent rate 剂量当量率dose fractionation 剂量分割dose limit 剂量极限dose measurement 剂量测量dose meter 剂量计dose modifying factor 剂量改变系数dose of an isotope 同位素用量dose prediction technique 剂量预报技术dose protraction 剂量迁延dose rate 剂量率dose rate meter 剂量率测量计dose ratemeter 剂量率表dose reduction factor 剂量减低系数dose response correlation 剂量响应相关dose unit 剂量单位dosifilm 胶片剂量计dosimeter 剂量计dosimeter charger 剂量计充电器dosimetry 剂量测定法dosimetry applications research facility 剂量测定法应用研究设施dotted line 点线double 双double beam 双射束double beta decay 双衰变double bond 双键double charged 双电荷的double clad vessel 双层覆盖容器double compton scattering 双康普顿散射double container 双层容器double contingency principle 双偶然性原理double decomposition 复分解double differential cross section 二重微分截面double focusing 双聚焦double focusing mass spectrometer 双聚焦质谱仪double ionization chamber 双电离室double precision 双倍精度double probe 双探针double pulse 双脉冲double resonance 双共振double resonance spectroscopy 双共振光谱学double scattering method 双散射法double walled heat exchanger 双层壁换热器doublet 电子对doublet splitting 双重线分裂doubling dose 加倍剂量doubling time 燃料倍增时间doubling time meter 倍增时间测量计doubly charged 双电荷的doubly closed shell nuclei 双闭合壳层核doughnut 环形室down time 停机时间downcomer 下降管downwards coolant flow 下行冷却剂流downwind fall out 下风放射性沉降物draft 通风drain tank 排水槽draught 通风drell ratio 多列尔比dressing 选矿dressing of uranium ore 铀矿石选矿drier 干燥器drift instability 漂移不稳定性drift mobility 漂移率drift speed 漂移速度drift transistor 漂移晶体管drift velocity 漂移速度drive voltage 控制电压driven magnetic fusion reactor 从动磁核聚变反应堆driver fuel 驱动燃料drop 点滴drop reaction 点滴反应dry active waste 干放射性废物dry analysis 干法分析dry box 干箱dry criticality 干临界dry distillation 干馏dry friction 干摩擦dry ice 干冰dry out 烧干dry reprocessing 干法再处理dry way process 干法过程dry well 干井dryer 干燥器drying 干燥drying oil 干性油drying oven 烘干炉dual cycle boiling water reactor system 双循环沸水反应堆系统dual cycle reactor 双循环反应堆dual decay 双重放射性衰变dual energy use system 能量双重利用系统dual purpose nuclear power station 两用核电站dual purpose reactor 两用反应堆dual temperature exchange 双温度交换dual temperature exchange separation process 双温度交换分离法duality 二重性duant d形盒duct 管ductile brittle transition temperature 延性脆性转变温度ductility 延伸性dummy load 仿真负载dumontite 水磷铀铅矿dump 烧毁元件存放处dump condenser 事故凝汽器dump tank 接受槽dump valve 事故排放阀dunkometer 燃料元件包壳破损探测器duplet 电子对duration 持续时间duration of a scintillation 闪烁持续时间dust chamber 集尘室dust cloud 尘埃云dust collector 集尘器dust cooled reactor 粉尘冷却反应堆dust monitor 灰尘监测器dust sampler 灰尘取样器dust trap 集尘器dye laser 染料激光器dynamic behaviour 动态dynamic characteristic 动特性dynamic equilibrium 动态平衡dynamic equilibrium ratio 动态平衡比dynamic pressure 动压dynamic process inventory determination 动态过程投料量测定dynamic stabilization 动力稳定dynamic viscosity 动力粘滞系数dynamical friction 动摩擦dynamitron 地那米加速器并激式高频高压加速器dynamo 发电机dynamometer 测力计dyne 达因dynode 倍增电极dysprosium 镝dystectic mixture 高熔点混合物e layer e 层e. m. f 电动势early fallout 早期放射性落下灰earth 接地earth metals 土金属earthquake proof site 抗地震试验场ebulliometer 沸点计ebullition 沸腾ecdysis 脱皮ecology 生态学economizer 节约器ecosystem 生态系eddy 涡流eddy current 涡电流eddy diffusion 涡俩散edge break 边缘裂缝edge crack 边缘裂缝edge dislocation 刃型位错edwardsite 独居石efd 电铃动力学effective 有效的effective absorption coefficient 有效吸收系数effective atomic charge 有效原子电荷effective atomic number 有效原子序数effective bohr magneton 有效玻尔磁子effective cadmium cut off 有效镉截止值effective capture cross section 有效俘获截面effective charge 有效电荷effective collision cross section 有效碰撞截面effective cross section 有效截面effective cross section for resonance 有效共振截面effective decontamination factor 有效去污因子effective delayed neutron fraction 有效缓发中子份额effective dose 有效剂量effective energy 有效能量effective full power days 有效满功率天数effective full power hours 有效满功率小时数effective half life 有效半衰期effective interaction 有效互酌effective ionic charge 有效离子电荷effective kilogram 有效公斤effective life 有效寿命effective macroscopic cross section 有效宏观截面effective mass 有效质量effective mass absorption coefficient 有效质量吸收系数effective mean pressure 平均有效压力effective multiplication constant 有效增殖系数effective multiplication factor 有效倍增系数effective nuclear charge 有效核电荷effective particle velocity 有效粒子速度effective power 有效功率effective radiation power 有效辐射功率effective radium content 有效镭含量effective radius of a control rod 控制棒有效半径effective range 有效范围effective relaxation length 有效张弛长度effective removal cross section 有效移出截面effective resonance integral 有效共振积分effective simple process factor 单级过程有效系数effective source area 有效源面积effective stack height 有效烟囱高度effective standard deviation 有效标准偏差effective target area 有效靶面积effective thermal cross section 有效热中子截面effective value 有效值effective voltage 有效电压effective wavelength 有效波长effectiveness 有效efficiency 效率efficiency of counter 计数颇效率effluent 瘤液effluent activity meter 瘤液放射性测量计efflux 瘤液effusion 喷出ehrenfest's adiabatic law 厄任费斯脱绝热定律eigenvalue 固有值eight electron shell l 层einstein de broglie formula 爱因斯坦德布罗意公式einstein transition probability 爱因斯坦跃迁几率einstein's equation 爱因斯坦光电方程einstein's mass energy formula 爱因斯坦质能公式einsteinium 锿ejected beam 出射束ejection 喷射ejector 喷射器ejector vacuum pump 喷射真空泵eka actinium 类锕eka cesium 钫eka iodine 砹eka neodymium 钷eka polonium 类钋eka radium 类镭eka radon 类氡elastic 弹性的elastic after effect 弹性后效elastic coefficient 弹性模量elastic collision 弹性碰撞elastic fatigue 弹性疲劳elastic hysteresis 弹性后效elastic limit 弹性极限elastic modulus 弹性模量elastic range 弹性范围elastic recoil analysis 弹性反冲分析elastic scattering 弹性散射elastic scattering cross section 弹性散射截面elastic strain 弹性应变elastic thermal stress 弹性热应力elasticity 弹性elastomer 弹性体electric arc furnace 电弧炉electric charge 电荷electric circuit 电路electric conductance 电导率electric conductivity 电导率electric conductor 导电体electric current 电流electric dipole 电偶极子electric dipole moment 电偶极矩electric dipole radiation 电偶极辐射electric discharge 放电electric double layer 双电层electric field 电场electric field gradient 电场梯度electric field intensity 电场强度electric field strength 电场强度electric force 电力electric furnace 电炉electric heater 电热器electric hydraulic control system 电动液压控制系统electric line of force 电力线electric motor 电动机electric multipole radiation 电多极辐射electric oscillation 电振荡electric potential 电势electric power 电力electric power generating machinery 发电机electric power generation 发电electric power plant 发电站electric power reactor 发电动力堆electric power station 发电站electric power supply 电源electric precipitation 电集尘electric precipitator 静电滤尘器electric quadrupole moment 电四极矩electric resistance 电阻electric screening 电屏蔽electric shielding 电屏蔽electric station 发电厂electric susceptibility 电极化率electric vector 电场矢量electric wave 电波electric wire 电线electrical conductivity in a plasma 等离子体导电率electrical double layer 偶极子层electrical output 电输出electrical prospecting 电法勘探electricity 电electrification 带电electroanalysis 电分析electrochemical energy storage 电化学能量储存electrochemical equivalent 电化当量electrochemical power source 电化学动力源electrochemistry 电化学electroconductibility 电导率electrode 电极electrode potential 电极electrodeposition 电解沉淀electrodialysis 电渗析electrodisintegration 电致衰变electroendosmosis 电渗electrofluid dynamics 电铃动力学electrokinetic effects 电动效应electroluminescence 电致发光electrolysis 电解electrolysis method 电解法electrolyte 电解质electrolytic bath 电解槽electrolytic cell 电解槽electrolytic condenser 电解质电容器electrolytic conduction 电解导电electrolytic dissociation 电解离解electrolytic method 电解法electrolytic plating 电镀electrolytic polarization 电解极化electrolytic polishing 电解抛光electrolytic potential 电极electrolytic separation 电解分离electrolytic solution 电解溶液electrolyze 电解electrolyzer 电解槽electrom flow 电子流electromagnet 电磁铁electromagnetic cascade shower 电磁级联簇射electromagnetic field 电磁场electromagnetic flowmeter 电磁量计electromagnetic force 电磁力electromagnetic induction 电磁感应electromagnetic interaction 电磁相互酌electromagnetic isotope separation unit 电磁同位素分离设备electromagnetic isotope separator 电磁同位素分离器electromagnetic lens 电磁透镜electromagnetic mass 电磁质量electromagnetic mass separator 电磁式质量分离器electromagnetic method of isotope separation 电磁同位素分离法electromagnetic oscillograph 电磁式示波器electromagnetic position measuring assembly 电磁位置测量装置electromagnetic pulse 电磁脉冲electromagnetic pulse hardening 电磁脉冲防护能力electromagnetic pump 电磁泵electromagnetic radiation 电磁辐射electromagnetic safety mechanism 电磁安全机构electromagnetic scattering 电磁散射electromagnetic separation 电磁分离electromagnetic separation of isotopes 电磁同位素分离electromagnetic separation process 电磁分离法electromagnetic separator 电磁分离器electromagnetic uranium isotope enrichment method 电磁铀同位素浓缩法electromagnetic wave 电磁波electrometer 静电计electrometer dosimeter 静电计式剂量计electrometer tube 静电计管electromotive force 电动势electromotor 电动机electron 电子electron absorption coefficient 电子吸收系数electron accelerator 电子加速器electron affinity 电子亲和势electron asymmetry 电子不对称electron atomic mass 电子原子质量electron avalanche 电子雪崩electron beam 电子束electron beam controlled discharge 电子束控制放电electron beam density 电子束密度electron beam machining 电子束加工electron beam welding 电子束焊接electron capture 电子俘获electron catcher 电子捕集器electron charge mass ratio 电子荷质比electron cloud 电子云electron collection 电子收集electron collection time 电子收集时间。
世界性机构英文全称与简称
CIRES
Cooperative Institute for Research inEnvironmental Sciences
环境科学研究协会委员会
CLEE
Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering
生命线地震工程委员会
CM
Committee on Meteorites
农作物保护研究所（美）
CRC
Central Relief Committee
中央救济委员会（印）
CRCM
Commission on Recent Crustal Movements
现代地壳运动委员会
CRCS
Canadian Red Cross Society
加拿大红十字会
CRDA
Christian Relief and Development Association
海洋气象研究咨询委员会（世界气象组织）
ACRS
Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards
反应堆防护措施咨询委员会
ACSAD
Arab Centre for the Studies of Arid Zones and Dry Lands
阿拉伯干旱地区研究中心
ADB
Asian Development Bank
AMS
American Meteorological Society
美国气象学会
APCA
Air Pollution Control Administration
空气污染管理局
APCA
Air Pollution Control Association
台湾英语词汇
Cross-straits relation 台海关系defensive referendum 台湾防卫性公投Taiwan independence 台独the 1992 consensus “九二共识”cross-straits relation 台海关系status quo 现状China’s peaceful reunification.中国和平统一大业peaceful reunification 和平统一one country-two systems 一国两制harm to bilateral ties 损害双边关系provoke the mainland 挑衅中国大陆a contravention of Taiwanese people's fundamental interests 危害台湾人民的根本利益trigger tension in cross-Straits relations 引发台海紧张局势undermine peace and stability 破坏和平与稳定the separatist nature 分裂者的本质an eight-point statement on the peaceful settlement of the Taiwan question关于和平解决台湾问题的8点声明set up a demilitarized zone 建立非军事化区域"peace and stability framework'' 国务院台湾事务办公室"unilaterally change the cross-Straits status quo"单方面改变台海现状the Taiwan Affair Office of the State Council国务院台湾事务办公室“一个中国”政策“One China”policy 《中美三个联合公报》the Three Sino-U.S. Joint Communiqués《与台湾关系法》the Taiwan Relations Act臭名昭著的分裂主义者infamous separatist李登辉Lee Teng-hui陈水扁Chen Shui-bian幕后操纵wire-puller台独分子Taiwan's pro-independence“台独”势力pro-independence forces in Taiwan中美关系的基础the premise for Sino-US relations.麦卡锡政策the McCarthy style of the provocative stance全方位的停滞 a full-blown deadlock言行一致make their deeds square with their words不应该插手台湾问题keep its hands off Taiwan泛蓝阵营the pan-blue campthe pan-blue camp (an alliance between the opposition Kuomintang, People First Party and New Party)Kuomintang Party 国民党(主席连战)People First Party 亲民党(主席宋楚瑜)泛绿阵营the pan-green campthe pan-green camp (a pro-independence alliance between the ruling DPP and hardline Taiwan Solidarity Union)Democratic Progressive Party 民进党(主席陈水扁)Taiwan Solidarity Union 台湾团结联盟(主席苏进强)常用句子：承诺要坚持“一个中国”的原则maintain the adherence to the one-China policypeace overtures as deceptive talks to fool the Taiwanese public and international opinion发表欺骗性和平论调，愚弄台湾民众和国际舆论。
核工程专业英语词汇(整理版)
核工程专业英语词汇(整理版)本文档旨在整理核工程专业常用的英语词汇，以帮助读者更好地理解和运用相关领域的英语术语。
1. Nuclear engineering - 核工程2. Nuclear power plant - 核电站3. Reactor - 反应堆4. Nuclear n - 核裂变5. Nuclear n - 核聚变6. active - 放射性的7. e - 同位素8. Criticality - 临界性9. n - 辐射10. n - 污染11. active waste - 放射性废物12. Shielding - 屏蔽13. n dose - 辐射剂量14. Nuclear safety - 核安全15. Emergency preparedness - 应急准备17. Nuclear fuel - 核燃料18. Nuclear ___ - 核燃料循环19. ___ - 核废物处理20. Nuclear n - 核能监管21. ___ - 核扩散22. Nuclear accident - 核事故23. Nuclear security - 核安全24. Nuclear medicine - 核医学25. logy - 放射科学26. Nuclear physics - 核物理学27. ___ - 核能28. Neutron - 中子29. Gamma ray - 伽玛射线30. Alpha particle - 阿尔法粒子以上为部分核工程专业英语词汇，希望能对您有所帮助。
如需进一步了解相关术语和概念，请参考专业教材或相关文献。
一段隐秘的历史：美国在台湾的核部署(1957-1960)
中共党史研究２０１７年第１１期!"#$%&'()*+,-%./01１９５７2１９６０3梁 志 〔摘要〕２０世纪４０年代末到５０年代中期，核军事技术革新、美国国家安全战略调整与台湾海峡局势变化三者间呈现复杂的互动关系。
正是在上述背景下，为威慑中国乃至对其进行核打击，提高台湾的“防务能力”，艾森豪威尔政府于１９５７年到１９６０年间陆续在台湾部署了配备有核弹头的“斗牛士”导弹和原子弹。
美国在台湾的核部署推动台海地区紧张局势进一步升级，并在某种程度上促成了第二次台海危机的爆发。
更令美国意想不到的是，台湾非但没有因为核武器的到来而感觉更加“安全”，反而要求美方为自己提供核武器甚至一度秘密走向核开发。
导致此种意外结局的原因，与其说是美国“大规模报复战略”的固有缺陷，毋宁说是核武器的特性使华盛顿陷入了进退两难的安全困境。
〔关键词〕战术核武器；核部署；“大规模报复战略”；艾森豪威尔政府；台湾〔中图分类号〕Ｄ８２９．７１２ 〔文献标志码〕Ａ 〔文章编号〕１００３－３８１５（２０１７）－１１－００９６－１４ＡＳｅｃｒｅｔＨｉｓｔｏｒｙ：ＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎＮｕｃｌｅａｒＤｅｐｌｏｙｍｅｎｔｉｎＴａｉｗａｎ（１９５７—１９６０）ＬｉａｎｇＺｈｉＡｂｓｔｒａｃｔ：Ｄｕｒｉｎｇｔｈｅｐｅｒｉｏｄｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｌａｔｅ１９４０ｓｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｔｈｅｍｉｄ １９５０ｓｔｈｅｒｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎａｒｙｃｈａｎｇｅｓｉｎｍｉｌｉｔａｒｙｎｕｃｌｅ ａｒｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ，ｔｈｅａｄｊｕｓｔｍｅｎｔｓｉｎｔｈｅＵ．Ｓ．ｎｕｃｌｅａｒｓｅｃｕｒｉｔｙｓｔｒａｔｅｇｙ，ａｎｄｔｈｅｃｈａｎｇｉｎｇｓｉｔｕａｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｈｅＴａｉｗａｎＳｔｒａｉｔｉｎｔｅｒａｃｔｅｄｗｉｔｈｏｎｅａｎｏｔｈｅｒｉｎａｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｗａｙ．Ａｇａｉｎｓｔｔｈｉｓｂａｃｋｄｒｏｐ，ｔｏｄｅｔｅｒａｎｄｅｖｅｎｔｏｃａｒｒｙｏｕｔｎｕｃｌｅａｒｓｔｒｉｋｅｓａｇａｉｎｓｔＣｈｉｎａａｎｄｔｏｅｎｈａｎｃｅＴａｉｗａｎ’ｓ“ｄｅｆｅｎｓｅｃａｐａｂｉｌｉｔｉｅｓ，”ｆｒｏｍ１９５７ｔｏ１９６０ｔｈｅＥｉｓｅｎｈｏｗｅｒａｄｍｉｎｉｓｔｒａｔｉｏｎｄｅｐｌｏｙｅｄ“Ｍａｔａｄｏｒｍｉｓｓｉｌｅｓ”ｗｉｔｈｎｕｃｌｅａｒｗａｒｈｅａｄｓａｓｗｅｌｌａｓａｔｏｍｉｃｂｏｍｂｓｉｎＴａｉｗａｎ．ＴｈｅＵ．Ｓ．ｄｅｐｌｏｙｍｅｎｔｏｆｎｕｃｌｅａｒａｒｍｓｉｎＴａｉｗａｎｆｕｒｔｈｅｒｅｓｃａｌａｔｅｄｔｈｅａｌｒｅａｄｙｔｅｎｓｅｓｉｔｕａｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｈｅｒｅｇｉｏｎａｎｄ，ｔｏａｃｅｒｔａｉｎｅｘｔｅｎｔ，ｓｅｒｖｅｄａｓｃａｔａｌｙｓｔｆｏｒｔｈｅｓｅｃｏｎｄＴａｉｗａｎＳｔｒａｉｔｃｒｉｓｉｓｉｎ１９５８．Ｆｕｒｔｈｅｒｍｏｒｅ，ｗｈａｔＷａｓｈｉｎｇｔｏｎｄｉｄｎｏｔｅｘｐｅｃｔｗａｓｔｈａｔｉｎ ｓｔｅａｄｆｅｅｌｉｎｇｍｏｒｅｓｅｃｕｒｅｂｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｔｈｅａｒｒｉｖａｌｏｆＵ．Ｓ．ｎｕｃｌｅａｒｗｅａｐｏｎｓ，ＴａｉｗａｎｉｎｓｔｅａｄｄｅｍａｎｄｅｄｔｈａｔｔｈｅＵｎｉｔｅｄＳｔａｔｅｓｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｉｔｗｉｔｈａｔｏｍｉｃｂｏｍｂｓａｎｄｆｏｒａｔｉｍｅｉｔｅｖｅｎｃａｒｒｉｅｄｏｕｔａｃｌａｎｄｅｓｔｉｎｅｎｕｃｌｅａｒｐｒｏｇｒａｍ．ＴｈｅｒｅａｓｏｎｆｏｒｔｈｉｓｕｎｅｘｐｅｃｔｅｄｏｕｔｃｏｍｅｗａｓｎｏｔａｎｉｎｈｅｒｅｎｔｄｅｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙｉｎｔｈｅＵ．Ｓ．“ＳｔｒａｔｅｇｙｏｆＭａｓｓｉｖｅＲｅｔａｌｉａｔｉｏｎ”ｂｕｔｒａｔｈｅｒｉｔｗａｓｄｕｅｔｏｔｈｅｆａｃｔｔｈａｔｔｈｅｎａｔｕｒｅｏｆｎｕｃｌｅａｒｗｅａｐｏｎｓｔｒａｐｐｅｄＷａｓｈｉｎｇｔｏｎｉｎａｓｅｃｕｒｉｔｙｄｉｌｅｍｍａ． 冷战时期美台关系中的核问题大体包括以下三个方面，即台湾海峡危机期间美国对中国大陆的核威慑、美国阻止台湾发展核武器、美国在台湾的核部署。
军事英语词汇
军事英文军：Army；师：division；旅：brigade；团：regiment/corps；营：battalion；连：company；排：platoon；班：squad。
陆军Army一级上将General First上将General中将Lieutenant General少将Major General大校Senior Colonel上校Colonel中校Lieutenant Colonel少校Major上尉Captain中尉First Lieutenant少尉Second Lieutenant军事长Master Sergeant专业军士Specialist Sergeant上士Sergeant, First Class中士Sergeant下士Corporal上等兵Private, First Class列兵Private海军Navy一级上将Admiral, First Class上将Admiral中将Vice Admiral少将Rear Admiral大校Senior Captain上校Captain中校Commander少校Lieutenant Commander上尉Lieutenant中尉Lieutenant, Junior Grade少尉Ensign军事长Chief Petty Officer专业军士Specialist Petty Officer 上士Petty Officer, First Class中士Petty Officer, Second Class 下士Petty Officer, Third Class上等兵Seaman, First Class列兵Seaman, Second Class空军Air Force一级上将General, First Class上将General中将Lieutenant General少将Major General大校Senior Colonel上校Colonel中校Lieutenant Colonel少校Major上尉Captain中尉First Lieutenant少尉Second Lieutenant军事长Master Sergeant专业军士Specialist Sergeant上士Technical Sergeant中士Staff Sergeant下士Corporal上等兵Airman, First Class列兵Airman, Second Class军棋military chess工兵sapper排长platoon commander(中尉lieutenant)连长company commander ( 上尉captain )营长battalion commander (少校major)团长colonel（上校）旅长brigadier （准将）师长division commander军长army commander司令chief commander军旗army flag/ensign地雷landmine炸弹bomb行营field headquarter大本营supreme headquarter和平使命－2009: Peace Mission 2009联合军事演习: joint military drill, joint military exercise, joint military manoeuvre海军海上封锁: naval blockade，maritime blockade隔离作战演练: isolation drill两栖登陆: amphibious landing装备: hardware战舰: military vessel驱逐舰: destroyer护卫舰: frigate登陆艇: landing ship, landing craft潜艇: submarine猎潜艇: submarine hunter反潜舰: anti-submarine vessel海军舰队: naval fleet"沙波什尼科夫海军元帅"号大型反潜舰: submarine-hunting ship Marshall Shaposhnikov武装直升机: armed helicopter战斗机: battle plane轰炸机: bomber, cargo jets运输机: freighter远程预警机: long-range early warning aircraft反潜鱼雷: anti-sub torpedo深水炸弹: depth charge海陆空军: amphibious force水陆坦克: amphibious tank海军陆战队: marine corp炮兵: artillery空降部队: paratroop, airborne troop地面进攻: ground attack特种部队: special taskforce实弹: live ammunition滩头阵地: beachhead潜望镜periscope鱼雷torpedoes电动机鱼雷electric torpedo航空鱼雷aerial torpedo火箭助飞鱼雷rocket-assisted torpedo线导鱼雷wire-guided torpedo发射机transmitter自导控制组件self-directing unit装药和电子组件charge and electron unit待发装置actuator指令控制组件command control unit陀螺控制组件gyro-control unit电源控制组件power-supply control unit燃烧室combustor舵rudder推进器propeller潜艇submarine鱼雷舱torpedo room鱼雷发射管firing tube声纳sonar操纵线control wire 水雷submarine mine自航式水雷mobile mine锚雷mooring mine触发锚雷moored contact mine触角antenna雷索mine-mooring cable沉底水雷ground mine漂雷floating mine深水炸弹depth charge; depth bomb航空母舰aircraft carrier核动力航空母舰nuclear-powered aircraft 阻拦装置arrester飞行甲板flight deck雷达天线radar antenna导航室island舰桥bridge机库hangar升降机口aircraft lifts; elevators舰载机起飞弹射装置catapults油料舱fuel bunker弹药舱ammunition store贮存舱storage hold通信中心室communication center核反应堆nuclear reactor生活舱accommodation巡洋舰cruiser护卫舰escort vessel; frigate导弹护卫舰missile frigate战列舰battleship护卫艇corvette供应舰tender ship; depot ship舰队补给舰fleet depot ship海上补给船sea depot ship运输舰transport ship汽油运输船gasoline transport ship扫雷舰mine sweeping vessel扫雷艇minesweeper鱼雷艇torpedo boat导弹快艇missile speedboat导弹潜艇guided-missile submarine核动力潜艇nuclear-powered submarine 潜艇救护舰submarine lifeguard ship猎潜艇submarine chaser登陆舰landing ship坞式登陆舰dock landing ship电子侦察船electronic reconnaissance ship 情报收集船information-collecting ship测量船survey vessel调查船research ship打捞回收船salvage vessel核动力破冰船nuclear-powered icebreaker 气垫巡逻船patrol hovercraft导弹军导弹missiles洲际导弹intercontinental missile中程导弹mediurn-range missile巡航导弹cruise missile核弹头nuclearwerhead地对地导弹surface to-surface missile地对空导弹surface-to-air missile战略导弹: strategic missile舰对空导弹ship-to-air missile空对空导弹air-to-air missile空对地导弹air-to-surface missile反幅射导弹anti-radiation missile反舰导弹anti-ship missile反潜导弹anti-submarine missile自导鱼雷homing torpado弹翼missile wing减速伞drag parachute制导装置guidance device弹体guided missile doby固体火箭发动机solid propellant rocket尾翼tail fin飞行弹道trajectory发射制导装置launching guidance device 发射管launching tube反弹道导弹anti-ballistic missile集束炸弹bomb-cluster地下井missile silo移动式井盖sliding silo door火箭发射场rocket launching site发射塔launching tower勤务塔service tower陆军核武器nuclear weapons燃料库fuel depot; fuel reservoir指挥室command post通气道air vent; ventilation shaft多级火箭multistage rocket再入大气层飞行器re-entry vehicle原子弹atomic bomb氢弹hydrogen bomb引爆装置igniter 热核燃料fusionable material蘑菇状烟云mushroom cloud冲击波shock wave; blast wave放射性落下灰尘radioactive fallout核爆炸观测仪nuclear explosion observation device 辐射仪radiation gauge辐射级仪radiation level indicator钢珠弹bomb with steel balls; container bomb unit 化学炸弹chemical bomb主战坦克capital tank重型坦克heavy tank中型坦克medium tank轻型坦克light tank水陆两用坦克amphibious tank喷火坦克flame-throwing tank架桥坦克bridge tank扫雷坦克mine-sweeping tank坦克推土机tankdozer侦察坦克reconnaissance tank无炮塔坦克turretless tank坦克牵引车recovery tank坦克修理后送车repair-service tank反坦克障碍物anti-tank obstacle桩寨pile stockade鹿寨abatis反坦克断崖anti-tank ditch反坦克崖壁anti-tank precipice反坦克三角锥anti-tank pyramids炮手gunner坦克兵tank soldier炮口muzzle炮管barrel清烟器fume extractor炮塔turret瞄准镜gun sight发动机散热窗radiator grille备用油箱reserve fuel tank主动轮driving wheel遮护板shield负重轮loading wheel烟幕弹发射筒smoke bomb discharger诱导轮inducer空军low Earth orbit 近地轨道lunar module 登月舱lunar rover 月球车main landing field/ primary landing site 主着陆场manned space 载人航天计划manned space flight 载人航天manned spaceship/ spacecraft 载人飞船Milky Way 银河系multi-manned and multi-day spaceflight 多人多天太空飞行multistage rocket 多级火箭NASA(The National Aeronautics and Space Administration) 美国航空航天管理局nozzle of the main engine 主发动机喷嘴orbit 轨道orbit the earth 绕地球飞行orbital module 轨道舱emergency oxygen apparatus 应急供氧装置Experimental Spacecraft 试验太空船fine-tune orbit 调整轨道geosynchronous satellite 地球同步人造卫星hatch 舱口Hubble Space Telescope 哈勃太空望远镜International Space Station 国际空间站ladder 扶梯landing area 着陆区landing pad 着陆架launch a satellite 发射卫星launch pad 发射台life support system 生命维持系统LM-maneuvering rockets 登月舱机动火箭Long March II F carrier rocket 长征二号F运载火箭access flap 接口盖antenna 天线Apollo 阿波罗号宇宙飞船ascent stage 上升段astronaut 航天员capsule 太空舱carrier rocket 运载火箭rocket launcher 火箭发射装置；火箭发射器CAST(the Chinese Academy of Space Technology) 中国空间技术研究院CNSA（China National Space Administration）中国航天局command module 指令舱，指挥舱communication satellite 通信卫星descent stage 下降段directional antenna 定向天线outer space; deep space 外太空payload capability 有效载荷能力propelling module 推进舱recoverable satellite 返回式卫星re-entry module 返回舱remote sensing satellite 遥感卫星satellite in Sun-synchronous orbit 太阳同步轨道卫星second stage 第二级service module 服务舱Shenzhou VI spacecraft 神舟六号solar cell 太阳电池solar panel 太阳能电池板space elevator 太空升降舱space food 太空食物space outfits（space suits, gloves, boots, helmet etc.）太空服space physics exploration 空间物理探测space shuttle 航天飞机spacecraft 航天器Telstar 通讯卫星third stage 第三级unmanned spaceship / spacecraft 无人飞船weather satellite 气象卫星launch a satellite 发射卫星artificial satellite 人造卫星airliner 班机monoplane 单翼飞机glider 滑翔机trainer aircraft 教练机passenger plane 客机propeller-driven aircraft 螺旋桨飞机jet (aircraft) 喷射飞机amphibian 水陆两用飞机seaplane, hydroplane 水上飞机turbofan jet 涡轮风扇飞机turboprop 涡轮螺旋桨飞机turbojet 涡轮喷射飞机transport plane 运输机helicopter 直升机supersonic 超音速hypersonic 高超音速transonic 跨音速subsonic 亚音速Airbus 空中客车Boeing 波音Concord 协和Ilyusin 依柳辛McDonald-Douglas 麦道Trident 三叉戟Tupolev 图波列夫军事卫星military satellite侦察卫星reconnaissance satellite预警卫星early warning satellite电子侦察卫星electronic reconnaissance satellite导航卫星navigation satellite测地卫星geodesic satellite军用通讯卫星military communications satellite军用气象卫星military meteorological satellite卫星通信车satellite communications vehicle宇宙空间站space station警戒雷达warning radar引导雷达director radar制导雷达guidance radar目标指示雷达target radar测高雷达height finding radar三坐标雷达three-dimensional radar弹道导弹预警相控阵雷达ballistic missile early-warning phased-array radar导航雷达navigation radar机载截击雷达airborne intercept radar炮瞄雷达gun-pointing radar对空警戒雷达aircraft-warning radar航海雷达marine radar对海管戒雷达naval warning radar侦察雷达reconnaissance radar卫星通信天线satellite communication antena驱逐舰destroyer歼击机fighter plane; fighter空速管airspeed head; pilot tube陀螺gyroscope无线电罗盘radio compass平视显示机head-up display火箭弹射座椅ejector seat副翼aileron襟翼flap燃油箱fuel tank垂直尾翼tail fin; vertical stabilizer阻力伞舱drag parachute housing水平尾翼horizontal stabilizer液压油箱hydraulic oil container副油箱auxiliary fuel tank主起落架main landing gear机翼整体油箱integral wing tank机炮machine gun; cnnon进气道系统air-inlet system前起落架front landing gear空气数据计算机air-data computer迎角传感器angle of attack sensor进气口头锥air-inlet nose cone 战斗机combat aircraft截击机interceptor强击机attacker歼击轰炸机fighter-bomber轻型轰炸机light bomber战略轰炸机strategic bomber电子战机electronic fighter高速侦察机high-speed reconnaissance plane空中加油机tanker aircraft运输机transport plane; air-freighter水上飞机seaplane; hydroplane反潜巡逻机anti-submarine patrol aircraft教练机trainer aircraft; trainer垂直起落飞机vertical take-off and landing无尾飞机tailless aircraft隐形轰炸机stealth bomber可变翼机adjustable wing plane动力滑翔机power glider扫雷直升机mine-sweeping helicopter旋翼rotor机身fuselage抗扭螺旋桨anti-torque tail rotor航空炸弹aerobomblight water 轻水light water reactor (LWR) 轻水反应堆limited nuclear option 有限的核被选方案Long March 2E rocket with strap-on boosters [PRC] 长征二E捆绑火箭[中国]long-range ballistic missile (LRBM) 远程弹道导弹low earth orbit (LEO) 卫星低轨道；近地卫星low frequency (LF) 低频low level missile target drone 低空导弹目标声low-enriched uranium 低浓缩铀maneuverable reentry vehicle (MARV) 可操纵返航运载工具marine corps 登陆队；陆战队maritime rights 海洋权materials test reactor 物质试验反应堆material unaccounted-for (MUF) 材料损失Maverick air-to-surface missile [US] 小牛空对地导弹[美国] maximum range 最大射程measurement and control 测控mechanized 机械化mediate 调停medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM) 中程弹道导弹mid-course guidance 飞行中段制导military bloc 军事集团military hardware 武器装备military spending 军事开支; 军费military use 军用military-industrial complex (MIC) 军事工业复合体mine detector 探雷器minelaying machine; minelayer 布雷器mini-nuke 小型核武器missile fast attack craft 导弹快艇missile silo 导弹地下发射井mixed-oxide fuel 混氧燃料mobile formation 机动编队mobile missile 机动导弹moderator 减速器moon craft 月球探测机multilateral disarmament 多边裁军multinational technical means 多国技术手段multiple independently targeted re-entry vehicle (MIRV) 多弹头分导再入飞行器multiple protective shelter (MPS) 多重保护壳multiple reentry vehicle (MRV) 多弹头返航运载工具multiple rocket launcher (MRL) 多管火箭炮multiple-launcher rocket system 多管火箭系统multiple-tube rocket gun 多管火箭炮multiple-warhead missile 多弹头导弹multipolarity 多级化mutual non-aggression 互不侵犯mutual non-interference 互不干涉national defense 国防national security 国家安全national sovereignty 国家主权national technical means 国家技术手段natural uranium 天然铀naval aviation corps 海军航空兵部队naval space surveillance (NA VSPASUR) 海军空间监测NBC protective clothing 三防服near-site verification 近场核查negative security assurance 消极安全保证neutron 中子neutron bomb 中子弹no first use 不首先使用nominal weapon 低威力核武器(2万吨级以下)non-interference in each other's internal affairs 互不干涉内政non-nuclear weapon states (NNWS) 非核武器国家non-proliferation 不扩散non-proliferation policy 不扩散政策non-use assurance 不使用核武器保证nuclear air-burst 空中核爆炸nuclear attack submarine 核动力攻击潜艇nuclear deterrent 核威慑力量nuclear device 核装置nuclear doctrine 核条令nuclear fuel 核燃料nuclear fuel cycle capacities 核燃料循环容量nuclear proliferation 核扩散nuclear radiation 核辐射nuclear reactor 核反应堆nuclear stockpile 核武器储备nuclear testing 核试验nuclear weapon states (NWS) 核武器国nuclear weapon-free zone 无核区nuclear yield 核当量nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons/warfare (NBC) 核,生物和化学武器/战争off-line refueling 线外式加燃料off-site monitoring 远距离监视once-through fuel cycle (核)燃料单一循环on-line refueling 线内式加燃料on-site inspection (OSI) 实地核查;现场核查optimum height 最佳高度optimum security threshold 最适当安全门槛orbit 轨道outguessing regress (核打击决策)猜测循环over pressure 超压力over-the-horizon missile attack 超视距导弹攻击pace of proliferation 扩散步幅parameter 参数parity 均势pathfinder 航向指示器Patriot missile 爱国者导弹payload 有效荷载peaceful coexistence 和平共处peaceful nuclear explosion (PNE) 和平用途核爆炸peaceful use 和平利用penetration aids 突防用具perigee 近地点perimeter acquisition radar (PAR) 环形搜索雷达perimeter portal monitoring 进出口周边监视permissive action link 允许行动联系Perry-class guided missile frigate [US] 派里级导弹巡航舰[美国]phased-array radar 相位阵列雷达physical protection (of nuclear materials) 核物质保护pilotless target aircraft 无引行目标飞行器pin-point bombing; precision bombing 定点轰炸planned aggregate yield 计划总当量plutonium fuel cycle 钚燃料循环plutonium production reactor 钚生产反应堆plutonium-239 钚239plutonium-240 钚240point of impact 弹着点polar orbiting geophysical observatory (POGO) 极地轨道地球物理观测卫星polar space launch vehicle (PSLV) 极地空间发射器Polaris missile 北极星导弹Polaris submarine 北极星潜艇positive security assurance 积极安全保证; 肯定句安全保障power politics 强权政治power reactor 动力反应堆precision guided munitions (PGM) 精确导向武器Prithvi guided missile [India] 蟮氐嫉?[印度]production reactor 生产反应堆projectile 射弹propellant 火箭推进剂propelled rocket ascent mine (PRAM) 动力式火箭助生水雷proton 质子pursuit 追击radar cross-section 雷达有效区radar intelligence (RADINT) 雷达情报radar ocean reconnaissance satellite 雷达海洋侦察卫星radioisotope 放射性同位素radius of action 活动半径Rafale fighter[France] 飚风战斗机[法国]ramjet 冲压式喷气发动机range 距离; 射程range finder 测距仪rapprochement 解冻ratification 批准; 认可reactor core 反应堆芯reactor-grade plutonium 反应堆级钚reconnaissance 侦察recycled nuclear fuel 再生核燃料; 回收核燃料red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) 浓硝酸(发红烟硝酸)reduced blast (enhanced radiation) 弱冲击波(强辐射)reentry vehicle (RV) 重返大气层飞行器reflective particle tag (R&D by Sandia Lab) 发射粒子标签(Sandia 实验室研制)refueling (再) 加燃料regime 政体regional disarmament 区域裁军reliability (e.g., of nuclear weapons) 可靠性remotely-piloted vehicle 遥控飞行器remote sensing technology 遥感技术render-safe experiments 原始核装置拆卸的安全reprocessing (of plutonium) (钚)再处理research and development (R&D) 研究与发展research reactor 研究反应堆residual radiation 剩余(原子核) 辐射retaliation 报复ricin (WA) 蓖麻毒素rocket 火箭rocket engine 火箭发动机roll and yaw departure 侧滚脱离外加偏航脱离routine inspection 例行视察safeguarded facility 受保障监督的设施safeguards 保障监督satellite (space) launch vehicle 卫星发射器(空间运载火箭) satellite data system 卫星数据系统satellite defense 卫星防御satellite inspector system 卫星监视器系统sea cobra helicopter 海眼镜蛇直升飞机sea knight helicopter 海武士直升飞机sea stallion helicopter 海种马直升飞机second strike 核反击security dilemma 安全困境;安全两难security guarantees 安全保证self-defense 自卫semi-synchronous orbit 卫星半同步轨道sense and destroy armor (SADARM) 反装甲弹sensitive materials 敏感物质short-range attack missile 近程攻击导弹short-range ballistic missile (SRBM) 短程弹道导弹Shrike antiradar air-to-surface missile [USA] 百舌鸟空对地反雷达导弹[美国]Sidewinder air-to-air missile [US] 响尾蛇空对空导弹[美国] sighting device 瞄准器signals intelligence (SIGINT) 信号情报Silkworm missile series (short/medium-range coastal defense missile) 蚕式飞弹系列(近/中程海防飞弹)silo 发射井simulation (e.g., nuclear test) 模拟single integrated operational plan (SIOP) 统一攻击目标计划single-role mine hunter (SRMH) 单一任务猎雷舰smooth-bore gun 滑堂炮sortie 飞机架次sound surveillance system (SOSUS) 声响监测系统space-based 天基space-based interceptor 太空截击体space detection and tracking system (SPADATS) 空间探测与跟踪系统space mine 天雷special inspections 特别视察;专门视察spent fuel 乏燃料spent fuel rods 乏燃料棒spent fuel storage 乏燃料储存splash down ?q辅staphylococcal entotoxin 葡萄球菌毒素Sting missile [USA] 刺针飞弹[美国]stockpile 储存; 储备strategic forces 战略部队strategic nuclear weapon 战略核武器strategic offense 战略进攻strategy 战略Styx missile 冥河式导弹sub-kiloton weapon 亚千吨兵器submarine reactor 海底反应堆submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) 潜艇发射的弹道导弹submarine-launched cruise missile (SLCM) 潜艇发射的巡航导弹super high frequency (SHF) 超高频superpowers 超级大国supersonic anti-ship missile 超音速反舰导弹supplier countries 供应国surface-to-air missile (SAM) 地对空导弹surface-to-surface missile (SSM) 地对地导弹synthetic aperture radar (SAR) 合成口径雷达tactical nuclear weapons (TNW) 战术核武器tactical operations center (TOC) 战术作战中心telemetry intelligence (TELINT) 遥测信息temper (原子弹)惰层terminal guidance 末端制导terrain contour matching (TERCOM) 地形轮廓匹配theater 战区theater nuclear forces 战区核武器部队thermal reactor 热核反应堆thermonuclear weapon 热核武器thorium 钍three principles of nuclear export 核出口三项原则throw-weight 发射重量Tbilisi aircraft carrier [USSR] 第比利斯号航空母舰[苏联] time-over-target (TOT) 抵达目标时间trajectory ?u?Dtransatmospheric vehicle 空中交通工具transceiver 透明度transparency 透明度transporter-erector-launcher (TEL) 运输-竖起-发射装置triad 三合一战略报复力量Trinitrotoluene (TNT) 三硝基甲苯tritium 氚turbojet engine 涡轮式喷气发动机ultra high frequency (UHF) 超高频ultralong wave 超长波ultrashort wave 超短波underground nuclear test 地下核试验unilateral disarmament 单边裁军universal multiple launcher (A V-LMU) 通用多重发射器unsymmetrical dimethyl-hydrazine (rocket fuel) 不对称二甲基肼(火箭燃料)upper-tier 高层uranium dioxide 二氧化铀uranium enrichment 铀浓缩uranium hexafluoride (UF6) 六氟化铀uranium mining and milling 铀矿开采与选矿uranium tetrafluoride (UF4) 四氟化铀uranium-233 铀233uranium-235 铀235uranium-238 四氟化铀user operational uation system (UOES) 铀233verification 铀235verification regime 铀238军事英语之枪械篇.38 Special revolver 三八左轮枪9 mm pistol 九０手枪AA T (Arme Automatique Transformable) 通用机枪Accelerator 枪机加速器Accuracy 准确度Accuralize 准确化Accurize: 精准化. 使枪械更精确.ACOG (Advanced Combat Optical Gunsight) 先进光学战斗瞄准具ACP (Automatic Colt Pistol) 柯尔特自动手枪弹ACP: Automatic Colt Pistol, 柯尔特自动手枪子弹.Action shooting 战斗射击Action 枪机Action: 枪机。
(完整版)核专业英语词汇
（一）核物理基本概念元素element粒子particle离子ion分子molecule原子atom原子的atomic原子核nucleus (pl. nuclei)核的nuclear质子proton中子neutron电子electron核子nucleon化学性质chemical identity带正电的positively charged带负电的negatively charged不带电的uncharged电中性的electrically neutral（元素）周期表periodic table原子序数atomic number质量数mass number轨道电子orbital electron同位素isotope天然存在的naturally occurring人工的artificial化学键chemical bond化合物compound上标superscript下标subscript氧oxygen氢，氕hydrogen重氢，氘heavy hydrogen, deuterium 重氢核，氘核deuterion超重氢，氚tritium碳carbon氦helium放射性的radioactive加权平均weighted mean质量mass动量momentum能量energy单位，机组unit 国际单位制System International, SI 千克kilogram (kg)伏特volt (V)摩尔mole (mol)库仑coulomb电子伏特electron-volt (eV)兆电子伏特mega electron-volt (MeV) 质量亏损mass defect结合能binding energy动能kinetic energy势能potential, potential energy 跃迁jump核力nuclear force排斥repulsion吸引attraction轰击bombardment发射（出）emission (n.), emit (v.)能级energy level裂变fission聚变fusion衰变decay钡barium硼boron铋bismuth铀uranium钚plutonium钍thorium锂lithium钠sodium核反应nuclear reaction链式反应chain reaction辐射，射线radiation超铀元素transuranium element可裂变的fissionable易裂变的fissile碎片fragment宏观的macroscopic微观的microscopic介观的mesoscopic激发excite静电的electrostatic库仑力Coulomb force电磁辐射electromagnetic radiation（二）放射性宇宙射线cosmic ray电离ionization韧致辐射bremsstrahlung(brakingradiation)辐射，射线radiation正比于be proportional to 反比于be inversely proportional to 根据经验as a rule of thumbα射线alpha rayβ射线beta rayγ射线gamma ray带电粒子charged particle 光子photon散射scattering衍射diffraction折射deflection碰撞collision铝aluminum铍beryllium氦helium相互作用interaction摄入ingest吸入inhale动能kinetic energy势能potential (energy)量子quantum屏蔽shielding正电子positron加速器accelerator放射性radioactivity湮灭annihilation光电效应photoelectric effect （三）核反应衰减attenuation放大amplification镉cadmium钴cobalt氧oxygen氮nitrogen汞mercury弹性的elastic非弹性的inelastic宏观截面macroscopic cross section 微观截面microscopic cross section 靶恩barn 反冲，反作用recoil平均自由程mean free path转变，转化transmutation扩散diffusion中子扩散neutron diffusion斐克扩散定律Fick’s law of diffusion 通量flux中微子neutrino放射性同位素radioisotope半衰期half-life热核反应堆thermonuclear reactor 化合价valence（四）核材料燃料fuel 燃料芯块fuel pellet慢化剂moderator冷却剂coolant包壳cladding控制棒control rod硼酸boric acid铬chromium铪hafnium钆gadolinium铟indium镁magnesium镍nickel锆zirconium硅silicon重水heavy water石墨graphite碳化物carbide氧化物oxide氧化oxidize二氧化物dioxide二氧化碳carbon dioxide碳氢化合物hydrocarbon密度density热导率，传热系数thermal conductivity比热specific heat粘性viscosity饱和saturation热力性质，热物性thermodynamic property 反应性reactivity升华sublime中子俘获截面neutron capture crosssection散射截面scattering cross section 辐照损伤radiation damage肿胀swelling燃耗burnup合金alloy镁诺克斯合金Magnox锆合金zircaloy金属间化合物inter-metallic compound 裂变产物fission product裂变碎片fission fragment腐蚀产物corrosion product可燃毒物burnable poison冷轧cold pressing烧结sintering开裂crack蠕变creep增殖材料fertile material增殖比breeding ratio浓缩铀enriched uranium高温气冷堆High TemperatureGas-cooled Reactor(HTGR)（中子）通量展平flux-shaping（五）核反应堆理论自持的链式反应self-sustaining chainreaction燃料循环fuel cycle临界(a) critical次临界(a) subcritical超临界(a) supercritical临界(n) criticality临界尺寸critical size共振resonance弹性散射碰撞elastic scattering collision 热中子利用系数thermal utilization factor 慢化slow down热中子thermal neutron 快中子fast neutron六氟化物hexafluoride六氟化铀uranium hexafluoride离心工艺centrifuge process气体扩散工艺gaseous diffusion process 换料(v) refuel快中子增殖反应堆，快堆Fast BreedingReactor (FBR)堆芯，活性区core再生区blanket半透膜semi-permeable membrane 旋转spin (过去分词：spun)贫铀depleted uranium热中子反应堆，热堆thermal reactor快堆fast reactor倍增系数multiplication factor（十）压水反应堆压水反应堆，压水堆Pressurized WaterReactor (PWR)蒸汽发生器steam generator一次侧primary side二次侧secondary side发电机electrical generator,generator燃料芯块fuel pellet包壳cladding堆芯core给水泵feed(water) pump反应堆（压力）容器reactor vessel, pressurevessel硼酸boric acid化学补偿控制chemical shim control 堆坑reactor pit气密的airtight封头head接管，喷嘴nozzle点火区seed再生区blanket用户，业主，业界utility卖主，供应商vendor, supplier制造商manufacturer多重屏障multiple barriers纵深防御defense in depth冗余性redundancy多样性diversity独立性independence包容contain美国机械工程师协会American Society ofMechanical Engineer(ASME)美国核学会American Nuclear Society (ANS) 安全级safety class失效failure安全功能safety function裕度margin 反应堆冷却剂系统Reactor Coolant System(RCS)在役检查inservice inspection汽水分离器moisture separator干燥器steam dryer堆内构件reactor internals反应堆冷却剂泵，主泵reactor coolantpump (RCP), mainpump稳压器pressurizer波动管surge line剖视图sectional view控制棒control rod控制棒组件Control ElementAssembly (CEA)控制棒驱动机构Control Element DriveMechanism (CEDM)控制棒导向管Control Rod GuideTube (CRGT)上部支撑板upper support plate燃料组件fuel assembly进口接管inlet nozzle出口接管outlet nozzle堆芯吊篮core barrel可燃吸收体burnable absorber管侧tube side壳侧shell side蒸汽管线steam line一次冷却剂primary coolant主蒸汽main steam反应性引入reactivity insertion浓度concentration参考负荷reference load冷却剂平均温度coolant averagetemperature稀释dilution裂变产物fission product积累buildup反应堆调节系统Reactor RegulatingSystem (RRS)（程序）整定值programmed value峰值线释热率peak linear heat rate轴向功率分布axial power distribution 方位角azimuthal（中子通量）方位角偏差azimuthal tilt偏离泡核沸腾Departure fromNucleate Boiling (DNB) 偏离泡核沸腾比Departure fromNucleate Boiling Ratio(DNBR)堆内测量系统In-Core Detector System(ICDS)自给能中子探测器Self-Powered NeutronDetector (SPND)信号调理signal conditioning反应堆紧急停堆reactor trip汽机脱扣turbine trip可靠性reliability规范，法规code燃耗burnup（十一）反应堆容器与堆内构件环锻件ring-forging锻造forge锻件forging监视surveillance样品，试样specimen安装mount奥氏体的austenitic不锈钢stainless steel法兰flange热电偶thermocouple零延性转变温度nil-ductility transitiontemperature (T NDT)注量率fluence集成中子通量NVT=Total IntegratedNeutron Flux = IntegratedFlux = Fluence = Neutrondensity ⨯ Velocity ⨯ Time【unit】：[n/m3⋅m/s⋅s]=[n/m2]旁通，支路bypass磷phosphorous硫sulfur = sulphur焊weld临界值，限值threshold（机）接合，啮合，对位engage凸缘，凸起部，轮毂boss逐渐变细的tapered圆顶dome围板shroud（十二）反应堆堆芯与燃料可燃吸收棒burnable absorber rod 蠕变creep栅格lattice中子源neutron source阻力塞plug反应性价值reactivity worth比功率specific power锑antimony镉cadmium锎californium 铟indium陶瓷（状）的ceramic （机）间隙clearance污染contaminate 栅格架；电网；网格grid因科镍inconel固有安全性inherent safety 非能动安全passive safety 能动安全active safety套管，套筒sleeve定位格架spacer grid星形架，蜘蛛spider乏燃料spent fuel（十三）压水堆冷却剂系统主要设备U形管蒸汽发生器U-tube steam generator 核供汽系统Nuclear Steam SupplySystem (NSSS)一次系统primary system二次系统secondary system主蒸汽main steam汽轮机，透平机械turbine给水与凝汽系统feed and condensate system 热管段，热腿hot leg冷管段，冷腿cold leg堵管裕量tube plugging margin在 情况下in the event of换热器heat exchanger (HX)节热器，省煤器economizer给水feedwater一次进口水室inlet plenum一次进口接管primary inlet nozzle一次出口水室outlet plenum一次出口接管primary outlet nozzle管板tubesheet喷放；（SG）排污blowdown上升段riser下降段downcomer满功率full power (FP)额定功率rated power 额定负荷rated load化学和容积控制系统Chemical and VolumeControl System (CVCS) 加热，升温heatup冷却，降温cooldown喷淋管线spray line辅助喷淋管线auxiliary spray line上充泵charging pump上充charge下泄letdown水位water level, level备用的backup过压保护overpressure protection 安全壳内换料水箱In-containmentRefueling Water StorageTank (IRWST)换料水箱Refueling Water StorageTank (RWST)安全阀safety valve卸压阀relief valve全厂断电station blackout (SBO) （蒸汽）干度quality空泡份额void fraction热冲击thermal shock急冷，骤冷quench（十四）压水堆系统与安全壳裂变碎片fission fragment轻水反应堆Light Water Reactor(LWR)热机thermal engine原动机prime mover焓enthalpy熵entropy反馈feedback热力学第二定律second law of thermo-dynamics最终热阱ultimate sink一（次）回路primary loop二（次）回路secondary loop核电厂配套子项Balance of Plant (BOP) 一次压力边界primary pressureboundary隔离阀isolation valve失效failure故障fault, malfuction卡诺效率Carnot efficiency热机效率engine efficiency高温热源，热库hot reservoir低温热源cold reservoir摩擦friction余热排出系统Residual Heat-RemovalSystem (RHRS)换料(n) refueling应急堆芯冷却系统Emergency Core-Cooling System (ECCS) 补水与排水feed and bleed专设安全设施Engineered Safety Feature(ESF)设备冷却水系统Component CoolingSystem止回阀non-return valve蓄压箱accumulator电动阀motor-driven valve气动阀pneumatic valve 安注泵safety injection pump安全壳containment钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete预应力钢筋混凝土prestressed reinforcedconcrete英制压力单位psi = pounds per squareinch英制压力单位（表压）psig = pounds persquare inch gauge环形的annular潜热latent heat显热sensible heat氢氧化物hydroxide氢氧化钠sodium hydroxide苛性钠，氢氧化钠caustic启动startup飞射物，导弹missile蒸汽管线steamline安全壳地坑containment sump（十五）蒸汽轮机飞轮flywheel叶片，叶栅blade, bucket, vane 功work冲动式汽轮机impulse turbine反动式汽轮机reaction turbine冲动级impulse stage反动级reaction stage反动度degree of reaction 渐缩的converging渐扩的diverging喷嘴，接管nozzle 被称为⋯⋯be referred to as缸体，箱体casing推力thrust拉金lashing除湿moisture removal节流阀stop-throttle valve扭矩torque每秒⋯转rev/s = revolutions persecond每分钟⋯转rpm = revolutions perminute（十六）主蒸汽、给水与凝汽系统汽轮发电机turbine generator汽动给水泵turbine driven feedwaterpump蒸汽排放steam dump汽水分离再热器Moisture SeperatorReheater (MSR)密封蒸汽系统gland steam system 限流器flow restrictor主蒸汽隔离阀main steam isolation valve 机组unit负荷load主蒸汽集管main steam header给水联箱feedwater header给水回热循环regenerative feed heatingcycle磨损wear污垢，结垢fouling装量inventory蒸汽（旁路）排放steam dump冷凝器排放condenser steam dump 大气排放atmospheric steam dump 除氧器排放deoxidizer steam dump 电缆electric cable辅助给水系统auxiliary feedwatersystem压差differential pressure,pressure differential,pressure difference增压泵booster pump增压boost pressure吸入口suction凝汽器condenser 凝汽器热阱condenser hotwell给水流量调节阀feed regulating valve 给水调节旁通阀feed regulating bypassvalve疏水drain阶跃变化step change线性（斜坡）变化ramp change溢流阀overflow valve工艺汽process steam紧急停堆trip; scram停堆shutdown停堆，停堆期outrage手动地manually自动地automatically质量流率mass flow rate关断阀shutoff valve（美国）联邦管理法规CFR = Code ofFederal Regulations 凝结液condensate水头，压头head汽机脱扣（甩负荷）turbine trip（十七）核电厂运行工艺热process heat公用电网utility grid基础负荷运行base load operation退役的out of service运行因子operation factor负荷因子load factor使用因子，运行因子service factor可利用因子availability技术规范technical specification稳压器汽空间建立draw a pressure steambubble未能紧急停堆的预计瞬变AnticipatedTransient Without Scram(ATWS)未能紧急停堆的预计瞬变AnticipatedTransient Without Trip(ATWT)失电loss of power失流loss of flow辅助喷淋auxiliary spray采样sampling（美国）核管会Nuclear RegulatoryCommission (NRC)负荷跟踪load following（十八）辐射危害与屏蔽屏蔽shielding 核辐射nuclear radiation发射，发出emit剂量dose剂量率dose rate保健物理health physics天然本底辐射natural background radiation 轰击bombardment地壳the earth’s crust（放射性）坠尘fallout职业照射occupational exposure放射性流出物radioactive effluent幸存者survivor辐射防护radiological protection国际辐射防护委员会InternationalCommission on RadiologicalProtection (ICRP)合理可行尽量低As Low As ReasonablyAchievable (ALARA)希弗Sivert 急性的acute慢性的delayed辐射病radiation sickness吸入inhalation摄入ingestion食物链food chain权重因子weighting factor活化产物activation product生物屏蔽biological shield氡radon氪krypton钋polonium钾potassium铋bismuth稀有气体noble gas残骸debris征兆symptom谱spectrum (pl. spectra)（十九）核安全核安全nuclear safety过热overheating裂变速率fission rate缓发中子delayed neutron瞬发中子prompt neutron后果consequence破裂rupture置信度confidence负温度系数negative temperaturecoefficient事故accident堆年reactor-year快堆fast reactor热堆thermal reactor失效安全fail safe三哩岛事故Three Mile Island accident(TMI accident)切尔诺贝利事故Chernobyl accident设计基准事故Design Basis Accident (DBA) 严重事故severe accident熔融meltdown多普勒展宽Doppler broadening反应性引入事故Reactivity InsertionAccident (RIA)冷却剂丧失事故，失水事故Loss-Of-Coolant Accident(LOCA)自动保护系统Automatic Protective System(APS)居里（活度单位）Curie瞬发临界prompt critical蒸汽发生器传热管破裂Steam GeneratorTube Rapture (SGTR)确定性安全分析deterministic safetyanalysis概率安全分析Probabilistic SafetyAssessment (PSA)。
核物理专业英语词汇指南
核物理专业英语词汇指南摘要：本文介绍了核物理专业的一些基本概念和常用词汇，以及它们的英文表达和发音。
本文旨在帮助核物理专业的学生和研究者提高英语水平，更好地进行国际交流和学术研究。
本文分为以下几个部分：核物理基本概念核反应和放射性核材料和燃料核设施和反应堆核安全和防护核能利用和发展核物理基本概念核物理是研究原子核的结构、性质、相互作用和变化的物理学分支。
核物理涉及到许多基本粒子，如质子、中子、电子、光子、中微子等，以及它们之间的四种基本力：强相互作用力、弱相互作用力、电磁力和引力。
核物理还涉及到许多重要的现象，如裂变、聚变、衰变、辐射等，以及它们在能量转换、物质转化和时间演化中的作用。
下面是一些核物理基本概念和常用词汇的英文表达和发音：中文英文发音元素element/ˈelɪmənt/粒子particle/ˈpɑːrtɪkl/离子ion/ˈaɪən/分子molecule/ˈmɒlɪkjuːl/原子atom/ˈætəm/原子的atomic/əˈtɒmɪk/原子核nucleus (pl. nuclei)/ˈnjuːklɪəs/ (/ˈnjuːkliaɪ/)核的nuclear/ˈnjuːklɪə(r)/质子proton/ˈprəʊtɒn/中子neutron/ˈnjuːtrɒn/电子electron/ɪˈlektrɒn/核子nucleon/ˈnjuːklɪən/化学性质chemical property/ˈkemɪkl ˈprɒpəti/带正电的positively charged/ˈpɒzətɪvli ˈtʃɑːdʒd/带负电的negatively charged/ˈneɡətɪvli ˈtʃɑːdʒd/不带电的uncharged/ʌnˈtʃɑːdʒd/电中性的electrically neutral/ɪlektrɪkli ˈnjuːtrəl/（元素）周期表periodic table/pɪərɪədɪk ˈteɪbl/原子序数atomic number/ətɒmɪk ˈnʌmbə(r)/质量数mass number/mæs ˈnʌmbə(r)/轨道电子orbital electron/ˈɔ:bɪtl ɪlektrɒn/同位素isotope/ˈaɪsətəʊp/天然存在的naturally occurring/ˈnætʃrəli əˈkɜ:rɪŋ/中文英文发音人工的artificial/ˌɑ:tɪˈfɪʃl/化学键chemical bond/ˈkemɪkl bɒnd/化合物compound/ˈkɒmpaʊnd/上标superscript/ˈsu:pəskrɪpt/下标subscript/ˈsʌbskrɪpt/氢hydrogen/ˈhaɪdrədʒən/重氢，氘heavy hydrogen, deuterium/hevi ˈhaɪdrədʒən, dju:ˈtɪəriəm/重氢核，氘核deuterion/dju:ˈtɪəriən/超重氢，氚tritium/ˈtrɪtiəm/氦helium/ˈhi:liəm/结合能binding energy/ˈbaɪndɪŋ ˈenədʒi/动能kinetic energy/kɪˈnetɪk ˈenədʒi/势能potential (energy)/pəˈtenʃl (ˈenədʒi)/跃迁jump/dʒʌmp/核力nuclear force/ˈnju:klɪə fɔ:s/排斥repulsion/rɪˈpʌlʃn/吸引attraction/əˈtrækʃn/轰击bombardment/bɒmˈbɑ:dmənt/发射（出）emission (n.), emit (v.)/ɪˈmɪʃn, ɪˈmɪt/能级energy level/ˈenədʒi ˌlevl/裂变fission/ˈfɪʃn/聚变fusion/ˈfju:ʒn/衰变decay/dɪˈkeɪ/核反应和放射性核反应是指原子核的结构或组成发生变化的过程，通常伴随着能量和粒子的释放或吸收。
原子核相关英语单词
原子核相关英语单词单词作为学习英语的基础，我们该怎样学习英语单词呢?下面是我整理的原子核相关英语单词，仅供参照。
质子proton中子neutron电子electron核子nucleon核nucleus (pl.)nuclei 原子atom光子photon正电子positron量子quantum, quanta (pl.) 电子伏特electron-volt (eV) 兆电子伏特mega electron-volt (MeV) 同位素isotope 原子序数atomic number质量数mass number超铀元素transuranium element元素周期表periodic table热中子thermal neutron快中子fast neutron复合核compound nucleus2元素英语单词铀uranium(U)钚plutonium(Pu)氘,重氢deuterium,heavy hydrogen氚tritium混合氧化物燃料(MOX燃料)Mixed (Uranium and Plutonium) OXide fuel二氧化铀uranium dioxide浓缩铀enriched uranium贫铀depleted uranium 碳化铀uranium carbide钍thorium锂lithium锕系元素actinide element易裂变的fissile可裂变的、可裂变物质fissionable 增殖同位素fertile isotope核嬗变nuclear transmutation转化conversion3其它核材料及核电厂用材料英语单词慢化剂moderator轻水light water重水heavy water石墨graphite冷却剂coolant氦helium液态金属liquid metal钠sodium包壳cladding铝aluminium镁magnesium锆zirconium锆2/4合金zircaloy-2/4不锈钢stainless steel 控制材料control material 通量展平flux-shaping银silver铟indium镉cadmium可燃毒物burnable poison 硼boron硼酸boric acid锂lithium铍beryllium。
政府部门名称英语翻译
XX市人民政府机构英文译名XX市人民政府办公厅：General Office, the People’s Government of XX MunicipalityXX市发展计划委员会（XX市粮食局）：Development Planning Commission of XX Municipality (Grain Administration of XX Municipality)XX市经济委员会(内设XX市安全生产监督管理局)：Economic Commission of XX Municipality (Bureau of Work Safety of XX Municipality)XX市商业局：Bureau of Commerce of XX MunicipalityXX市教育局：Bureau of Education of XX MunicipalityXX市科学技术局：Bureau of Science and Technology of XX MunicipalityXX市民族宗教事务局：Bureau of Ethnic and Religious Affairs of XX MunicipalityXX市公安局：Bureau of Public Security of XX MunicipalityXX市监察局：Bureau of Supervision of XX MunicipalityXX市民政局：Bureau of Civil Affairs of XX MunicipalityXX市司法局：Bureau of Justice of XX MunicipalityXX市财政局：Bureau of Finance of XX MunicipalityXX市人事局：Bureau of Personnel of XX MunicipalityXX市劳动和社会保障局：Bureau of Labour and Social Security of XX MunicipalityXX市国土资源和房屋管理局：Bureau of Land Resources and Housing Management of XX MunicipalityXX市建设委员会：Construction Commission of XX MunicipalityXX市交通委员会：Communications Commission of XX MunicipalityXX市水利局：Bureau of Water Resources of XX MunicipalityXX市农业局(XX市海洋与渔业局)：Bureau of Agriculture of XX Municipality （Bureau of Marine and Fishery of XX Municipality）XX市对外贸易经济合作局：Bureau of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation of XX MunicipalityXX市文化局：Bureau of Culture of XX MunicipalityXX市卫生局：Bureau of Health of XX MunicipalityXX市人口和计划生育局：Family Planning Bureau of XX MunicipalityXX市审计局：Bureau of Audit of XX MunicipalityXX市环境保护局：Bureau of Environmental Protection of XX MunicipalityXX市新闻出版和广播电视局（XX市版权局）:Administration of Press, Publication, Radio and Televisionof XX Municipality (Copyright Bureau of XX Municipality)XX市城市规划局:Bureau of Urban Planning of XX MunicipalityXX市市政园林局:Bureau of Urban Utilities and Landscaping of XX MunicipalityXX市市容环境卫生局:Bureau of City Appearance, Environment and Sanitation of XX MunicipalityXX市体育局:Administration of Sports of XX MunicipalityXX市统计局:Statistics Bureau of XX MunicipalityXX市物价局:Price Control Administration of XX MunicipalityXX市工商行政管理局:Administration of Industry and Commerce of XX MunicipalityXX市林业局:Forestry Administration of XX MunicipalityXX市质量技术监督局:Administration of Quality and Technology Supervision of XX MunicipalityXX市药品监督管理局:Drug Administration of XX MunicipalityXX市知识产权局:Intellectual Property Office of XX MunicipalityXX市旅游局:Tourism Administration of XX MunicipalityXX市人民政府法制办公室:Legislative Affairs Office, the People’s Government of XX MunicipalityXX市人民政府外事办公室:Foreign Affairs Office, the People’s Government of XX Mun icipalityXX市人民政府侨务办公室:Overseas Chinese Affairs Office, the People’s Government of XXMunicipalityXX市人民政府台湾事务办公室:Taiwan Affairs Office, the People’s Government of XX MunicipalityXX市人民政府研究室（XX市经济体制改革办公室）:Research Office, the People’s Government of XX Municipality (Office of Economic Restructuring of XX Municipality)议事协调机构的常设办事机构XX市机构编制委员会办公室:Office of Government Set-up Committee of XX MunicipalityXX市人民防空办公室:Office of Civil Air Defense of XX MunicipalityXX市人民政府打击走私领导小组办公室:Office for Combating Smuggl ing, the People’s Government of XX MunicipalityXX市爱国卫生运动委员会办公室:Patriotic Health Committee of XX Municipality其他机构XX市无线电管理办公室:Administration of Radio of XX MunicipalityXX市劳动教养工作管理局:Administration of Reeducation through Labour of XX MunicipalityXX市人民政府参事室（XX市文史研究馆）:Counselor’s Office, the People’s Government of XX Municipality (Research Institute of Culture and History, the People’s Government of XXMunicipality)派出机构XX市人民政府驻###办事处: Representative Office in ###, the People’s Government of XXMunicipalityXX市人民政府驻北京办事处: Representative Office in Beijing, the People’s Government of XXMunicipalityXX经济技术开发区:XX Economic and Technological Development ZoneXX高新技术产业开发区:XX New and Hi-tech Industrial Development ZoneXX出口加工区:XX Export Processing ZoneXX保税区:XX Free Trade ZoneXX南沙经济技术开发区管理委员会:Administration of XX Nansha Economic and Technological Development ZoneXX XXX开发区建设指挥部:XX Headquarters of XXX Development Zone一、XX省人民政府办公厅General Office, the People’s Government of XX Province二、省政府组成部门XX省发展计划委员会（XX省粮食局）Development Planning Commission of XX Province（Grain Administration of XX Province）XX省经济贸易委员会（XX省国防科学技术工业办公室，内设XX省安全生产监督管理局）Economic and TradeCommission of XX Province (Office of Science,Technology and Industry for National Defense of XX Province, Bureau of Work Safety of XX Province)XX省教育厅Department of Education of XX ProvinceXX省科学技术厅Department of Science and Technology of XX ProvinceXX省民族宗教事务委员会Ethnic and Religious Affairs Commission of XX ProvinceXX省公安厅Department of Public Security of XX ProvinceXX省国家安全厅Department of State Security of XX ProvinceXX省监察厅Department of Supervision of XX ProvinceXX省民政厅Department of Civil Affairs of XX ProvinceXX省司法厅Department of Justice of XX ProvinceXX省财政厅Department of Finance of XX ProvinceXX省人事厅（XX省机构编制委员会办公室）Department of Personnel of XX Province (Office of Government Set-up Committee of XX Province)XX省劳动与社会保障厅Department of Labor and Social Security of XX ProvinceXX省国土资源厅Department of Land and Resources of XX ProvinceXX省建设厅Department of Construction of XX ProvinceXX省交通厅Department of Communications of XX ProvinceXX省信息产业厅Department of Information Industry of XX ProvinceXX省水利厅Department of Water Resources of XX ProvinceXX省农业厅Department of Agriculture of XX ProvinceXX省对外经济贸易合作厅Department of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation of XX ProvinceXX省文化厅Department of Culture of XX ProvinceXX省卫生厅Department of Health of XX ProvinceXX省计划生育委员会Family Planning Commission of XX ProvinceXX省审计厅Audit Office of XX Province三、省政府直属机构XX省地方税务局Administration of Local Taxation of XX ProvinceXX省环境保护局Environmental Protection Bureau of XX ProvinceXX省广播电影电视局Administration of Radio, Film and Television of XX ProvinceXX省体育局（XX省体育总会）Administration of Sports of XX Province (Sports Federation of XX Province)XX省统计局Statistics Bureau of XX ProvinceXX省物价局Price Control Administration of XX ProvinceXX省工商行政管理局Administration of Industry and Commerce of XX ProvinceXX省新闻出版局（XX省版权局）Administration of Press and Publication of XX Province (Copyright Bureau of XX Province)XX省林业局Forestry Administration of XX ProvinceXX省海洋与渔业局Administration of Ocean and Fisheries of XX ProvinceXX省质量技术监督局Administration of Quality and Technology Supervision of XX ProvinceXX省药品监督管理局 Drug Administration of XX ProvinceXX省知识产权局 Intellectual Property Office of XX ProvinceXX省旅游局 Tourism Administration of XX ProvinceXX省人民政府法制办公室Legislative Affairs Office,the People’s Government of XX ProvinceXX省人民政府外事办公室 (XX省人民政府港澳事务办公室) Foreign Affairs Office，the People’sGovernment of XX Province (Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office, the People’s Government of XXProvince)XX省人民政府侨务办公室Overseas Chinese Affairs Office,the People’s Government of XX Province四、部门管理机构XX省监狱管理局 Prison Administration of XX ProvinceXX省劳动教养工作管理局 Administration of Reeducation through Labor of XX Province XX省中医药局 Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of XX Province五、议事协调机构的办事机构XX省人民防空办公室 Office of Civil Air Defense of XX ProvinceXX省人民政府打击走私综合治理办公室Office for Combating Smuggling, the People’s Government of XXProvince六、其他机构XX省人民政府新闻办公室Information Office, the People’s Government of XX ProvinceXX省人民政府台湾事务办公室Taiwan Affairs Office, the People’s Government of XX ProvinceXX省国家保密局Administration for the Protection of State Secrets of XX ProvinceXX省信访局Bureau for Letters and Calls of XX ProvinceXX省人民政府参事室（XX省人民政府文史研究馆）Counselors’ Office, the People’s Government of XX Province(Research Institute of Culture and History, the People’s Government of XX Province) XX省人民政府驻北京办事处Representative Office i n Beijing , the People’s Government of XX ProvinceXX省人民政府驻上海办事处Representative Office in Shanghai, the People’s Government of XX Province七、省政府直属事业单位XX省科学院 XX Academy of SciencesXX省社会科学院 XX Academy of Social SciencesXX省农业科学院 XX Academy of Agricultural SciencesXX省人民政府发展研究中心Development Research Center, the People’s Government of XX ProvinceXX省档案局 Archives Bureau of XX ProvinceXX省地方史志办公室 Office of Local Chronicles Compilation of XX ProvinceXX省机械设备成套局 Bureau of Complete Machinery & Equipment of XX Province八、归口部门管理的事业单位珠江电影制片公司 Pearl River Film CompanyXX省核工业地质局Bureau of Geology for Nuclear Industry of XX ProvinceXX省地质勘察局Bureau of Geological Prospecting and Surveying of XX ProvinceXX省机电设备招标局Bureau of Machinery and Electric Equipment Tendering of XX ProvinceXX省航道局 Waterway Bureau of XX ProvinceXX省社会保险基金管理局Administration of Social Insurance Fund of XX ProvinceXX省信息中心 Information Center of XX ProvinceXX人民广播电台 Radio XXXX电视台 XX TelevisionXX南方电视台 Southern Television XX (TVS)XX省广播电视技术中心 Radio and Television Technical Center of XX ProvinceXX省建筑设计研究院 XX Institute of Architectural Design and ResearchXX省人民医院XX People’s HospitalXX省体育运动技术学院 XX Institute of Sports TechniqueXX省生产力促进中心（XX省高技术研究发展中心） XX Productivity Center (XX High-Tech Research andDevelopment Center)XX省测试分析研究所（中国广州分析测试中心） XX Institute of Analysis (China National AnalyticalCenter,Guangzhou)XX省产品质量监督检验中心XX Supervision and Test Center for Product QualityXX省公路管理局 Highway Administration of XX ProvinceXX省考试中心 Education Examination Authority of XXXX省建设工程交易中心 Construction Project Tendering Center of XX ProvinceXX省出版集团 XX Publishing GroupXX省水文局 Hydrological Bureau of XX Province国务院各部委、各直属机构英文译名一、中华人民共和国国务院办公厅General Office of the State Council of the People’s Republic of Chi na二、国务院组成部门中华人民共和国外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国国防部Ministry of National Defense of the People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国国家发展计划委员会 State Development Planning Commission of the People’s Republicof China中华人民共和国国家经济贸易委员会State Economic and Trade Commission of the People’s Republic ofChina中华人民共和国教育部Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国科学技术部Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国国防科学技术工业委员会Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for NationalDefense of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国国家民族事务委员会State Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People’s Republic ofChina中华人民共和国公安部Ministry of Public Security of the People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国国家安全部Ministry of State Security of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国监察部Ministry of Supervision of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国民政部Ministry of Civil Affairs of the People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国司法部Ministry of Justice of the People’s R epublic of China中华人民共和国财政部Ministry of Finance of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国人事部Ministry of Personnel of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国劳动和社会保障部Ministry of Labour and Social Security of the People’s Republicof China中华人民共和国国土资源部 Minis try of Land and Resources of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国建设部Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国铁道部Ministry of Railways of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国交通部Ministry of Communications of the People’s Republ ic of China 中华人民共和国信息产业部Ministry of Information Industry of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国水利部Ministry of Water Resources of the People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国农业部Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国对外贸易经济合作部 Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国文化部Ministry of Culture of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国卫生部Ministry of Health of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国国家计划生育委员会 State Family Planning Commiss ion of the People’s Republic ofChina中国人民银行People’s Bank of China中华人民共和国审计署National Audit Office of the People’s Republic of China三、国务院直属机构中华人民共和国海关总署General Administration of Customs of the People’s Republic of China国家税务总局 State Administration of Taxation中华人民共和国国家工商行政管理总局 State Administration for Industry and Commerce of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspectionand Quarantine o of the People’s Republic of China国家环境保护总局 State Environmental Protection Administration中国民用航空总局 General Administration of Civil Aviation of China国家广播电影电视总局 State Administration of Radio, Film and Television中华人民共和国新闻出版总署（中华人民共和国国家版权局） General Administration of Press andPublication of the People’s Repub lic of China (National Copyright Administrationof the People’s Republic of China)国家体育总局 General Administration of Sport中华人民共和国国家统计局National Bureau of Statistics of the People’s Republic of China国家林业局 State Forestry Administration国家药品监督管理局 State Drug Administration中华人民共和国国家知识产权局State Intellectual Property Office of the People’s Republic ofChina中华人民共和国国家旅游局National Tourism Administration of the People’s Republic of China国家宗教事务局 State Administration for Religious Affairs国务院参事室Counselors’ Office of the State Council国务院机关事务管理局 Government Offices Administration of the State Council四、国务院办事机构国务院侨务办公室 Overseas Chinese Affairs Office of the State Council国务院港澳事务办公室 Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office of the State Council国务院法制办公室 Legislative Affairs Office of the State Council国务院经济体制改革办公室 Economic Restructuring Office of the State Council国务院研究室 Research Office of the State Council国务院台湾事务办公室 Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council国务院新闻办公室 Information Office of the State Council五、国务院直属事业单位新华通讯社 Xinhua News Agency中国科学院 Chinese Academy of Sciences中国社会科学院 Chinese Academy of Social Sciences中国工程院 Chinese Academy of Engineering国务院发展研究中心 Development Research Center of the State Council国家行政学院 National School of Administration中国地震局 China Seismological Bureau中国气象局 China Meteorological Administration中国证券监督管理委员会 China Securities Regulatory Commission中国保险监督管理委员会 China Insurance Regulatory Commission全国社会保障基金理事会 National Council for Social Security Fund国家自然科学基金委员会 National Natural Science Foundation六、国务院部委管理的国家局国家信访局 State Bureau for Letters and Calls国家粮食局 State Administration of Grain国家安全生产监督管理局（国家煤矿安全检查局） State Administration of Work Safety (StateAdministration of Coal Mine Safety)国家烟草专卖局 State Tobacco Monopoly Administration国家外国专家局 State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs国家海洋局 State Oceanic Administration国家测绘局 State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping国家邮政局 State Post Bureau国家文物局 State Administration of Cultural Heritage国家中医药管理局 State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine 国家外汇管理局 State Administration of Foreign Exchange国家档案局 State Archives Administration国家保密局 National Administration for the Protection of State Secrets。
国内科研项目名称英文翻译
国内项目英文翻译国家高技术研究发展计划资助项目（863计划）,Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program),国家自然科学基金资助项目,Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,国家“九五”攻关项目,Supported by the National Key Technologies Research and Development Program of China during the 9th Five-Year Plan Period ,中国科学院“九五”重大项目,Supported by the Major Programs of the Chinese Academy of Sciences during the 9th Five-Year Plan Period ,中国科学院重点资助项目,Supported by the Key Programs of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,“九五”国家医学科技攻关基金资助项目,Supported by the National Medical Science and Technique Foundation during the 9th Five-Year Plan Period,江苏省科委应用基础基金资助项目,Supported by the Applied Basic Research Programs of Science and Technology Commission Foundation of Jiangsu Province,国家教育部博士点基金资助项目,Supported by the Ph. D.Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China,中国科学院上海分院择优资助项目,upported by the Advanced Programs of Shanghai Branch, the Chinese Academy of Sciences,国家重点基础研究发展计划（973计划),Supported by the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (973 Program),国家杰出青年科学基金,Supported by National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars ,海外香港青年学者合作研究基金,Supported by Abroad Joint Research Fund for Young Scholars of Hong Kong ,中国各类基金资助项目英文翻译（中英文对照）不完全统计表明，国内期刊多习惯于将基金资助项目的信息作为论文首页的脚注，国外期刊则多将其作为“致谢”的一部分标注。
nuclear词根
nuclear词根
"nuclear" 这个词的词根是拉丁语中的"nucleus"，表示核心或中心。
以下是一些与"nuclear" 相关的词汇和术语，它们都源于相同的词根：
1.Nucleus（核心）：原子的中心部分，包含质子和中子，形成原子的核。
2.Nuclear Energy（核能）：利用核反应产生的能量，通常用于发电。
3.Nuclear Power（核电）：利用核能产生的电力。
4.Nuclear Physics（核物理学）：研究原子核和与之相关的物理现象的学科。
5.Nuclear Reaction（核反应）：原子核发生变化的过程，可以释放能量。
6.Nuclear Weapon（核武器）：利用核裂变或核聚变原理制造的用于战争的武器。
7.Nuclear Family（核心家庭）：包括父母和子女的基本家庭单元。
8.Nuclear Medicine（核医学）：利用放射性同位素进行医学诊断和治疗的医学领域。
这些词汇都与核心、中心、核能或原子核有关，反映了"nuclear" 这一词的基本含义。
台湾经济
Today, i want to Introduce economy of taiwanTaiwan has a developed capitalist (资本主义)economy that ranks as the 19th largest in the world in GDP and in nominal（名义上的）terms with gradually decreasing guidance of investment（投资）and foreign trade by the Republic of China government which governs Taiwan. In keeping with this trend, most large government-owned banks and industrial firms have been privatized（使私有化）. Real growth in GDP has averaged about 8% during the past three decades. Exports(出口) have grown even faster and since World War II, have provided the primary impetus （推动）for industrialization（工业化）. Inflation （通货膨胀）and unemployment （失业率）are low; and foreign reserves （外汇储备）are the world's fourth largest. Agriculture contributes 3% to GDP, down from 35% in 1952, and the service sector（服务业）makes up 73% of the economy.【Foreign trade】Foreign trade has been the engine（发动机）of Taiwan's rapid（高速的）growth during the past 40 years. Taiwan's economy remains export-oriented（外向型）, thus it depends on an open world trade regime（政体）and remains vulnerable （脆弱的）to downturns in the world economy. Export composition changed from predominantly （占主导地位的）agricultural commodities to industrial goods . The electronics sector（电子领域）is Taiwan's most important industrial export sector and is the largest recipient of U.S. Investment（投资）. Taiwan, as an independent economy, became a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in January 2002.Taiwan is the world's largest supplier of contract computer chip（集成电路）manufacturing and is a leading LCD panel（液晶显示器）manufacturer,DRAM computer memory, and networking equipment. Textiles(纺织品)are another major industrial export sector。
高能技术革命或将开创“第三核时代”
1968年7月1日，苏联和美国签署《不扩散核武器条约》High Energy Technology Revolution May Start the Third Nuclear Age高能技术革命或将开创“第三核时代”■ 李俊 陈拓 刘泽勋 范怡/航空工业成都所美国战略专家将人类拥有核武器的时代划分为第一核时代和第二核时代。
通过对军事技术发展历程以及未来高能技术发展趋势的分析表明，随着网络技术、安全核能源技术及能量武器技术的深入发展，未来存在开创“第三核时代”的可能。
随着网络技术、安全核能源技术和能量武器技术的工程化和实用化，未来或许可以实现强大、高效、精确的防御体系，对核武器运载平台突防进行有效的抑制，使对核能的利用从武器杀伤端逐渐转向平台能源端，开启人类对核能利用的新时代——第三核时代。
核时代的发展历程第一核时代1945年7月16日，美国成功爆炸第一颗原子弹，成为世界范围内第一个掌握核武器的国家。
1949年8月29日，苏联也成功试爆了原子弹，打破了美国的核垄断。
之后，两国开始了漫长的核对抗。
1953年以前，美国推行的是“核讹诈”战略，将核武器视作一种更具破坏力的武器，替代第二次世界大战中普遍使用的常规武器，1953年以后，美国在“核讹诈”战略的基础上提出了“大规模报复”的战略。
而苏联在打破美国核垄断之后，大力发展核力量，使美国的“大规模报复”战略陷入僵局。
随后，美苏都掌握了热核武器技术，双方相互威慑，并不断扩充各自的核武库。
美国在1967年的库存核弹头总量超过了32000枚，达到了最高峰；而苏联的核武库在1985年达到巅峰，约45000枚。
1962年的古巴导弹危机使美苏都意识到，双方的军事对抗可能会导致核战争，因此有必要在核军控方面达成某种协议，制定出若干限制核军备竞赛的规则，以减少美苏之间爆发核战争的危险，同时还可以防止他国试验并拥有核武器。
此时，双方的主要目的只是限制核武器及核技术的扩散，所以双方仅签订了《不扩散核武器条约》。
浅析台湾当局对大陆首次核试验的认知与反应
中共党史研究２０１７年第８期!"#$%&'()*+,-./01234詹 欣 〔摘要〕对于大陆的核武器计划，台湾当局在与美国展开情报合作的过程中逐渐有所了解，进而一厢情愿地试图与美国合作摧毁大陆核武器基地。
随后，大陆成功进行首次核试验，给台湾当局带来巨大的心理冲击。
对此，蒋介石等试图贬低大陆核能力，继续敦促美国与其合作摧毁大陆核设施，进而在再次遭到拒绝、对美失望之余，开始秘密启动自己的核武器计划。
〔关键词〕大陆核试验；两岸关系；台美关系〔中图分类号〕Ｄ６７５．８；Ｋ２７ 〔文献标志码〕Ａ 〔文章编号〕１００３－３８１５（２０１７）－０８－００７８－０９ＡＢｒｉｅｆＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｔｈｅＵｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄｉｎｇａｎｄＲｅｓｐｏｎｓｅｏｆｔｈｅＴａｉｗａｎＡｕｔｈｏｒｉｔｉｅｓｔｏＭａｉｎｌａｎｄＣｈｉｎａ’ｓＦｉｒｓｔＮｕｃｌｅａｒＴｅｓｔＺｈａｎＸｉｎＡｂｓｔｒａｃｔ：ＴｈｅＴａｉｗａｎａｕｔｈｏｒｉｔｉｅｓ’ｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄｉｎｇｏｆＭａｉｎｌａｎｄＣｈｉｎａ’ｓｎｕｃｌｅａｒ ｗｅａｐｏｎｓｐｒｏｇｒａｍｗａｓｒｏｏｔｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｉｒｉｎｔｅｌｌｉｇｅｎｃｅｃｏｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎｗｉｔｈｔｈｅＵｎｉｔｅｄＳｔａｔｅｓ，ｗｈｅｒｅｂｙｔｈｅｙｈｏｐｅｄｔｏｃｏｏｐｅｒａｔｅｗｉｔｈｔｈｅＵｎｉｔｅｄＳｔａｔｅｓｉｎｏｒ ｄｅｒｔｏｄｅｓｔｒｏｙｔｈｅＭａｉｎｌａｎｄ’ｓｎｕｃｌｅａｒｂａｓｅ．Ｓｕｂｓｅｑｕｅｎｔｌｙ，ＭａｉｎｌａｎｄＣｈｉｎａｓｕｃｃｅｓｓｆｕｌｌｙｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｅｄｉｔｓｆｉｒｓｔｎｕｃｌｅ ａｒｔｅｓｔ，ｗｈｉｃｈｈａｄａｈｕｇｅｐｓｙｃｈｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｉｍｐａｃｔｏｎｔｈｅＴａｉｗａｎａｕｔｈｏｒｉｔｉｅｓ．Ｉｎｔｈｉｓｒｅｇａｒｄ，ＣｈｉａｎｇＫａｉ ｓｈｅｋａｎｄｏｔｈｅｒｓａｔｔｅｍｐｔｅｄｔｏｄｏｗｎｐｌａｙｔｈｅＭａｉｎｌａｎｄ’ｓｎｕｃｌｅａｒｃａｐａｂｉｌｉｔｉｅｓａｎｄｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｅｄｔｏｅｎｃｏｕｒａｇｅＵ．Ｓ．ｃｏｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎｔｏｄｅｓｔｒｏｙＭａｉｎｌａｎｄｎｕｃｌｅａｒｆａｃｉｌｉｔｉｅｓ，ｂｕｔｓｕｃｈａｃｔｉｏｎｓｗｅｒｅｒｅｊｅｃｔｅｄｂｙｔｈｅＵｎｉｔｅｄＳｔａｔｅｓ．Ａｓａｒｅｓｕｌｔｏｆｔｈｅｉｒｄｉｓａｐ ｐｏｉｎｔｍｅｎｔｗｉｔｈｔｈｅＵｎｉｔｅｄＳｔａｔｅｓ，ｔｈｅＴａｉｗａｎａｕｔｈｏｒｉｔｉｅｓｓｅｃｒｅｔｌｙｂｅｇａｎｔｏｉｎｉｔｉａｔｅｔｈｅｉｒｏｗｎｎｕｃｌｅａｒ ｗｅａｐｏｎｓｐｒｏｇｒａｍ． 关于中国大陆首次核试验后，周边国家和地区的认知与反应，相关研究成果已经非常丰富。
游离辐射
說
明
此等地區 民眾癌症 發生率與 一般地區 無明顯差 異
3.3 人造輻射
A. 醫療輻射 醫用X光、放射性治療、核醫藥物…..
B. 工業輻射 核能發電、非破壞性檢驗、厚度計、 密度計、液位計… C. 民生用品輻射 夜光表、煙霧偵檢器、肥料…
3.4 生活中輻射劑量的比較
我國游離輻射防 護法規定一般民 眾之年限制劑量
半衰期 5.3 年 30.0 年 28.1 年 73.8 天
衰減(Attenuation) – 游離輻射都可以經由選定 之屏蔽物質達到衰減其強度 或完全阻擋其穿透之目的
2. 輻射的應用
2.1 醫療應用- 醫用X光、放射性治療、 核醫藥物…..
2.2 輻射照射應用
2.3 各種工業上之輻射應用…..
核融合：
2 2
H + 2H
3 4
He + 1n
H+ H
3
He + n
1
美國普林斯頓大學的Tokamak 核融合測試反應器
1.4 游離輻射的特性 – 衰變 與 衰減
衰變(Decay) – 放射性的物質皆有隨時間而逐漸 減少的現象 (指數衰減定律)
常用射源 60 Co 137 Cs 90 Sr 192 Ir
密度計
液位計
測漏計
厚度計
實驗室及工業上常用的輻射源及其半衰期
工業上常用的輻射源
實驗室常用的標準射源
2.4 核能發電
235U
+n
中子
FP1+ FP2 + 2.4 n + + +…
放射性分裂核種
每一個235U分裂反應的中子淨產生率為約 1.4個中子，若不加以控制將成(1.4)m級數 成長，控制中子淨產生率是核能發電中重 要的控制原理。
有关台湾新闻词汇
关于两岸关系的新闻词汇翻译来源：英语中国网| 时间：3天前| 阅读：47次| [划词已启用]cross-straits relation 台海关系the 1992 consensus “九二共识”Two sides，one China “两岸一中”one country-two systems 一国两制Cross-straits relation 台海关系新闻词汇cross-straits relation 台海关系the 1992 consensus “九二共识”Two sides，one China “两岸一中”one country-two systems 一国两制status quo 现状China…s peaceful reunification.中国和平统一大业peaceful reunification 和平统一harm to bilateral ties 损害双边关系provoke the mainland 挑衅中国大陆a contravention of Taiwanese people's fundamental interests 危害台湾人民的根本利益trigger tension in cross-Straits relations 引发台海紧张局势undermine peace and stability 破坏和平与稳定the separatist nature 分裂者的本质an eight-point statement on the peaceful settlement of the Taiwan question关于和平解决台湾问题的8点声明defensive referendum 台湾防卫性公投Taiwan independence 台独set up a demilitarized zone 建立非军事化区域"peace and stability framework'' 国务院台湾事务办公室"unilaterally change the cross-Straits status quo"单方面改变台海现状the Taiwan Affair Office of the State Council国务院台湾事务办公室“一个中国”政策“One China”policy《中美三个联合公报》the Three Sino-U.S. Joint Communiqués《与台湾关系法》the Taiwan Relations Act台独分子Taiwan's pro-independence“台独”势力pro-independence forces in Taiwan中美关系的基础the premise for Sino-US relations.麦卡锡政策the McCarthy style of the provocative stance全方位的停滞a full-blown deadlock臭名昭著的分裂主义者infamous separatist李登辉Lee Teng-hui陈水扁Chen Shui-bian幕后操纵wire-puller言行一致make their deeds square with their words不应该插手台湾问题keep its hands off Taiwanthe pan-blue camp the pan-blue camp （an alliance between the opposition Kuomintang，People First Party and New Party）泛蓝阵营Kuomintang Party 国民党People First Party 亲民党the pan-green camp the pan-green camp （a pro-independence alliance between the ruling DPP and hardline Taiwan Solidarity Union）泛绿阵营Democratic Progressive Party 民进党Taiwan Solidarity Union 台湾团结联盟。
核科技通用术语
核科技通用术语核科技：nuclear science and technology 核科学与核技术的简称。
1896年法国物理学家贝可勒尔发现了铀的天然放射性，从此人类开始了对原子核的研究，这种研究领域就称为核科学。
核科学的研究对象包括核结构、放射性、核裂变和核聚变等。
涉及到的研究学科有核物理、核化学、加速器、反应堆、核聚变、辐射防护与屏蔽物理、同位素生产与分离、核材料、核医学、核农学等。
核技术是研究如何将核科学研究中所揭示出的原子核变化规律及其固有和伴随产生的物理现象加以实际应用的科学。
核技术应用主要包括核能的利用及同位素和辐照技术的利用。
核能的利用主要是指：（1）利用放射性同位素衰变时放出的能量做成电池，广泛用于宇宙飞船、人造卫星、无人管理的灯塔、心脏起搏器等。
（2）利用重核裂变会放出巨大能量。
核电站、空间堆电源、核供热堆、用于船舶或潜艇的核动力装置，是实际应用这种裂变能的主要代表。
（3）利用轻核裂变时放出的比重核裂变时放出的更加巨大的能量。
聚变堆的研究和开发就是为了利用这一能量。
聚变堆的建成和商业运行将最终解决类所需的能源问题。
因为它所用的燃料（氘和氚）取之于大海。
核能最早是用于军事目的，原子弹就是利用235U或239Pu裂变时放出的巨大能量（瞬间释放出来）制成的。
氢弹的威力要比原子弹大数百倍。
同位素和辐射技术应用主要包括：（1）同位素示踪技术（水资源探测，农业科学研究等）。
（2）辐射加工（电线电缆的绝缘材料改性，热缩管的制备，塑料发泡，表面涂层固化，橡胶辐射硫化，木材-塑料复合材料辐射交联，接枝和降解，离子注入表面改性，半导体生产、辐射保鲜，辐射消毒等）。
（3）同位素仪器仪表（工业检测仪表，探伤机，集装箱检测等）。
（4）核医学方面的应用（医学诊断，放射性免疫分析，肿瘤诊断和治疗用体内和体外放免药物等）。
（5）三废治理和环境保护工作中的应用（电子束除SO2/HOx，污水处理等）。
（6）农学方面的应用（辐射育种、辐射不育灭蝇等）。
氢氧复合疏水催化剂的制备
收稿日期:2002203220; 修订日期:2002211211 作者简介:张红见(1974—),男,河南上蔡人,硕士,核燃料循环与材料专业。
文章编号:025329950(2003)0320146205氢氧复合疏水催化剂的制备张红见,胡石林,吴全锋中国原子能科学研究院反应堆工程设计研究所,北京 102413摘要:以聚苯乙烯2二乙烯基苯(SDB )为载体,用浸渍法研制出常温下在水或100%潮湿气体中都能保持良好活性的疏水性催化剂Pd 2NSDB 。
研究了催化剂制备工艺条件对催化活性的影响。
得出制备Pd 2NSDB 氢氧复合疏水催化剂的条件为:钯负载率为1%,还原时间为8～10h ,还原温度为160～220℃。
混合气体(1.72%H 2,1.47%O 2,平衡气Ar )的空速为60min-1时,所制备的催化剂催化氢氧复合的氢气转化率大于99.9%。
所研制的催化剂可用于复合高浓度氢气甚至纯氢的复合系统中,可以在常温下用冷却水除去反应热,使反应床的温度更易控制,提高了氢气复合反应系统的安全性。
关键词:疏水催化剂;Pd 2NSDB ;氢氧反应;催化活性中图分类号:O615.4 文献标识码:A 氢气易引起爆炸,因此要特别注意安全防护。
消除氢气的方法很多,有直接燃烧法、高温催化复合法和常温催化复合法等[1]。
与直接燃烧法相比,高温催化复合法具有不产生NO x 气体等优点。
文献[2,3]对高温催化复合法进行了研究,但操作温度高,催化剂易失活,而且为了使温度低于氢气的自燃温度(≈585℃),要求稀释进料气体。
文献[4～10]报道了从上世纪70年代开始进行的有关常温下使用疏水性催化剂复合氢氧方面的研究。
由于疏水性催化剂在水或100%潮湿气体中都能保持良好的活性,使常温下氢氧复合反应得以顺利实现,甚至在约80℃下用冷却水除去反应热就可以复合纯氢,使反应床的温度更易控制,大大提高了复合反应系统的安全性。
目前文献侧重于报道钯亲水性催化剂、铂疏水性催化剂的研究,而利用钯金属活性组分开展疏水催化氢氧复合的研究较少。
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Department of Nuclear Generation
173 Laboratory
Department of Nuclear Safety
111 Radiation
Department of Nuclear Backerd Management
70
Nuclear Emergency Preparedness Executive Committee
TPLU
Taipower Nuclear OperationRetrospect
Lacking sufficient local energy resource： 98% of the primary energy depends on import
Petroleum crisis in 1970’s
Nuclear Experience in Taiwan
Taiwan Power Labor Union Yuan Mei-Ling
TPLU
Content
Taiwan and Taipower
An Overview and a Profile
Taipower Nuclear Operation
Chinshan Nuclear Power Station (1st) GE BWR-4 636 MWe x 2 Commercial : # 1 Dec. 1978 # 2 July 1979
Lungmen Nuclear Power Station GE ABWR 1350 MWe x2 Under Construction
Retrospect and Perspective
Lungmen Project Backend Management Initiatives
Concluding Remarks
1
TPLU
Taiwan，ROC
Location: East Asia, Western Pacific Ocean, Around 150 km from China SE coast midway between Japan and the Philippines. Area：35,967 sq km, 394 km long and 144 km wide
Renew and digitize important control systems.
Procure and improve the function of main and start-up transformer.
Fuel failure prevention.
Evaluate the possibility to replace steam generator and RPV head of Third NPP.
9929
9000 8000 7000
8510 7639 7271 6366 6654 6440
– Reduce the impact to the environment – Relief the pressure for storage – Reduce the cost for backend management
Supporting national economy growth
8
–
TPLU
Taipower Nuclear OperationEnhance nuclear operation performance
Enhance the reliability of important to safety equipment.
Major national building project (1978~1985：6 Units)
– –
Nuclear installed capacity 50% in 1985
Creating decades of low electricity rates and low operation cost
implement on-line maintenance. Implement risk-informed ISI & IST. Participate NUPIC organization.
Shortening refueling outage duration
– –
Reducing procurement cost of spare parts
11
TPLU
Increase revenue and rebuild the core value of nuclear power
Power uprating
–
Conduct small range 1.7% power uprating (MUR).
–
Evaluate mid-range (10%) uprate (SPU).
Rationalize nuclear regulation and localize the analyzing technique.
Increase revenue and rebuild the core value of nuclear power. Reduce the volume of Low Level Radwaste. Reinforce nuclear safety culture.
Chinshan Nuclear PWe x 2 Commercial : # 1 Dec. 1978 # 2 July 1979
Lungmen Nuclear Power Station GE ABWR 1350 MWe x2 Under Construction
3
TPLU
The structure of power generation in 2007
Renewable 5.47% (Wind 0.42%, Hydro 5.05%) Renewable 2.39% (Wind 0.21%, Hydro 2.18%) COG 5.86% Coal 23.1% IPP 17.54%
9
TPLU
Enhance the reliability of important to safety equipment
Review critical components which cause Rx scram due to single failure and modify its maintenance & replacement program.
(Coal 10.28%, LNG 7.26%)
IPP 19.0%
(Coal 8.1%, LNG 10.8%)
38.06 GWe
201.9
billion KWh
Coal 33.07%
Oil 9.5% Pumped Storage 6.8%
LNG 22.6%
Nuclear 13.5%
LNG 14.13%
TPLU
Reduce the volume of low level radwaste
The total production of solid radwaste for 2007 has declined to 259 barrels, only 2.6% of the peak production（9929 barrels ） in 1984. Three goals have achieved： 10000
Electricity Generation in 2007
Nuclear Nuclear Cost
Installed Capacity : 5,144 MWe Generation : 38.961 billion kwh Factor: 90.28 % Barrels（6 Units）
Nuclear 19.30%
Oil 5.76%
Pumped Storage 1.94%
Installed Capacity
Energy Production
4
TPLU
TAIPOWER NUCLEAR SYSTEM ORGANIZATION FLOW-CHART Chairman President Vice President
–
Licensing renewal
–
–
Conduct NPP 10-year integral safety analysis.
Conduct time limited integral performance assessment for individual NPP.
12
Improve precision of nuclear fuel design
(include backend) 1.8 US cents/kwh Scram：2 （6 Units）
Capacitor Reactor
LLR：259
Maanshan
Maanshan Nuclear Power Station (3rd) WH PWR 951 MWe x 2 Commercial : # 1 July 1984 # 2 May 1985
Date of establishment：May 1, 1946.
The sole hybrid power enterprise in Taiwan.
Stocks：Government 96.9%, Public 3.1%. Employees：Approximately 26,000. Totally Installed Capacity：38.06 GWe, in 2007. Electricity Production：201.9 billion KWh, in 2007.