非谓语动词考查特点及解题点拨
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非谓语动词考查特点及解题点拨
非谓语动词在英语语言中使用率很高,同时也是中考考考查热点。近几年对非谓语动词的考查更加强调语句的复杂性,综合考查时态、语态、逻辑主语一致性的题目较多。因此,考生必须学会在复杂的语境中选用非谓语动词的适当形式。
【例1】Charles Babbage is generally considered _____the first computer.
A.to have invented
B.inventing
C.to invent
D.having invented
解题点拨:这是一道把动词的用法和非谓语动词的用法结合起来的考题。关键一:表示心理活动的动词在带不定式作宾补时常用to be或to have done,极少用to do sth.的形式。关键二:注意consider的两种用法,consider doing sth.意为“考虑做某事”,consider sb./sth.to be 或consider sb.to have done或其被动式be considered to be/to have done意思是“认为某人/物如何(做了什么)”。依题意可知本题考查第二种用法。
练一练:1)The patient was warned ______oily food after the operation.
A.not eat
B.eating not
C.not to eat
D.not eating
【例2】Do let your mother know all the truth.She appears _______everything.
A.to tell
B.to be told
C.to be telling
D.to have been told
解题点拨:这是一道把语态、时态、和非谓语动词结合起来考查的题目。解这类题一定要注意时态和语态的变化,先于谓语动作发生的非谓语用完成形式。前半句说“一定要告诉你母亲全部真相”,后半句说“看上去她好像已被告知所有情况”,因此选不定式完成形式的被动语态。
练一练:2)The old man is said _____a sailor when he was young.
A.to have been
B.that he was
C.to be
D.of being
【例3】I can hardly imagine Peter ______across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
A.sail
B.to sail
C.sailing
D.to have sailed
解题点拨:本题考查的是动名词的复合结构及动名词作宾语时的情况。动名词复合结构是在动名词前面加名词所有格、名词的普通格、物主代词、人称代词的宾格等。如:
Her not coming made the teacher angry.
Do you object to my brother’s joining you?
Would you mind me(my) opening the window?
本题的解题关键是注意imagine后面只能接动名词作宾语,不用不定式。解此类题时一定要明确动词搭配,记清哪些词接不定式、哪些词接动名词作宾语。
练一练:3)The next morning she found the man _______in bed,dead.
A.lying B.lie
C.lay
D.laying
【例4】______a reply, he decided to write again.
A.Not receiving
B. Receiving not
C. Not having received
D. Having not received
解题点拨:本题是对现在分词作状语的考查。分词作状语时,一是考虑时间性(先后性),究竟使用分词的一般时还是完成时,二是考虑语态性,用主动语态还是用被动语态,三是看分词的逻辑主语是否是句子的主语。本题中receiving的逻辑主语是he,即动作是主语执行的,故语态应为主动语态。题干中的again这一关键信息提示考生,receiving动作发生在decided之前,应用现在分词的完成形式。此外,本题还应该注意现在分词的否定形式的表达方式。现在分词的否定形式是:否定词not必须置于动词-ing形式的前面。
练一练:
4)The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks,_________that he had enjoyed his stay here.
A. having added
B. to add
C.adding
D. added
【例5】When the professor went back to the room,he found an invitation on the desk,_____to give a lecture in Princeton Institute.
A. being invited
B.to be invited
C. inviting him
D.invited
解题点拨:本题的考查目标是现在分词作定语的用法。现在分词作定语,强调动作正在进行,表主动用doing,若表被动则用being done。letter(notice,message,telegram,invitation)等词后常跟-ing形式的动词作定语,表示letter等词的内容。
练一练:
5) -Look! How busy the building workers are!
—Yes,I see.The houses ____by them will be completed next week.
A.built
B. to build
C.being built
D.are being built
【例6】_____ that mistake once,I shall not make the same mistake again.
A.To make
B.Making
C.Having made
D.Made
解题点拨:该题考查的是现在分词的完成时的用法。根据题意“已经出过一次错了,我不想再出同样的错误”,分词的动作先于谓语动词的动作,故要用分词的完成式having made作状语。
练一练: