非谓语动词考查特点及解题点拨

非谓语动词考查特点及解题点拨

非谓语动词在英语语言中使用率很高，同时也是中考考考查热点。近几年对非谓语动词的考查更加强调语句的复杂性，综合考查时态、语态、逻辑主语一致性的题目较多。因此，考生必须学会在复杂的语境中选用非谓语动词的适当形式。

【例1】Charles Babbage is generally considered _____the first computer．

A．to have invented

B．inventing

C．to invent

D．having invented

解题点拨：这是一道把动词的用法和非谓语动词的用法结合起来的考题。关键一：表示心理活动的动词在带不定式作宾补时常用to be或to have done，极少用to do sth．的形式。关键二：注意consider的两种用法，consider doing sth．意为“考虑做某事”，consider sb．／sth．to be 或consider sb．to have done或其被动式be considered to be／to have done意思是“认为某人／物如何(做了什么)”。依题意可知本题考查第二种用法。

练一练：1)The patient was warned ______oily food after the operation．

A．not eat

B．eating not

C．not to eat

D．not eating

【例2】Do let your mother know all the truth．She appears _______everything．

A．to tell

B．to be told

C．to be telling

D．to have been told

解题点拨：这是一道把语态、时态、和非谓语动词结合起来考查的题目。解这类题一定要注意时态和语态的变化，先于谓语动作发生的非谓语用完成形式。前半句说“一定要告诉你母亲全部真相”，后半句说“看上去她好像已被告知所有情况”，因此选不定式完成形式的被动语态。

练一练：2)The old man is said _____a sailor when he was young．

A．to have been

B．that he was

C．to be

D．of being

【例3】I can hardly imagine Peter ______across the Atlantic Ocean in five days．

A．sail

B．to sail

C．sailing

D．to have sailed

解题点拨：本题考查的是动名词的复合结构及动名词作宾语时的情况。动名词复合结构是在动名词前面加名词所有格、名词的普通格、物主代词、人称代词的宾格等。如：

Her not coming made the teacher angry．

Do you object to my brother’s joining you?

Would you mind me(my) opening the window?

本题的解题关键是注意imagine后面只能接动名词作宾语，不用不定式。解此类题时一定要明确动词搭配，记清哪些词接不定式、哪些词接动名词作宾语。

练一练：3)The next morning she found the man _______in bed，dead．

A．lying B．lie

C．lay

D．laying

【例4】______a reply, he decided to write again．

A．Not receiving

B. Receiving not

C. Not having received

D. Having not received

解题点拨：本题是对现在分词作状语的考查。分词作状语时，一是考虑时间性(先后性)，究竟使用分词的一般时还是完成时，二是考虑语态性，用主动语态还是用被动语态，三是看分词的逻辑主语是否是句子的主语。本题中receiving的逻辑主语是he，即动作是主语执行的，故语态应为主动语态。题干中的again这一关键信息提示考生，receiving动作发生在decided之前，应用现在分词的完成形式。此外，本题还应该注意现在分词的否定形式的表达方式。现在分词的否定形式是：否定词not必须置于动词-ing形式的前面。

练一练：

4)The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks，_________that he had enjoyed his stay here．

A. having added

B. to add

C．adding

D. added

【例5】When the professor went back to the room，he found an invitation on the desk，_____to give a lecture in Princeton Institute．

A. being invited

B．to be invited

C. inviting him

D．invited

解题点拨：本题的考查目标是现在分词作定语的用法。现在分词作定语，强调动作正在进行，表主动用doing，若表被动则用being done。letter(notice，message，telegram，invitation)等词后常跟-ing形式的动词作定语，表示letter等词的内容。

练一练：

5) -Look! How busy the building workers are!

—Yes，I see．The houses ____by them will be completed next week.

A．built

B. to build

C．being built

D．are being built

【例6】_____ that mistake once，I shall not make the same mistake again.

A．To make

B．Making

C．Having made

D．Made

解题点拨：该题考查的是现在分词的完成时的用法。根据题意“已经出过一次错了，我不想再出同样的错误”，分词的动作先于谓语动词的动作，故要用分词的完成式having made作状语。

练一练：