ing用法

The bridge _bu_i_lt_ last year is two kilometers long.
The bridge t_o_b_e_b_u_ilt next year will be two kilometers long.
V-ing与V-ed作定语的区别：
表示心理状态的动词：excite, interest, inspire, encourage, frighten, move, please, puzzle, surprise, tire, worry.
D. running; surprising
• I would have him _____ for me at the school gate.
A. wait B. waits C. waiting D. waited
3.V-ing 作主语：
1. Reading aloud is important in learning a foreign language.
V-ing被动式：being done
being done --表达的动作与谓语动词同时发生，正在进行.
done --动作发生在谓语动词之前，完成了的动作 --动作发生在谓语动词之后，未来的动作用 to be done.
The bridge b_e_in_g b_u_ilt now is two kilometers long.
（2）有些动词既可接动名词又可 接不定式作宾语，意义上没有什
么区别。 如：begin, start, like, love, prefer
V-ing表示一般概念或经常性、习惯性的 动作；
to V 表示具体的一次性动作。
（3）某物作主语时，谓语动词 need, want, require等之后的宾语 用V-ing 的主动形式，或者用不定
式的被动形式。
e.g. Something needs to be done = something needs doing
(4)意义上有较大差异的用法
to do (动作未发生) • remember/ forget/ regret
to do (企图做) • try
doing (试着做)
doing (动作已发生)
1.I saw him putting his hand into his pocket. 我 看见他正把手伸进口袋。
2.I saw him put his hand into his pocket and took out some coins. 我看见他把手伸进口袋 掏出了一些硬币。
3.The lecturer soon got us thinking. 演说的人很 快使我们思考起来。
4.I must get someone to cut my hair. 我得找人 把我的头发理一下。
Exercise:
• Did you notice the boy____ at a ____ speed?
A. run; surprise
B. running; surprised
C. run; surprising
Do more EX.
Please do some Ex. on your exercise material.
If you have any questions, welcome to my office to ask!
能跟V-ing作宾语补足语的常见动词有:
find 、
“一发现、
hear、listen to、
两听、
look at、see、watch、 三看、
have、 get 、 make、 三让、
leave, keep, notice、feel 留下，保持注
意感觉”
其中大多数表示该动作正在进行；
Have , make, leave, keep表示“使……处于某 种状态”
1.作定语 V-ing 用法
2.作宾补 3.作主语 4.作宾语 5.作表语
v-ing形式，有两大类：一类称为现在 分词，另一类称为动名词。
• v-ing形式（动名词）作定语时，表示它所修饰的 名词的用途。如： a dining car（= a car for dining）餐车
• 另一类v-ing形式（现在分词）作定语时，表示它 所修饰的名词正在进行的动作。如： a sleeping baby（= a baby who is sleeping）一 个正在睡觉的孩子。
1.V-ing 作定语：
表“供作……之用”(used for) 表“……的”意思， 1) a walking stick :
a stick used for walking a waiting room:
a room used for waiting 2) a sleeping boy :
a boy who is sleeping a waiting taxi :
*It’s very cold here. Would you mind closing the window?
*At the age of twelve, Edison began selling newspapers on a train.
（1）中学课本中25个只能接V-ing形式 作宾语而不能接to do的词或短语
V-ing作宾补与 do作宾补的区别：
We saw them walking across the road. (表动作正在进行) We saw them walk across the road. (表过马路这一动作已完成)
现在分词作宾语补足语的特征。
（1）现在分词作宾补，同宾语具有逻辑上的主 谓关系，即宾语是现在分词动作的实施者。 例：His words make me thinking. 他的话使我 深思。（thinking的实施者是宾语me） （2）有些动词后虽可接不定式作宾补，在一般 情况下是有差别的，差别在于：不定式作宾补， 表示动作的完成状态（或尚未发生）；现在分 词作宾补，表示动作的进行状态。试比较：
to do (继续做另一件事）
• go on doing (继续做同一件事)
to do (开始做) • stop
doing (停止做)
to do (不能帮忙做) • can’t help
doing (禁不住做)
to do (打算) • mean
doing (意味着)
5.V-ing 作表语：
• 一般表示比较抽象的习惯性动作，表语和主 语常常可以互换位置。
2. Talking is easier than doing.
也可以用it来作形式主语，动名词作真正的 主语。
3. It’s no good chatting in the class.
4. I don’t think it’s much use writing to him.
4.V-ing 作宾语：
a taxi which is waiting
V-ing被动式：being done 1) the rising sun; the changing world 2) the boy beating the drums
the boy being beaten
the poem _____(reading, being read) aloud The people ____(performing, being performed) all play different instruments.
人作主语时，表语常用它们的V-ed形式； 物作主语时，表语常用它们的V-ing形式。 the ______(excited, exciting) audience a ______ (tired, tiring) lecture
2. V-ing作宾补：
表示V-ing与宾o men running out of the shop. 2)We heard her singing in her room. 3)I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.
• His duty is cleaning the playground. • 动名词作表语与不定式作表语的区别 *（前后要一致）
Seeing is believing. (To see is to believe.) * (V-ing，接近名词，表示抽象的动作或者一
种习惯；to do不定式，接近动词，表示某个 具体的动作，特别是将来或尚未发生的动 作。)
请做笔记！
喜欢考虑不可免 enjoy, consider, escape 停止放弃太冒险 stop, give up, risk 承认理解很值得 admit, understand, be worth 反对想象莫推延 mind, imagine, delay, put off
要求完成是期望 require, finish, look forward to 建议继续勤操练 suggest, go on, practise 不禁原谅要坚持 can’t help, excuse, insist on 继续注意便成功 keep on, mind, succeed in