英语写作之议论文写作课件PPT
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英语写作之议论文写作PPT课件
议论文要有三部分构成: 论点、论据和论证。
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议论文的标题
议论文的标题必须反映出议论的主题或作者的论点。所以， 常用以下几种形式的标题： 1）疑问句：这类标题本身就体现了争论的焦点。例如：Who Influence Young Children Most? Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? Can Money Buy Happiness? 2）陈述句：这类标题本身就是议论文的论点。例如：Parents Are Spoiling Their Children, Rock Music Is Rotting Our Kids’ Mind等。 3）名词短语：这类标题没体现出论点，而是只提供了引论的 主题。例如：Computer Games, Positive and Negative Aspects of Sports, My View on the Negative Effects of Some Advertisements等。 4）介词短语：这类标题通常由介词on, toward等引出议论的 话题。例如：On Reading, Toward a Good Teacher-Student Relationship等。
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2）问题解决型议论文
❖问题解决型议论文是遵循： 提出问题——分析问题——解决问题的基 本步骤进行的。审题时要弄清什么样的现 象，第二部分要给出具体原因，第三部分 给出相应对策。为了使文章有序，最好用 firstly, secondly, finally etc.的过渡词。
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•采用句型： 描述问题 1) Although…has brought convenience to us, many people have begun to realize that it is the source of trouble as well. 2) In recent years, many cities/nations/people have been faced/troubled with the serious problem of… 3) With the increasingly rapid economic globalization and urbanization, more problems are brought to our attention. 4) Thanks to China’s reform and opening-up policy, the past two decades have witnessed great economic development and social transformation. 5)With the rapid development/improvement of economy, great changes have taken place in… 6)There is no denying the fact that… has become the most concern among people nowadays.
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2
议论文的标题
议论文的标题必须反映出议论的主题或作者的论点。所以， 常用以下几种形式的标题： 1）疑问句：这类标题本身就体现了争论的焦点。例如：Who Influence Young Children Most? Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? Can Money Buy Happiness? 2）陈述句：这类标题本身就是议论文的论点。例如：Parents Are Spoiling Their Children, Rock Music Is Rotting Our Kids’ Mind等。 3）名词短语：这类标题没体现出论点，而是只提供了引论的 主题。例如：Computer Games, Positive and Negative Aspects of Sports, My View on the Negative Effects of Some Advertisements等。 4）介词短语：这类标题通常由介词on, toward等引出议论的 话题。例如：On Reading, Toward a Good Teacher-Student Relationship等。
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14
2）问题解决型议论文
❖问题解决型议论文是遵循： 提出问题——分析问题——解决问题的基 本步骤进行的。审题时要弄清什么样的现 象，第二部分要给出具体原因，第三部分 给出相应对策。为了使文章有序，最好用 firstly, secondly, finally etc.的过渡词。
-
15
•采用句型： 描述问题 1) Although…has brought convenience to us, many people have begun to realize that it is the source of trouble as well. 2) In recent years, many cities/nations/people have been faced/troubled with the serious problem of… 3) With the increasingly rapid economic globalization and urbanization, more problems are brought to our attention. 4) Thanks to China’s reform and opening-up policy, the past two decades have witnessed great economic development and social transformation. 5)With the rapid development/improvement of economy, great changes have taken place in… 6)There is no denying the fact that… has become the most concern among people nowadays.
英语议论文写作PPT课件
reading to understand me?”
.
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Don’t forget – your reader has to understand the logic of your argument before he or she can agree with it, so you should make it as easy to understand as possible.
• Try writing down all of the pros and cons in a table, and choose the best ones.
• Ask yourself, “How can I
arrange these ideas so that it
will be easy for the person
• How many people the topic affects or which people it affects
• How the pros outweigh the cons or how the cons outweigh the pros
.
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Possible Topics
Choose one of the following to write about, and write an essay discussing its pros and cons, and whether you think it is good or bad, overall. You must take a side:
Your conclusion should
• state your opinion
• mention both the pros and the cons
英语议论文写作 ppt课件
Mere statements of facts仅仅评论事实 Statements of personal preference个
人经历的评论 Viewpoints that are generally
accepted or can be easily verified观点 可以大提升被接受或者容易阐述
The thesis statement should guide your reader through your argument.论点句应该通 过议论来引导读者
The thesis statement is generally located in the introduction of the paper.论点句通常在文章 的引言部分
英语议论文写作 ppt课件
Contents
What is argumentation and persuasion何为论证与说服
Strategies for using argumentation and persuasion使用论证与说服的策略
What Argumentation Is所谓论证就是
Considering the audience 考虑受众
Thinking logically 逻辑思考
Argumentation
The purpose of argumentation议论的目的
Persuade reasonable people to agree with the opinion说服理性的人们同意（作者的）观点
Defend an opinion, to establish its validity even if others cannot be persuaded to agree守护一个观点，即使其他人不能被说服同意 的时候也能建立该观点的效力
人经历的评论 Viewpoints that are generally
accepted or can be easily verified观点 可以大提升被接受或者容易阐述
The thesis statement should guide your reader through your argument.论点句应该通 过议论来引导读者
The thesis statement is generally located in the introduction of the paper.论点句通常在文章 的引言部分
英语议论文写作 ppt课件
Contents
What is argumentation and persuasion何为论证与说服
Strategies for using argumentation and persuasion使用论证与说服的策略
What Argumentation Is所谓论证就是
Considering the audience 考虑受众
Thinking logically 逻辑思考
Argumentation
The purpose of argumentation议论的目的
Persuade reasonable people to agree with the opinion说服理性的人们同意（作者的）观点
Defend an opinion, to establish its validity even if others cannot be persuaded to agree守护一个观点，即使其他人不能被说服同意 的时候也能建立该观点的效力
英语议论文写作课件
out.
Appreciation and imitation
1.There is no denying that education is benIt is universally acknowledged that education is very important to us.
The outline of the writing:
Introduction paragraph: …
Body
Point 1… Point 2…
supporting idea 1 supporting idea 2 supporting idea 1
supporting idea 2
Conclusion paragraph: …
Sentence pattern:
However, others prefer to…
Some others have just the opposite opinion…..
On the other hand…. Eg: On the other hand, about 45% students
are against the idea.
Reason 1: 高考临近, 没有心情玩
Sentence pattern:
They say/believe/hold the opinion… that….
Eg: They say that with college entrance examination drawing near, they don’t feel like going anywhere.
How to avoid Chinglish
1.In the football match, our class won Class 4. 2.When you come, give me a telephone. 3.I am very miss you. 4.I have 180cm tall and my body is very good. 5.Outside is very cold.You had better not go
Appreciation and imitation
1.There is no denying that education is benIt is universally acknowledged that education is very important to us.
The outline of the writing:
Introduction paragraph: …
Body
Point 1… Point 2…
supporting idea 1 supporting idea 2 supporting idea 1
supporting idea 2
Conclusion paragraph: …
Sentence pattern:
However, others prefer to…
Some others have just the opposite opinion…..
On the other hand…. Eg: On the other hand, about 45% students
are against the idea.
Reason 1: 高考临近, 没有心情玩
Sentence pattern:
They say/believe/hold the opinion… that….
Eg: They say that with college entrance examination drawing near, they don’t feel like going anywhere.
How to avoid Chinglish
1.In the football match, our class won Class 4. 2.When you come, give me a telephone. 3.I am very miss you. 4.I have 180cm tall and my body is very good. 5.Outside is very cold.You had better not go
英语议论文写作PPT课件
CHENLI
4
Supporting Paragraphs (Body) Paragraphs
TS
Firstly, ... Secondly, ...
SS Moreover, ...
SS Finally, . . .
SS
However, ... In addition, …
SS
Furthermore, ...
CHENLI
8
Topic sentence:________________
Wherever you go in our school, you see
green lawns and trees and beautiful
flowers. Dotted among these trees and
flowers are many buildings of different
正确使用有关连接词
时间先后： first, then, later, in the end, eventually,
since then, after a while
转折关系：but, however, on the contrary, nevertheless 因果关系：because, since, as, thanks to, owing to, as
CHENLI
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（三） 适当利用短语取代单词
总体而言，使用短语的难度比单词要大一些，
因此适当运用短语更能显出作者的功力。例
•
如：
1. Suddenly I had a good idea.
• (换作短语：Suddenly I me up with a good
idea.)
英语议论文写作指导共张课件
英语议论文写作指导共张
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议论文高考常用句式模板
主体：陈述不同观点及其理由
表示赞同： be for, be in favour of, agree with, approve of
表示反对： don’t agree with, disagree, be against the idea
表示理由： because, for, they say, saying that, for the reason that
成一种看法．
英语议论文写作指导共张
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你班学生对于网上交友持不同的意见．请用英语写一篇学生网上 交友的短文，介绍同学们的不同观点，并表达自己的观点．
赞成的理由
１．广交朋友 ２．可自由表达思想 ３．利于外语学习
反对的理由
１．浪费时间 ２．影响学习 ３．可能上当受骗
你的看法
英语议论文写作指导共张
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注意：1. 词数：100～120。开头已给出，不计入总词数。
英语议论文写作指导示正反两面看问题的句子 Views on the issue in question vary from person to person. 对该问题的看法因人而异。 Attitudes towards this hot topic differ widely. 人们对此热点话题态度不一。
2. 内容丰富，行文连贯。
Nowadays many students prefer to make friends online.
Today our class has a discussion about whether students should
make friends online.
___________________________
英语议论文写作 ppt课件
⑤ We should……，which, of course, will
benefit ……
PPT课件
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四. 衔 接 词
表列举：first(ly), second(ly), third(ly), last(ly);
in the first/second/third place;
Above all、first of all
though、even if
表对比：on the one hand…on the other hand；
PPT课件
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For one thing…for another…
表原因：because、 as、since、because of、now that、thanks to、due to、owing to、as a result of 表结果：therefore、thus、as a result、so 表结论：in a word、in brief、in general、in short、in conclusion、on the whole、to sum up、
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place...
板 What's more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由)
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the
disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I
第三段：阐述提纲中列举的第二种看法，给出理由或者举 例说明:主题句＋理由
PPT课件
第四段：得出结论，画龙点睛，结束全文（表明自己观点） 9
《英语议论文写作》课件
运用修辞手法，如比喻和夸张， 增加文笔的生动性。
使用逻辑推理来展示清晰而有 条理的思维。
道德考虑
诚信原则
遵守诚实和诚信的写作原则，维护学术道德。
平衡立场
在辩论中保持平衡，充分考虑不同观点。
尊重他人
避免使用冒犯性语言或攻击他人的观点。
成功的议论文范例
1
语言表达
展示一个语言流畅、条理清晰的范例。
2
论点支持
3
推翻错误观点
通过提供更准确的事实和证据来推翻 错误观点。
写作困惑归纳
1 常见错误
避免常见的写作错误， 提高论文质量。
2 争议话题
处理有争议的话题时的 写作技巧和注意事项。
3 引起兴趣
吸引和保持读者的兴趣 的一些技巧。
写作技巧与策略
说服技巧
使用有说服力的词汇和句子结 构来增强论点。
修辞手法
逻辑推理
问答和与讲师讨论
最后的问答环节，参与者可以提问并与讲师及其他学习者进行讨论。
范例中使用了多种支持论点的方法。
3
结构组织
范例展示了正确的论文结构和段落组织。
进一步提高
1 资源推荐
2 自我修正
了解更多关于写作有说服力的论文的资源。
学习自我编辑和修正论文的技巧。
3 写作社区
参与写作社区，和其他学习者交流和分享经验。
总结和回顾
回顾本课程中涵盖的重点内容，并强调写作有说服力的论文的重要性。
《英语议论文写作》PPT 课件
本PPT课件将引导您了解写作有说服力的论文的基本技巧，包括针对不同目 的和受众的写作策略、构建强有力的段落、使用有效的语言、以及应对反驳 等。让我们开始吧！
了解写作有说服力的论文
英语议论文写作指导(共26张PPT)
Use proper grammar and Ensurpe uthnatcytouurasetnitoennces
are grammatically correct and use appropriate punctuation marks to clarify your meaning.
How to maintain clear and concise language
Use persuasive phrases
Use phrases that are designed to persuade your reader. For example, you can use phrases like "it is evident that," "it is clear that," or "there is no doubt that" to strengthen your argument.
定义
Argumentative essay，又称议论性文章，是一种阐述观点、论证论题的写作形式。 其主要目的是通过逻辑推理和事实证据来支持或反驳某一观点，从而说服读者。
重要性
Argumentative essays在学术和日常生活中都非常重要。在学术领域，它们是 评估学生批判性思维和表达能力的重要方式。在日常生活中，良好的议论文写作 能力有助于我们清晰地表达观点，说服他人，以及解决问题。
supporting your overall argument.
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The arguments of argumentative essays
How to use facts and data as evidence
英语议论文写作-课件ppt
and, for example, In addition(此外）， What’s more!
besides， What’s worse! Worst of all.
设计意图： 让学生复 习并巩固 关联词、 过渡句等， 为后面的 写作做准 备。
预习检测2：
T or F
1.WeChat is convenient. T
让学生从思想上引起重视。
写作练习
微信是腾讯公司2011年推出的一款聊天软件。 现在几乎所有使用智能手机的用户都在使用。它 在为人们提供了便捷沟通方式的同时，也带来了 一些问题。作为中学生，你能谈谈自己对微信的 看法吗？
要求：1.句子结构完整，条理清晰，文体规范
2.至少80词
1.判断文体：议论文
2.思考方向：利+弊
friends.
advantages
支撑句supporting sentences
2
TS
归纳2： We can be cheated if
思想的火花1：We’d better not
词
.
句
.
disadvantages
思想的火花2：Never accept strangers’ invitation to go out.
五.说教学步骤
Step3: 导学案反馈：
Feedback of the prepared case.
设计意图： 检查学生的课前自主预习情况，了解 学生已知晓的知识，反映出学生错误， 并有针对性的教学。
导学案反馈：
小组 一组 二组 三组 四组 五组 六组
完成情况
☺优秀：3组、5组 优秀个人：
不理想：6组 不理想个人：
1.Be able to speak and
besides， What’s worse! Worst of all.
设计意图： 让学生复 习并巩固 关联词、 过渡句等， 为后面的 写作做准 备。
预习检测2：
T or F
1.WeChat is convenient. T
让学生从思想上引起重视。
写作练习
微信是腾讯公司2011年推出的一款聊天软件。 现在几乎所有使用智能手机的用户都在使用。它 在为人们提供了便捷沟通方式的同时，也带来了 一些问题。作为中学生，你能谈谈自己对微信的 看法吗？
要求：1.句子结构完整，条理清晰，文体规范
2.至少80词
1.判断文体：议论文
2.思考方向：利+弊
friends.
advantages
支撑句supporting sentences
2
TS
归纳2： We can be cheated if
思想的火花1：We’d better not
词
.
句
.
disadvantages
思想的火花2：Never accept strangers’ invitation to go out.
五.说教学步骤
Step3: 导学案反馈：
Feedback of the prepared case.
设计意图： 检查学生的课前自主预习情况，了解 学生已知晓的知识，反映出学生错误， 并有针对性的教学。
导学案反馈：
小组 一组 二组 三组 四组 五组 六组
完成情况
☺优秀：3组、5组 优秀个人：
不理想：6组 不理想个人：
1.Be able to speak and
初中英语议论文写作 PPT课件 图文
6. Personally , I support the idea that…
The reasons are presented below. (我的观点是…, 论据如下…)
3 说明利弊型
Nowadays … is becoming more and more popular. It has many advantages . First, 优点1… Besides, 优点2…
prefer?”请你依据下面表格所提供的要点写一篇短
文，向该报社投稿。参考词汇：耐心的patient;精
力充沛的energetic; 创造性的creative
老年教师
青年教师
·教学耐心．讲 ·精力充沛．教学活 解细致．经验丰 泼．勇于创新 富
你的观点?
check
include enough information?
As a result, they have difficulty in understanding what the native speakers are talking about.
Third, they may get into trouble when dealing with various situations for lack of knowledge of the customs in the strange land. Furthermore, the cost of living is much higher than that in our country, which might cause a heavy burden to the family.
2. Therefore , it is easy to draw/come ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้o the conclusion that …
The reasons are presented below. (我的观点是…, 论据如下…)
3 说明利弊型
Nowadays … is becoming more and more popular. It has many advantages . First, 优点1… Besides, 优点2…
prefer?”请你依据下面表格所提供的要点写一篇短
文，向该报社投稿。参考词汇：耐心的patient;精
力充沛的energetic; 创造性的creative
老年教师
青年教师
·教学耐心．讲 ·精力充沛．教学活 解细致．经验丰 泼．勇于创新 富
你的观点?
check
include enough information?
As a result, they have difficulty in understanding what the native speakers are talking about.
Third, they may get into trouble when dealing with various situations for lack of knowledge of the customs in the strange land. Furthermore, the cost of living is much higher than that in our country, which might cause a heavy burden to the family.
2. Therefore , it is easy to draw/come ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้o the conclusion that …
英语议论文ppt课件
如果担心字数不够可以在 "First and foremost" 前面加上 Two arguments can be listed to support this view/Reasons can be listed as follows: 对于词数要求在300以上时，可列举三个论据，举两个例子用开 扩充文章。
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（二）写作模板：
第一段：① 引言； ② 通俗含义；③ 有何启发
As the saying/remark/proverb/quotation has it (goes): ① ——— . In other words/To put it another way, ② —— — ；Simple as the saying/remark/proverb /quotation may sound ,it conveys a thought-provoking notion/message that ③ ———. ★ As the saying/remark/proverb/quotation has it (goes): ——— .可以替换为：
for the festival.(比喻) 孩子们准备过节忙得像蜜蜂一样。
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◆ 表达到位，才能看得明白
通常，作者对自己论述的观点是清楚的，但在将 观点传达给读者时，往往因为用词不准确，逻辑欠严 密，或因受中国式思维的干扰而令表达不到位，结果 使读者不知所云。
Example： They gave me what I need，but not what I want．
How to write an argumentation
（如何书写议论文）
第一组:曹世江 学号：2015221166
1
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（二）写作模板：
第一段：① 引言； ② 通俗含义；③ 有何启发
As the saying/remark/proverb/quotation has it (goes): ① ——— . In other words/To put it another way, ② —— — ；Simple as the saying/remark/proverb /quotation may sound ,it conveys a thought-provoking notion/message that ③ ———. ★ As the saying/remark/proverb/quotation has it (goes): ——— .可以替换为：
for the festival.(比喻) 孩子们准备过节忙得像蜜蜂一样。
12
◆ 表达到位，才能看得明白
通常，作者对自己论述的观点是清楚的，但在将 观点传达给读者时，往往因为用词不准确，逻辑欠严 密，或因受中国式思维的干扰而令表达不到位，结果 使读者不知所云。
Example： They gave me what I need，but not what I want．
How to write an argumentation
（如何书写议论文）
第一组:曹世江 学号：2015221166
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议论文的要素之一 ——论点 任何一篇议论文必须有论点。议论文的论点是 指作者在文章中所表明的主张、见解或观点， 它是议论文的核心内容，是议论文的纲。议论 文对论点的要求是：正确、鲜明、新颖。议论 文的论点通常用I believe, as far as I’m concerned, in my opinion, to my mind, however, yet, unfortunately等词语引出。有时，作者不使用 这些词语，而是直接表达自己的观点。
设问作答：这种方法是先提出一个问题，让人思索，不等找到答案，论 点自然道出。同样是以上题目，也可以这样引出论点：Why do we study English? Do we study English to pass the tests? Do we study English because we like it? After reflecting on these questions, I have realized that we study English for several reasons.
议论文要有三部分构成: 论点、论据和论证。
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议论文的标题
议论文的标题必须反映出议论的主题或作者的论点。所以， 常用以下几种形式的标题： 1）疑问句：这类标题本身就体现了争论的焦点。例如：Who Influence Young Children Most? Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? Can Money Buy Happiness? 2）陈述句：这类标题本身就是议论文的论点。例如： Parents Are Spoiling Their Children, Rock Music Is Rotting Our Kids’ Mind等。 3）名词短语：这类标题没体现出论点，而是只提供了引论的 主题。例如：Computer Games, Positive and Negative Aspects of Sports, My View on the Negative Effects of Some Advertisements等。 4）介词短语：这类标题通常由介词on, toward等引出议论的 话题。例如：On Reading, Toward a Good Teacher-Student Relationship等。
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开门见山：文章一开始就提出作者的观点。比如，在写一篇题为Why Do We Study English?的议论文时，可以直接开门见山：We study English
to communicate with more people, not just to pass the various English tests.
transportation means. d. I think cooperation is very important in our work. e. I believe we should have more fast food restaurants
in big cities.
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2）论点必须鲜明，不能含含糊糊 在开始学习议论文写作时，最好把论点放在开头， 因为这样做能达到开宗明义、开门见山的效果， 也为后面的论述创造条件。尤其是在考试中，一 篇议论文的字数不多，应尽快地摆出论点，使文 章中心明确，更应该把论点置于文章的开头。议 论文开头的写法也不是千篇一律。以下是常用的 几种方法：
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请看以下分析： a. I think, in China, the examination score is regarded
as important in making a decision. b. In my opinion, it is not easy to achieve success. c. To my mind, taxis have become an important
Lecture 7 Argumentation
1
Concept and Basic Structure
议论文的概念 议论文就是运用一定的材料，通过一定的论证 方法来表明自己的立场、观点和态度的文章。 议论文与说明文密切相关。二者的相似之处在 于：都有说理成分，都是解释某个事实或某个 思想的文体。 区别：说明文是客观的解释说 明某一事物、观点等。而议论文则通过作者主 观上的说理和论证来影响读者的思想和行动。
引用入题：先引述名言或当事人的话语，再联系自己做一番发挥，提出 论点。以上题目，也可以这样引出论点：Many years ago, English writer Rudyard Kipling said, “East is East, and West is West and never the twain shall meet.” But truth is, nowadays Easterners and Westerners meet quite often…
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议论文的要素之二 ——论据 论据是论证过程必备的手段。没有论据的论证 空洞无物，形似枯槁。论据的来源有：事实依 据（例证法）、数据显示、名言警句、格言、 科学理论、专家见解等。
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ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
1）议论文的论点必须是可争辩的。 例如，I don’t think euthanasia is humane和I believe that issuing lottery tickets is a good way to collect funds for social welfare projects都是可争议 的论点。相反，事实、个人偏爱、或已被科学 证实为人们普遍接受的观点通常都是不可争辩 的，因此不是好的论点。例如，language is a tool for communication, my favorite food is fish, pollution is harmful to people’s health都不适合做 论点。
议论文的要素之一 ——论点 任何一篇议论文必须有论点。议论文的论点是 指作者在文章中所表明的主张、见解或观点， 它是议论文的核心内容，是议论文的纲。议论 文对论点的要求是：正确、鲜明、新颖。议论 文的论点通常用I believe, as far as I’m concerned, in my opinion, to my mind, however, yet, unfortunately等词语引出。有时，作者不使用 这些词语，而是直接表达自己的观点。
设问作答：这种方法是先提出一个问题，让人思索，不等找到答案，论 点自然道出。同样是以上题目，也可以这样引出论点：Why do we study English? Do we study English to pass the tests? Do we study English because we like it? After reflecting on these questions, I have realized that we study English for several reasons.
议论文要有三部分构成: 论点、论据和论证。
2
议论文的标题
议论文的标题必须反映出议论的主题或作者的论点。所以， 常用以下几种形式的标题： 1）疑问句：这类标题本身就体现了争论的焦点。例如：Who Influence Young Children Most? Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? Can Money Buy Happiness? 2）陈述句：这类标题本身就是议论文的论点。例如： Parents Are Spoiling Their Children, Rock Music Is Rotting Our Kids’ Mind等。 3）名词短语：这类标题没体现出论点，而是只提供了引论的 主题。例如：Computer Games, Positive and Negative Aspects of Sports, My View on the Negative Effects of Some Advertisements等。 4）介词短语：这类标题通常由介词on, toward等引出议论的 话题。例如：On Reading, Toward a Good Teacher-Student Relationship等。
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开门见山：文章一开始就提出作者的观点。比如，在写一篇题为Why Do We Study English?的议论文时，可以直接开门见山：We study English
to communicate with more people, not just to pass the various English tests.
transportation means. d. I think cooperation is very important in our work. e. I believe we should have more fast food restaurants
in big cities.
6
2）论点必须鲜明，不能含含糊糊 在开始学习议论文写作时，最好把论点放在开头， 因为这样做能达到开宗明义、开门见山的效果， 也为后面的论述创造条件。尤其是在考试中，一 篇议论文的字数不多，应尽快地摆出论点，使文 章中心明确，更应该把论点置于文章的开头。议 论文开头的写法也不是千篇一律。以下是常用的 几种方法：
5
请看以下分析： a. I think, in China, the examination score is regarded
as important in making a decision. b. In my opinion, it is not easy to achieve success. c. To my mind, taxis have become an important
Lecture 7 Argumentation
1
Concept and Basic Structure
议论文的概念 议论文就是运用一定的材料，通过一定的论证 方法来表明自己的立场、观点和态度的文章。 议论文与说明文密切相关。二者的相似之处在 于：都有说理成分，都是解释某个事实或某个 思想的文体。 区别：说明文是客观的解释说 明某一事物、观点等。而议论文则通过作者主 观上的说理和论证来影响读者的思想和行动。
引用入题：先引述名言或当事人的话语，再联系自己做一番发挥，提出 论点。以上题目，也可以这样引出论点：Many years ago, English writer Rudyard Kipling said, “East is East, and West is West and never the twain shall meet.” But truth is, nowadays Easterners and Westerners meet quite often…
8
议论文的要素之二 ——论据 论据是论证过程必备的手段。没有论据的论证 空洞无物，形似枯槁。论据的来源有：事实依 据（例证法）、数据显示、名言警句、格言、 科学理论、专家见解等。
4
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
1）议论文的论点必须是可争辩的。 例如，I don’t think euthanasia is humane和I believe that issuing lottery tickets is a good way to collect funds for social welfare projects都是可争议 的论点。相反，事实、个人偏爱、或已被科学 证实为人们普遍接受的观点通常都是不可争辩 的，因此不是好的论点。例如，language is a tool for communication, my favorite food is fish, pollution is harmful to people’s health都不适合做 论点。