化学化工专业英语 教材课件 11-13课件
化学化工专业英语.ppt
词
• 单词是构成句子的基本要素之一，因此， 单词的翻译直接关系到句子3.1.1 可数名词复数前没有数量词时，一般要 把复数含义翻译出来，即在名词前加译“一 些，这些，许多”等词，例如： • The teacher may be asked questions. 可以向老师提一些问题。 • Our first electronic computers were made in 1958. 我国首批电子计算机是1958年制成的。 • we are students of Henan University. 我们是河南大学的学生。
3.1.3 a(an)+名词（可数，不可数）单数表示“一类” 时，不能译出不定冠词“a(an)”
Salts may also be found by the replacement of hydrogen from an acid with a metal. 盐也能通过用金属置换酸中的氢而获得。
An acid was once defined as a substance that would form hydrogen ions(H+) in water solution and a base as one that would form hydroxide ions(OH-) in the same. 人们曾把酸定义为在水溶液中能产生氢离子的 物质，而碱则是在同样溶液中会产生氢氧根离子 的物质。
• 注：对于billion及其以上的数字，英语和美语的 译法不同，翻译时应视此句出于何种国家的刊物 而定。 英语 美语 million 106 106 billion 1012（万亿） 109（十亿） trillion 1018（百万兆） 1012（兆,百万个百万） quadrillion 1024（百万的四次方）1015（一千的五次方） quintillion 1030（百万的五次方） 1018（百万之三次方）
化学化工专业英语课件
Provide a detailed descriptiouired in the experiment and their functions.
Provide a detailed description of the operating methods of the experimental equipment, including installation, debugging, use, and maintenance.
Experimental equipment operation: Introduce the operation methods of experimental equipment, including equipment installation, debugging, use, and maintenance.
Focusing on the main points: Learners should learn to quickly identify the main points and key findings of an article, rather than getting bogged down in details
Experimental operation process: Introduce the experimental operation process, including preparation before the experiment, operation steps during the experiment, and post-experimental processing.
Use formal and technical language
化学化工专业英语课件
deci-分 decigram 分克(1/10克)；decimeter 分米
centi- 厘 centimeter 厘米；centigram厘克
nano- 纳
nanometer纳米；
nanosecond十亿分之一秒（10-9秒）
milli-毫 millimeter毫米；millilitre毫升； milligram毫克
需要注意的是，表中物质的数目词头除前四个另 有名称外，其它均为表上的数目词头。
数字 拉丁或希 烷烃-ane 烷基-yl 烯烃-ene 腊前缀 alkane alkyl Alkene
炔烃-yne 醇-ol alkyne alcohol
醛-al aldehyde
one mono- methane methyl
4.名词+动名词（n.+v.ing）
paper-making 造纸 ship-building 造船 Machine-shaping ？
5.其他构成方式
By-product 副产品（介词+名词） Make-up 化妆品（动词+副词） Out-of-door 户外 （副词+介词+名词） Pick-me-up 兴奋剂 （动词+代词+副词）
2.形容词+名词（adj.+n.）
其意义关系是前者修饰后者 Blueprint periodic table mixed-powder atomic weight
3.动名词+名词（v.ing+n.）
动名词所表示的是与被修饰词有关的 动作，而名词所表示的是可用的场所或物 品。 Launching site 发射场 flying-suit 飞行衣 navigating instrument ？
《化工专业英语第一》PPT课件演示教学
only for small shells.
• （3）运用图表、公式、符号、缩写词语等来替代和简化文字描述， 使论述和说明更为直观和简洁。如：LAS, e.g..
• (4).使用各类复合词较多，如chlor-alkali，by-products。
• 4.化学化工专业英语语法特点：
•
专业英语着重讲述客观现象和科学真理，要求行文简洁、表达客
问才能学好专业英语。广泛进行化学专业英语阅读，阅读过程中，有
意识地对反复出现的化学专业词汇进行观察、分析、归纳，发现化合
物命名中词头和词尾变化的规律。可以通过汉译英、英译汉、用英语 回答问题及写课文或某一段落摘要的练习，提高英语书面表达能力； 在具有较高基础英语听说能力后，不断积累并掌握简单、常用专业英 语词汇的听说技巧，能提高用英语进行专业技术交流的能力。
Oxys(酸)，后缀-gen 。 • 氟，F(Fluorum, [En]Fluorine)，得名于萤石(拉丁语 Fluor，原意是熔
剂)，化学成分是 氟化钙。 • 钠，Na(Natrium)，英语为 Sodium，因电解苏打(Soda，化学成分是
碳酸钠)制得而得 名。拉丁语 Natrium 意思也是苏打。 • 镁，Mg(Magnesium)，得名于苦土(Magnesia，希腊一个盛产苦土的
• 专业英语是大学课程体系的一个重要组成部分，是保证学 生能够真正掌握英语并能够实用英语的一个重要环节。
• 专业英语有着自身的特点，表现在语句结构、构词、写作 等方面，学生只有掌握了这些特点才能更好地学习并运用 专业英语。
• 本教材的内容包括：
• 按照化学基础知识如有机物和无机物、化学反应内容；化 工操作单元和化工设备如转热、反应器、喷雾干燥设备和 膜技术等内容；无机化工如盐酸和硝酸、纯碱、烧碱等内 容，有机化工、精细化工、高分子材料、化工产品说明书 和设备说明书、煤化工、环境保护和清洁生产、计算机辅 助设计、生物技术、锂离子电池等内容，使教材体现新技 术新材料技术的发展和应用。使本教材有简单到复杂、由 化学到化工、有设备到工艺、由基础到前沿的顺序安排学 习。同时让学生掌握化学化工词汇的构词规律，掌握专业 英语的特点和学习方法，掌握专业英语的翻译和写作。使 学生在今后的生产实践中能够借助词典阅读专业的先进技
化学化工专业英语电子版课本.
ContentPART 1 Introduction to Materials Science &Engineering 1 Unit 1 Materials Science and Engineering 1 Unit 2 Classification of Materials 9 Unit 3 Properties of Materials 17 Unit 4 Materials Science and Engineering: What does the Future Hold? 25 PartⅡMETALLIC MATERLALS AND ALLOYS 33 Unit 5 An Introduction to Metallic Materials 33 Unit 6 Metal Manufacturing Methods 47 Unit 7 Structure of Metallic Materials 57 Unit 8 Metal-Matrix Composites 68 PartⅢCeramics 81 Unit 9 Introduction to Ceramics 81 Unit 10 Ceramic Structures —Crystalline and Noncrystalline 88 Unit 11 Ceramic Processing Methods 97 Unit 12 Advanced ceramic materials –Functional Ceramics 105 PARTⅣNANOMATERIALS 112 Unit 13 Introduction to Nanostructured Materials 112 Unit14 Preparation of Nanomaterials 117 Unit 15 Recent Scientific Advances 126 Unit 16 The Future of Nanostructure Science and Technology 130 PartⅤPOLYMERS 136 Unit17 A Brief Review in the Development of Synthetic Polymers 136 Unit18 Polymer synthesis: Polyethylene synthesis 146 Unit19 Polymer synthesis:Nylon synthesis 154 Unit 20 Processing and Properties Polymer Materials 165 PART VI POLYMERIC COMPOSITES 172 Unit21 Introduction to Polymeric Composite Materials 172 Unit22 Composition, Structure and Morphology of Polymeric Composites 178Unit23 Manufacture of Polymer Composites 185 Unit24 Epoxy Resin Composites 191 Part 7 Biomaterial 196 Unit 25 Introduction to Biomaterials 196 Unit 26 Biocompatibility 205 Unit 27 Polymers as Biomaterials 213 Unit 28 Future of Biomaterials 224 PARTⅧMaterials and Environment 237 Unit29 Environmental Pollution & Control Related Materials 237 Unit30 Bio-degradable Polymer Materials 241 Unit 31 Environmental Friendly Inorganic Materials 248 Unit 32 A Perspective on the Future: Challenges and Opportunities 256 附录一科技英语构词法263 附录二科技英语语法及翻译简介269附录三:聚合物英缩写、全名、中文名对照表280 附录四:练习题参考答案284 PART 1 Introduction to Materials Science &EngineeringUnit 1Materials Science and Engineering Historical PerspectiveMaterials are probably more deep-seated in our culture than most of us realize. Transportation, housing, clothing, communication, recreation, and food production —virtually every segment of our everyday lives is influenced to one degree or another by materials. Historically, the development and advancement of societies ha ve been intimately tied to the members‘ ability to produce and manipulate materi- als to fill their needs. In fact, early civilizations have been designated by the level of their materials development (Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age.The earliest humans had access to only a very limited number of materials, those that occur naturally: stone, wood, clay, skins, and so on. With time they discovered techniques for producing materials that had properties superior to those of the natural ones; these new materials included pottery and various metals. Furthermore, it was discovered that the properties of a material could be altered by heat treatments and by the addition of other substances. At this point, materials utilization was totally a selection process that involved deciding from a given, rather limited set of materials the one best suited for an application by virtue of its characteristics.①It was not until relatively recent times that scientists came to understand the relationships between the structural elements of materials and their properties. This knowledge, acquired over approximately the past 100 years, has empowered them to fashion, to a large degree, the characteristics of materials. Thus, tens of thousands of different materials have evolved with rather specialized charac- teristics that meet the needs of our modern and complex society; these include metals, plastics, glasses, and fibers. deep-seated根深蒂固的, 深层的pottery / ☐☯❑♓陶器structural elements结构成分;property / ☐❑☐☜♦♓/⏹.性能The development of many technologies that make our existence so comfortable has been intimately associated with the accessibility of suitable materials. An advancement in the understanding of a material type is often the forerunner to the stepwise progression of a technology. For example, automobiles would not havebeen possibl- e without the availability of inexpensive steel or some other comparable substitute. In our contemporary era, sophisticated electronic devices rely on components that are made from what are called semiconducting materials. Materials Science and EngineeringThe discipline of materials science involves investigating the relationships that exist between the structures and properties of materials. In contrast, materials engineering is, on the basis of these structure–property correlations, designing or engineering the structure of a material to produce a predetermined set of properties.―Structure‘‘ is at this point a nebulous term that deserves some explanation. In brief, the structure of a material usually relates to the arrangement of its internal components. Subatomic structure involves electrons within the individual atoms and interactions with their nuclei. On an atomic level, structure encompasses the organization of atoms or molecules relative to one another. The next larger structural realm, which contains large groups of atoms that are normally agglomerated together, is termed‗‗microscopic,‘‘ meaning that which is subject to direct observation using some type of microscope. Finally, structural elements that may be viewed with the naked eye are termed ‗‗macroscopic.‘‘The notion of ‗‗property‘‘ deserves elaboration. While in service use, all materials are exposed to external stimuli that evoke some type of response. For example, aspecimen subjected to forces will experience deformation; or a polished metal surface will reflect light. Property is a material trait in terms of the kind and magnitude of response to a specific imposed stimulus. Generally, definitions of properties are made independent of material shape and size.Virtually all important properties of solid materials may be grouped into six different categories: mechanical, electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical, and stepwise /♦♦♏☐♦♋♓/ ♎逐步的sophisticated/♦☯♐♓♦♦♓♏♓♦♓♎/ ♎精制的,复杂的; semiconducting materials 半导体材料nebulous/ ⏹♏♌✞●☯♦/♎含糊的,有歧义的subatomic/ ♦✈♌☯❍♎亚原子的microscopic/❍♓❑☯☐♓♎微观的❍♋♍❑☐♦♍☐☐♓♍/❍✌❑☯✞☐♓♎宏观的deteriorative. For each there is a characteristic type of stimulus capable of provokingdifferent responses. Mechanical properties relate deformation to an applied load or force; examples include elastic modulus and strength. For electrical properties, such as electrical conductivity and dielectric constant, the stimulus is an electric field. The thermal behavior of solids can be represented in terms of heat capacity and thermalconductivity. Magnetic properties demonstrate the response of a material to the application of a magnetic field. For optical properties, the stimulus is electro- magnetic or light radiation; index of refraction and reflectivity are representative optical properties. Finally, deteriorative characteristics indicate the chemical reactivity of materials.In addition to structure and properties, two other important components are involved in the science and engineering of materials, viz. ‗‗processing‘‘ and‗‗performance.‘‘ With regard to the relationships of these four components, the structure of a material will depend on how it is processed. Furthermore, a material‘s perf ormance will be a function of its properties.Fig. 1.1 Photograph showing the light transmittance of three aluminum oxide specimens. From left to right: single crystal material (sapphire, which is transparent;a polycrystalline and fully dense (nonporous material, which is translucent; and a polycrystalline material that contains approximately 5% porosity, which is opaque. (Specimen preparation, P. A. Lessing; photography by J. Telford.We now present an example of these processing-structure-properties-perfor- mance principles with Figure 1.1, a photograph showing three thin disk specimens placed over some printed matter. It is obvious that the optical properties (i.e., the deformation/♎♓♐❍♏♓☞☯变形deteriorative/♎♓♓☯❑♓☯❑♏♓♦♓破坏(老化的elastic modulus 弹性模量strength /♦♦❑♏⏹♑强度;dielectric constant介电常数;heat capacity 热容量refraction/❑♓♐❑✌☞☯折射率; reflectivity/ ❑♓♐●♏♓♓♦♓/ 反射率processing/☐❑☯◆♏♦♓☠加工light transmittance of each of the three materials are different; the one on the left is transparent (i.e., virtually all of the reflected light passes through it, whereas the disks in the center and on the right are, respectively, translucent and opaque.All of these specimens are of the same material, aluminum oxide, but the leftmost one is what we call a single crystal—that is, it is highly perfect—which gives rise to its transparency. The center one is composed of numerous and verysmall single crystals that are all connected; the boundaries between these small crystals scatter a portion of the light reflected from the printed page, which makes this material optically translucent.②And finally, the specimen on the right is composed not only of many small, interconnected crystals, but also of a large number of very small pores or void spaces. These pores also effectively scatter the reflected light and render this material opaque.Thus, the structures of these three specimens are different in terms of crystal boundaries and pores, which affect the optical transmittance properties. Furthermore, each material was produced using a different processing technique. And, of course, if optical transmittance is an important parameter relative to the ultimate in-service application, the performance of each material will be different.Why Study Materials science and Engineering?Why do we study materials? Many an applied scientist or engineer, whether mechanical, civil, chemical, or electrical, will at one time or another be exposed to a design problem involving materials. Examples might include a transmission gear, the superstructure for a building, an oil refinery component, or an integrated circuit chip. Ofcourse, materials scientists and engineers are specialists who are totally involved in the investigation and design of materials.Many times, a materials problem is one of selecting the right material from the many thousands that are available. There are several criteria on which the final decision is normally based. First of all, the in-service conditions must be charac- terized, for these will dictate the properties required of the material. On only rare occasions does a material possess the maximum or ideal combination of properties. transmittance/♦❑✌❍♓♦☜⏹♦/ ⏹. 透射性sapphire /♦✌♐♓☯蓝宝石transparent/♦❑✌☐☪☯❑☯⏹♦/ ♎透明的;polycrystalline/ ☐♓❑♓♦♦☯♓多晶体; translucent/♦❑✌✞♎半透明的; opaque☯✞☐♏♓♎不透明的single crystal 单晶体Thus, it may be necessary to trade off one characteristic for another. The classic example involves strength and ductility; normally, a material having a high strength will have only a limited ductility. In such cases a reasonable compromise between two or more properties may be necessary.A second selection consideration is any deterioration of material properties that may occur during service operation. For example, significant reductions in mecha- nical strength may result from exposure to elevated temperatures or corrosive envir- onments.Finally, probably the overriding consideration is that of economics: What will the finished product cost? A material may be found that has the ideal set of proper- ties but is prohibitively expensive. Here again, some compromise is inevitable.The cost of a finished piece also includes any expense incurred during fabrication to produce the desired shape. The more familiar an engineer or scientist is with the various characteristics and structure–property relationships, as well as processing techniques of materials, the more proficient and confident he or she will be to make judicious materials choices based on these criteria.③Reference:William D. Callister, Materials science and engineering : anintroduction, Press:John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,2007;2-5 transmission gear传动齿轮dictate/♎♓♏♓决定trade off 权衡;折衷ductility♎✈♓●♓♦♓延展性/ ☯✞☯❑♋♓♎♓☠/♎最主要的judicious/♎✞✞♎♓☞☯♦/♎明智的Notes1.At this point, materials utilization was totally a selection process that involved deciding froma given, rather limited set of materials the one best suited for an application by virtue of itscharacteristics由此看来,材料的使用完全就是一个选择过程,且此过程又是根据材料的性质从许多的而不是非有限的材料中选择一种最适于某种用途的材料。
化学化工专业英语第十三课
• The first process step is gasification, which(引导定语从 句) converts the coal into a ‘‘synthesis gas’’ (or syngas) c(CoOnt)a（in是ingcopnritmaianrinilyg的hy现dr在og分en词(H短2语) a作ndsycnatrhbeosnismgoanso的xi定de 语）. A variety of gasifier designs are in commercial operation worldwide using coal or other dirty, low-value feedstocks (e.g., petroleum coke generated at refineries). Here we have chosen to consider a design based on the technology of Chevron/Texaco. This design uses partial oxidation of the coal in oxygen (generated in a dedicated air separation unit) to provide the requisite heat to drive the gasification reactions. The coal is fed into the reactor in a water slurry, which(引导定语从句) has two important implications. Feeding can be done into a vessel operating at relatively high pressures (75 bar in plant configurations considered in this paper), which(引 导定语从句) provide thermodynamic and cost benefits to the overall process, and the additional hydrogen (in the slurry water) promotes a larger H2 fraction in the syngas compared to a dry-feed gasifier design.
化工专业英语课件
目录第一章科技英语知识简介 (3)1 科技英语的特点 (3)1文体方面 (3)2 时态方面 (3)3 词汇方面 (4)4 句式方面 (4)2 科技英语的翻译标准 (8)1译者品德标准 (8)2译者学术标准 (8)3科技英语的翻译方法 (8)1准备工作 (8)2翻译方法或技巧 (9)第二章如何撰写科技论文 (11)1 What is a scientific paper? (11)2 Outlines (11)2.1 The reason for outlines (11)2.2 How should you construct an outline? (11)2.3 The outline (12)第三章科技英语表达与写作 (26)第一节科技文献常用语法 (26)1）时态陈述客观规律多用一般现在时 (26)2）动词短语经常与正式的动词交替使用 (26)3）被动语态 (26)4）表示条件的状语从句 (26)第二节句型 (30)1. Enable, allow, make 等+ 宾语+ 不定式：使（听人）......能够作什么 . (30)2. 积极意愿： (30)3. 消极意愿： (32)第三节状语从句的省略和简练形式 (32)1. 省略： (32)2. 简练： (33)第四节问题、叙述和分析方面 (34)1. “考虑” (34)2. “需要” (34)3. “要求”（因权利或需要） (35)4. “可能性”（） (35)5. “相同”（类似） (36)6. 例外、另外 (36)7. 不同（用于两种结果、趋势、数值的比较） (38)8. 决定 (39)9 困难、难题： (40)10.表明、指出、表现出： (41)11报导提及 (43)12 举例 (44)13 依赖、依靠、根据；可信的 (44)14. 如何在科技写作中提出问题？ (45)第五节运动与功能方面 (46)1 “用” (46)2 作作用 (47)3 一致，符合，吻合，呼应 (48)4 传送 (49)5 运动 (50)6 运转、运行 (50)7 改变. (51)8. 阻碍 (52)第六节计量和测量方面 (54)1 多少 (54)2 最大、最小 (56)3 计算、测量 (56)4.对比，比较 (58)复习 (60)一. 科技英语的特点 (60)二. 翻译的要点 (61)三. 科技语法的功能 (61)专业英语阅读 (67)Unit 1 Unit Operations (67)Lesson 1 Classification of Unit Operations (67)Lesson 2 Fractional distillation (67)Lesson 3 Crystallization (68)Lesson 4 Membrane Separation (68)Lesson 5 Supercritical Fluid Extraction (70)Unit 2 Reaction Engineering (72)Lesson 1 Reactor Types (72)Unit 3 Biochemistry (72)第一章科技英语知识简介Introduction to English for Science and Technology1 科技英语的特点科技英语（English for Science and Technology, EST）是指用于自然科学与工程技术领域的一种英语文体。
化工专业英语课件
炔烃-yne alkyne ethyne; acetylene propyne butyne pentyne hexyne heptyne octyne nonyne
醇-ol alcohol methanol ethanol; alcohol propanol butanol pentanol hexanol heptanol octanol nonanol
4.名词+动名词（n.+v.ing）
paper-making 造纸 ship-building 造船 Machine-shaping ？
5.其他构成方式
By-product 副产品（介词+名词） Make-up 化妆品（动词+副词） Out-of-door 户外 （副词+介词+名词） Pick-me-up 兴奋剂 （动词+代词+副词）
Reading English Reference
Work and Life
Writing English Paper
A Brief Introduction to Specialized English of Chemistry (SEC)
化学专业英语 是一种用英语 阐述化学科学 中的理论、 技术、实验和 现象的英语体系
Noun——in place of adjective
Noun——in place of verb
Noun——in place of clause
5
It…句型常用
Example
It is now possible to work through the periodic table.
It……to do sth.
化学专业英语详细版.ppt
•a fraction of 一小部分 •on the basis of 根据……, 在……基础上
如果根据个别化合物来了解这么多化合
物的性质，即使其中的一小部分也是不可
能的。
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Fortunately, most chemical compounds can be grouped together in a few classes.
dቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱne on the basis of individual compounds. Fortunately, most
chemical compounds can be grouped together in a few classes.
Then, if we can properly classify a compound, we are at once
usually a metal. Ex., NaOH, Ca(OH)2, Fe(OH)3.
3. A salt consists of a metal, written first, combined
with a non-metal or radical written last in a formula.
• be aware of 知道，意识到……
那么，如果我们能够恰当地将一个化合物归类，我们立
刻就能从这类化合物的性质来了解这个化合物的一般性 质。
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For example, HCl is classed as an acid, and by becoming familiar with the behavior of acids as a distinct class, we are at once aware of the general properties of the compound.
化学专业英语PPT课件
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（二）词汇特点
• 1. 词义专一
文学英语中，经常出现一词多义或一义多词的
现象，科技英语中也不例外，但在表达同一个科 学概念或含义时，一般采用单一词汇。
如： hexachlorocyclohexane 六氯环己烷
• 2. 科技词汇来源于希腊语和拉丁语
据统计，1万个普通英语词汇中，约有46%源于
-
2
Why do we learn Special English ?
• 研究生阶段学习与工作－－
➢ 英语文献检索、阅读、理解 ➢ 英语报告的汇报、听说 ➢ 英语讨论会、多媒体汇报 ➢ 英语论文撰写、投稿、发表 ➢ GRE考试出国留学
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教学内容：
1. 大多数化学元素的名称； 2. 无机化学、有机化学、分析化学、物理化学、以
• chemi(o)-
chemisorb
化学吸收;
chemiluminescence 化学发光;
chemoceptor
化学受体，化学感应器;
chemolysis[ke`mɔləsis] 化学分析
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（三）科技英语在修饰上的特点
1. 时态应用有限
叙述过去的研究常用过去时（与现在不发 生联系），也用现在完成时（与现在有直 接联系，并对目前有重要的影响）；讨论 推导的理论及结果用将来时；论述理论部 分用现在时。
在翻译过程中将英文中的某种词类 译成汉语中的另一种词类，如名词→ 动词，形容词→动词，动词→名词等 等。
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ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
例如：
The operation of a machine needs some knowledge of its performance.
电子教案与课件：《化工专业英语》 Unit11
Treatment plants are assembled from combinations of unit processes, and as the range of available unit processes is large, by using a suitable combination of the available processes, it is possible to produce a final effluent of a specified quality from almost any type of influent wastewater.
虽然它不再含有总固体，但它确实还含矿料、淤泥、砂和砾石 的混合物，以及金属、玻璃甚至致密塑料的碎片。
They need to be removed from the influent wastewater to prevent pump damage and silting.
它们需要从流入的废水中除去，以防止泵损坏和淤塞。
虽然这通常在初沉池阶段进行，但是可以通过采用溶解的空气 或氮气的特殊装置来进行辅助。
Compressed air is fed into the wastewater and fully mixed. Very small bubbles are formed that attach to the solid, increasing their buoyancy, and lifting them out of the water to form a thick surface layer of solids known as float.
Where the float is to be used either for animal or human consumption, then natural organic flocculants such as chitosan, carrageenan, lignosulphonic acid, or their derivatives, are used.
化学专业英语课件
题型多样：选择题、填空 题、简答题等
难度适中：适合不同水平 的学生
内容丰富：涵盖化学专业 各个领域
答案解析：详细解答，帮 助学生理解知识点
《化学专业英语》：由化学工业 出版社出版，内容全面，适合初 学者
《化学专业英语阅读》：由化学 工业出版社出版，精选了大量化 学专业英语文章，适合提高阅读 能力
实验步骤：详 细描述实验步 骤，包括仪器、 试剂、操作等
实验结果：描 述实验结果， 包括数据、图
表、结论等
实验讨论：分 析实验结果， 提出假设、解
释、结论等
实验报告：撰 写实验报告， 包括实验目的、 方法、结果、 讨论、结论等
阅读目的：了 解研究领域最 新进展，掌握
研究方法
阅读技巧：快 速浏览摘要、 引言和结论， 详细阅读实验
提高化学专业学 生的英语水平
帮助学生理解化 学专业术语和概 念
增强学生的跨文 化交流能力
提高学生的学术 研究和论文写作 能力
化学专业学 生
化学研究人 员
化学教师
对化学感兴 趣的人士
内容全面：涵盖化学专业的基础知识、实验操作、研究方法等
语言地道：采用专业英语，有助于提高学生的英语水平
互动性强：提供丰富的案例、实验、讨论等互动环节，提高学生的学 习兴趣 实用性强：结合实际应用，帮助学生更好地理解和掌握化学专业知 识
汇报人：PPT
添加标题 lusion
阅读目的：了解化学领域的最新研究成果和趋势 阅读方法：选择合适的文献来源，如学术期刊、会议论文等 阅读技巧：注意关键词、摘要、结论等关键信息，提高阅读效率 阅读后思考：对文献内容进行总结和思考，提出自己的观点和见解
联想记忆法：将新词汇与已知词汇或生活场景联系起来记忆
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Heart valve
Hip joint
Knee joint
Skin
Biopsy
Human Cell Suspenients, Growth Factors
electrical chemical stimuli stimuli Bioreactor Implantation system operation mechanical stimuli
Networks
– Irreversible – Reversible
Polymer Chain Structure linear chain
– homopolymer – random copolymer
block copolymer
– AAAAABBBBB
branched chain
– homopolymer – copolymer
Narrow Distribution
Skewed Distribution
Bimodal Distribution
Translation exercise
缔造所有生命过程的生物大分子，与合 成高分子一样都是长链分子。但由于合成高 分子缺乏确定的序列结构，难以形成精确的 链折叠以及链间组装，通常合成高分子表现 不出生命活性。如果了解和掌握外场存在下 分子链的取向和聚集，促成外场方向与分子 链取向和聚集的同步变化，则能在不同方向 和不同层次上调节和发挥高分子材料的功能 和性质，从而实现其高性能化、复合化、高 功能化、精细化和智能化的目的。
Classification of potential scaffold materials
• Bioinert: no toxic response from the body on implantation. Usually results in fibrous encapsulation (scar tissue formation). • Bioresorbable: undergoes degradation in the body. Dissolution products are harmless and can be secreted naturally. • Bioactive: Produces a biological response from the body that results in a bond between the material and the host tissue.
Biomaterials: Examples
• • • • • • • • • • • Joint replacements Bone plates Bone cement Hip Joint Artificial ligaments and tendons Dental implants for tooth fixation Blood vessel prostheses Heart valves Skin repair devices Cochlear replacements Contact lenses
COMPOSITE MATERIALS AS SCAFFOLDS FOR TISSUE ENGINEERING
Unit 12
Teaching Objectives
1. Eextend polymer vocabulary
2. Learning polymer application in tissue engineering
What is a polymer?
• Materials composed of large molecules which are synthetically made or modified
– Most are made from oil – DuPont has a non-petroleum source for all its plastics
– addition
•A
General Classification of Polymers
Thermoplastic Thermoset Rubber Elastomers Natural Macromolecules
Thermoplastic vs. Thermoset
Thermoplastic
Importance of Chemistry
Copolymers
– – – – Random Block Graft Star
Molar Mass
– – – – – Distribution Viscosity Creep Stability Processability
Ionomers
– Telechelic – Polyelectrolytes
– can be formed with heat/pressure/time – recyclable – crystalline or noncrystalline
Thermoset
– can be formed with heat/pressure/time once – not recyclable!
star polymer comb graft chain
– copolymer
Polymer Chain Composition
homopolymer
– condensation
• AA + BB • AB
copolymer
– random – alternating – block – graft
reduction of polymerisation shrinkage improvement of wear resistance improvement of mechanical properties nano-composites
300
compresion strength [MPa]
POLYMER SCIENCE
Unit 11
Teaching Objectives
1. Learning polymer vocabulary 2. Learning polymer history 3. Learning polymer application
Vocabulary
Polymer – monomer (repeat unit) – oligomers – Bond energies Reactions – Condensation Polymerization – Addition Polymerization – Chain Growth Structure – Thermoplastics – Thermosets – Elastomers Chain Structure – Homopolymer – Copolymer – Branching – Stereoregular – Isomeric Molar Mass – Number, Weight Ave – Degree of polymerization (DP) – Polydispersity
H
Biomaterials
Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds for tissue engineering
Modeling in Tissue Engineering
Polyurethane scaffolds made by particulate leaching
INTRODUCTION
Scaffold: serves as temporary or permanent artifical Extracelular Matrices (ECM) to accommodate cells and support 3D tissue regenerations What is ECM? blend of macromolecules (protein) around cells—as space filler.
Polymer Compared to Metals and Ceramics
Characteristic Advantage Disadvantage
Low melting point
High elongation Low density
Ease of processing
Low brittleness Lightweight products
What is tissue engineering?
a multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary field that applies the principles of biology and engineering to develop tissue substitutes to restore, maintain, or improve the function of diseased or damaged human tissues. one of the goals of tissue engineering is to develop methods to construct organs in the laboratory that can subsequently be used in medical applications.
Lower useful thermal range
High creep Low structural strength
Low thermal conductivity Good thermal insulation Low heat dissipation Electrical resistance Optical clarity (some) Easily colored Solvent sensitivity Flammable Good electric insulation Poor conductivity Utility as clear material Use without painting UV degradation Hard to color match