语法系列复习专题九-----名词从句、定语从句
高考英语 语法重难点系列 专题 语从句的难点和考点
落堕市安心阳光实验学校(直击高考)2013高考英语语法重难点系列专题09 定语从句的难点和考点定语从句是由关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose, as)和关系副词(when, where, why)引导的从句,其作用是作定语用来修饰主句的某个成分,被定语从句修饰的那个词叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。
关系代词在定语从句中充当句子的主语、表语、宾语;关系副词在定语从句中充当状语。
作宾语的关系代词可以省略。
定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。
定语从句和先行词用逗号隔开的叫非限定性定语从句。
限定性定语从句是告诉人们 which one , 去掉之后句子意思不完整,非限定性定语从句是告诉人们更多的信息,去掉之后句子总体意思不受影响。
定语从句的讲点和考点都是关系词。
一、基础题型:用适当的关系词填空:1. The man ____lives next to us deals in vegetables.答案:who/that “住在我们隔壁的那个人是卖蔬菜的”。
关系词在定语从句中作主语。
解析:当先行词是人的时候,关系词用who,whom(作宾语),that2.A plane is a machine _____can fly.答案:that/which “飞机是能飞的机器”。
关系词在定语从句中作主语。
解析:当先行词是物时,关系词用that,which3.This is the actor _____name is known to all.答案:whose “这是那个他名字我们都知道的演员”。
4.The room ______window faces to south is mine.答案:whose “窗户朝南的那个房间是我的”解析:在3.4.题中,当先行词和关系词后面的名词有所属关系时,关系词用whose5.Do you remember the day ____ we first met?答案:when “你记得我们第一次见面的那天吗?”。
高中英语语法复习专题讲解-定语从句
高中英语语法复习专题讲解-定语从句一、定义及相关术语1.定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2.先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等;关系副词有when, where, why等。
关系词通常有下列三个作用:A、引导定语从句;B、代替先行词;C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
例如:The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.该句中,who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句,修饰先行词the man,“who”是引导定语从句的关系词,代替先行词the man,在定语从句中作主语。
二、定语从句的种类以及区别定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,现将它们之间的用法及区别列表如下限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和先行词的关系密切(删去后,影响整个句子意义的表达)和先行词的关系不密切(是一种补充说明,删去后不影响整个句子意义的表达)不用逗号分开一般使用逗号分开可用关系代词that引导不可用关系代词that引导可以省略(that,who,which在从句中担当宾语时可以省略)不可以省略可以替代(whom作宾语时,可用who或that替代)不能替代只可以修饰先行词,不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分修饰整个主句或主句的一部分,此时定语从句前有逗号分开,只能用which或as引导。
限制性:她有两个当解放军的儿子。
She has two sons who are P.L.A.men.(Maybe she has other sons who are not P.L.A.men.)非限制性:她有两个儿子,他们都是解放军。
高考英语语法专题复习名词从句、定语从句
语法系列复习专题九-----名词从句、定语从句名词从句名词从句有四类:宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
例如:宾语从句:I don’t know where he will go.主语从句:Where he will go is unknown.表语从句:The problem is how we can get so much money.同位语从句:We all feel sorry about the news that he failed in the game.下面几点是学习名词从句要加以注意的:1.w hether和if都可以引导宾语从句表达“是否”意,(即引导宾语从句时if和whether 可以互换)但以下几种名词从句要用whether(不用if)引导:(1)引导主语从句,且在句首时。
例:Whether he has won the tennis is not known.(但It is not known whether/if he has won the tennis).(2)引导表语从句时。
例The problem is whether he can get a job.(3)引导同位语从句时。
例:I have no idea whether he will come.(4)介词后的whether从句。
例:I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.2.位于句首引导主语从句的that不可忘。
例如:That he got the first place in the competition surprised all of us.3.在“It is suggested/proposed/ordered/a pity/no wonder/necessary/strange/…+that从句”结构中,that从句谓语有时用(should)do这样的虚拟语气形式。
专题09-定语从句(解析版)-备战2022年新高考英语一轮复习考点一遍过
考点09 定语从句(解析版)【命题趋势】考生在定语从句的学习过程中存在着以下几个问题:(1)考生不能区分定语从句;(2)关系代词与关系副词的选择混乱,不清楚关系代词与关系副词的使用情况;(3)习惯性以翻译的方式来理解定语从句、同位语从句,而使自己陷入困境之中;(4)由于对句型结构分析不到位,经常出现代词与关系代词错用的情况。
【重要考向】一、关系代词引导的定语从句;二、关系副词引导的定语从句;三、“介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句;四、as引导的定语从句;考向一【2021浙江卷语法填空】BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ______gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.【参考答案】that / which 考查定语从句/关系代词。
根据句意和句子结构可知,此处缺少引导定语从句并在定语从句中作主语的关系代词,而先行词tool为物,故此处填关系代词that或which。
引导定语从句的关系代词有:that, which, who, whom, whose, as等,关系代词可作主语、宾语、定语等。
1.who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。
I've become good friends with several of the students in my school who I met in the English speech contest lastyear.我已与去年在英语演讲比赛中遇到的我校的几个学生成为了好朋友。
2.whose既可指人又可指物,在定语从句中作定语。
指物时,“whose+名词”可用“the+名词+of which”或“of which+the+名词”来代替。
初中英语语法专题—定语从句讲解
初中英语语法专题—定语从句讲解一、什么是定语从句?定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句。
它通常紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词后面,并对其进行进一步的说明或限制。
二、引导定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词主要有:that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where等。
- that用于修饰物,常用来引导限制性定语从句;- which用于修饰物,既可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句;- who用于修饰人,常用来引导限制性定语从句;- whom用于修饰人,在非正式情况下,常省略为who,也可以引导非限制性定语从句;- whose表示所属关系,修饰人或物;- when表示时间,在定语从句中用来引导时间状语从句;- where表示地点,在定语从句中用来引导地点状语从句。
三、定语从句的位置和用法定语从句可以位于句首、句中或句尾,用来修饰名词或代词。
它可以进一步说明名词的性质、特征、来源等。
以下是一些示例:1. The book that you borrowed from me is very interesting.that you borrowed from me is very interesting.你从我这里借的那本书非常有趣。
2. The girl, who is wearing a red dress, is my sister.who is wearinga red dress, is my sister.那个穿红裙子的女孩是我的妹妹。
3. The city where I was born is very beautiful.where I was born is very beautiful.我出生的城市非常美丽。
4. I have a friend whose father is a doctor.whose father is a doctor.我有一个朋友,他的父亲是医生。
专题九 名词性从句
也可带宾语从句。
I’m sure that they will make it in spite of the terrible weather. (8) that 在宾语从句中常可省略,但由and或but连接两个或多 个宾语从句时,仅可以省略第一个连词that
He said (that) he had eaten nothing but that he wasn’t hungry.
专项知识 答题技巧
对点集训
专项知识
二、主语从句 1.主语从句在复合句中充当主语,大多数主语从句都可以用it作 形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。 2.that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语,that不可省;what引导 的主语从句表示“„„的东西”时,一般不用it作形式主语; whatever,whoever,whichever一般也不用it作形式主语。 That she will succeed is certain. →It is certain that she will succeed. What he needs is more experience.
I take it that they will succeed.
You may rely on it that I shall help you.
(4)当主语用think,believe, suppose, expect, imagine 五个动词时,用否定转移 I don’t think he will win the game, will he? 注意:若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能 转移。 I hope you weren’t ill. 我想你没有生病吧。
①whether 引导从句可以放于句首。 Whether he comes or not makes no difference. ②whether 可引导表语从句和同位语从句,if 不可。 The question is whether it is worth trying. The question whether he should join the team has not been decided upon. ③whether 可以作介词宾语,if 则不可。 I haven’t settled the problem of whether I’ll lend him the money. ④whether 后可以加不定式,if 不可。 He didn’t know whether to get married or to wait. ⑤可以用 whether...or 引导让步状语从句, “无论, 意为 不论” , if 则不可。 Whether it rains or snows,I don’t care.
高中语法解读定语从句和名词性从句
高中语法解读定语从句和名词性从句在高中语法学习中,定语从句和名词性从句是重要的语法知识点。
它们在句子中充当不同的成分,用于修饰名词或者充当名词的补充说明,为句子的表达提供了更多的信息和丰富性。
下面将对定语从句和名词性从句进行详细解读。
一、定语从句(Adjective Clause)定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句,通常用于句子中作主语、宾语或表语。
它通过引导词来引导,其中最常用的引导词有:that, which, who, whom, whose。
定语从句既可以使用关系代词也可以使用关系副词引导。
1. 引导关系代词的定语从句关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose在定语从句中起到两个作用:引导从句,并在从句中充当某一成分,如主语或宾语。
例如:- The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.(引导词作主语)- I have a friend whose father is a doctor.(引导词修饰friend)2. 引导关系副词的定语从句关系副词when, where, why在定语从句中引导,并在从句中充当某一成分,例如时间、地点或原因。
例如:- I still remember the day when we met for the first time.(引导词修饰时间)- This is the restaurant where we had dinner yesterday.(引导词修饰地点)二、名词性从句(Noun Clause)名词性从句是用来充当句子的成分,起到名词的作用。
名词性从句通常作主语、宾语、表语或同位语,它可以由连接词that, whether/if, why, where, when, what等引导。
1. 引导词that的名词性从句- That he didn't come to the party surprised me.(主语从句)- I believe that he is a good person.(宾语从句)2. 引导词whether/if的名词性从句- I don't know whether/if it will rain tomorrow.(宾语从句)3. 引导词wh-词的名词性从句- I don't know where she is staying now.(宾语从句)- The question is what we should do next.(表语从句)三、定语从句和名词性从句的区别定语从句和名词性从句在用法和功能上有一些区别:1. 从句位置不同定语从句通常紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词后面,而名词性从句相当于一个名词,可出现在句子的任何位置。
高考英语复习-名词从句和定语从句
名词性从句包括:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
Ⅰ.主语从句:在句子中充当主语主句谓语动词要用单数第三人称。
Whoever comes is welcome.1.that引导主语从句。
that引导主语从句时,仅起连接作用,不作任何成份,不能省略。
有时为了保持句子平衡,把that从句后置,由形式主语it来代替。
That she was chosen made us very happy.It made us very happy that she was chosen.it作形式主语,有几种固定句型:(1)It + be + adj. + that - clauseIt is natural / strange / important / necessary that...很自然/奇怪的是/重要的是/必要的是……从句中的谓语动词用(should)+动词原形It is important that he (should) attend the meeting.(2)It + be + n. + that - clauseIt is a fact that ... 事实是……It is an honour that... 非常荣幸……It is common knowlege that... ……是常识It is a pity that... 很遗憾……(3)It + be + 过去分词+ that - clauseIt is reported that...据报道……It is believed that... 据相信……It has been proved that... 已证实……It is said that... 据说……特别提示在表示建议、要求、命令等意义的被动结构中,that从句中的谓语动词用(should)+动词原形。
It is suggested that the meeting (should) be held this afternoon.(4)It + seem / happen等不及物动词+ that - clauseIt seems / seemed that... 似乎……It happens / happened that... 碰巧……It appears that... 好像……It seems that he is wrong.2.whether引导的主语从句“是否”从句在句首时必须用whether,置于句尾时,可换用if.Whether he will come is not clear.It is not clear whether / it he will come.3.wh - 疑问词引导主语从句。
定语从句与名词性从句的区别
定语从句与名词性从句的区别在英语语法中,定语从句和名词性从句都是从句的一种,它们在句法功能和用法上有一定的区别。
本文将探讨定语从句和名词性从句的区别,帮助读者理解并正确运用这两种从句。
一、定语从句的概念和用法定语从句用来修饰或限定先行词,进一步说明或描述先行词的特征或属性。
定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导,它们在从句中充当某个成分。
定语从句的引导词包括关系代词(如that, who, whom, whose, which)和关系副词(如where, when, why)。
例如:The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.我昨天买的那本书很有趣。
在这个例子中,定语从句"that I bought yesterday" 修饰先行词 "book",进一步说明了这本书的购买时间。
二、名词性从句的概念和用法名词性从句在句子中充当名词的角色,它可以作主语、宾语、表语或宾语补足语。
名词性从句通常由连接词引导,包括连词(如that, whether, if)和疑问词(如who, what, when, where, why, how)。
名词性从句的用法主要有以下几种:1. 主语从句Whether he will come is still uncertain.他是否会来仍然不确定。
2. 宾语从句She asked me if I could help her.她问我是否能帮她。
3. 表语从句The question is whether we should go or stay.问题是我们是否应该去还是留下。
4. 宾语补足语从句I know what you mean.我明白你的意思。
名词性从句的引导词根据从句在句子中的功能确定使用何种连接词。
三、定语从句和名词性从句的区别定语从句和名词性从句的区别主要体现在从句的功能上。
名词性从句和定语从句
名词性从句和定语从句一.名词性从句一.名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses (Noun Clauses (Noun Clauses)。
)。
)。
名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组词词组, , , 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
目录目录一、引导名词性从句的连接词二. 主语从句三、宾语从句四、表语从句五、同位语从句六、名词性that-从句七、名词性wh-从句八、if, whether 引导的名词从句·九、否定转移 ·十、高考热点透视 · 十一、专项考点练习 一、引导名词性从句的连接词分类引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:连词(5个):that (宾语从句或表语从句中that 有时可以省略)有时可以省略) whether,if (均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性)表明从句内容的不确定性)as if ,as though (均表示“好像”,“似乎”)以上在从句中均不充当任何成分以上在从句中均不充当任何成分连接代词(9个):what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever 连接副词(7个):when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however 不可省略的连词:1. 介词后的连词介词后的连词2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy. We heard the news that our team had won. 比较whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。
高考必考语法精讲精练专题九:定语从句-Word版含解析
高考必考语法精讲精练语法专题九:定语从句定语从句是比较重要的语法项目。
《2017年一般高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中将定语从句列为必考项。
全国卷新课标Ⅰ对定语从句的考查一般在语法填空和短文改错中,主要考查定语从句引导词的用法。
2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ第64题(语法填空)考查了定语从句引导词that/which。
2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ第65题(语法填空)考查了定语从句的引导词when。
2017年高考全国卷Ⅰ第70题(语法填空)考查了定语从句的引导词which。
基本概念:定语从句:在复合句中修饰名词或代词、充当定语的句子叫定语从句。
因其功能相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句。
先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
关系词:引导定语从句的词,也叫引导词。
分为关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose ,as)和关系副词(where,when,why)。
关系词要在定语从句中作某个成分,如主语、宾语、状语等。
限制性定语从句:对先行词起修饰限定作用的定语从句。
非限制性定语从句:对先行词或主句起补充说明作用的定语从句,通常引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开。
关系词及其意义:关系代词和关系副词功能有三个:①用来引导定语从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来。
②关系代词和关系副词可作定语从句的一个成分。
关系代词可作主语、宾语、定语;关系副词可作状语。
③关系代词和关系副词在从句中代替在他前面的先行词。
一、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who 指人,在定语从句中作主语。
①The boys who are playing football are from Class One.②Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.③ That is the teacher who teaches us physics.2.whom 指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。
专题九:定语从句
专题九: 定语从句定语从句的用法(一)定语从句的作用(二)关系代词的作用定语从句要点归纳:A.只用thata.当先行词是不定代词,如all, everything, anything, nothing, much, few, little, none, the one等All that can be done has been done.I didn’t mean this one; I mean the one that was bought yesterday.b.先行词(指物的)前面有only, few, one of, little, no, all, every, very等词修饰时There’s no difficulty that we can’t overcome.I’ve read all the books that can be borrowed here.c.先行词被序数词first, last, next等或形容词的最高级修饰时This is the first letter that I’ve written in Japanese.She is the most careful girl that I’ve ever known.d.当先行词既有人又有物时They talked about the teachers and schools that they had visited.The speaker talked of some writers and books that were unknown to us.e.当先行词是系动词be后面的表语或关系词本身是从句的表语时China isn’t the country that she used to be 50 years ago.He is no longer the man that he used to be..f.当主句是以who, which或what开头的特殊疑问句时Who is the man that is waiting at the bus stop?Which is the car that overtook us yesterday?g. 当主句以There be…结构开头时或关系代词在there be…结构中作实义主语,先行项为物There is a seat in the corner that is still free.There are two tickets of the film that are for you.The 9.15 is the fastest train that there has ever been.h. 当先行词是what时What did you hear that made you so angry?B. 只用who的场合:1.先行词为one, ones, those, anyone等。
定语从句名词性从句
定语从句名词性从句定语从句名词性从句英语语法是针对英语语言进行研究后,系统地总结归纳出来的一系列语言规则。
名词性从句,是指性质相当于名次的从句,包括宾语从句、主语从句等。
名词性从句是学习英语的难点也是考查的重点。
下面店铺带来定语从句名词性从句,欢迎收藏!一、名词性从句用法详解一、概说名词性从句,即指性质相当于名词的从句,它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
从高考的考查的实际情况来看,名词性从句考得最多的是宾语从句,其次是主语从句,再次是表语从句,而同位语从句则很少考查。
二、名词性从句的一般引导词1.连接词that 只起连接作用,没有任何意思,也不充当句子成分,在宾语从句中可省略,但引导其他名词性从句时通常不省略。
如:I hope (that) you enjoy your holiday. 希望你假期过得好。
That he likes you is very obvious. 很显然他喜欢你。
2.连接词whether 也不充当句子成分,但有自己的意思,表示“是否”;引导宾语从句时,可换成if,但引导其他名词性从句时不能换成 if。
He asked whether [if] I would show him the way. 他问我是否可以给他带路。
Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. 是否对我们有害还要看一看。
(引导主语从句,不能用 if 代替 whether)3.连接代词 who(m), whose, which, what 等,均有各自的意义,在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等。
如:That’s why she wanted to leave. 这就是她想离开的原因。
When we arrive doesn't matter. 什么时候到没有关系。
Tell me which one you like best. 告诉我你最喜欢哪一个。
2025届高考英语一轮总复习专题九定语从句学案含解析新人教版
专题九定语从句考点精讲考点一关系词的用法关系词被修饰的先行词关系词在从句中充当的成分who 指人的词主语、宾语、表语whom 指人的词宾语whose 指人或物的词定语that 指人或物的词主语、宾语、表语which 指物的词或整个主句主语、宾语、表语as 指人或物的词或整个主句主语、宾语、表语when 表示时间的名词时间状语where 表示地点的名词地点状语why 表示缘由的名词reason 缘由状语有些在语言学习上很有成就的人,在其他领域经常一无所成。
I have many friends to whom I'm going to send postcards.我有很多挚友,我准备寄明信片给他们。
Children who are not active or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.很少进行体育熬炼或饮食富含脂肪的孩子体重会增加很快。
He will tell you everything that he heard about it.他将告知你他所听到的关于这件事的一切。
This is the factory(which/that)we visited last year.这就是我们去年参观的那家工厂。
As we know,smoking is harmful to one's health.众所周知,吸烟有害健康。
There are occasions when(=on which)one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where(=in which) I was born.北京是我的诞生地。
Is this the reason why(=for which)he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?特殊提示: whose指人或物,作定语。
初中英语语法讲解-15个专题汇总(习题和答案)
初中英语语法讲解-15个专题汇总(习题和答案)专题一名词1 专题二数词、冠词7 专题三介词、连词14 专题四代词21 专题五形容词、副词30 专题六动词的分类39 专题七情态动词、系动词46 专题八动词时态53 专题九被动语态59 专题十非谓语动词66 专题十一简单句、并列句76 专题十二祈使句、感叹句84 专题一三宾语从句90 专题一四定语从句98 专题一五状语从句105 专题一名词 1. 名词的数 1. 概述: 名词按其表示的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。
2. 可数名词及其单复数:可数名词有单复数变化,其前通常用不定冠词和数词来修饰,还可用many, few, a few, some, any, plenty of, lots of, a number of 等修饰。
构成名词复数形式的方法分为规则法和不规则法两种。
1)复数的规则构成法:绝大多数英语中的名词复数都是在单数名词后加上词尾-s或-es构成的。
具体规则如下图:规则例词一般情况下加-s apple-apples, ruler-rulers 以s, x, ch,sh,结尾的加-es bus-buses, box-boxes, watch-watches,1/ 136brush-brushes 以辅音字母加y结尾的,把y变成i再加-es city-cities, county-countries 以f或fe结尾的,把f或fe变成v,再加-es knife-knives, leaf-leaves 以o结尾的,有的词尾加-es,有的加-s 在初中英语范围内加-es的主要有以下4个:tomato-tomatoes,potato-potatoes Hero-heroes,Negro-Negroes 2) 复数的不规则构成法:a.单复同形的:Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese, deer-deer, sheep-sheep, fish-fish(表示鱼的数量) b. 熟记下列词的复数变化:man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, mouse-mice, child-children c. 以man, woman 做定语构成的复合名词,变复数时要全变:a man teacher-two men teachers; 其他情况一般只变主体名词而作定语的名词不变:a girl student-two girl students 3. 不可数名词:不可数名词没有单复数。
高考英语(江苏)语法精讲精练专题九名词性从句常考点
专题九名词性从句常考点在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫作名词性从句。
它包括主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句和表语从句。
名词性从句是英语中的一个重要语法项目,在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到。
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:连接词that,whether,if(不充当从句的任何成分);连接代词what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which;连接副词when,where,how,why。
1Itis...和Thereis...Itis...句型中it为形式主语,真正的主语为动名词、不定式或从句,而Thereis意为“有……”,有时be也可以用exist,remain等替代。
用it,there填空:①________isapitythathewasabsent.②________isafactthathehasliedtoyou.③________isnowonderthatheissoexcited.④________isnoneedtoworryaboutit.⑤________isnosense/point (in) arguingwithhim.⑥________isnodoubtthathehasgone.【答案】①It②It③It④There⑤There⑥There2从句作主语时的谓语动词形式主语从句作主语相当于第三人称单数作主语,谓语动词用单数;如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用复数;由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句,谓语动词用单数。
用所给词的适当形式填空:①Thatthepresidentiscoming________(excite) allofus.②Howcloseparentsaretotheirchildren________(have) astronginfluenceontheircharacter.③Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeheld____________(notdecide) yet.【答案】①excites②has③isn'tdecided/hasn'tbeendecided3宾语从句的时态和语序宾语从句中的时态要注意呼应。
专题九 定语从句与名词性从句
专题四定语从句和名词性从句考点一定语从句一.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句对先行词起限定修饰作用;非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用。
在非限制性定语从句中,先行词与定语从句往往由都好隔开。
非限制性定语从句相当于并列句、状语从句等。
如:He has two sons, who work in the same company. 他有两个儿子,他们在同一家公司上班。
(他只有两个儿子)He has two sons who work in the same company. 他有两个儿子,在同一家公司上班。
(他可能不止一个儿子)二.关系代词的用法1.先行词指人,先行词在定语从句中做主语,需用who/ that引导,且不能省略。
She is the girl who/ that lives next door.2.先行词指人且在定语从句中做宾语,用whom/ who/ that引导,且可以省略。
That’s the girl (who/ whom/ that) I teach.3..先行词指物,先行词在定语从句中做主语,需要用which/ that引导,且不可以省略The work which/ that has just been finished is very important.4.先行词指物,且在定语从句中做宾语,用which/ that引导,且可以省略。
That is the book (which/ that) I want to read.5.先行词指人或物且在定语从句中做定语,用whose/ of which/ of whom引导。
This is the scientist whose achievements are well known.This is the scientist, the achievements of whom are well known.This is the scientist , of whom the achievements are well known.这就是那位成绩卓越的科学家。
高中英语语法复习—复合句(名词性、定语从句、状语从句)精析
复合句一. 名词性从句:1.名词性从句主要分为四大类:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
是由if, whether, that 和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句,其功同名词一样。
2.名词性从句的语序:名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。
如:He asked me what was the matter with me.We’ve heard the news that we’ll move into the new house.Whatever you say will interest us all.(一)主语从句1.定义:主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。
用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。
2.构成:关联词+简单句3.引导主语从句的关联词有三类:1) 从属连词that:由that引导的从句,通常用形式主语来代替。
That he has disappeared worries his parents.It worries his parents that he has disappeared.It is not likely that he can win the lottery.It is a big surprise that he is still alive.2) 从属连词whether。
如:Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。
Whether or not she will go to Japan is up to her.Whether he will take part in the play is not clear.3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever由what等代词引导的从句,表示”所1的(东西)”,实际上等于一个现行词加上一个定语从句,也可以由-ever等代词引导。
【优化方案】2021届高考英语第二轮专题复习专题九定语从句和名词性从句提分训练
【优化方案】2021届高考英语第二轮专题复习专题九定语从句和名词性从句提分训练1.(2020·高考新课标全国卷Ⅰ)“You can’t judge a book by its cover,”________.A.as the saying goes old B.goes as the old sayingC.as the old saying goes D.goes as old the saying解析:选C。
句意:俗语说,“你不能以貌取人”。
as the old saying goes是一个固定的用法,表示“俗语说”。
其他的各个选项差不多上错误表达形式,故都可排除。
2.(2020·高考新课标全国卷Ⅱ)When I arrived,Bryan took me to see the house________I would be staying.A.what B.whenC.where D.whic h解析:选C。
题干的意思是:“我到达后,布赖恩带我去看了我要住的房子。
”分析题干可知后句为限制性定语从句,关系词代替先行词house在定语从句中作地点状语,因此应选择关系副词where。
解答该类题目的关键在于分析关系词代替先行词在定语从句中所作的句子成分。
3.(2020·高考北京卷)Many countries are now setting up national parks________animals and plants can be protected.A.when B.whichC.whose D.where解析:选D。
题干的意思是:眼下,许多国家正在建立一些国家公园,动物和植物在那儿能够得到爱护。
分析结构可知,此处是考查定语从句的引导词,先行词为national parks,定语从句中缺少地点状语,要用where来引导,相当于in which。
关系副词when在定语从句中作时刻状语;which在定语从句中作主语、宾语;whose只作定语,三者均不符合语境,故正确答案为D项。
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语法系列复习专题九-----名词从句、定语从句名词从句名词从句有四类:宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
例如:宾语从句:I don ’t know where he will go.主语从句:Where he will go is unknown.表语从句:The problem is how we can get so much money.同位语从句:We all feel sorry about the news that he failed in the game.下面几点是学习名词从句要加以注意的:1. w hether 和if 都可以引导宾语从句表达“是否”意,(即引导宾语从句时if 和whether可以互换)但以下几种名词从句要用whether (不用if )引导:(1) 引导主语从句,且在句首时。
例:Whether he has won the tennis is not known.(但It is not known whether/if he has won the tennis).(2) 引导表语从句时。
例The problem is whether he can get a job.(3) 引导同位语从句时。
例:I have no idea whether he will come.(4) 介词后的whether 从句。
例:I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.2. 位于句首引导主语从句的that 不可忘。
例如:That he got the first place in the competition surprised all of us.3. 在“It is suggested/proposed/ordered/a pity/no wonder/necessary/strange/…+that 从句”结构中,that 从句谓语有时用(should )do 这样的虚拟语气形式。
例如:It is suggested that we(should) improve the relations between us.It is a pity that one(should) stay in one place all one ⨯s life.It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings (缺点).4. 在“The reason why …is that …”句式中that 不要误为because.例如:The reason why he didn ⨯t go to school yesterday is that he was ill.5. 名词从句中that,what 用法比较:引导名词从句的that 是连词,在句中无成份,无意义,而what 是连接代词,what =thething(s) that.例如:It was told in yesterday ⨯s newspaper that what the students had done was praisedby the factory.I know that he will study.I know what he will study. That he works hard at his lessons is known to us all.What he works hard at is known to us all.All I ask is that you should tell the truth./He is not what(=the person that)heused to be.他和以前大不相同了。
6. w here 在名词从句中的使用特点:where 在名词从句中有时可以变为“the place where ”,有时可以变为“介词+the place where ” 形式。
例如:主从:Where(=The place where)she has gone is still unknown.宾从:Would you please tell me where(=the place where) Mr Smith lives?表从:Your dictionary remains where(=in/at the place where)you put.同位从:Have you any idea where(=of the place where) she is spending her holidays?7. 无论是哪种名词从句都是陈述语序。
例如:I know where he lives./Please tell me what her name is.当一个特殊疑问句本身就是陈述语序(即“主+谓+(宾)”或“主+系+表”结构),将其变为间接引语(即宾语从句)时,无需改变语序。
例如:What ⨯s the matter with him? She asked me what was the matter with him.Who looks after your grandfather? He asked me who looked after my grandfather.无意义名词从句考点分析1.They want to know ______ do to help us. (NMET)A. what they canB. how they canC. how can theyD. what can they析:此题要选陈述语序项,故应排除C、D。
又因how they can do不完整,do后无宾语,故也应排除,只有A项既是陈述语序,且what they can do完整正确地表达出“他们能做些什么”这一意思,故答案为A。
2.His teacher ______ he ______ bright and ______ he was worth teaching.A.didn’t think;was;thatB.thought;was;whetherC.didn’t think;was;×D.thought;wasn⨯t;×析:观察题目,可知think后跟有and连接的两个并列宾语从句,这时前一个宾语从句的引导语that可以省略,但引导后一宾语从句的that不可省略,据此,可排除C、D两个选项。
若选B项,全句意思不通,而选择A项可表达“他的老师认为他不聪明,不值得教”这一意思,且语法结构无误,故可定A是正确答案。
3.______ is done cannot be undone.A.HowB.ThatC.WhatD.Where析:do一般作及物动词使用,从题干看,需选一词作主语(逻辑上是done的宾语)。
而A.How,D.Where均是副词,不能作主语,故应排除。
B项that一词只能在定语从句中作主语,不能在主语从句中作主语,也应排除。
只有选what(=the thing that),才能正确表述“凡是做的不可不做”这一意思。
4.Take care ______ you don⨯t make mistakes in the coming exam.A.of thatB.about thatC.for whatD.that析:take care是“注意”、“当心”意,后面可跟that引导的宾语从句来表达“当心不要…”意思,据此,该题应选D。
5.To his surprise,the umbrella was not ______ he had put.A.whichB.whereC.the placeD.that析:观察题干,was not后是表语,根据where在表语从句中相当于in/at the place where, 将其置于空白处则可表达“伞不在他当初放的地方”这一意思,而C选项缺少词,不可选。
A、D项皆不合用。
6.______ we can⨯t get seems better than ______ we have.A.what;whatB.what;thatC.that;thatD.that;what析:此题显然是要表达“我们得不到的东西似乎比我们得到的东西好。
”这一意思,即“A seems better that B”结构,根据what=the thing(s) that这一特点,将其置于两空白处正好可以表达出前者比后者好这一意思,故答案为A。
7.______ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where析:此题depends前的主语从句是一个不肯定的内容,在句首表“是否”意时,只能用Whether,不可用If。
故答案为B。
8.______ they are most interested in is ______ they can produce more and bettercars.A.That;howB.What;howC.What;whatD.That;that析:is前面是一个主语从句,要表达“他们最感兴趣的(东西)”这一意思,只能选what 填入空白;is是表语从句,显然只有选how才能表达“如何生产更多更好的汽车”,故答案为B。
9.He made a suggestion that the English test ______ until next Wednesday.A.will be put offB.be put offC.will put offD.put off析:suggestion,order,adivce等词后的同位语从句谓语要用(should)do的形式,且该句中test与put off为被动关系,故选B。
10.I don⨯t think ______ he said something like that is right.A.thatB.whatC.whetherD.when析:此句think后是一宾语从句,这个宾语从句的主语在is之前,它是一个被动句。
因为he said something like that已经含有主、谓、宾、状等成分,只有选不表意义,不做成分的that才合适,故选A。
定语从句一、定语从句与引导词定语从句是在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫做选行词,而引导定语从句的词叫引导词,有关系代词和关系副词两类。