2013高考提能力训练第11单元第21讲

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【备战2013】高考语文总复习能力梯级提升思维高效训练11 新人教版

能力梯级提升·思维高效训练即时演练一、（2012·山师附中三模）阅读下面的文字，完成1～3题。

中国戏曲的写意性戏曲通过综合化的舞台手段来表现生活，因而是“表现性”的艺术。

它不像西方写实戏剧那样对生活动作进行直接模仿，而是经由节奏、韵律、姿态对生活动作进行加工、抽象、美化之后，再用它来表现生活，它的表现生活就不是写实性而是写意性的。

马鞭一摇就是在路上走马，船桨一晃则是在江里行船，快步跑圆场则是人在急速行路——戏曲表演与生活动作拉开了距离。

西方美学以逼真为美的极致，无论是古希腊的雕塑，还是文艺复兴时期的绘画，都高度体现了这一原则。

古典主义将这种原则充分运用在戏剧之中，高乃依《论三一律》说：“戏剧作品是一种摹拟，说得确切些，它是人类行为的肖像；肖像越与原形相像，它便越完美，这是不容置疑的。

”这种理念最终导致了自然主义戏剧的泛滥。

中国古典美学原则却尽量避免因注目于对事物的逼真模仿而丧失了对其内在精神的把握，提醒人们要防止“谨毛而失貌”。

与西方美学“模仿说”以物为主、心附于物、强调审美主体对客体的服从不同，中国传统美学中的“比兴说”强调人心对于外物的感应，重视人的感觉和诉诸联想，追求心物交融，也就是强调审美主体与客体的统一。

这种美学原则在通过艺术手段表现对象时，就会提倡内在精神的传达而非外貌的逼真，状摹对象追求神似，追求“不似之似”，而不去注意艺术与对象之间的距离。

欣赏一幅画只注重运笔是否气韵生动，可能并没有留心它是否逼真，这就叫做“得意忘形”“貌离神合”。

戏曲对于生活的撷取是极具选择性的，重在揭示人生的体验和感悟、心情与心境，重在将人物可喻不可即、可意会不可言传的情感状态，通过比喻、象征、对比、夸张等手法表现出来，借景抒情，托物言志，从而达到以情动人的目的。

昆曲《荆钗记·上路》中钱流行失去女儿后，女婿接他前去同住，他眼睛里看到的是春天景色，嘴里唱出来的却是“景萧萧”“古树枯藤栖暮鸦”的意象、“自叹命薄，难苦怨他”的心境、“叹衰年倦体奔走天涯”的凄苦。

2013年高考真题——语文(新课标卷Ⅰ)

绝密★启封并使用完毕前2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文注意事项：1. 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（阅读题）和第Ⅱ卷（表达题）两部分。

第Ⅰ卷1至8页，第Ⅱ卷9至10页。

2. 答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试题相应的位置。

3. 全部答案在答题卡上完成，答在本试题上无效。

4. 考试结束，将本试题和答题卡一并交回。

第Ⅰ卷阅读题甲必考题一、现代文阅读（9分，每小题3分）阅读下面的文字，完成1~3题老子其人其书的时代，自司马迁《史记》以来只有异说，清代学者崇尚考据，对此议论纷纷，如汪中作《老子考异》，力主老子为战国时人，益启争端。

钱穆先生说：“老子伪迹不彰，真相大白，则先秦诸子学术思想之系统条贯始终不明，其源流派别终无可言.”大家都期待这个问题有新的解决线索.过去对于古书真伪及年代的讨论，只能以材料证明纸上材料，没有其它的衡量标准，因而难有定论。

用来印证《老子》的古书，大多收到辨伪家的怀疑，年代确不可移的，恐怕要数到《林非子》。

《吕氏春秋》和《淮南子》，但这几木书戍书太晚，没有多少作用.近年战国秦汉简帛侠籍大黄出上，为学术界提供了许多前所未见的地下材料，这使我们有可能重新考虑《老子》的时代问题。

1973牛长沙马王堆三亏汉基出土的串书，内有《老子》两种版本，甲本字体比较早，不避汉高祖讳，应抄写于高祖即帝位前，乙本避高祖讳，可以抄写于文帝初。

这两本《老子》抄写年代都晚，无益于《老子》著作年代的推定，但乙本前面有《黄帝书》四篇，系。

黄”、“老”合抄之本，则从根本上改变了学术界对早期道家的认识。

郭沐若先生曾指出，道家都是以“发明黄老道德意”为其指归，故也可称之为黄老学派.《老子》和《黄帝书》是道家的经典，在汉初被妙写在《老子》前面的《黄帝书》显然在当时公众心目中已据有崇高位置，不会是刚刚撰就的作品。

同时，《黄帝书》与《申子》、《慎子》、《韩非子》等有许多共通文句，而申不害、慎到、韩非二人均曾学黄老之术，这些共通之处可认作对《皇帝书》的引用阐发。

2013年高考自主招生考试及高考语文能力训练

2013年高考自主招生考试及高考语文能力训练（Ｃ４７９专用，不得翻印）1.加拿大前外交官朗宁1893年出生于中国。

1923年朗宁竞选省议员时，反对派大肆宣传他是“喝中国人的奶长大的，身上一定有中国的血统”。

假设你是朗宁，请写出一句应答的话，达到让对方明白自己推断错误的效果。

(不超过30字)答：———————————————————————————————————2．下面是郁达夫的散文《故都的秋》中的一段景物描写，请从表达效果的角度予以点评。

要求：语言表达准确、简明、连贯，不超过40字。

秋蝉的衰弱的残声，更是北国的特产；因为北平处处全长着树，屋子又低，所以无论在什么地方，都听得见它们的啼唱。

在南方是非要上郊外或山上去才听得到的。

这秋蝉的嘶叫，在北平可和蟋蟀、耗子一样，简直像是家家户户都养在家里的家虫。

点评：———————————————————————————————3．著名漫画家丁聪不久前去世。

学者刘梦溪撰文悼念，题为“悼念文化孩童丁聪”。

编者将它改为“我们失去了聪明的孩子”。

请比较两个标题，说说编者这样改的理由。

答：4．针对下面的新闻写一段评论，表明自己的看法。

要求观点鲜明，语言简明、得体，60字左右。

3月9日，出席全国政协十一届二次会议的特邀委员、中国首善陈光标在接受记者采访时建议：“在高校推行更大的慈善行动，名牌大学的思想应再解放一点。

富人的子女要读这些名牌大学，差一点分都可以收，但要高额收费。

然后，把这些富人掏出来的钱，用来帮助穷人的孩子上大学，最终实现教育公平。

”答：5．根据语境，在下面横线处补写妈妈说的话，要求语言表达鲜明、得体。

一个孩子拿着一个橘子，问妈妈：“为什么橘子不能拿来就吃，而要剥皮呢？”妈妈答：“那是橘子在告诉你，你想要得到的东西，不是伸手就能得到，而是要付出相应的劳动。

”小孩子又问：“为什么橘子里的果肉是分成一小瓣一小瓣的，而不是一个完整的呢？”妈妈答：“那是橘子在告诉你，6．20世纪70年代美国的“水门事件”是美国历史上最不光彩的政治要闻之一。

【三维设计】2013届高考英语一轮复习提能力创新演练 Unit21 Human Biology 选修

三维设计2013届高考英语一轮复习提能力创新演练：选修七Unit21 Human BiologyA卷Ⅰ.单项填空1．The drug can't cure your disease at all. It can provide only ________ relief from pain.A．compulsory B．contradictoryC．temporary D．contemporary解析：后半句句意为：药物只是临时减缓疼痛。

compulsory“强迫的〞；contrad ictory“相矛盾的〞；temporary“临时的〞；contemporary“当代的〞。

根据句意选C。

答案：C2．(2012·池州统考)Nobody can ________ his rude behavior, and that's why he has no friend.A．accustom B．understandC．cover D．tolerate解析：句意：没有人能容忍他的粗鲁行为，所以他没有朋友。

tolerate“容忍，忍受〞；accustom“习惯于〞；understand“理解〞；cover“覆盖〞。

答案：D3．On his returning from work he found his house ________.A．robbing B．robbedC．stealing D．stolen解析：句意：他一下班回来就发现家被盗了。

房子是不可能被偷(steal)的，故排除C、D 两项；house与rob之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。

答案：B4．(2012·南平模拟)He is an independent person.He always ________ any offer of help.A．declines B．deniesC．rejects D．refuses解析：由句中independent(独立的，不依赖别人的)可知，空格处想表达“拒绝〞的意思。

高考英语典型题型精练 Unit modern living lesson21

落堕市安心阳光实验学校Unit 32 Modern Living Lesson2 北师大版选修11一、单项填空（本大题共5小题，共5分）1. ( ·毕业班质检，30)—Hi, Mr. Smith. Which department do you work in?—I am in the Marketing Department now, but I ________ in the Sales Department before long.A．worked B．will workC．have worked D．will have worked2.When we saw the road with snow, we decided to spend the holidayat home.A. blockB. to blockC. blockingD. blocked3.-The girls in blue are our new classmates.-I know _____.A. theseB. soC. suchD. that4. (2014·河南豫北三校高三下学期联考)—May I go and play with Dick thisafternoon，Mum?—No，you can’t go out________your work is being done.A．before B．untilC．as D．the moment5. (·兰州一中考前冲刺)It is the third time so far that such afestival________in my hometown.A．is held B．has been heldC．will be held D．had been held二、完形填空（本大题共1小题，共30分）One day all the employees of a very famous company reached their office and all saw a big sign on the main door which said this：“Yesterday, the __16__ who has been hindering (阻碍) your growth in this company __17__. We invite you to join the funeral in the room that has been __18__ in the gym. ”In the beginning, they all got __19__ for the death of one, of their colleagues, but after a while they started getting __20__ to know who was that person that hindered the __21__ of their colleagues and the company itself?The __22__ in the gym was such that security agents were ordered to control the crowd __23__ the room. The more people __24__ the coffinis it that was hindering my progress ？”One by one the intrigued(引起好奇心的) employees got closer to thechanges, when your friends change, when your parents change, whenyour husband or wife changes…beliefs inside.impossibilities and losses. Be a winner; build yourself and yourdifference.16．A.person B ．bossC ．signD ．funeral17．A.died away B ．died outC ．passed awayD ．passed out18. A ．protected B ．preventedC ．provedD ．prepared19．A.happy B ．sadC ．joyfulD ．grateful20．A.calm B ．curiousC ．consciousD ．convenient21．A.growth B ．widthC ．faithD ．strength22．A.way B．meaning C．excitement D．disappointment 23．A.within B．without C．about D．around24．A.bought B．sold C．reached D. touched25．A.What B．Which C．Where D．Who26．A.carefully B．actually C．suddenly D．madly 27．A.in silence B．in return C．in heed D．in order28．A.hand B．soul C．mouth D．face29．A.put outside B．put inside C．looked outside D．looked inside 30．A.talked B．spokeC．said D．told31．A.deadlines B．demands C．limits D．lacks32．A.calculate B．cancel C．communicate D．change33．A.go beyond B．go together C．go without D．go towards34．A.acquaintances B．difficulties C．advantages D．bargains35．A.Forget B．FollowC．Remember D．Obey三、阅读理解（本大题共4小题，共40分）A6.Businesses are expected to cut spending dramatically through much of2009. A number of economists, including those National City and Wachovia, don’t expect business investment, which make up about one –tenth of US economic activity, to decline through 2009. According to a survey of 679 chief financial officers by Duke University and CFO Magazine this month, US businesses expect to cut capital spending by more than 10% in the next 12 months, a sharp decrease from September, when the CFOs expected business investment to increase slightly.John Graham, finance professor at Duke and director of the survey, says businesses are finding ways to repair existing machinery and buildings rather than replace equipment or move. They likely won’t increase their spending until they see concrete evidence that the economy is improving.Those planning meeting for late winter and early spring are either buying fewer or less – expensive items, or they’re not buying at all. One client who usually spends about $ 80,000 on a conference each year is spending half that. Robert Coen, director of forecasting at media – analysis firm Magna, predicts a 4.5% drop in ad spending to $ 259 billion in 2009 on the heels of a 3.2% drop in 2008. “A recovery in US ad budgets will probably not get underway until 2010,”he says. Another negative for 2009: There aren’t any big ad –spending events such as the Olympics or national elections.Declining business spending will hurt a number of industries but will be especially tough for the manufacturing sector. Nearly two –thirds of manufacturers expect revenue(税收) to be unchanged or lower in 2009 than 2008, a survey from the Institute for Supply Management found.57.According to John Graham, how did businesses to deal with the economy crisis?A. They are spending less.B. By increasing their business spending sharply.C. By replacing old equipment with the new equipment.D. By moving into the cheaper offices.58.Why are the managers buying less – expensive items for their meetings?A. To save money themselves.B. To cut down on expenses and save for the companies.C. To see the concrete evidence that the economy is on the mend.D. To save money so they spend more on advertisements.59.It can be inferred that in a year Olympics are held, many companies_________.A. contribute more money to the poorB. give the participantsmoneyC. spend more money on advertisingD. cut down on advertisingbudgets60.The best title for the passage is ____________.A. Predictions about Buying New Equipment in 2009B. Predictions about Conference Planning in 2009C. Predictions about Advertising Spending in 2009D. Predictions for Business Spending in 2009B7.（B）The surprising experiment I am about to describe proves that air is all around you and that it proves down upon you. Air pressure is a wonderful force. When you swim underwater, you can feel water push down your body. The air all around you does the same. However, your body is so used to it that you do not notice this. The pressure is caused by a layer of air called the atmosphere. This layer surrounds the Earth, exten ding to about five kilometers above the Earth’s surface.The following experiment is an easy one that you can do at home. But make sure that you are supervised, because you will need to use matches. Now foe the experiment！What you need·A hard-boiled egg without the shell·A bottle with a neck slightly smaller than the egg·A piece of paper·A matchMetheod1） Check that the paper will sit firmly on the neck of the bottle. 2） Tear the paper into strips and put the strips into the bottle. 3） Light the paper by dropping a burning match into the bottle. 4） Quickly sit the egg on the neck of the bottle.ResultAstonishingly, the egg will be sucked into the bottle. Your friends will be amazed when you show them the experiment. But be careful when you handle matches.Why it happenedAs the paper burns, it needs oxygen and uses up the oxygen （air）in the bottle. The egg acts as a seal in the neck of the bottle, so no more air can get inside. This reduces the air pressure inside the bottle. The air pressure must equalize, so more air from outside must enter the bottle. The outside air pressure against the egg and then the egg is pushed into the bottle! The proves that air is all aroundand that it is pressing down on it.60. Why is there the need to take care when you are doing the experiment?A. The bottle could break.B. You need to light the paper with a match.C. The egg needs to be shelled.D. The egg has to be perfectly placed on the neck of the bottle.61. In the experiment, the burning inside the bottle can___.A. equalize the air pressure inside and outsideB. make a seal in the neck of the bottleC. finish up the oxygen inside the bottleD. produce more oxygen inside the bottle62. How did the egg put into the bottle？A. The oxygen inside the bottle sucked the egg in.B. It became salt without the shell.C. The neck of the bottle was wide enough.D. The outside air pressure forced it into the bottle.63. The experiment is carried cut to prove ______.A. water pushes on your body when you swim underwater.B. the earth is surrounded by a layer of air called the atmosphere.C. the pressure of air around us has a powerful force.D. the air pressure is not equalized around us.C 8.CRoger Federer and Serena Williams have been named as 2009' s world champions by the International Tennis Federation（ITF） after topping the year-end rankings．Federer, who wins the honour for the fifth time, completed a career Grand Slam（大满贯）at Roland Garros before winning his 15th Grand Slam ride at Wimbledon．And Williams won the Australian Open and Wimbledon, her llth major success．The pair will receive their awards at the annual 1TF world champions dinner in Paris in June．Federer regained the world number one ranking from Rafael Nadal after his Paris victory and his Wimbledon win over Andy Roddick saw him surpass Pete Sampras' haul of Grand Slam titles．He was also runner - up at the Australian Open and the US Open and helped his country retain its Davis Cup world group status．" It is an honour for me to be named ITF world champion for a fifth time．It was an incredible （不可思议的） year for me both on and off the court," said the 28 - year - old Swiss star whose wife Mirka gave birth to twin girls in July．"To win my first Roland, Garros title, break the all - time Grand Slam record and regain the number one ranking is amazing．It meansa lot to me to finish the year again at the top．"Williams takes the award for the first time since 2002．As well as her Grand Slam wins, she won the season - ending WTA Championships in Doha．sealing the top ranking in the last event of die year．She also took the doubles year award with sister Venus after taking their career total to 10 Grand Slam titles．In doing so, she joins Lindsay Davenport and Martina Hingis as the only players to become singles and doubles world champions in the same year．American twins Bob and Mike Bryan were named as the men' s doubles world champions for the sixth time in seven years．66．What's the main idea of the text?A．Roger Federer got his fifth world champions．B．Serena Williams was named the ITF world champion．C．Roger Federer won his first Roland Garros title．D．Williams & Federer were named 2009' s world champions．67．What does Federer mean by saying that it was an incredible year for him off the court?A．He made a lot of money．B．He regained the world No．One ranking．C． His wife gave birth to twin girls．D．He got a Grand Slam title at Roland Garros．68．In which country might Roland Garros Open take place?A．England．B．Australia C．The United States D．France 69．The underlined words " the award" in Paragraph 9 possibly refer to ____．A．the WTA Campionship B．the ITF world championC．the Australian Open title D．the Wimbledon Open title 70．____ has never got both singles and doubles world champions ina year．A．Serena Williams B．Lindsay DavenportC．Venus Williams D．Martina HingisD9.DThe Cost of Higher EducationIndividuals (个人) should pay for their higher education.A university education is of huge and direct benefit to theindividual. Graduates earn more than non-graduates. Meanwhile, social mobility is ever more dependent on having a degree. However, only some people have it. So the individual, not the taxpayers, should pay for it. There are pressing calls on the resources (资源) of the government. Using taxpayers' money to help a small number of people to earn high incomes in the future is not one of them. www. .com/gaokao/beijingFull government funding (资助) is not very good for universities. Adam Smith worked in a Scottish university whose teachers lived off student fees. He knew and looked down upon18th-century Oxford, where the academics lived comfortably off the income received from the government. Guaranteed salaries, Smith argued, were the enemy of hard work; and when the academics were lazy and incompetent, the students were similarly lazy. www. .com/gaokao/beijingIf students have to pay for their education, they not only work harder, but also demand more from their teachers. And their teachers have to keep them satisfied. If that means taking teaching seriously, and giving less time to their own research interests, that is surely something to celebrate.Many people believe that higher education should be free because it is good for the economy (经济). Many graduates clearly do contribute to national wealth, but so do all the businesses that invest () and create jobs. If you believe that the government should pay for higher education because graduates are economically productive, you should also believe that the government should pay part of business costs. Anyone promising to create jobs should receive a gift of capital from the government to invest. Therefore, it is the individual, not the government, who should pay for their universityeducation.68. The underlined word "them" in Paragraph 2 refers toA. taxpayersB. pressing calls www. .com/gaokao/beijingC. college graduatesD. government resources69. The author thinks that with full government fundingA. teachers are less satisfiedB. students are more demandingC. students will become more competentD. teachers will spend less time on teaching70. The author mentions businesses in Paragraph 5 in order toA. argue against free university educationB. call on them to finance students' studiesC. encourage graduates to go into business www. . com/gaokao/beijingD. show their contribution to higher education四、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25分）10.下面是中学生Catherine给你写的一封信。

高中语文人教版必修二课下能力提升十一+Word版含解析

课下能力提升(十一)就任北京大学校长之演说(时间：40分钟分值：40分)一、基础巩固(12分，每小题3分)1．依次填入下列句子横线处的词语，最恰当的一项是()(1)茅于轼先生是我敬重的经济学家，但是茅先生教育我们要“理直气壮地消除对企业家存有的偏见”，这话就值得__________。

(2)以前美菱公司对工业设计不够重视，如今成立了工业设计中心，使这项工作走上了__________，开始发挥它的功效。

(3)用积极乐观的观点来评价他人当然是可取的，但__________别人却不太可取。

A．商榷正规指摘B．商榷正轨指摘C．商量正轨指责D．商量正规指责2．下列各句中，加点的词语使用恰当的一项是()①唐山师范学院音乐系教师杨胜利表示，“艺考”如今已被不少学习成绩不理想的考生或家长视作考大学或考一流大学的“终南捷径．．．．”。

②日前，台湾一名男子在公交车上殴打一名中年女乘客，而司机和其他乘客都无动于衷．．．．。

③现在的图书很贵，把许多书和资料当废纸卖了总觉得可惜，不卖放在家中也派不上用场，只能束之高阁．．．．。

④军事专家认为极超音速导弹是反恐战争中非常有价值的“猎杀者”，一旦锁定目标，恐怖分子就无地自容．．．．了。

⑤在2017年的新起点，舆论场上隐约兴起一股暴戾之气，不问是非，只看标签，口水乱飞，满城风雨．．．．，但谁都明白，对立和冲突永远不会让这个世界更美好。

⑥长城汽车的H6一月份销量继续在同类车中领先，达到3.6万辆，这惊鸿一瞥．．．．的数字背后，折射的是国产车的质量越来越值得人们的信赖。

A．①②④B．①②③C．②④⑥D．③⑤⑥3．下列各句中，没有语病的一句是()A．随着“萨德”问题在华引发愤怒，一些知名食品品牌如雪冰元素、韩式烤肉汉拿山等，向消费者纷纷澄清它们是100%的中国品牌。

B．系列动漫图书《大中华寻宝记》写的是家常小吃，画的是民家小院，却处处向孩子们传递着中华优秀传统文化的温情与质朴。

C．剑齿虎、猛犸象等古生物物种的消失是在生物进化过程中物竞天择的正常现象，人类完全没有必要执着复活已经灭绝的古代生物。

2013年高考真题江西卷英语(详解版)

2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(江西卷)第一卷(选择题满分115分)第二部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)笫一节单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，共15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中．选出可以填入空白的最佳选项。

21．—Thanks a lot for your book.I found it very interesting.—________.I’m glad you enjoyed it.A．All the best B．It is nothingC．No thanks D．Very well答案 B解析本题考查日常交际用语。

句意为：——谢谢你的书，我觉得这本书很有趣。

——没什么。

我很高兴你喜欢这本书。

C项是汉语式表达；A项表达祝愿；D项意为“很好”；只有B项符合题意，意为“没什么”。

22．Whenever I made mistakes，the teacher pointed them out with ________.A．curiosity B．satisfactionC．envy D．patience答案 D解析本题考查名词词义辨析。

curiosity 好奇心；satisfaction满意；envy嫉妒；patience 耐心。

根据句意“每当我犯错的时候，老师总是耐心地指出我的错误”可知D项意义合适。

23．________ can be good at something for 40 years if he doesn’t love it.A．Anybody B．EverybodyC．Nobody D．Somebody答案 C解析本题考查代词词义辨析。

anybody任何人；everybody每个人；nobody没有人；somebody某人。

24．What a terrible experience！________，you’re safe now—that’s the main thing.A．Anyway B．BesidesC．Otherwise D．Therefore答案 A解析本题考查副词词义辨析。

浙江2013年物理高考能力突破第十一、十二章

第十一、十二章(90分钟100分)第Ⅰ卷(选择题共50分)一、单项选择题(本大题共5小题，每小题5分，共25分，每小题只有一个选项符合题意)1.(2012·银川模拟)在飞机的发展史中有一个阶段，飞机上天后不久，飞机的机翼很快就抖动起来，而且越抖越厉害，后来人们经过了艰苦的探索，利用在飞机机翼前缘处装置一个配重杆的方法解决了这一问题，在飞机机翼前装置配重杆的主要目的是( )A.加大飞机的惯性B.使机体更加平衡C.使机翼更加牢固D.改变机翼的固有频率2.(2012·怀柔模拟)一列简谐横波以10 m/s的速度沿x轴正方向传播，t=0时刻这列波的波形如图所示，则a质点的振动图象为( )3.(2012·福州模拟)图甲为一列横波在t=1.0 s时的波动图象，图乙为该波中x=2 m处质点P的振动图象，下列说法正确的是( )A．波速为4 m/sB．波沿x轴正方向传播C．再过1.0 s，P点的动能最大D ．再过1.25 s ，P 点的振动路程为0.5 cm4.消除噪声污染是当前环境保护的一个重要课题.内燃机、通风机等在排放各种高速气流的过程中都发出噪声，干涉型消声器可以用来减弱高速气流产生的噪声.干涉型消声器的结构及气流运行如图所示，产生波长为λ的声波沿水平管道自左向右传播．当声波到达a 处时，分成两束相干波，它们分别通过r 1和r 2的路程，再在b 处相遇，即可达到减弱噪声的目的．若Δr= r 2-r 1, 则Δr 等于( ) A ．波长λ的整数倍B ．波长λ的奇数倍C ．半波长2λ的奇数倍D ．半波长2λ的偶数倍 5.如图甲为某一波动在t=1.0 s 时刻的图象，图乙为参与波动的某一质点的振动图象，则下列说法正确的是( )A ．这列波的波速是8 m/sB ．图示时刻起Q 质点比P 质点先回到平衡位置C ．乙图是甲图x=1 m 、2 m 、3 m 、4 m 处四个质点中x=2 m 处质点的振动图象D ．若此波遇到另一列波并发生稳定的干涉现象，则该波所遇到的波的频率一定为1 Hz ，振幅一定为0.2 m 二、不定项选择题(本大题共5小题，每小题5分，共25分，每小题至少一个选项符合题意)6.(2012·唐山模拟)酷热的夏天，在平坦的柏油公路上你会看到在一定距离之外，地面显得格外明亮，仿佛是一片水面，似乎还能看到远处车、人的倒影．但当你靠近“水面”时，它也随你靠近而后退．对此现象不正确的解释是( )A ．出现的是“海市蜃楼”，是由于光的折射造成的B ．“水面”不存在，是由于酷热难耐，人产生的幻觉C ．太阳辐射到地面，使地表温度升高，空气折射率大，发生全反射D ．太阳辐射到地面，使地表温度升高，空气折射率小，发生全反射7.如图所示，a 、b 两块足够长的平板玻璃砖平行放置，且折射率n a ＞n b ，现有一束单色光入射到a的上表面，则下列说法正确的是( )A．光在a、b的下表面可能会发生全反射B．从b下表面射出的光线与从a上表面入射的光线平行C．光在a中的速度比光在b中的速度小D．如果a、b厚度一样,则穿透a的时间与穿透b的时间一定相同8.下列说法中正确的是( )A.激光比自然光的相干性好B.紫外线在水中的传播速度大于红外线在水中的传播速度C.在“探究单摆周期与摆长的关系”实验中,测量单摆周期应该从小球经过最低点开始计时,以减小实验误差D.接收电磁波时首先要进行调频9.已知某玻璃对蓝光的折射率比对红光的折射率大，则两种光( )A．在该玻璃中传播时，红光的速度较大B．以相同的入射角从空气斜射入该玻璃中，蓝光折射角较大C．从该玻璃中射入空气发生全反射时，红光临界角较大D．用同一装置进行双缝干涉实验，蓝光的相邻条纹间距较大10.(滚动单独考查)绕有线圈的铁芯直立在水平桌面上，铁芯上套着一个铝环，线圈与电源、开关相连，如图所示.线圈上端与电源正极相连，闭合开关的瞬间，铝环向上跳起.若保持开关闭合，则( )A.铝环不断升高B.铝环停留在某一高度C.铝环跳起到某一高度后将回落D.如果电源的正负极对调，观察到的现象不变第Ⅱ卷(非选择题共50分)三、实验题(本大题共2小题,共12分)11.(6分)用如图所示的装置可以测定玻璃的折射率.在光具盘上固定一块半圆柱形新型玻璃砖，使二者的圆心重合.让激光束从玻璃砖圆弧面一侧射入，光束垂直玻璃砖底面并通过圆心O.保持入射光束方向不变，以圆心为轴逆时针方向缓慢转动光具盘，同时发现有两束光在光具盘上移动，当光具盘转过θ=30°角时，发现其中一束光恰好消失,则：(1)消失的光束应是__________.(2)玻璃的折射率n=__________.12.(6分)在“用双缝干涉测光的波长”的实验中，装置如图所示，双缝间的距离d=3 mm.(1)若测定红光的波长，应选用________色的滤光片，实验时需要测定的物理量有________________和________________.(2)若测得双缝与屏之间距离为0.70 m,通过测量头(与螺旋测微器原理相似，手轮转动一周，分划板前进或后退0.500 mm)观察第1条亮纹的位置如图(a)所示，观察第5条亮纹的位置如图(b)所示，则可求出红光的波长λ=________m.(保留一位有效数字)四、计算题(本大题共4小题，共38分，要有必要的文字说明和解题步骤，有数值计算的要注明单位) 13．(6分)用某一单色光做双缝干涉实验时，已知双缝间距离为0.25 mm，在距离双缝1.2 m处的光屏上，测得5条亮纹间的距离为7.5 mm，试求所用单色光的波长．14.(10分)一棱镜的截面为直角三角形ABC，∠A=30°，斜边AB＝a.棱镜材料的折射率为.在此截面所在的平面内，一条光线以45°的入射角从AC边的中点M射入棱镜，求光线在棱镜上射出的点的位置(不考虑光线沿原路返回的情况).15.(滚动交汇考查)(10分)如图所示，两根足够长固定平行金属导轨位于倾角θ＝30°的斜面上，导轨上、下端各接有阻值R＝20 Ω的电阻，导轨电阻忽略不计，导轨宽度L＝2 m，在整个导轨平面内都有垂直于导轨平面向上的匀强磁场，磁感应强度B ＝1 T ．质量m ＝0.1 kg 、连入电路的电阻r ＝10 Ω的金属棒ab 在较高处由静止释放，当金属棒ab 下滑高度h ＝3 m 时，速度恰好达到最大值v ＝2 m/s ，金属棒ab 在下滑过程中始终与导轨垂直且与导轨接触良好．g 取10 m/s 2.求：(1)金属棒ab 由静止至下滑高度为3 m 的运动过程中机械能的减少量．(2)金属棒ab 由静止至下滑高度为3 m 的运动过程中导轨上端电阻R 中产生的热量． 16.(滚动交汇考查)(12分)如图所示,足够长的光滑绝缘斜面与水平面的夹角为α(sin α=0.6)，放在匀强电场和匀强磁场中，电场强度E=50 V/m ，方向水平向左，磁场方向垂直纸面向外.一个电荷量为q=4×10-2C ，质量m=0.40 kg 的光滑小球，以初速度v 0=20 m/s 从斜面底端向上滑，然后又下滑，共经过3 s 脱离斜面，求磁场的磁感应强度.(g 取10 m/s 2)答案解析1.【解析】选D.飞机飞上天后，在气流周期性驱动力作用下做受迫振动，机翼越抖越厉害说明气流驱动力周期与机翼的固有周期非常接近或相等，在机翼前缘处装置配重杆目的是通过改变机翼的质量来改变其固有频率，使驱动力频率与固有频率相差较大，从而达到减振的目的，故选D.2.【解析】选D.由波形图可知波长为4 m,据v=Tλ可得T=0.4 s ，A 、C 错;据波的传播方向可知t=0时刻a 质点振动方向向下，B 错，D 对.3.【解析】选C.由甲乙两图可知λ=4 m ，T=2 s ，因此波速为2 m/s ，A 错；由图乙知t=1.0 s 时质点P 向下振动，结合图甲可知波沿x 轴负方向传播，B 错；再过1.0 s 质点P 又回到平衡位置，速度最大，动能最大，C 对；再过1.25 s 质点P 越过平衡位置，振动路程大于0.5 cm ，D 错，故选C.4.【解析】选C.由a 处分成两束相干波，振动情况相同，当Δr=r 1-r 2=(2n+1)2λ时，在b 处相遇叠加振动减弱，达到减弱噪声的目的，C 对.5.【解析】选C.由图甲知波长为4 m ，由图乙得T=1 s ，因此这列波的波速是4 m/s ，A 错；据波动图象可知图示时刻起Q 质点向上振动，P 质点比Q 质点先回到平衡位置，B 错；乙图反映质点在t=1.0 s 时刻在平衡位置且向下振动，由图甲知x=2 m 处质点的振动情况与此相同，C 对；此波遇到另一列波并发生稳定的干涉现象，两列波的频率相同，振幅不一定相同,D 错，故选C.6.【解析】选A 、B 、C.酷热的夏天地面温度高，地表附近空气的密度小，空气的折射率下小上大，远处车、人反射的太阳光由光密介质射入光疏介质发生全反射，A 、B 、C 错D 对.7.【解析】选B 、C.根据题意，光线是从空气射入玻璃的，在光线照到a 、b 的下表面时，与下表面法线构成的入射角等于光线通过上表面时的折射角，小于临界角，不可能发生全反射，故A 错.由折射定律可知，平行玻璃砖的作用是使光线发生侧移，出射光线与入射光线平行，故B 正确.由于n a ＞n b ，由n=cv得，v b ＞v a ，若两玻璃砖厚度相同，光线在两玻璃砖中的传播速度不同，所以时间也不同，故C 正确，D 错误. 8.【解析】选A 、C.激光的频率范围小,自然光的频率范围大,故激光的相干性好,A 正确;紫外线的频率高,水对紫外线的折射率大,由v=cn得,折射率大的光线传播速度小,紫外线的传播速度小于红外线的传播速度,B 错误.单摆的周期测量应从平衡位置开始计时,因为平衡位置小球的运动速度快,同样的距离引起的时间误差小,C 正确;接收电磁波时首先要调谐,D 错误.9.【解析】选A 、C.在同一种玻璃中，红光的折射率小于蓝光的折射率，由v ＝cn可知，蓝光在该玻璃中的传播速度小于红光，A 对；两种光的入射角相同，由sin θ2＝1sin nθ可知，蓝光的折射角小于红光的折射角，B 错；由sinC ＝1n可知，红光的临界角大于蓝光的临界角，C 对；由于红光的频率小于蓝光的频率，则红光的波长较长，由干涉条纹间距公式Δx ＝dλl可知，红光的条纹间距较大，D 错．10.【解析】选C 、D.开关闭合瞬间，铝环中的磁通量增加，产生的感应电流受到安培力作用使铝环运动，运动的效果阻碍磁通量的变化，所以铝环向上跳起，开关闭合后，线圈周围的磁场恒定，则铝环将回落，所以A 、B 错误，C 正确；当电源的正负极对调后现象同上，D 正确.11.【解析】(1)由光路分析可知，入射光束分为两束，一是反射光束，一是折射光束，最终消失的是折射光束.(2)由题意知：临界角C=θ=30°,由sinC=1,n得n=1sinC=2. 答案：(1)折射光束 (2)212.【解析】(1)若测定红光的波长，应选用红色的滤光片. 根据Δx=d λl ,λ=xd∆l,故需测量的物理量有双缝到屏的距离l 和n 条条纹间距a. (2)由测量头读数，a=0.640 mm.Δx=1a,4λ=3310.640103104 m 0.7--⨯⨯⨯⨯ =7×10-7 m.答案：(1)红双缝到屏的距离l n 条条纹间距a (2)7×10-713．【解析】由题意知Δx ＝3x 7.510 m n 151-⨯--＝ (3分)l ＝1.2 m.d ＝0.25×10－3m ，根据公式Δx ＝dλ，l得波长λ＝33d 0.25107.510x m 1.24--⨯⨯⨯∆⨯＝l ≈3.9×10-7m. (3分)答案：3.9×10-7m14.【解析】设入射角为θ1，折射角为θ2，由折射定律得12sin sin θθ=n ①由已知条件及①式得θ2=30° ②(2分)如果入射光线在法线的右侧，光路图如图甲所示.设出射点为F ，由几何关系可得AF=3a 8③(2分)即出射点在AB 边上离A 点3a 8的位置.如果入射光线在法线的左侧，光路图如图乙所示.设折射光线与AB 的交点为D.由几何关系可知，在D 点的入射角θ=60° ④(2分) 设全反射的临界角为θC ，则sin θC =1n⑤ 由⑤和已知条件得θC =45°⑥ 因此，光在D 点发生全反射.(2分)设此光线的出射点为E ，由几何关系得∠DEB=90° BD=a-2AF⑦BE=BDsin30°⑧ 联立③⑦⑧式得BE=1a 8(2分)即出射点在BC 边上离B 点1a 8的位置. 答案：见解析15.【解析】(1)金属棒ab 机械能的减少量 ΔE ＝mgh-12mv 2＝2.8 J. (2分)(2)速度最大时金属棒ab 产生的电动势 E ＝BLv(1分) 产生的电流I=ER r 2(1分)此时的安培力F ＝BIL由题意可知，受摩擦力F f ＝mgsin30°－F(1分)由能量守恒得，损失的机械能等于金属棒ab 克服摩擦力做功和产生的总电热之和，电热Q ＝ΔE-F f h/sin30°(2分) 上端电阻R 中产生的热量Q R ＝Q4(2分)联立以上几式得：Q R ＝0.55 J.(1分)答案：(1)2.8 J (2)0.55 J16.【解析】小球沿斜面向上运动过程中受力分析如图所示，由牛顿第二定律，得qEcos α+mgsin α=ma 1，(2分) 故a 1=gsin α+qEcos mα， (1分) 代入数据得a 1=10 m/s 2， (1分) 上行时间t 1=10v a -- =2 s(1分)小球沿斜面下滑过程中受力分析如图所示，小球在离开斜面前做匀加速直线运动，a 2=10 m/s 2(1分) 运动时间t 2=1 s(1分) 脱离斜面时的速度v=a 2t 2=10 m/s(1分)在垂直斜面方向上小球脱离斜面受力条件有： qvB+qEsin α=mgcos α，(2分) 故B=mgcos Esin qv vαα- =5 T(2分)答案：5 T。

英汉汉英视译教程

3. 实词为重，虚词为轻。视译时的阅读和思
维重心要侧重实词语义，淡化虚词。在听译的情
况下，译员本能地用耳朵捕捉由实意词所构成的
主干逻辑关系，只有把关注重心放在了实意词上，
其他虚词、功能词才能起到有效的辅助作用。视
译的情形则与此不同，多数人的阅读习惯是逐字
逐行地阅读，这样会影响视译译员捕捉主干逻辑
的速度，降低理解效率。因此，视译译员需要
了从视译角度提供了充分的解析之外，我们还同时
从其他角度提出了具有实用性和探索性的翻译见解。
我们殷切希望本教材的问世能够引发业界师生们的
深刻思考，使当前我国视译或口译教学效率低下的
现实有所改观，从而开创外语教学的新局面。
鉴于作者学识和经验所限，本教程定有诸多缺
憾，甚至谬误之处，诚请各位同仁不吝赐教。谨此
预致谢意！
编者
2013 年12 月于天津
第5页/共42页
序言
视译既是一种口译形式，也是各种口译、乃
至笔译形式的基础性训练模式。视译的功效是其
他训练形式不能替代的，也是不可或缺的。以下
是编者对有关视译诸方面的问题和普遍性翻译问
题所作的思考和分享，以及就如何使用本教材所
提出的一些建设性意见和忠告。殷切希望初次接
第24页/共42页
译的行为。从译员与发言人讲话的同期性而言，视
译可分为交传视译和同传视译。交传视译是指译员
看着母语讲稿间断地（与发言人交替）口头翻译成
外文，或看着外文讲稿间断地（与发言人交替）口
头翻译成母语，即交替传译中的“带稿交传”
（Consecutive Interpreting with Text）；同传视译是
过原文朗诵时间的一又三分之一为准，这通常指

2013高考语文新人教版必修1综合评估能力提高卷(答案)

2013高考语文新人教版必修1综合评估能力提高卷（答案）考试用时：150分钟试卷满分：150分第Ⅰ卷阅读题甲必考题一、现代文阅读(9分，每小题3分)阅读下面的文字，完成1—3题。

我们为什么如此怀念乔布斯乔布斯走了。

关于乔布斯的一切，旋即成为全球社交网络有史以来的最热话题。

人们不厌其烦地翻出关于他的文字、影像资料，重温他传奇、自由、创造的一生，咀嚼他那激荡人心的睿智言语，心中充满温暖、感激和惋惜。

这份感激和惋惜并非苹果产品用户独有，也包括每一个明了其不可替代价值的人，甚至是那些对强大的苹果公司和乔布斯心怀恐惧的竞争对手。

这不仅是因为他的产品为我们的生活带来了革命性的便利和欢愉的体验，更因为他拥有的那种全人类共同珍视和稀缺的财富——创新精神和富有想像力的心灵。

奥巴马说，乔布斯是美国历史上最伟大的创新者之一，他勇于从不同角度思考问题，敢于相信自己能改变世界。

他确实改变了世界。

数十年来，他一直走在世界的前面，走在时代和科技的最前沿，为全人类探路，为我们照亮未来。

假如没有乔布斯，生活会是怎样？这的确让人难以想象。

现在，即便他已经离开了这个世界，但在生活中，乔布斯依然无处不在。

书桌上、耳朵里、手掌中，你所能看到的、听到的、触摸到的进步和便捷，都有他的身影，甚至连那看似最普通不过的电脑图形化界面和鼠标，也是他的首创。

短短50余年的人生，他创造了一个又一个划时代的奇迹。

即便是2004年接受胰腺癌手术之后，乔布斯也依然带领着苹果公司，为人类奉献了iPad和iPhone，在个人移动终端领域掀起了颠覆性的变革。

乔布斯的想像力和创新精神的确让人赞叹，而他面对疾病和厄运时的那种坚韧和不屈，更让我们感动不已。

如今，乔布斯带着惊天创意渐行渐远，我们希望，下一个乔布斯会在中国出现，下一个苹果会砸中中国的创业者。

作为世界上规模最大的新兴经济体，我们的市场规模和潜力，其实也具备了孕育下一个苹果和乔布斯的基础性条件。

不过，国内当前创新和创业的现状，却不容乐观。

第21讲应考能力提升

[学生用书P190](2021·高考全国卷Ⅰ)世界银行在1968年的贷款工程为62个，贷款总额为9.5亿美元；1981年贷款工程为266个，贷款总额为124亿美元。

出现这一变化是因为() A．美国西欧经济实力下降B．各国关税税率明显降低C．新兴独立国家大量增加D．世界贸易组织大力推动【知识定位】此题考察世界银行的职能变化。

【素养解读】全国卷高考命题以素养考察为主，此题考察“时空观念〞“历史解释〞两方面。

详细解读如下：此题考察方法指导时空观念由“1968年〞“1981年〞推知这一时期是广阔亚非拉国家独立之时历史解释由世界银行1968年和1981年贷款工程与贷款总额发生变化，从62个、9.5亿美元到266个、124亿美元，推知发生变化的原因是世界银行的职能转向全球性的开展援助，随着新兴独立国家大量增加，需要从世界银行获得更多的资金年的贷款工程与贷款总额比照，说明世界政治经济发生了宏大变化。

结合所学知识，世界银行的宗旨之一是为开展中国家提供贷款或帮助，应选C项。

A项与史实不符；B项不是导致题干所述变化的原因；世界贸易组织2021年才成立，排除D项。

【答案】 C■练真题———————————————————1．(2021·高考海南卷)1948年2月，美国的一份报告称，美国拥有世界财富的50%，却只有世界人口的6.3%。

在这种形势下，美国的任务是设计一种在不危及美国国家平安情况下，保持这种优势的“关系形式〞。

可以表达这一“关系形式〞的是() A．确立并维护世界货币体系B．成立北大西洋公约组织C．实行贸易保护主义D．对欧洲进展经济援助解析：选A。

北大西洋公约组织建立于1949年，马歇尔方案施行是在1947年且两者都不符合“世界财富〞这一信息，故可以排除B项和D项；二战后美国主导自由贸易，故C 项错误。

由材料“美国的任务是设计一种在不危及美国国家平安情况下，保持这种优势的‘关系形式’〞，可知这一形式是“布雷顿森林体系〞，所以此题答案为A项。

2013语文高考真题(大纲版)(含答案解析版)

2013 年全国统一高考语文试卷（大纲版）一、（12 分，每小题3 分）1．（3 分）下列词语中加点的字，读音全都正确的一组是（）A．女红．（gōng）安土重．迁（zhòng）商埠．（fǔ）花团锦簇．（cù）B．莅．临（lì）大放厥．词（jué）挟．制（xié）蔫．头呆脑（yān）C．懦．弱（nuò）年高德劭．（shāo）两栖．（qī）沁．人心脾（qīn）D．遽．然（jù）精神抖擞．（sǒu）坍．陷（tā）一柱擎．天（qíng）2．（3 分）下列各句中，加点的成语使用恰当的一项是（）A.客厅墙上挂着我们全家在桂林的合影，尽管照片有些褪色，但温馨和美的亲情历．历．在．目．．B.为了完成在全国的市场布局，我们三年前就行动了，特别是在营销策略的制订上可谓处．心．积．虑．．C.沉迷网络使小明学习成绩急剧下降，幸亏父母及时发现，并不断求．全．责．备．，他才戒掉了网瘾．D.他在晚会上出．神．入．化．的近景魔术表演，不仅令无数观众惊叹不已，还引发了魔术道具的热销．3．（3 分）下列各句中，没有语病的一句是（）A.波士顿马拉松赛的两声爆炸，无疑给大型体育比赛的安保工作敲响了警钟，如何确保赛事安全，成为组织方必须面对的新难题．B.对那些刻苦训练的年轻运动员，即使他们在比赛中偶尔有发挥失常的情况，依然应该受到爱护，绝不能一棍子就把人打倒．C.这次大会的志愿者服务已经完成了，我们咀嚼、体味这一段经历，没有失落感，有的只是在平凡事物中享受奉献、成长与幸福．D.深陷债务危机的希腊和西班牙，失业率已经超过20%，主要是由于这两个国家经济衰退和实施大规模财政紧缩政策所导致的．4．（3 分）依次填入下面一段文字横线处的语句，衔接最恰当的一组是（）岳麓书院已有一千多年的历史，，，，，，，，特别是各处悬挂的历代楹联，散发出浓郁的文化气息。

①院落格局中轴对称、层次递进②给人一种庄严、幽远的厚重感③它集教学、藏书、祭祀于一体④主体建筑头门、大门、二门、讲堂、御书楼集中于中轴线上⑤门堂、斋、轩、楼、每一处建筑都很古朴⑥讲堂布置在中轴线的中央、斋舍、专祠等排列与两旁。

2013年高考全国卷1英语及答案解析

2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语第二部分英语知识运用(共两节,满分55分）第一节单项填空（共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)21。

—-Why, this is nothing but common vegetable soup！—-, madam。

It's our soup of the day。

A. Let me see B。

So it is C。

Don't mention it D. Neither do I 【参考答案】B【考查内容】情景交际【解析思路】这只是普通的蔬菜汤！的确是，女士,这就是我们今天的汤。

22. They might just have a place _____ on the writing course —why don’t you give it a try?A。

leave B. left C. leaving D. to leave【参考答案】B【考查内容】非谓语动词【解析思路】place 与leave是被动关系,所以选过去分词.23。

Try not to cough more than you can ___ since it may cause problems to your lungs。

A。

check B. allow C。

stop D. help【参考答案】D【考查内容】动词【解析思路】在你能忍受的范围内尽量不要咳。

24. If we ____ now to protect the environment，we’ll live to regret it.A。

hadn’t acted B。

haven’t acted C。

don’t act D. won’t act【参考答案】C【考查内容】条件状语从句时态【解析思路】从句用一般现在时表将来。

25。

Tony can hardly boil an egg, still ____ cook dinner.A. lessB. littleC. much D。

高中英语真题-2013届高三第十一次大练习英语试题

高中英语真题:2013届高三第十一次大练习英语试题本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，共150分。

时间120分钟第一部分：英语知识运用（共三节，满分50分）第一节：语音知识（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分相同的选项。

1. steakA. leagueB. teamworkC. eagerD. break2. advised A. competed B. watched C. repaired D. pu nished3. fortune A. comfort B. doctor C. forbid D . report4. among A. fond B. along C. lovely D . modern5. decision A. sugar B. season C. pleasureD. expression第二节：语法和词汇知识（共15小题；每小题15分，满分15分）6. In 1967, ____ British writer by ____ name of Williamson descr ibed this event in his novel.A .a; a B. a; the C. the; a D. t he;/7. —If you keep on breaking the rules, you ’ll be fired.—____? I don’t care.A. What forB. How comeC. So whatD. Why so8. I gave all the newspapers to them and spared ____, though I didn’t have ____ in my flat.A. nothing; muchB. nothing; manyC. none ; muchD. none; many9. —What clothes do you think I should wear for the ball?—Dress ____ you like.A. whatB. whateverC. howD. however10. The central government is taking measures to ____ the pric es of daily necessities.A. put downB. turn downC. bring downD. take down11. —Have you finished your composition already, Jack?—Yes, I ____ it within half an hour.A. have finishedB. finishedC. finishD. had fi nished12. ____ everything into consideration, the result is better than _ ___.A. Taking ; expectedB. Taken; expec tedC. To take ; expectingD. Taking; expecting13. —____ he come to see you as he promised?—Of course. And I’d rather he ____ me the truth.A. Can; coverB. Will; informC. Shall; told D . Should; will tell14. You can’t wear a light blue coat ____ that jacket —it looks terrible.A. overB. aboveC. upD. on15. is such an attractive place of interest ____ everyone likes t o visit.A. thatB. asC. whichD. what16. Having been praised by the teacher, the little girl ran back home,____.A. happily and satisfiedB. eager and excitedlyC. happy and satisfiedD. anxiously and excitedly17. –How long do you suppose it will be ____ he arrives atthe small village?--Five hours or so.A. whenB. beforeC. sinceD. after18. –Were all the passengers on the bus injured in the accident?--No, ____ only the four who got hurt.A. there wasB. there wereC. that wasD. it was19. Students in this school don’t have classes on Wednesday af ternoon, which is ____ , for teachers have a meeting.A. practiceB. actionC. experience D . sense20. An average of 130,000 Chinese ____ abroad for studies eve ry year over the past few years, improving exchanges in the ed ucational fields.A. was goingB. have been goingC. has been goingD. are going第三节：完形填空（共20题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的4个选项 A、B、C、D 中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。

高中英语单元素养提升(三)Unit21HumanBiology(含解析)北师大版选修7

单元素养提升(三)Unit 21Ⅰ. 根据汉语提示拼写单词1. The trees which gave the road its name stood at regular intervals (间隔) along the kerb.2. He went to Japan and soon made a big fortune (大笔钱财).3. His concern (担忧) was that people would know that he was responsible.4. There is a limit to what one person can tolerate(容忍).5. He was doubtful (不肯定的)about accepting extra work.6. Drugs pose a major threat (威胁)to our society.7. Your education will equip (使有所准备) you to earn a good living.8. We are privileged(荣幸的) to welcome you as our speaker this evening.9. We’ll have to postpone(推迟) the meeting until next week.10. Other archaeologists are sceptical (怀疑的) about his findings.Ⅱ. 选用框中短语的适当形式填空1. The people protested to the President but in vain.2. Any decent shot with telescopic sights could pick us off at random.3. He is the kind of man who would avoid becoming involved in tittle-tattle at all costs.4. The spill could wipe out the Gulf’s turtle population.5. At any rate, it was a long uphill struggle for them.6. I am opposed to the suggestion that the theatre be pulled down.7. They spent a lot of money equipping the school with new computers.8. You can try to cater to others, but you should remember who you are.9. We must have faith in the 5G in China because it will definitely become better and better.10. They knocked him down and robbed him of his watch.Ⅲ. 完成句子1. It is relaxing for me to go to the beach.对我来说去海滩是放松的。

2013年高考基本能力试题及答案

58．城市市区的气温比郊区高。

图11为某城市市区轮廓示意图，该城市夏季午后某时刻气温沿图中虚线所示方向的变化曲线可能为图12是某丘陵区域的地形图，等高线密集表明坡度较大、地势较陡；等高线稀疏表明坡度较小、地势较缓。

东部丘陵的森林曾遭受过度采伐。

完成59~61题。

59．关于该区域的地形，下列说法正确的是A．图中E处低于F处B．图中G处高于H处C．图中E处海拔高度大于300米D．由E处到F处地势逐渐上升60．该区域遭遇较强降雨时，东侧的I处很快会流下浑浊的径流，而西侧的G处则过一段时间才流下相对清澈的径流。

造成这种差别的主要原因是两处所在的小流域A．岩性不同B．海拔高度不同C．坡度不同D．植被覆盖率不同61．土地利用方式与地形坡度等因素密切相关。

下列四处最适宜种植农作物的是A．E处B．J处C．K处D．L处62．音程是两个乐音的高低关系，它所包含七音级调式的音级数目为音程的度数，如是一度，是四度。

下列音程为八度的是用盘状蚊香驱蚊时，为控制蚊香燃烧时间，某同学设计了一金属夹片，安放到预设的蚊香熄灭位置。

当燃烧到夹片处时，蚊香就会因热量被夹片快速带走而熄灭（图13）。

完成63~64题。

63．若使金属夹片与蚊香大面积接触，同时还要方便安装，夹片最适合的横截面形状应为64．若按照质量轻、易加工的原则来选材，最适合制作金属夹片的是A．铁片B．钢片C．铝片D．铅片65．2012年6月8日，科学家在某地观测一物体的日光成影状况，根据其影长的变化绘成示意图（图14）。

据图判断，该地位于A．北极圈内B．南极圈内C．北回归线D．南回归线66．全球定位系统（GPS）技术可用于定位、导航。

若在甲、乙两地GPS接收机显示的经纬度坐标分别为北纬36°08′27″、东经118°54′08″和北纬34°08′09″、东经116°53′34″则甲在乙的A．东南方B．东北方C．西南方D．西北方67．从发送方用计算机录制声音文件到接收方用计算机播放声音，信息处理步骤的正确顺序是①数据传输②数据压缩③数据解压④模拟信号转为数字信号⑤数字信号转为模拟信号A．④②①③⑤B．⑤③①②④C．⑤②①③④D．④③①②⑤68．语音文件下载后，接收方用计算机播放声音必需的是A．网卡B．声卡C．交换机D．麦克风69．氢气是目前世界上最有希望替代化石燃料的能源之一。

综合能力提升11

综合能力提升---11第二部分：阅读理解（共两节,满分40分）第一节: （共15小题；每小题2分,满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A“Cleverness is a gift while kindness is a choice. Gifts are easy—they’re given after all. Choices can be hard.”——Jeff BezosI got the idea to start Amazon 16 years ago. I came across the fact that the Internet usage was growing at 2,300 percent per year. I’d never seen or heard of anything that grew that fast, and the idea of building an online bookstore with millions of titles was very exciting to me. I had just turned 30 years old, and I’d been married for a year. I told my wife MacKenzie that I wanted to quit my job and go to do this crazy thing that probably wouldn’t work since most start-ups don’t, and I wasn’t sure what to expect. MacKenzie told me I should go for it. As a young boy, I’d been a garage inventor. I’d always wanted to be an inventor, and she wanted me to follow my passion.I was working at a financial firm in New York City with a bunch of very smart people, and I had a brilliant boss that I much admired. I went to my boss and told him I wanted to start a company selling books on the Internet. He took me on a long walk in Central Park, listened carefully to me, and finally said, “That sounds like a really good idea, but it would be an even better idea for someone who didn’t already have a good job.” That logic made some sense to me, and he convinced me to think about it for 48 hours before making a final decision. Seen in that light, it really was a difficult choice, but ultimately (最后), I decided I had to give it a shot. I didn’t think I’d regret trying and failing. But I believed I would always be haunted by a decision of not trying at all.After much consideration, I took the less safe path to follow my passion, and I’m proud of that choice. For all of us, in the end, we are our choices.31. What inspired the author with the idea of building an online bookstore?A. His dream of being an inventor.B. The support of his wife.C. The greatly increasing usage of the Internet.D. Millions of exciting titles.32. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined sentence?A. The idea of not trying would keep coming to his mind and disturb him.B. He would be very excited if he tried it out.C. He would be always having a doubt if he didn’t try.D. The decision of not trying the online bookstore would terrify him.33. We can know from the passage that __________.A. the boss thought the idea was suitable for the authorB. the author wanted someone else to try the ideaC. the author might not regret if he failed the ideaD. the author might go back to his boss if he failed34. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Cleverness and KindnessB. The Starting of AmazonC. Following My PassionD. We Are What We ChooseBCNN news-Jan 16, 2013Protests (抗议) have been going on for about a week now in the northern Irish capital of Belfast. They started out peacefully, but some of them turned violent later on. There is a lot of history behind these protests, and it starts with geography. What’s interesting is that Northern Ireland is not part of the Republic of Ireland. It’s part of the United Kingdom, and that’s what’s behind this tension. Nationalists, mostly Catholic, think Northern Ireland should be part of the Republic of Ireland. Unionists, or Loyalists, mostly Protestants, want to stay part of the United Kingdom. The conflict between those two groups led to decades of violence, and more than 3,000 people were killed before a peace deal was signed in 1998. The protests happening now are connected to a decision related to the British flag. In Belfast, the capital of Northern Ireland, the flag used to fly over City Hall every day of the year. Last month, local officials decided to limit that to 18 days per year. Unionists weren’t happy about that. In some cases protesters have thrown concrete blocks, bricks, and even gasoline bombs at police. Officers have responded by using water cannons to break up the protesters.Next up, we are heading to the capital of China, Beijing. Experts say that city has something in common with Los Angeles: smog. This gray haze is hanging in the air, making things hard to see. Yesterday, the numbers indicating smog levels were off the charts. Authorities warned people there to stay inside. Last year nearly 700 flights were canceled at Beijing airports because of haze and smog. Officials in China say that the air quality in the capital has gotten better since Beijing hosted the 2008 Olympics, but residents say the pollution levels have gotten worse.35. What’s behind the tension in Belfast?A. Northern Ireland doesn’t belong to the Republic of Ireland.B. Northern Ireland plans to break away from Ireland.C. Northern Ireland intends to become independent.D. Ireland is too complicated a country to be united.36. Which group of people think Ireland should NOT be divided into two parts?A. Unionists.B. Nationalists.C. Loyalists.D. Local officials.37. The direct cause of the protest going on now is that __________.A. lots of people were killed in decades of violenceB. a peace deal was signed between the two groupsC. the police used violence to break up the protestersD. British flag won’t appear over City Hall every day38. According to the news report, what does Beijing have in common with Los Angeles?A. Delayed flights.B. Angry people.C. Smog.D. Hosting Olympics.第三部分：完形填空(共30小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)The world always makes way for the dreamer.When I was twelve years old, my father took me to see Zig Zigler. I remember sitting in that dark hall listening to Mr. Zigler __51__ everyone’s spirits up to the ceiling. I __52__ there feeling like I could do anything. When we got to the car, I turned to my father and said, “Dad, I want to __53__ people feel like that.” My father asked me __54__ I meant. “I want to be a motivational speaker just like Mr. Zigler,” I replied. A (An) __55__ was born.Recently, I began seeking my dream of motivating others. __56__ a four-year relationship with Fortune 100 Company __57__ as a sales-trainer and ending as a regional sales manager, I left the company at the height of my __58__. Many people were __59__ that I would leave after earning a six-figure income. And they wondered __60__ I would risk everything for a dream.I made my __61__ to start my own company and leave my worriless position after __62__ a regional sales meeting. The vice-pre sident of our company made a __63__ that changed my life. He asked us, “If a god would offer you three wishes, what would they be?” After giving us a(an) __64__ to write down the three wishes, he then asked us, “Why do you need a __65__?” I would never for get the power I felt at that moment. I realized that __66__ I had accomplished in the past had prepared me for this moment. I was ready and didn’t need a god’s help to become a motivational speaker. A motivational speaker was __67__.Having made that decision, I was immediately __68__. One week after I gave notice, my husband was laid off from his job, and now we had no __69__. But I held fast to my dream. The wonder really began to happen. In a short time my husband found a better job. And I was able to book several __70__ engagements with new customers. I discovered the unbelievable power of dreams.51. A. rise B. do C. put D. lift52. A. left B. came C. arrived D. reached53. A. get B. hope C. make D. cheer54. A. that B. what C. which D. if55. A. dream B. idea C. girl D. speaker56. A. After B. Before C. Because D. While57. A. working B. beginning C. acting D. regarding58. A. life B. love C. money D. career59. A. disappointed B. moved C. surprised D. delighted60. A. when B. why C. if D. how61. A. plan B. promise C. decision D. mind62. A. attending B. joining C. entering D. holding63. A. newspaper B. speech C. report D. book64. A. day B. week C. moment D. instance65. A. wish B. worker C. company D. god66. A. everything B. anything C. nothing D. something67. A. alive B. dead C. missing D. born68. A. examined B. searched C. found D. tested69. A. help B. harm C. income D. money70. A. selling B. speaking C. writing D. listening第二节：用所给词的适当形式填空或在空白处填上适当的词使句意完整通顺。