英语不能用被动语态的若干情况

We always keep the classroom clean.我们总是保持教室清洁。
The classroom is always kept clean.教室总是保持清洁的。
I don’t agree with him.我不同意他的看法。
误：He isn’t agreed with by me. ()
■宾语是反身代词、相互代词、同源宾语、不定式、v-ing形式及抽象名词等，都不能变为被动句子的主语，如：
I taught myself French.我自学法语。
正：Silk feels soft and smooth.
他并不像他看起来那么傻。
误：He is not such a fool as he is looked.
正：He is not such a fool as he looks.
(2)某些不及动词用主动表被动：用作不及物动词的open, close, shut, read, write, translate, wash, clean, lock, sell, wear, cut, cook等，当主语是物，且因该事物本身具有某一固有特点使得谓语动词能以某种方式得以实现或难以实现时，用主动形式表示被动含义。如：
误：After the fire, nothing was remained.
■不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：take place, break out, belong to等。如：
Great changes have taken place here since 1990.自1990年以来这里发生了巨大的变化.
(1)连用动词用主动表被动：尤其是表示“……起来”的系动词，如sound(听起来), taste(吃起来), smell(闻起来), feel(摸起来), look, seem(看起来)等，尽管它在汉语意思含有被动意味，但英语却要用主动形式表示被动含义。如：
绸子摸起来柔软光滑。
误：Silk is felt soft and smooth.
据说龟比象活得久。
a. People say that tortoises live longer than elephants.
b. It is said that tortoises live longer than elephants.
c. Tortoises are said to live longer than elephants.
She entered the room just now.他刚才进过房间。
误：The room was entered by her just now.
Tom jumped the queue.汤姆插队。
误：The queue was jumped by Tom.
■有些及物的短语动词也没有被动语态，如agree with, arrive at/in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, walk into, belong to等。如：
His suggestion is worth considering.他的建议值得考虑。
This clock is hardly worth repairing.这个钟几乎不值得修了。
主动语态变被动语态的易错点
■含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，但变间接宾语为主语的情况较多。
他们不允许我入场。
主动：They refused me admittance. (正)
被动：I was refused admittance by them. (正)
被动：Admittance was refused me by them. (少见)
主动表被动的常见情形
误：Myself was taught French.
They love each other.他们相爱。
误：Each other is loved.
We live a happy life.我们过着幸福的生活。
误：A happy is lived by us.
She likesTom gave me a present on my birthday.我生日那天汤姆送我一件礼物。
被动：I was given a present by Tom on my birthday.
A present was given to me yesterday.
注意：如果把直接宾语（指物）改为主语，则在间接宾语（指人）前加适当的介词。
以上句子涉及带双宾语动词的被动语态问题。这个问题可以从三个方面去概括：
■有些带双宾语的动词转换为被动语态时，可以有两种形式(即可用直接宾语或间接宾语作主语)，这类动词主要的有：buy，give，lend，pay，show，teach，tell，offer，leave，award等：
他给了她一些钱。
他给她写了封信。
主动：He wrote her a letter. (正)
被动：A letter was written (to) her by him. (正)
被动：She was written a letter by him. (少见)
■有些带双宾语的动词转换为被动语态时，通常要用间接宾语作主语，这类动词主要的有：answer，refuse，save，spare，deny，envy等()：
带双宾语动词的被动语态有何规律
请看几个句子：
主动：He answered me the question. (正)
被动：I was answered the question by him. (正)
被动：The question was answered me by him. (误)
(3)关于let, blame：不定式to blame, to let等作表语时，用主动表示被动。如：
This house is to let.此房出租。
Nobody is to blame for it.谁也不该埋怨。
(4)几个表示“需要”的动词：在表示“(某物)需要”的need, want, require等后的动名词用主动形式表示被动含义。如()：
b. It’s thought that he has made great progress.
c. He is thought to have made great progress.()
常用于这类结构的动词有：say，think，believe，report等。
The book sells well.这本书卖得不错。
The window won’t open.窗子打不开了。
This shirt will wear very long.这衬衫可以穿很久。
This cheese doesn’t cut easily. It’s too soft.这乳酪不容易切，太软了。
人们认为他已离开了。
a. People believe that he has left.
b. It is believed that he has left.
c. He is believed to have left.
他们认为他取得了很大的进步。
a. They think that he has made great progress.
误：Great changes have been taken place here since 1990.
■有的及物动词也没有被动语态，如cost, leave, enter, reach, suit, have, wish, hold, own, lack, fit, resemble, jump, mind等。如：
The house wants painting(= to be painted).房子需要油漆了。
The floor requires washing(= to be washed).地板该洗了。
(5)关于be worth doing sth：在be worth后的动名词用主动表示被动。如：
1.在下列动词后，通常在间接宾语前用介词to：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, sell, show, take,通tell等。
2.在下列动词后，一般在间接宾语前用介词for：build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing等。
误：To swim is liked by her.
介绍一种特殊的被动结构
先看看这个句子：
I don’t know him，but he __________ to have a lot of money.
A. says B. said C. is said D. is saying
主动：He gave her some money. (正)
被动：She was given some money by him. (正)
被动：Some money was given (to) her by him. (正)
■有些带双宾语的动词转换为被动语态时，通常要用直接宾语作主语，这类动词主要的有：do，make，pass，sell，sing，write等：
The Great Wall is known to people all over the world.（不用by短语）
4.有时用间接宾语作主语讲不通或不习惯，必须用直接宾语作主语。如：