国际营销课件

Tmepo or speed in getting" down to business"
Perception of time varies in many cultures
Differences in Communication Styles
Differences in Management Styles Around the World
谦逊与公正 适应快节奏与好 奇 了解他国与喜欢 他人
8>liking for others
9>ability to command respect 10>ability to integrate oneself into the environment 赢得尊重与整合适应
Degree of Adaptation
Theree typical authority patterns Top-level management decisions Decentralized decisions Committeee/Group decidions
Authority structure of businness is influenced by Business size; ownership; public accountability; cultural values
Differenc es in Negotiati ons Emphasi s
Differences with respect to the product, its price and terms, services associated with the product, and finally, friendship between vendors and customers
NO.3
Business ethics is complex in the international marketplace because value judgments differ widely among culturally diverse groups
Corruption varyingly defined from culture to culture Existence of different levels of corruption, bribery, and fraud The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act1997: Imprisonment for bribery
Differences in Communication Styles
According to Edward T.Hall, the symbolic meanings of time, space, things, friendships, and agreements, vary across cultures "In some cultures,messages are explicit; the words carry most of the verbal part of the message since more is in the context High-context culture Depends heavily on the context(who says it, when it is said, how it is said)or nonverbal aspects of communication. Low-context culture Depends more on explicit, verbally expressed communication
Gender Bias in International Business
NO.1
The gender bias against women managers exists in some countries
NO.2
Women are not accepted in upper level mana gement roles in Asian, Middle Eastern, and Latin American Gender bias poses significant challenges in cross cultural negotiations
Wanys in which U.S. culture has influenced manageme nt style include, but are not limited to
Management Styles Around the World
1, Authority and Decision Making 2, Management Objectives and Aspirations
by neighbors and fellow workers
Power and Achievemnt Orientation
sought by managers
Importance of personal/fa mily life orer work and profit
Differences in Management Styles Around the World
3
4
Gender Bias in International Business
Contents
DO BLONDES HAVE MORE FUN IN JAPAN?
5 6
Business Ethics
Culture’s Influence on Strategic Thinking Synthesis: Relationship-Oriented versus Information-Oriented Cultures
7
8
Required Adaptation Degree of Adaptation Imperatives, Electives, and Exclusives As a guide to adaptation, all who wish to deal with individuals, firms, or authorities n foreign countries should be able to meet 10 basic criteria.
Differences in Management Styles Around the World
Security
especially of lifetime employment Differences in Management Styles Around the World
Affiliation and Social Acceptance
Required Adaptteria 1>open tolerance
开放与灵活
2>flexibility 4>justice/fairness
6>curiosity/intere st
3>humility
5>ability to adjust to varying tempos 7>knowledge of the country
Cultura imperatives are the business customs and Cultural expectations that must be Imperativ mer, conformed, es recognized and accommodated if relationships are to be 强制性，选择性 successful
Differences in Management Styles Around the World P-Time versus M-Time Edward Hall defines two time systems:Monochronic tme(low-context cultures) To concentrate on one thing at a time; To divide time into small units; Promptness. Example:"They are always prompt". Polychronic time (high-context cultures):The simultaneous occurrence of many things;" a great involvement with people"; no holding to schedules. Example:"They are always late". Most cultures offer a mix of P-time % M-time behavvior
Differences in Management Styles Around the World
Differences in Authority and Decision Making: In high-PDI countries subordiantes are not likely to contradict bosses, but in low-PDI countries they often do
Differences in Management Styles Around the World
2 1 Level of formality in addressing business clients by first name.
3 4
Level of formality in addressing your boss by first name