高分子专业名词翻译
高分子物理常见名词释义(精)
高分子物理常见名词Θ溶剂(Θ solvent)：链段-溶剂相互吸引刚好抵消链段间空间排斥的溶剂，形成高分子溶液时观察不到远程作用，该溶剂中的高分子链的行为同无扰链Θ温度(Θ temperature)：溶剂表现出Θ溶剂性质的温度Argon理论(Argon theory)：一种银纹扩展过程的模型，描述了分子链被伸展将聚合物材料空化的过程Avrami方程(Avrami equation)：描述物质结晶转化率与时间关系的方程：Kt-α，α为转化率，K与n称Avrami常数(Avrami constants) =-1n)exp(Bingham流体(Bingham liquid)：此类流体具有一个屈服应力σy，应力低于σy时不产生形变，当应力大于σy时才发生流动，应力高于σy的部分与应变速率呈线性关系Boltzmann叠加原理(Blotzmann superposition principle)：Boltzmann提出的粘弹性原理：认为样品在不同时刻对应力或应变的响应各自独立并可线性叠加Bravais晶格(Bravais lattice)：结构单元在空间的排列方式Burger's模型(Burger's model)：由一个Maxwell模型和一个Kelvin模型串联构成的粘弹性模型Cauchy应变(Cauchy strain)：拉伸引起的相对于样品初始长度的形变分数，又称工程应变Charpy冲击测试(Charpy impact test)：样品以简支梁形式放置的冲击强度测试，测量样品单位截面积的冲击能Considère构图(Considère construction)：以真应力对工程应作图以判定细颈稳定性的方法Eyring模型(Eyring model)：一种描述材料形变过程的分子模型，认为形变是结构单元越过能垒的跳跃式运动Flory-Huggins参数(Flory-Huggins interaction parameter)：描述聚合物链段与溶剂分子间相互作用的参数，常用χ表示，物理意义为一个溶质分子被放入溶剂中作用能变化与动能之比2.11.2Flory构图(Flory construction)：保持固定拉伸比所需的力f对实验温度作图得到，由截距确定内能对拉伸力的贡献，由斜率确定熵对拉伸力的贡献Flory特征比(characteristic ratio)：无扰链均方末端距与自由连接链均方末端距的比值Griffith理论(Griffith theory)：一种描述材料断裂机理的理论，认为断裂是吸收外界能量产生新表面的过程Hencky应变(Hencky strain)：拉伸引起的相对于样品形变分数积分，又称真应变Hermans取向因子(Hermans orientation factor)：描述结构单元取向程度的参数，是结构单元与参考方向夹角余弦均方值的函数Hoffman-Weeks作图法(Hoffman-Weeks plot)：一种确定平衡熔点的方法。
高分子专业术语中英文对照表
高分子专业术语中英文对照表加工 processing反应性加工 reactive processing等离子体加工 plasma processing加工性 processability熔体流动指数 melt [flow] index门尼粘度 Mooney index塑化 plasticizing增塑作用 plasticization内增塑作用 internal plasticization外增塑作用 external plasticization增塑溶胶 plastisol增强 reinforcing增容作用 compatibilization相容性 compatibility相溶性 intermiscibility生物相容性 biocompatibility血液相容性 blood compatibility组织相容性 tissue compatibility混炼 milling, mixing素炼 mastication塑炼 plastication过炼 dead milled橡胶配合 rubber compounding共混 blend捏和 kneading冷轧 cold rolling压延性 calenderability压延 calendering埋置 embedding压片 preforming模塑 molding模压成型 compression molding压缩成型 compression forming冲压模塑 impact moulding, shock moulding叠模压塑 stack moulding复合成型 composite molding注射成型 injection molding注塑压缩成型 injection compression molding射流注塑 jet molding无流道冷料注塑 runnerless injection molding共注塑 coinjection molding气辅注塑 gas aided injection molding注塑焊接 injection welding传递成型 transfer molding树脂传递成型 resin transfer molding铸塑 cast熔铸 fusion casting铸塑成型 cast molding单体浇铸 monomer casting挤出 extrusion共挤出 coextrusion多层挤塑 multi-layer extrusion共挤吹塑 coextrusion blow molding同轴挤塑 coaxial extrusion吹胀挤塑 blown extrusion挤出吹塑 extrusion blow molding挤拉吹塑成型 extrusion draw blow molding反应性挤塑 reactive extrusion固相挤出 solid-phase extrusion发泡 expanding foam后发泡 post expansion物理发泡 physical foam化学发泡 chemical foam吹塑 blow molding多层吹塑 multi-layer blow molding拉伸吹塑成型 stretch blow molding滚塑 rotational moulding反应注射成型 reaction injection molding, RIM 真空成型 vacuum forming无压成型 zero ressure molding真空烧结 vacuum sintering真空袋成型 vacuum bag molding热成型 thermal forming拉伸热成型 stretch thermoforming袋模塑 bag molding糊塑 paste molding镶铸 imbedding冲压成型 impact molding触压成型 impression molding层压材料 laminate泡沫塑料成型 foam molding包模成型 drape molding充气吹胀 inflation橡胶胶乳 rubber latex胶乳 latex高分子胶体 polymer colloid生橡胶 raw rubber，crude rubber硬质胶 ebonite再生胶 reclaimed rubber充油橡胶 oil-extended rubber母胶 masterbatch交联 crosslinking固化 cure光固化 photo-cure硫化 vulcanization后硫化 post cure，post vulcanization自硫[化] bin cure自交联 self crosslinking , self curing过硫 over cure返硫 reversion欠硫 under cure动态硫化 dynamic vulcanization不均匀硫化 heterogeneous vulcanization开始[硫化]效应 set-up effect自动硫化 self-curing, self-vulcanizing焦烧 scorching无压硫化 non-pressure cure模压硫化 moulding curing常温硫化 auto-vulcanization热硫化 heat curing蒸汽硫化 steam curing微波硫化 micro wave curing辐射硫化 radiation vulcanization辐射交联 radiation crosslinking连续硫化 continuous vulcanization无模硫化 open vulcanization成纤 fiber forming可纺性 spinnability纺丝 spinning干纺 dry spinning湿纺 wet spinning干湿法纺丝 dry wet spinning干喷湿法纺丝 dry jet wet spinning溶液纺丝 solution spinning乳液纺丝 emulsion spinning乳液闪蒸纺丝法 emulsion flash spinning process 喷射纺丝 jet spinning喷纺成形 spray spinning液晶纺丝 liquid crystal spinning熔纺 melt spinning共混纺丝 blended spinning凝胶纺[丝] gel spinning反应纺丝 reaction spinning静电纺丝 electrostatic spinning高压纺丝 high-pressure spinning复合纺丝 conjugate spinning无纺布 non-woven fabrics单丝 monofilament, monofil复丝 multifilament全取向丝 fully oriented yarn中空纤维 hollow fiber皮芯纤维 sheath core fiber共纺 cospinning冷拉伸 cold drawing, cold stretching 单轴拉伸 uniaxial drawing，uniaxial elongation双轴拉伸 biaxial drawing多轴拉伸 multiaxial drawing皮心效应 skin and core effect皮层效应 skin effect防缩 non-shrink熟成 ripening垂挂 sag定型 sizing起球现象 pilling effect捻度 twist旦 denier特 tex纱 yarn股 strand粘合 adhesion反应粘合 reaction bonding压敏粘合 pressure sensitive adhesion 底漆 primer浸渍 impregnation浸渍树脂 solvent impregnated resin基体 matrix聚合物表面活性剂 polymeric surfactant 高分子絮凝剂 polymeric flocculant预发颗粒 pre-expanded bead高分子膜 polymeric membraneH-膜 H-filmLB膜 Langmuir Blodgett film (LB film) 半透膜 semipermeable membrane反渗透膜 Reverse osmosis membrance多孔膜 porous membrane各向异性膜 anisotropic membrane正离子交换膜 cation exchange membrane负离子交换膜 anionic exchange membrane 吸附树脂 polymeric adsorbent添加剂 additive固化剂 curing agent潜固化剂 latent curing agent硫化剂 vulcanizing agent给硫剂 sulfur donor agent, sulfur donor 硫化促进剂 vulcanization accelerator硫化活化剂 vulcanization activator活化促进剂 activating accelerator活化剂 activator防焦剂 scorch retarder抗硫化返原剂 anti-reversion agent塑解剂 peptizer偶联剂 coupling agent硅烷偶联剂 silane coupling agent钛酸酯偶联剂 titanate coupling agent铝酸酯偶联剂 aluminate coupling agent 增强剂 reinforcing agent增硬剂 hardening agent惰性填料 inert filler增塑剂 plasticizer辅增塑剂 coplasticizer增粘剂 tackifier增容剂 compatibilizer增塑增容剂 plasticizer extender分散剂 dispersant agent结构控制剂 constitution controller色料 colorant荧光增白剂 optical bleaching agent抗降解剂 antidegradant防老剂 anti-aging agent防臭氧剂 antiozonant抗龟裂剂 anticracking agent抗疲劳剂 anti-fatigue agent抗微生物剂 biocide防蚀剂 anti-corrosion agent光致抗蚀剂 photoresist防霉剂 antiseptic防腐剂 rot resistor防潮剂 moisture proof agent除臭剂 re-odorant抗氧剂 antioxidant热稳定剂 heat stabilizer抗静电添加剂 antistatic additive抗静电剂 antistatic agent紫外线稳定剂 ultraviolet stabilizer紫外光吸收剂 ultraviolet absorber光稳定剂 light stabilizer, photostabilizer 光屏蔽剂 light screener发泡剂 foaming agent物理发泡剂 physical foaming agent化学发泡剂 chemical foaming agent脱模剂 releasing agent内脱模剂 internal releasing agent外脱模剂 external releasing agent阻燃剂 flame retardant防火剂 fire retardant烧蚀剂 ablator润滑剂 lubricant湿润剂 wetting agent隔离剂 separant增韧剂 toughening agent抗冲改性剂 impact modifier消泡剂 antifoaming agent减阻剂 drag reducer破乳剂 demulsifier粘度改进剂 viscosity modifier增稠剂 thickening agent, thickener阻黏剂 abhesive洗脱剂 eluant附聚剂 agglomerating agent后处理剂 after-treating agent催干剂 drier防结皮剂 anti-skinning agent纺织品整理剂 textile finishing agent－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－高物高化类：结构单元 constitutional unit重复结构单元 constitutional repeating unit 构型单元 configurational unit立构重复单元 stereorepeating unit立构规整度 tacticity等规度, 全同立构[规整]度 isotacticity间同度，间同立构[规整]度 syndiotacticity无规度，无规立构度 atacticity嵌段 block规整嵌段 regular block非规整嵌段 irregular block立构嵌段 stereoblock有规立构嵌段 isotactic block无规立构嵌段 atactic block单体单元 monomeric unit二单元组 diad三单元组 triad四单元组 tetrad五单元组 pentad无规线团 random coil自由连接链 freely-jointed chain自由旋转链 freely-rotating chain蠕虫状链 worm-like chain柔性链 flexible chain链柔性 chain flexibility刚性链 rigid chain棒状链 rodlike chain链刚性 chain rigidity聚集 aggregation聚集体 aggregate凝聚、聚集 coalescence链缠结 chain entanglement凝聚缠结 cohesional entanglement物理缠结 physical entanglement拓扑缠结 topological entanglement凝聚相 condensed phase凝聚态 condensed state凝聚过程 condensing process临界聚集浓度 critical aggregation concentration 线团-球粒转换 coil-globule transition受限链 confined chain受限态 confined state物理交联 physical crosslinking统计线团 statistical coil等效链 equivalent chain统计链段 statistical segment链段 chain segment链构象 chain conformation无规线团模型 random coil model无规行走模型 random walk model自避随机行走模型 self avoiding walk model卷曲构象 coiled conformation高斯链 Gaussian chain无扰尺寸 unperturbed dimension扰动尺寸 perturbed dimension热力学等效球 thermodynamically equivalent sphere近程分子内相互作用 short-range intramolecular interaction远程分子内相互作用 long-range intramolecular interaction链间相互作用 interchain interaction链间距 interchain spacing长程有序 long range order近程有序 short range order回转半径 radius of gyration末端间矢量 end-to-end vector链末端 chain end末端距 end-to-end distance无扰末端距 unperturbed end-to-end distance均方根末端距 root-mean-square end-to-end distance伸直长度 contour length相关长度 persistence length主链；链骨架 chain backbone支链 branch chain链支化 chain branching短支链 short-chain branch长支链 long-chain branch支化系数 branching index支化密度 branching density支化度 degree of branching交联度 degree of crosslinking网络 network网络密度 network density溶胀 swelling平衡溶胀 equilibrium swelling分子组装，分子组合 molecular assembly自组装 self assembly微凝胶 microgel凝胶点 gel point可逆[性]凝胶 reversible gel溶胶-凝胶转化 sol-gel transformation临界胶束浓度 critical micelle concentration，CMC组成非均一性 constitutional heterogenity, compositional heterogenity 摩尔质量平均 molar mass average数均分子量 number-average molecular weight, number-average molar mass重均分子量 weight-average molecular weight, weight-average molar mass Z均分子量 Z(Zaverage)-average molecular weight, Z-molar mass黏均分子量 viscosity-average molecular weight，viscosity-average molar mass表观摩尔质量 apparent molar mass表观分子量 apparent molecular weight聚合度 degree of polymerization动力学链长 kinetic chain length单分散性 monodispersity临界分子量 critical molecular weight分子量分布 molecular weight distribution，MWD多分散性指数 polydispersity index，PID平均聚合度 average degree of polymerization质量分布函数 mass distribution function数量分布函数 number distribution function重量分布函数 weight distribution function舒尔茨-齐姆分布 Schulz-Zimm distribution最概然分布 most probable distribution对数正态分布 logarithmic normal distribution聚合物溶液 polymer solution聚合物-溶剂相互作用 polymer-solvent interaction溶剂热力学性质 thermodynamic quality of solvent均方末端距 mean square end to end distance均方旋转半径 mean square radius of gyrationθ温度 theta temperatureθ态 theta stateθ溶剂 theta solvent良溶剂 good solvent不良溶剂 poor solvent位力系数 Virial coefficient排除体积 excluded volume溶胀因子 expansion factor溶胀度 degree of swelling弗洛里-哈金斯理论 Flory-Huggins theory哈金斯公式 Huggins equation哈金斯系数 Huggins coefficientχ(相互作用)参数χ-parameter溶度参数 solubility parameter摩擦系数 frictional coefficient流体力学等效球 hydrodynamically equivalent sphere流体力学体积 hydrodynamic volume珠-棒模型 bead-rod model球-簧链模型 ball-spring [chain] model流动双折射 flow birefringence, streaming birefringence动态光散射 dynamic light scattering小角激光光散射 low angle laser light scattering沉降平衡 sedimentation equilibrium沉降系数 sedimentation coefficient沉降速度法 sedimentation velocity method沉降平衡法 sedimentation equilibrium method相对黏度 relative viscosity相对黏度增量 relative viscosity increment黏度比 viscosity ratio黏数 viscosity number[乌氏]稀释黏度计 [Ubbelohde] dilution viscometer毛细管黏度计 capillary viscometer落球黏度计 ball viscometer落球黏度 ball viscosity本体黏度 bulk viscosity比浓黏度 reduced viscosity比浓对数黏度 inherent viscosity, logarithmic viscosity number 特性黏数 intrinsic viscosity, limiting viscosity number黏度函数 viscosity function零切变速率黏度 zero shear viscosity端基分析 analysis of end group蒸气压渗透法 vapor pressure osmometry, VPO辐射的相干弹性散射 coherent elastic scattering of radiation 折光指数增量 refractive index increment瑞利比 Rayleigh ratio超瑞利比 excess Rayleigh ratio粒子散射函数 particle scattering function粒子散射因子 particle scattering factor齐姆图 Zimm plot散射的非对称性 dissymmetry of scattering解偏振作用 depolarization分级 fractionation沉淀分级 precipitation fractionation萃取分级 extraction fractionation色谱分级 chromatographic fractionation柱分级 column fractionation洗脱分级，淋洗分级 elution fractionation热分级 thermal fractionation凝胶色谱法 gel chromatography摩尔质量排除极限 molar mass exclusion limit溶剂梯度洗脱色谱法 solvent gradient [elution] chromatography 分子量排除极限 molecular weight exclusion limit洗脱体积 elution volume普适标定 universal calibration加宽函数 spreading function链轴 chain axis等同周期 identity period链重复距离 chain repeating distance晶体折叠周期 crystalline fold period构象重复单元 conformational repeating unit几何等效 geometrical equivalence螺旋链 helix chain构型无序 configurational disorder链取向无序 chain orientational disorder构象无序 conformational disorder锯齿链 zigzag chain双[股]螺旋 double stranded helix[分子]链大尺度取向 global chain orientation结晶聚合物 crystalline polymer半结晶聚合物 semi-crystalline polymer高分子晶体 polymer crystal高分子微晶 polymer crystallite结晶度 degree of crystallinity, crystallinity 高分子[异质]同晶现象 macromolecular isomorphism 聚合物形态学 morphology of polymer片晶 lamella, lamellar crystal轴晶 axialite树枝[状]晶体 dendrite纤维晶 fibrous crystal串晶结构 shish-kebab structure球晶 spherulite折叠链 folded chain链折叠 chain folding折叠表面 fold surface折叠面 fold plane折叠微区 fold domain相邻再入模型 adjacent re-entry model接线板模型 switchboard model缨状微束模型 fringed-micelle model折叠链晶体 folded-chain crystal平行链晶体 parallel-chain crystal伸展链晶体 extended-chain crystal球状链晶体 globular-chain crystal长周期 long period近程结构 short-range structure远程结构 long-range structure成核作用 nucleation分子成核作用 molecular nucleation阿夫拉米方程 Avrami equation主结晶 primary crystallization后期结晶 secondary crystallization外延结晶，附生结晶 epitaxial crystallization外延晶体生长，附生晶体生长 epitaxial growth织构 texture液晶态 liquid crystal state溶致性液晶 lyotopic liquid crystal热致性液晶 thermotropic liquid crystal热致性介晶 thermotropic mesomorphism近晶相液晶 smectic liquid crystal近晶中介相 smectic mesophase近晶相 smectic phase条带织构 banded texture环带球晶 ringed spherulite向列相 nematic phase盘状相 discotic phase解取向 disorientation分聚 segregation非晶相 amorphous phase非晶区 amorphous region非晶态 amorphous state非晶取向 amorphous orientation链段运动 segmental motion亚稳态 metastable state相分离 phase separation亚稳相分离 spinodal decompositionbimodal decomposition微相 microphase界面相 boundary phase相容性 compatibility混容性 miscibility不相容性 incompatibility不混容性 immiscibility增容作用 compatiibilization最低临界共溶(溶解)温度 lower critical solution temperature, LCST 最高临界共溶(溶解)温度 upper critical solution temperature , UCST 浓度猝灭 concentration quenching激基缔合物荧光 excimer fluorescence激基复合物荧光 exciplex fluorescence激光共聚焦荧光显微镜 laser confocal fluorescence microscopy单轴取向 uniaxial orientation双轴取向 biaxial orientation, biorientation取向度 degree of orientation橡胶态 rubber state玻璃态 glassy state高弹态 elastomeric state黏流态 viscous flow state伸长 elongation高弹形变 high elastic deformation回缩性，弹性复原 nerviness拉伸比 draw ratio, extension ratio泊松比 Poisson's ratio杨氏模量 Young's modulus本体模量 bulk modulus剪切模量 shear modulus法向应力 normal stress剪切应力 shear stress剪切应变 shear strain屈服 yielding颈缩现象 necking屈服应力 yield stress屈服应变 yield strain脆性断裂 brittle fracture脆性开裂 brittle cracking脆-韧转变 brittle ductile transition脆化温度 brittleness(brittle) temperature延性破裂 ductile fracture冲击强度 impact strength拉伸强度 tensile strength极限拉伸强度 ultimate tensile strength抗撕强度 tearing strength弯曲强度 flexural strength, bending strength 弯曲模量 bending modulus弯曲应变 bending strain弯曲应力 bending stress收缩开裂 shrinkage crack剪切强度 shear strength剥离强度 peeling strength疲劳强度 fatigue strength, fatigue resistance 挠曲 deflection压缩强度 compressive strength压缩永久变形 compression set压缩变形 compressive deformation压痕硬度 indentation hardness洛氏硬度 Rockwell hardness布氏硬度 Brinell hardness抗刮性 scrath resistance断裂力学 fracture mechanics力学破坏 mechanical failure应力强度因子 stress intensity factor断裂伸长 elongation at break屈服强度 yield strength断裂韧性 fracture toughness弹性形变 elastic deformation弹性滞后 elastic hysteresis弹性 elasticity弹性模量 modulus of elasticity弹性回复 elastic recovery不可回复形变 irrecoverable deformation 裂缝 crack银纹 craze形变；变形 deformation永久变形 deformation set剩余变形 residual deformation剩余伸长 residual stretch回弹，回弹性 resilience延迟形变 retarded deformation延迟弹性 retarded elasticity可逆形变 reversible deformation应力开裂 stress cracking应力-应变曲线 stress strain curve拉伸应变 stretching strain拉伸应力弛豫 tensile stress relaxation 热历史 thermal history热收缩 thermoshrinking扭辫分析 torsional braid analysis，TBA 应力致白 stress whitening应变能 strain energy应变张量 strain tensor剩余应力 residual stress应变硬化 strain hardening应变软化 strain softening电流变液 electrorheological fluid假塑性 pseudoplastic拉胀性 auxiticity牛顿流体 Newtonian fluid非牛顿流体 non-Newtonian fluid宾汉姆流体 Bingham fluid冷流 cold flow牛顿剪切黏度 Newtonian shear viscosity 剪切黏度 shear viscosity表观剪切黏度 apparent shear viscosity剪切变稀 shear thinning触变性 thixotropy塑性形变 plastic deformation塑性流动 plastic flow体积弛豫 volume relaxation拉伸黏度 extensional viscosity黏弹性 viscoelasticity线性黏弹性 linear viscoelasticity非线性黏弹性 non-linear viscoelasticity蠕变 creep弛豫[作用] relaxation弛豫模量 relaxation modulus蠕变柔量 creep compliance热畸变温度 heat distortion temperature弛豫谱 relaxation spectrum推迟[时间]谱 retardation [time] spectrum弛豫时间 relaxation time推迟时间 retardation time动态力学行为 dynamic mechanical behavior动态黏弹性 dynamic viscoelasticity热-机械曲线 thermo-mechanical curve动态转变 dynamic transition储能模量 storage modulus损耗模量 loss modulus复数模量 complex modulus复数柔量 complex compliance动态黏度 dynamic viscosity复数黏度 complex viscosity复数介电常数 complex dielectric permittivity介电损耗因子 dielectric dissipation factor介电损耗常数 dielectric loss constant介电弛豫时间 dielectric relaxation time玻璃化转变 glass transition玻璃化转变温度 glass-transition temperature次级弛豫 secondary relaxation次级转变 secondary transition次级弛豫温度 secondary relaxation temperature开尔文模型 Kelvin model麦克斯韦模型 Maxwell model时-温叠加原理 time-temperature superposition principle 玻耳兹曼叠加原理 Boltzmann superposition principle平移因子 shift factorWLF公式 WLF[Williams-Lendel-Ferry] equation软化温度 softening temperature平衡熔点 equilibrium melting point物理老化 physical ageing光老化 photoageing热老化 thermal ageing热氧老化 thermo-oxidative ageing人工老化 artificial ageing加速老化 accelerated ageing计算机模拟 computer simulation分子动力学模拟 molecular dynamics simulation蒙特卡洛模拟 Monte Carlo simulation－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－聚合反应类：单体 monomer官能度 functionality平均官能度 average functionality双官能［基］单体 bifunctional monomer三官能［基］单体 trifunctional monomer乙烯基单体 vinyl monomer1,1-亚乙烯基单体，偏［二］取代乙烯单体 vinylidene monomer1,2-亚乙烯基单体，1,2-二取代乙烯单体 vinylene monomer双烯单体，二烯单体 diene monomer极性单体 polar monomer非极性单体 non polar monomer共轭单体 conjugated monomer非共轭单体 non conjugated monomer活化单体 activated monomer官能单体 functional monomer大分子单体 macromer, macromonomer环状单体 cyclic monomer共聚单体 comonomer聚合［反应］ polymerization均聚反应 homopolymerization低聚反应，齐聚反应 (曾用名) oligomerization调聚反应 telomerization自发聚合 spontaneous polymerization预聚合 prepolymerization后聚合 post polymerization再聚合 repolymerization铸塑聚合, 浇铸聚合 cast polymerization链［式］聚合 chain polymerization烯类聚合，乙烯基聚合 vinyl polymerization双烯［类］聚合 diene polymerization加［成］聚［合］ addition polymerization自由基聚合，游离基聚合 (曾用名) free radical polymerization,radical polymerization控制自由基聚合，可控自由基聚合 controlled radical polymerization，CRP活性自由基聚合 living radical polymerization原子转移自由基聚合 atom transfer radical polymerization，ATRP反向原子转移自由基聚合 reverse atom transfer radical polymerization， RATRP 可逆加成断裂链转移 reversible addition fragmentation chaintransfer，RAFT氮氧[自由基]调控聚合 nitroxide mediated polymerization稳定自由基聚合 stable free radical polymerization，FRP自由基异构化聚合 free radical isomerization polymerization自由基开环聚合 radical ring opening polymerization氧化还原聚合 redox polymerization无活性端聚合，死端聚合 (曾用名) dead end polymerization光［致］聚合 photo polymerization光引发聚合 light initiated polymerization光敏聚合 photosensitized polymerization四中心聚合 four center polymerization电荷转移聚合 charge transfer polymerization辐射引发聚合 radiation initiated polymerization热聚合 thermal polymerization电解聚合 electrolytic polymerization等离子体聚合 plasma polymerization易位聚合 metathesis polymerization开环易位聚合 ring opening metathesis polymerization，ROMP精密聚合 precision polymerization环化聚合 cyclopolymerization拓扑化学聚合 topochemical polymerization平衡聚合 equilibrium polymerization离子［型］聚合 ionic polymerization辐射离子聚合 radiation ion polymerization离子对聚合 ion pair polymerization正离子聚合，阳离子聚合 cationic polymerization碳正离子聚合 carbenium ion polymerization,carbocationic polymerization假正离子聚合 pseudo cationic polymerization假正离子活［性］聚合 pseudo cationic living polymerization活性正离子聚合 living cationic polymerization负离子聚合，阴离子聚合 anionic polymerization碳负离子聚合 carbanionic polymerization活性负离子聚合 living anionic polymerization负离子环化聚合 anionic cyclopolymerization负离子电化学聚合 anionic electrochemical polymerization负离子异构化聚合 anionic isomerization polymerization烯丙基聚合 allylic polymerization活［性］聚合 living polymerization两性离子聚合 zwitterion polymerization齐格勒-纳塔聚合 Ziegler Natta polymerization配位聚合 coordination polymerization配位离子聚合 coordinated ionic polymerization配位负离子聚合 coordinated anionic polymerization配位正离子聚合 coordinated cationic polymerization插入聚合 insertion polymerization定向聚合，立构规整聚合 stereoregular polymerization, stereospecific polymerization 有规立构聚合 tactic polymerization全同立构聚合 isospecific polymerization不对称诱导聚合 asymmetric induction polymerization不对称选择性聚合 asymmetric selective polymerization不对称立体选择性聚合 asymmetric stereoselective polymerization对映［体］不对称聚合 enantioasymmetric polymerization对映［体］对称聚合 enantiosymmetric polymerization异构化聚合 isomerization polymerization氢转移聚合 hydrogen transfer polymerization基团转移聚合 group transfer polymerization，GTP消除聚合 elimination polymerization模板聚合 matrix polymerization,template polymerization插层聚合 intercalation polymerization无催化聚合 uncatalyzed polymerization开环聚合 ring opening polymerization活性开环聚合 living ring opening polymerization不死的聚合 immortal polymerization酶聚合作用 enzymatic polymerization聚加成反应，逐步加成聚合 (曾用名) polyaddition偶联聚合 coupling polymerization序列聚合 sequential polymerization闪发聚合，俗称暴聚 flash polymerization氧化聚合 oxidative polymerization氧化偶联聚合 oxidative coupling polymerization逐步［增长］聚合 step growth polymerization缩聚反应 condensation polymerization，polycondensation酯交换型聚合 transesterification type polymerization, ester exchange polycondensation自催化缩聚 autocatalytic polycondensation均相聚合 homogeneous polymerization非均相聚合 heterogeneous polymerization相转化聚合 phase inversion polymerization本体聚合 bulk polymerization, mass polymerization固相聚合 solid phase polymerization气相聚合 gaseous polymerization,gas phase polymerization吸附聚合 adsorption polymerization溶液聚合 solution polymerization沉淀聚合 precipitation polymerization淤浆聚合 slurry polymerization悬浮聚合 suspension polymerization反相悬浮聚合 reversed phase suspension polymerization珠状聚合 bead polymerization, pearl polymerization分散聚合 dispersion polymerization反相分散聚合 inverse dispersion polymerization种子聚合 seeding polymerization乳液聚合 emulsion polymerization无乳化剂乳液聚合 emulsifier free emulsion polymerization 反相乳液聚合 inverse emulsion polymerization微乳液聚合 micro emulsion polymerization连续聚合 continuous polymerization半连续聚合 semicontinuous polymerization分批聚合，间歇聚合 batch polymerization原位聚合 in situ polymerization均相缩聚 homopolycondensation活化缩聚 activated polycondensation熔融缩聚 melt phase polycondensation固相缩聚 solid phase polycondensation体型缩聚 three dimensional polycondensation界面聚合 interfacial polymerization界面缩聚 interfacial polycondensation环加成聚合 cycloaddition polymerization环烯聚合 cycloalkene polymerization环硅氧烷聚合 cyclosiloxane polymerization引发剂 initiator引发剂活性 activity of initiator聚合催化剂 polymerization catalyst自由基引发剂 radical initiator偶氮［类］引发剂 azo type initiator2,2′偶氮二异丁腈 2,2'- azobisisobutyronitrile, AIBN过氧化苯甲酰 benzoyl peroxide, BPO过硫酸盐引发剂 persulphate initiator复合引发体系 complex initiation system氧化还原引发剂 redox initiator电荷转移复合物，电荷转移络合物 charge transfer complex, CTC聚合加速剂，聚合促进剂 polymerization accelerator光敏引发剂 photoinitiator双官能引发剂 bifunctional initiator， difunctional initiator三官能引发剂 trifunctional initiator大分子引发剂 macroinitiator引发-转移剂 initiator transfer agent, inifer引发-转移-终止剂 initiator transfer agent terminator, iniferter光引发转移终止剂 photoiniferter热引发转移终止剂 thermoiniferter正离子催化剂 cationic catalyst正离子引发剂 cationic initiator负离子引发剂 ionioic initiator共引发剂 coinitiator烷基锂引发剂 alkyllithium initiator负离子自由基引发剂 anion radical initiator烯醇钠引发剂 alfin initiator齐格勒-纳塔催化剂 Ziegler Natta catalyst过渡金属催化剂 transition metal catalyst双组分催化剂 bicomponent catalyst后过渡金属催化剂 late transition metal catalyst金属络合物催化剂 metal complex catalyst［二］茂金属催化剂 metallocene catalyst甲基铝氧烷 methylaluminoxane, MAOμ氧桥双金属烷氧化物催化剂bimetallic μ-oxo alkoxides catalyst双金属催化剂 bimetallic catalyst桥基茂金属 bridged metallocene限定几何构型茂金属催化剂 constrained geometry metallocene catalyst 均相茂金属催化剂 homogeneous metallocene catalyst链引发 chain initiation热引发 thermal initiation染料敏化光引发 dye sensitized phtoinitiation电荷转移引发 charge transfer initiation诱导期 induction period引发剂效率 initiator efficiency诱导分解 induced decomposition再引发 reinitiation链增长 chain growth, chain propagation增长链端 propagating chain end活性种 reactive species活性中心 active center持续自由基 persistent radical聚合最高温度 ceilling temperature of polymerization链终止 chain termination双分子终止 bimolecular termination初级自由基终止 primary radical termination扩散控制终止 diffusion controlled termination歧化终止 disproportionation termination偶合终止 coupling termination单分子终止 unimolecular termination自发终止 spontaneous termination终止剂 terminator链终止剂 chain terminating agent假终止 pseudotermination自发终止 self termination自由基捕获剂 radical scavenger旋转光闸法 rotating sector method自由基寿命 free radical lifetime凝胶效应 gel effect自动加速效应 autoacceleration effect链转移 chain transfer链转移剂 chain transfer agent尾咬转移 backbitting transfer退化链转移 degradation (degradative) chain transfer加成断裂链转移［反应］ addition fragmentation chain transfer 链转移常数 chain transfer constant①缓聚作用②延迟作用 retardation阻聚作用 inhibition缓聚剂 retarder缓聚剂，阻滞剂 retarding agent阻聚剂 inhibitor封端［反应］ end capping端基 terminal group聚合动力学 polymerization kinetics聚合热力学 polymerization thermodynamics聚合热 heat of polymerization共聚合［反应］ copolymerization二元共聚合 binary copolymerization三元共聚合 ternary copolymerization竞聚率 reactivity ratio自由基共聚合 radical copolymerization离子共聚合 ionic copolymerization无规共聚合 random copolymerization理想共聚合 ideal copolymerization交替共聚合 alternating copolymerization恒［组］分共聚合 azeotropic copolymerization 接枝共聚合 graft copolymerization嵌段共聚合 block copolymerization开环共聚合 ring opening copolymerization共聚合方程 copolymerization equation共缩聚 copolycondensation逐步共聚合 step copolymerization同种增长 homopropagation自增长 self propagation交叉增长 cross propagation前末端基效应 penultimate effect交叉终止 cross terminationQ值 Q valuee值 e valueQ,e概念 Q, e scheme序列长度分布 sequence length distribution侧基反应 reaction of pendant group扩链剂，链增长剂 chain extender交联 crosslinking化学交联 chemical crosslinking自交联 self crosslinking光交联 photocrosslinking交联度 degree of crosslinking硫化 vulcanization固化 curing硫［黄］硫化 sulfur vulcanization促进硫化 accelerated sulfur vulcanization过氧化物交联 peroxide crosslinking无规交联 random crosslinking交联密度 crosslinking density交联指数 crosslinking index解聚 depolymerization①降解②退化 degradation链断裂 chain breaking解聚酶 depolymerase细菌降解 bacterial degradation生物降解 biodegradation化学降解 chemical degradation辐射降解 radiation degradation断链降解 chain scission degradation自由基链降解 free radical chain degradation无规降解 random degradation水解降解 hydrolytic degradation热降解 thermal degradation热氧化降解 thermal oxidative degradation光降解 photodegradation光氧化降解 photo oxidative degradation力化学降解 mechanochemical degradation接枝聚合 graft polymerization活化接枝 activation grafting接枝点 grafting site链支化 chain branching支化度 degree of branching接枝效率 efficiency of grafting接枝度 grafting degree辐射诱导接枝 radiation induced grafting嵌段聚合 block polymerization－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－通用类：高分子 macromolecule, polymer超高分子 supra polymer天然高分子 natural polymer无机高分子 inorganic polymer有机高分子 organic polymer无机-有机高分子 inorganic organic polymer金属有机聚合物 organometallic polymer元素高分子 element polymer高聚物 high polymer聚合物 polymer低聚物 oligomer二聚体 dimer三聚体 trimer调聚物 telomer预聚物 prepolymer均聚物 homopolymer无规聚合物 random polymer无规卷曲聚合物 random coiling polymer头-头聚合物 head-to-head polymer头-尾聚合物 head-to-tail polymer尾-尾聚合物 tail-to-tail polymer反式有规聚合物 transtactic polymer。
高分子专业英语
AAbbreviation 缩写abrasion 磨损abrasion resistance 耐磨性abrasive 研磨剂Absorbant 能吸收的accelerate 加速accelerator 促进剂accessible 易接近的Accompany 伴随accumulation 积聚acetic 醋酸的acetylene 乙炔acid 酸Acid chloride 酰氯acrylic 丙烯酸的acrylic rubber（ACM）丙烯酸酯橡胶acrylonitrile 丙烯晴acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resin（ABS）ABS树脂Activate 活化activity活性addition加成additive 添加剂adhesive黏合剂adipate已二酸Adipic脂肪的adjacent邻近的adjustable可调整的aerobic有氧气的aesthetic美学的agent介质aggregate聚集aggregate structure二次结构，聚集结构aggregation聚集物，聚集态aggressive活性高的agitation搅拌air retention保气albumin白蛋白alclhol醇aliphatic脂肪族的aliphatic amine脂肪族胺alkali碱，碱性的Alkaline碱性的，碱的alkane烷烃alkyl-aryl derivative烷基-芳基衍生物alkylation烷基化alkyl phenol-formaldehyde烷基苯酚甲醛树脂alkyllithium 烷基锂all but几乎，差一点allergic过敏的alloying合金allylic烯丙基的alternative二中选一aluminum氧化铝（亦称矾土）aluminum 铝aluminum dirthyl chloride二乙基氯化铝Amber琥珀ambient环境温度amide酰胺amine胺amino氨基的amorphous无定形的Amortize分期清偿anaerobic condition厌氧条件anhydride酐anionic阴离子的antiager防老剂anti-block agent防粘结剂antidegradant防老剂anti-flex cracking agent抗屈挠龟裂剂antioxidant抗氧化剂antiozonant 抗臭氧剂antistatic抗静电的apolar非极性的appeal要求appearance外貌apppliance器具Application应用apply for申请approach方法appropriate to适于approximately近似的Aqueous水溶液的arbitrary任意的aromatic amine芳胺array大批asbestos石棉asphalt沥青assortment分类ASTM美国材料实验协会atom原子attribute特征Autoacceleration自加速autoclave高压釜automotive weather-stripping汽车风雨胶条Azelate壬二酸酯Bbackbone主链balata巴拉塔胶band包辊barium钡base碱batch间歇Belie掩饰benzaldehyde苯甲醛benzene苯benzophenone苯甲酮benzotriazole苯并三唑Benzoyl苯甲酰benzoyl peroxide过氧化苯甲酰biaxial双轴的biocide生物杀灭剂biodegradable生物所能分解的biopolymer生物高分子bisphenol双酚bitumen沥青Blank胶培blend混合blister气泡block嵌段bloom喷霜boiling沸腾的bond strength粘结强度bonding粘结branched支化的breakdown破坏bristle短粗纤维brittle易碎的broaden放宽bromide溴化物brominate溴化bromine溴bromobutyl溴化丁基胶buffing抛光bulk本体，大批bulky容量大的，butadiene丁二烯Butyl丁基butyl rubber丁基胶byproduct副产品CCadmium镉calcine煅烧，烧成石灰calender压延，压延机calenderability压延性能carbohydrate碳水化合物，糖类carbon(CB)炭黑carbonate碳酸盐carboxylate羧酸盐，羧酸酯carboxylic羧基的carboxylic acid羧酸carboxylic acid anhydride羧酸酐carcinogenic致癌物的cast iron铸铁casting 浇铸catalysis催化作用catalyst催化剂catastrophic悲惨的，灾难的category种类cation阳离子cabity模腔cavity pressure模腔压力cellular rubber海绵橡胶cellulose纤维素centrifugal离心的ceramic陶瓷chain reaction 链反应chain scission断链chain transger agent链转移剂characteristic特有的，特性，特征charcoal活性炭chemical化学的，化学药品chemical attack化学腐蚀chemical crosslink化学交联剂键chlorede氯化物chlorinate氯化chlorine氯chlorobenzene氯苯chlorobutyl氯化丁基胶chloroprene氯丁二烯chloroprene rubber(CR)氯丁胶chop切，砍chopped fabric短纤维chromic铬的cis-顺式civilization文明，文明社会clamp夹子，夹具，夹钳classify分类clay粘土clay陶土clean out 清除clicking press 冲切机coagent活性助剂coagulant凝聚剂coagulating agent凝聚剂coagulation凝聚clalescence合并coat涂上，包上cozxial同轴的，cobalt钴coefficient系数coffin棺材collectively全体的colorfast不退色的come with伴随。
高分子化学名词翻译和解释
第一章绪论（Introduction）高分子化合物（High Molecular Compound）：所谓高分子化合物，系指那些由众多原子或原子团主要以共价键结合而成的相对分子量在一万以上的化合物。
单体（Monomer）：合成聚合物所用的-低分子的原料。
如聚氯乙烯的单体为氯乙烯。
重复单元（Repeating Unit）：在聚合物的大分子链上重复出现的、组成相同的最小基本单元。
如聚氯乙烯的重复单元为。
单体单元（Monomer Unit）：结构单元与原料相比，除了电子结构变化外，其原子种类和各种原子的个数完全相同，这种结构单元又称为单体单元。
结构单元（Structural Unit）：单体在大分子链中形成的单元。
聚氯乙烯的结构单元为。
聚合度（DP、Xn）(Degree of Polymerization) ：衡量聚合物分子大小的指标。
以重复单元数为基准，即聚合物大分子链上所含重复单元数目的平均值，以Xn表示；以结构单元数为基准，即聚合物大分子链上所含结构单元数目的平均值，以DP表示。
聚合物是由一组不同聚合度和不同结构形态的同系物的混合物所组成，因此聚合度是一统计平均值，一般写成、。
分子量分布（Molecular Weight Distribution, MWD ）：由于高聚物一般由不同分子量的同系物组成的混合物，因此它的分子量具有一定的分布，分子量分布一般有分布指数和分子量分布曲线两种表示方法。
多分散性（Polydispersity）：聚合物通常由一系列相对分子量不同的大分子同系物组成的混合物，用以表达聚合物的相对分子量大小并不相等的专业术语叫多分散性。
分布指数(Distribution Index) ：重均分子量与数均分子量的比值。
即。
用来表征分子量分布的宽度或多分散性。
连锁聚合（Chain Polymerization）：活性中心引发单体，迅速连锁增长的聚合。
烯类单体的加聚反应大部分属于连锁聚合。
高分子专业词汇资料
高分子专业词汇中英对照1 高分子macromolecule, polymer 又称"大分子"。
2 超高分子supra polymer3 天然高分子natural polymer4 无机高分子inorganic polymer5 有机高分子organic polymer6 无机-有机高分子 inorganic organic polymer7 金属有机聚合物organometallic polymer8 元素高分子element polymer9 高聚物high polymer10 聚合物polymer11 低聚物oligomer 曾用名"齐聚物"。
12 二聚体dimer13 三聚体trimer14 调聚物telomer15 预聚物prepolymer16 均聚物homopolymer17 无规聚合物random polymer18 无规卷曲聚合物random coiling polymer19 头-头聚合物head-to-head polymer20 头-尾聚合物head-to-tail polymer21 尾-尾聚合物tail-to-tail polymer22 反式有规聚合物transtactic polymer23 顺式有规聚合物cistactic polymer24 规整聚合物regular polymer25 非规整聚合物 irregular polymer26 无规立构聚合物atactic polymer27 全同立构聚合物isotactic polymer 又称"等规聚合物"。
28 间同立构聚合物syndiotactic polymer 又称"间规聚合物"。
29 杂同立构聚合物heterotactic polymer 又称"异规聚合物"。
30 有规立构聚合物stereoregular polymer, tactic polymer 又称"有规聚合物"。
高分子专业术语中英文对照表
高分子专业术语中英文对照表加工processing反应性加工reactive processing等离子体加工plasma processing加工性processability熔体流动指数melt [flow] index门尼粘度Mooney index塑化plasticizing增塑作用plasticization内增塑作用internal plasticization外增塑作用external plasticization增塑溶胶plastisol增强reinforcing增容作用compatibilization相容性compatibility相溶性intermiscibility生物相容性biocompatibility血液相容性blood compatibility组织相容性tissue compatibility混炼milling, mixing素炼mastication塑炼plastication过炼dead milled橡胶配合rubber compounding共混blend捏和kneading冷轧cold rolling压延性calenderability压延calendering埋置embedding压片preforming模塑molding模压成型compression molding压缩成型compression forming冲压模塑impact moulding, shock moulding 叠模压塑stack moulding复合成型composite molding注射成型injection molding注塑压缩成型injection compression molding 射流注塑jet molding无流道冷料注塑runnerless injection molding 共注塑coinjection molding气辅注塑gas aided injection molding注塑焊接injection welding传递成型transfer molding树脂传递成型resin transfer molding铸塑cast熔铸fusion casting铸塑成型cast molding单体浇铸monomer casting挤出extrusion共挤出coextrusion多层挤塑multi-layer extrusion共挤吹塑coextrusion blow molding同轴挤塑coaxial extrusion吹胀挤塑blown extrusion挤出吹塑extrusion blow molding挤拉吹塑成型extrusion draw blow molding 反应性挤塑reactive extrusion固相挤出solid-phase extrusion发泡expanding foam后发泡post expansion物理发泡physical foam化学发泡chemical foam吹塑blow molding多层吹塑multi-layer blow molding拉伸吹塑成型stretch blow molding滚塑rotational moulding反应注射成型reaction injection molding, RIM 真空成型vacuum forming无压成型zero ressure molding真空烧结vacuum sintering真空袋成型vacuum bag molding热成型thermal forming拉伸热成型stretch thermoforming袋模塑bag molding糊塑paste molding镶铸imbedding冲压成型impact molding触压成型impression molding层压材料laminate泡沫塑料成型foam molding包模成型drape molding充气吹胀inflation橡胶胶乳rubber latex胶乳latex高分子胶体polymer colloid生橡胶raw rubber，crude rubber硬质胶ebonite再生胶reclaimed rubber充油橡胶oil-extended rubber母胶masterbatch交联crosslinking固化cure光固化photo-cure硫化vulcanization后硫化post cure，post vulcanization自硫[化] bin cure自交联self crosslinking , self curing过硫over cure返硫reversion欠硫under cure动态硫化dynamic vulcanization不均匀硫化heterogeneous vulcanization开始[硫化]效应set-up effect自动硫化self-curing, self-vulcanizing焦烧scorching无压硫化non-pressure cure模压硫化moulding curing常温硫化auto-vulcanization热硫化heat curing蒸汽硫化steam curing微波硫化micro wave curing辐射硫化radiation vulcanization辐射交联radiation crosslinking连续硫化continuous vulcanization无模硫化open vulcanization成纤fiber forming可纺性spinnability纺丝spinning干纺dry spinning湿纺wet spinning干湿法纺丝dry wet spinning干喷湿法纺丝dry jet wet spinning溶液纺丝solution spinning乳液纺丝emulsion spinning乳液闪蒸纺丝法emulsion flash spinning process 喷射纺丝jet spinning喷纺成形spray spinning液晶纺丝liquid crystal spinning熔纺melt spinning共混纺丝blended spinning凝胶纺[丝] gel spinning. 反应纺丝reaction spinning静电纺丝electrostatic spinning高压纺丝high-pressure spinning复合纺丝conjugate spinning无纺布non-woven fabrics单丝monofilament, monofil复丝multifilament全取向丝fully oriented yarn中空纤维hollow fiber皮芯纤维sheath core fiber共纺cospinning冷拉伸cold drawing, cold stretching单轴拉伸uniaxial drawing，uniaxial elongation双轴拉伸biaxial drawing多轴拉伸multiaxial drawing皮心效应skin and core effect皮层效应skin effect防缩non-shrink熟成ripening垂挂sag定型sizing起球现象pilling effect捻度twist旦denier特tex纱yarn股strand粘合adhesion反应粘合reaction bonding压敏粘合pressure sensitive adhesion底漆primer浸渍impregnation浸渍树脂solvent impregnated resin基体matrix聚合物表面活性剂polymeric surfactant高分子絮凝剂polymeric flocculant预发颗粒pre-expanded bead高分子膜polymeric membraneH-膜H-filmLB膜Langmuir Blodgett film (LB film)半透膜semipermeable membrane反渗透膜Reverse osmosis membrance多孔膜porous membrane各向异性膜anisotropic membrane正离子交换膜cation exchange membrane 负离子交换膜anionic exchange membrane 吸附树脂polymeric adsorbent添加剂additive固化剂curing agent潜固化剂latent curing agent硫化剂vulcanizing agent给硫剂sulfur donor agent, sulfur donor硫化促进剂vulcanization accelerator硫化活化剂vulcanization activator活化促进剂activating accelerator活化剂activator防焦剂scorch retarder抗硫化返原剂anti-reversion agent塑解剂peptizer偶联剂coupling agent硅烷偶联剂silane coupling agent钛酸酯偶联剂titanate coupling agent铝酸酯偶联剂aluminate coupling agent增强剂reinforcing agent增硬剂hardening agent惰性填料inert filler增塑剂plasticizer辅增塑剂coplasticizer增粘剂tackifier增容剂compatibilizer增塑增容剂plasticizer extender分散剂dispersant agent结构控制剂constitution controller色料colorant荧光增白剂optical bleaching agent抗降解剂antidegradant防老剂anti-aging agent防臭氧剂antiozonant抗龟裂剂anticracking agent抗疲劳剂anti-fatigue agent抗微生物剂biocide防蚀剂anti-corrosion agent光致抗蚀剂photoresist防霉剂antiseptic防腐剂rot resistor防潮剂moisture proof agent除臭剂re-odorant抗氧剂antioxidant热稳定剂heat stabilizer抗静电添加剂antistatic additive抗静电剂antistatic agent紫外线稳定剂ultraviolet stabilizer紫外光吸收剂ultraviolet absorber光稳定剂light stabilizer, photostabilizer光屏蔽剂light screener发泡剂foaming agent物理发泡剂physical foaming agent化学发泡剂chemical foaming agent脱模剂releasing agent内脱模剂internal releasing agent外脱模剂external releasing agent阻燃剂flame retardant防火剂fire retardant烧蚀剂ablator润滑剂lubricant湿润剂wetting agent隔离剂separant增韧剂toughening agent抗冲改性剂impact modifier消泡剂antifoaming agent减阻剂drag reducer破乳剂demulsifier粘度改进剂viscosity modifier增稠剂thickening agent, thickener阻黏剂abhesive洗脱剂eluant附聚剂agglomerating agent后处理剂after-treating agent催干剂drier防结皮剂anti-skinning agent纺织品整理剂textile finishing agent－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－高物高化类：结构单元constitutional unit重复结构单元constitutional repeating unit构型单元configurational unit立构重复单元stereorepeating unit立构规整度tacticity等规度, 全同立构[规整]度isotacticity间同度，间同立构[规整]度syndiotacticity无规度，无规立构度atacticity嵌段block规整嵌段regular block非规整嵌段irregular block立构嵌段stereoblock有规立构嵌段isotactic block无规立构嵌段atactic block单体单元monomeric unit二单元组diad三单元组triad四单元组tetrad五单元组pentad无规线团random coil自由连接链freely-jointed chain自由旋转链freely-rotating chain蠕虫状链worm-like chain柔性链flexible chain链柔性chain flexibility刚性链rigid chain棒状链rodlike chain链刚性chain rigidity聚集aggregation聚集体aggregate凝聚、聚集coalescence链缠结chain entanglement凝聚缠结cohesional entanglement物理缠结physical entanglement拓扑缠结topological entanglement凝聚相condensed phase凝聚态condensed state凝聚过程condensing process临界聚集浓度critical aggregation concentration 线团-球粒转换coil-globule transition受限链confined chain受限态confined state物理交联physical crosslinking统计线团statistical coil等效链equivalent chain统计链段statistical segment链段chain segment链构象chain conformation无规线团模型random coil model无规行走模型random walk model自避随机行走模型self avoiding walk model卷曲构象coiled conformation高斯链Gaussian chain无扰尺寸unperturbed dimension扰动尺寸perturbed dimension热力学等效球thermodynamically equivalent sphere近程分子内相互作用short-range intramolecular interaction 远程分子内相互作用long-range intramolecular interaction 链间相互作用interchain interaction链间距interchain spacing长程有序long range order近程有序short range order回转半径radius of gyration末端间矢量end-to-end vector链末端chain end末端距end-to-end distance无扰末端距unperturbed end-to-end distance均方根末端距root-mean-square end-to-end distance伸直长度contour length相关长度persistence length主链；链骨架chain backbone支链branch chain链支化chain branching短支链short-chain branch长支链long-chain branch支化系数branching index支化密度branching density支化度degree of branching交联度degree of crosslinking网络network网络密度network density溶胀swelling平衡溶胀equilibrium swelling分子组装，分子组合molecular assembly自组装self assembly微凝胶microgel凝胶点gel point可逆[性]凝胶reversible gel溶胶-凝胶转化sol-gel transformation临界胶束浓度critical micelle concentration，CMC组成非均一性constitutional heterogenity, compositional heterogenity摩尔质量平均molar mass average数均分子量number-average molecular weight, number-average molar mass 重均分子量weight-average molecular weight, weight-average molar massZ均分子量Z(Zaverage)-average molecular weight, Z-molar mass黏均分子量viscosity-average molecular weight，viscosity-average molar mass 表观摩尔质量apparent molar mass表观分子量apparent molecular weight聚合度degree of polymerization动力学链长kinetic chain length单分散性monodispersity临界分子量critical molecular weight分子量分布molecular weight distribution，MWD多分散性指数polydispersity index，PID平均聚合度average degree of polymerization质量分布函数mass distribution function数量分布函数number distribution function重量分布函数weight distribution function舒尔茨-齐姆分布Schulz-Zimm distribution最概然分布most probable distribution对数正态分布logarithmic normal distribution聚合物溶液polymer solution聚合物-溶剂相互作用polymer-solvent interaction溶剂热力学性质thermodynamic quality of solvent均方末端距mean square end to end distance均方旋转半径mean square radius of gyrationθ温度theta temperatureθ态theta stateθ溶剂theta solvent良溶剂good solvent不良溶剂poor solvent位力系数Virial coefficient排除体积excluded volume溶胀因子expansion factor溶胀度degree of swelling弗洛里-哈金斯理论Flory-Huggins theory哈金斯公式Huggins equation哈金斯系数Huggins coefficientχ(相互作用)参数χ-parameter溶度参数solubility parameter摩擦系数frictional coefficient流体力学等效球hydrodynamically equivalent sphere流体力学体积hydrodynamic volume珠-棒模型bead-rod model球-簧链模型ball-spring [chain] model流动双折射flow birefringence, streaming birefringence动态光散射dynamic light scattering小角激光光散射low angle laser light scattering沉降平衡sedimentation equilibrium沉降系数sedimentation coefficient沉降速度法sedimentation velocity method沉降平衡法sedimentation equilibrium method相对黏度relative viscosity相对黏度增量relative viscosity increment黏度比viscosity ratio黏数viscosity number[乌氏]稀释黏度计[Ubbelohde] dilution viscometer毛细管黏度计capillary viscometer落球黏度计ball viscometer落球黏度ball viscosity本体黏度bulk viscosity比浓黏度reduced viscosity比浓对数黏度inherent viscosity, logarithmic viscosity number 特性黏数intrinsic viscosity, limiting viscosity number黏度函数viscosity function零切变速率黏度zero shear viscosity端基分析analysis of end group蒸气压渗透法vapor pressure osmometry, VPO辐射的相干弹性散射coherent elastic scattering of radiation 折光指数增量refractive index increment瑞利比Rayleigh ratio超瑞利比excess Rayleigh ratio粒子散射函数particle scattering function粒子散射因子particle scattering factor齐姆图Zimm plot散射的非对称性dissymmetry of scattering解偏振作用depolarization分级fractionation沉淀分级precipitation fractionation萃取分级extraction fractionation色谱分级chromatographic fractionation柱分级column fractionation洗脱分级，淋洗分级elution fractionation热分级thermal fractionation凝胶色谱法gel chromatography摩尔质量排除极限molar mass exclusion limit溶剂梯度洗脱色谱法solvent gradient [elution] chromatography 分子量排除极限molecular weight exclusion limit洗脱体积elution volume普适标定universal calibration加宽函数spreading function链轴chain axis等同周期identity period链重复距离chain repeating distance晶体折叠周期crystalline fold period构象重复单元conformational repeating unit几何等效geometrical equivalence螺旋链helix chain构型无序configurational disorder链取向无序chain orientational disorder构象无序conformational disorder锯齿链zigzag chain双[股]螺旋double stranded helix[分子]链大尺度取向global chain orientation结晶聚合物crystalline polymer半结晶聚合物semi-crystalline polymer高分子晶体polymer crystal高分子微晶polymer crystallite结晶度degree of crystallinity, crystallinity高分子[异质]同晶现象macromolecular isomorphism聚合物形态学morphology of polymer片晶lamella, lamellar crystal轴晶axialite树枝[状]晶体dendrite纤维晶fibrous crystal串晶结构shish-kebab structure球晶spherulite折叠链folded chain链折叠chain folding折叠表面fold surface折叠面fold plane折叠微区fold domain相邻再入模型adjacent re-entry model接线板模型switchboard model缨状微束模型fringed-micelle model折叠链晶体folded-chain crystal平行链晶体parallel-chain crystal伸展链晶体extended-chain crystal球状链晶体globular-chain crystal长周期long period近程结构short-range structure远程结构long-range structure成核作用nucleation分子成核作用molecular nucleation阿夫拉米方程Avrami equation主结晶primary crystallization后期结晶secondary crystallization外延结晶，附生结晶epitaxial crystallization外延晶体生长，附生晶体生长epitaxial growth织构texture液晶态liquid crystal state溶致性液晶lyotopic liquid crystal热致性液晶thermotropic liquid crystal热致性介晶thermotropic mesomorphism近晶相液晶smectic liquid crystal近晶中介相smectic mesophase近晶相smectic phase条带织构banded texture环带球晶ringed spherulite向列相nematic phase盘状相discotic phase解取向disorientation分聚segregation非晶相amorphous phase非晶区amorphous region非晶态amorphous state非晶取向amorphous orientation链段运动segmental motion亚稳态metastable state相分离phase separation亚稳相分离spinodal decompositionbimodal decomposition微相microphase界面相boundary phase相容性compatibility混容性miscibility不相容性incompatibility不混容性immiscibility增容作用compatiibilization最低临界共溶(溶解)温度lower critical solution temperature, LCST 最高临界共溶(溶解)温度upper critical solution temperature , UCST 浓度猝灭concentration quenching激基缔合物荧光excimer fluorescence激基复合物荧光exciplex fluorescence激光共聚焦荧光显微镜laser confocal fluorescence microscopy 单轴取向uniaxial orientation双轴取向biaxial orientation, biorientation取向度degree of orientation橡胶态rubber state玻璃态glassy state高弹态elastomeric state黏流态viscous flow state伸长elongation高弹形变high elastic deformation回缩性，弹性复原nerviness拉伸比draw ratio, extension ratio泊松比Poisson's ratio杨氏模量Young's modulus本体模量bulk modulus剪切模量shear modulus法向应力normal stress剪切应力shear stress剪切应变shear strain屈服yielding颈缩现象necking屈服应力yield stress屈服应变yield strain脆性断裂brittle fracture脆性开裂brittle cracking脆-韧转变brittle ductile transition脆化温度brittleness(brittle) temperature延性破裂ductile fracture冲击强度impact strength拉伸强度tensile strength极限拉伸强度ultimate tensile strength抗撕强度tearing strength弯曲强度flexural strength, bending strength弯曲模量bending modulus弯曲应变bending strain弯曲应力bending stress收缩开裂shrinkage crack剪切强度shear strength剥离强度peeling strength疲劳强度fatigue strength, fatigue resistance挠曲deflection压缩强度compressive strength压缩永久变形compression set压缩变形compressive deformation. 压痕硬度indentation hardness洛氏硬度Rockwell hardness布氏硬度Brinell hardness抗刮性scrath resistance断裂力学fracture mechanics力学破坏mechanical failure应力强度因子stress intensity factor断裂伸长elongation at break屈服强度yield strength断裂韧性fracture toughness弹性形变elastic deformation弹性滞后elastic hysteresis弹性elasticity弹性模量modulus of elasticity弹性回复elastic recovery不可回复形变irrecoverable deformation裂缝crack银纹craze形变；变形deformation永久变形deformation set剩余变形residual deformation剩余伸长residual stretch回弹，回弹性resilience延迟形变retarded deformation延迟弹性retarded elasticity可逆形变reversible deformation应力开裂stress cracking应力-应变曲线stress strain curve拉伸应变stretching strain拉伸应力弛豫tensile stress relaxation热历史thermal history热收缩thermoshrinking扭辫分析torsional braid analysis，TBA应力致白stress whitening应变能strain energy应变张量strain tensor剩余应力residual stress应变硬化strain hardening应变软化strain softening电流变液electrorheological fluid假塑性pseudoplastic拉胀性auxiticity牛顿流体Newtonian fluid非牛顿流体non-Newtonian fluid宾汉姆流体Bingham fluid冷流cold flow牛顿剪切黏度Newtonian shear viscosity剪切黏度shear viscosity表观剪切黏度apparent shear viscosity剪切变稀shear thinning触变性thixotropy塑性形变plastic deformation塑性流动plastic flow体积弛豫volume relaxation拉伸黏度extensional viscosity黏弹性viscoelasticity线性黏弹性linear viscoelasticity非线性黏弹性non-linear viscoelasticity蠕变creep弛豫[作用] relaxation弛豫模量relaxation modulus蠕变柔量creep compliance热畸变温度heat distortion temperature弛豫谱relaxation spectrum推迟[时间]谱retardation [time] spectrum弛豫时间relaxation time推迟时间retardation time动态力学行为dynamic mechanical behavior动态黏弹性dynamic viscoelasticity热-机械曲线thermo-mechanical curve动态转变dynamic transition储能模量storage modulus损耗模量loss modulus复数模量complex modulus复数柔量complex compliance动态黏度dynamic viscosity复数黏度complex viscosity复数介电常数complex dielectric permittivity 介电损耗因子dielectric dissipation factor介电损耗常数dielectric loss constant介电弛豫时间dielectric relaxation time玻璃化转变glass transition玻璃化转变温度glass-transition temperature次级弛豫secondary relaxation次级转变secondary transition次级弛豫温度secondary relaxation temperature 开尔文模型Kelvin model麦克斯韦模型Maxwell model时-温叠加原理time-temperature superposition principle玻耳兹曼叠加原理Boltzmann superposition principle平移因子shift factorWLF公式WLF[Williams-Lendel-Ferry] equation软化温度softening temperature平衡熔点equilibrium melting point物理老化physical ageing光老化photoageing热老化thermal ageing热氧老化thermo-oxidative ageing人工老化artificial ageing加速老化accelerated ageing计算机模拟computer simulation分子动力学模拟molecular dynamics simulation蒙特卡洛模拟Monte Carlo simulation－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－聚合反应类：单体monomer官能度functionality平均官能度average functionality双官能［基］单体bifunctional monomer三官能［基］单体trifunctional monomer乙烯基单体vinyl monomer1,1-亚乙烯基单体，偏［二］取代乙烯单体vinylidene monomer1,2-亚乙烯基单体，1,2-二取代乙烯单体vinylene monomer双烯单体，二烯单体diene monomer极性单体polar monomer非极性单体non polar monomer共轭单体conjugated monomer非共轭单体non conjugated monomer活化单体activated monomer官能单体functional monomer大分子单体macromer, macromonomer环状单体cyclic monomer共聚单体comonomer聚合［反应］polymerization均聚反应homopolymerization低聚反应，齐聚反应(曾用名) oligomerization调聚反应telomerization自发聚合spontaneous polymerization预聚合prepolymerization后聚合post polymerization再聚合repolymerization铸塑聚合, 浇铸聚合cast polymerization链［式］聚合chain polymerization烯类聚合，乙烯基聚合vinyl polymerization双烯［类］聚合diene polymerization加［成］聚［合］addition polymerization自由基聚合，游离基聚合(曾用名) free radical polymerization,radical polymerization控制自由基聚合，可控自由基聚合controlled radical polymerization，CRP活性自由基聚合living radical polymerization原子转移自由基聚合atom transfer radical polymerization，ATRP反向原子转移自由基聚合reverse atom transfer radical polymerization，RATRP 可逆加成断裂链转移reversible addition fragmentation chaintransfer，RAFT氮氧[自由基]调控聚合nitroxide mediated polymerization稳定自由基聚合stable free radical polymerization，FRP自由基异构化聚合free radical isomerization polymerization自由基开环聚合radical ring opening polymerization氧化还原聚合redox polymerization无活性端聚合，死端聚合(曾用名) dead end polymerization光［致］聚合photo polymerization光引发聚合light initiated polymerization光敏聚合photosensitized polymerization四中心聚合four center polymerization电荷转移聚合charge transfer polymerization辐射引发聚合radiation initiated polymerization热聚合thermal polymerization电解聚合electrolytic polymerization等离子体聚合plasma polymerization易位聚合metathesis polymerization开环易位聚合ring opening metathesis polymerization，ROMP精密聚合precision polymerization环化聚合cyclopolymerization拓扑化学聚合topochemical polymerization平衡聚合equilibrium polymerization离子［型］聚合ionic polymerization辐射离子聚合radiation ion polymerization离子对聚合ion pair polymerization正离子聚合，阳离子聚合cationic polymerization碳正离子聚合carbenium ion polymerization,carbocationic polymerization 假正离子聚合pseudo cationic polymerization假正离子活［性］聚合pseudo cationic living polymerization活性正离子聚合living cationic polymerization负离子聚合，阴离子聚合anionic polymerization碳负离子聚合carbanionic polymerization活性负离子聚合living anionic polymerization负离子环化聚合anionic cyclopolymerization负离子电化学聚合anionic electrochemical polymerization负离子异构化聚合anionic isomerization polymerization烯丙基聚合allylic polymerization活［性］聚合living polymerization两性离子聚合zwitterion polymerization齐格勒-纳塔聚合Ziegler Natta polymerization配位聚合coordination polymerization配位离子聚合coordinated ionic polymerization配位负离子聚合coordinated anionic polymerization配位正离子聚合coordinated cationic polymerization插入聚合insertion polymerization定向聚合，立构规整聚合stereoregular polymerization, stereospecific polymerization 有规立构聚合tactic polymerization全同立构聚合isospecific polymerization不对称诱导聚合asymmetric induction polymerization不对称选择性聚合asymmetric selective polymerization不对称立体选择性聚合asymmetric stereoselective polymerization对映［体］不对称聚合enantioasymmetric polymerization对映［体］对称聚合enantiosymmetric polymerization异构化聚合isomerization polymerization氢转移聚合hydrogen transfer polymerization基团转移聚合group transfer polymerization，GTP消除聚合elimination polymerization模板聚合matrix polymerization,template polymerization插层聚合intercalation polymerization无催化聚合uncatalyzed polymerization开环聚合ring opening polymerization活性开环聚合living ring opening polymerization不死的聚合immortal polymerization酶聚合作用enzymatic polymerization聚加成反应，逐步加成聚合(曾用名) polyaddition偶联聚合coupling polymerization序列聚合sequential polymerization闪发聚合，俗称暴聚flash polymerization氧化聚合oxidative polymerization氧化偶联聚合oxidative coupling polymerization逐步［增长］聚合step growth polymerization缩聚反应condensation polymerization，polycondensation酯交换型聚合transesterification type polymerization,ester exchange polycondensation自催化缩聚autocatalytic polycondensation均相聚合homogeneous polymerization非均相聚合heterogeneous polymerization相转化聚合phase inversion polymerization本体聚合bulk polymerization, mass polymerization固相聚合solid phase polymerization气相聚合gaseous polymerization,gas phase polymerization吸附聚合adsorption polymerization溶液聚合solution polymerization沉淀聚合precipitation polymerization淤浆聚合slurry polymerization悬浮聚合suspension polymerization反相悬浮聚合reversed phase suspension polymerization 珠状聚合bead polymerization, pearl polymerization分散聚合dispersion polymerization反相分散聚合inverse dispersion polymerization种子聚合seeding polymerization乳液聚合emulsion polymerization无乳化剂乳液聚合emulsifier free emulsion polymerization 反相乳液聚合inverse emulsion polymerization微乳液聚合micro emulsion polymerization连续聚合continuous polymerization半连续聚合semicontinuous polymerization分批聚合，间歇聚合batch polymerization原位聚合in situ polymerization均相缩聚homopolycondensation活化缩聚activated polycondensation熔融缩聚melt phase polycondensation固相缩聚solid phase polycondensation体型缩聚three dimensional polycondensation界面聚合interfacial polymerization界面缩聚interfacial polycondensation环加成聚合cycloaddition polymerization环烯聚合cycloalkene polymerization环硅氧烷聚合cyclosiloxane polymerization引发剂initiator引发剂活性activity of initiator聚合催化剂polymerization catalyst自由基引发剂radical initiator偶氮［类］引发剂azo type initiator2,2′偶氮二异丁腈2,2'- azobisisobutyronitrile, AIBN过氧化苯甲酰benzoyl peroxide, BPO过硫酸盐引发剂persulphate initiator复合引发体系complex initiation system氧化还原引发剂redox initiator电荷转移复合物，电荷转移络合物charge transfer complex, CTC聚合加速剂，聚合促进剂polymerization accelerator光敏引发剂photoinitiator双官能引发剂bifunctional initiator，difunctional initiator 三官能引发剂trifunctional initiator大分子引发剂macroinitiator引发-转移剂initiator transfer agent, inifer引发-转移-终止剂initiator transfer agent terminator, iniferter光引发转移终止剂photoiniferter热引发转移终止剂thermoiniferter正离子催化剂cationic catalyst正离子引发剂cationic initiator负离子引发剂ionioic initiator共引发剂coinitiator烷基锂引发剂alkyllithium initiator负离子自由基引发剂anion radical initiator烯醇钠引发剂alfin initiator齐格勒-纳塔催化剂Ziegler Natta catalyst过渡金属催化剂transition metal catalyst双组分催化剂bicomponent catalyst后过渡金属催化剂late transition metal catalyst金属络合物催化剂metal complex catalyst［二］茂金属催化剂metallocene catalyst甲基铝氧烷methylaluminoxane, MAOμ氧桥双金属烷氧化物催化剂bimetallic μ-oxo alkoxides catalyst双金属催化剂bimetallic catalyst桥基茂金属bridged metallocene限定几何构型茂金属催化剂constrained geometry metallocene catalyst 均相茂金属催化剂homogeneous metallocene catalyst链引发chain initiation热引发thermal initiation染料敏化光引发dye sensitized phtoinitiation电荷转移引发charge transfer initiation诱导期induction period引发剂效率initiator efficiency诱导分解induced decomposition再引发reinitiation链增长chain growth, chain propagation增长链端propagating chain end活性种reactive species活性中心active center持续自由基persistent radical聚合最高温度ceilling temperature of polymerization链终止chain termination双分子终止bimolecular termination初级自由基终止primary radical termination扩散控制终止diffusion controlled termination歧化终止disproportionation termination偶合终止coupling termination单分子终止unimolecular termination自发终止spontaneous termination终止剂terminator链终止剂chain terminating agent假终止pseudotermination自发终止self termination自由基捕获剂radical scavenger旋转光闸法rotating sector method自由基寿命free radical lifetime凝胶效应gel effect自动加速效应autoacceleration effect链转移chain transfer链转移剂chain transfer agent尾咬转移backbitting transfer退化链转移degradation (degradative) chain transfer加成断裂链转移［反应］addition fragmentation chain transfer 链转移常数chain transfer constant①缓聚作用②延迟作用retardation阻聚作用inhibition缓聚剂retarder缓聚剂，阻滞剂retarding agent阻聚剂inhibitor封端［反应］end capping端基terminal group聚合动力学polymerization kinetics聚合热力学polymerization thermodynamics聚合热heat of polymerization共聚合［反应］copolymerization二元共聚合binary copolymerization三元共聚合ternary copolymerization竞聚率reactivity ratio自由基共聚合radical copolymerization离子共聚合ionic copolymerization无规共聚合random copolymerization理想共聚合ideal copolymerization交替共聚合alternating copolymerization恒［组］分共聚合azeotropic copolymerization 接枝共聚合graft copolymerization嵌段共聚合block copolymerization开环共聚合ring opening copolymerization共聚合方程copolymerization equation共缩聚copolycondensation逐步共聚合step copolymerization同种增长homopropagation自增长self propagation交叉增长cross propagation前末端基效应penultimate effect交叉终止cross terminationQ值Q valuee值e valueQ,e概念Q, e scheme序列长度分布sequence length distribution侧基反应reaction of pendant group扩链剂，链增长剂chain extender交联crosslinking化学交联chemical crosslinking自交联self crosslinking光交联photocrosslinking交联度degree of crosslinking硫化vulcanization固化curing硫［黄］硫化sulfur vulcanization促进硫化accelerated sulfur vulcanization 过氧化物交联peroxide crosslinking无规交联random crosslinking交联密度crosslinking density交联指数crosslinking index解聚depolymerization①降解②退化degradation链断裂chain breaking解聚酶depolymerase细菌降解bacterial degradation生物降解biodegradation化学降解chemical degradation辐射降解radiation degradation断链降解chain scission degradation自由基链降解free radical chain degradation无规降解random degradation水解降解hydrolytic degradation热降解thermal degradation热氧化降解thermal oxidative degradation光降解photodegradation光氧化降解photo oxidative degradation力化学降解mechanochemical degradation接枝聚合graft polymerization活化接枝activation grafting接枝点grafting site链支化chain branching支化度degree of branching接枝效率efficiency of grafting接枝度grafting degree辐射诱导接枝radiation induced grafting嵌段聚合block polymerization－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－通用类：高分子macromolecule, polymer超高分子supra polymer天然高分子natural polymer无机高分子inorganic polymer有机高分子organic polymer无机-有机高分子inorganic organic polymer金属有机聚合物organometallic polymer元素高分子element polymer高聚物high polymer聚合物polymer低聚物oligomer二聚体dimer三聚体trimer调聚物telomer预聚物prepolymer均聚物homopolymer无规聚合物random polymer无规卷曲聚合物random coiling polymer头-头聚合物head-to-head polymer头-尾聚合物head-to-tail polymer尾-尾聚合物tail-to-tail polymer反式有规聚合物transtactic polymer顺式有规聚合物cistactic polymer规整聚合物regular polymer非规整聚合物irregular polymer无规立构聚合物atactic polymer全同立构聚合物isotactic polymer间同立构聚合物syndiotactic polymer杂同立构聚合物heterotactic polymer有规立构聚合物stereoregular polymer, tactic polymer 苏型双全同立构聚合物threo-diisotactic polymer苏型双间同立构聚合物threo-disyndiotactic polymer 赤型双全同立构聚合物erythro-diisotactic polymer赤型双间同立构聚合物erythro-disyndiotactic polymer 全同间同等量聚合物equitactic polymer共聚物copolymer二元共聚物binary copolymer三元共聚物terpolymer多元聚合物multipolymer序列共聚物sequential copolymer多层共聚物multilayer copolymer多相聚合物multiphase polymer统计[结构]共聚物statistical copolymer无规共聚物random copolymer。
高分子专业英语单词
abnormal 反常的accordion 手风琴acid sulfite 酸式亚硫酸盐acidci 酸的acidify 酸化adhesive 胶黏剂aggravate 加重agrochemical 农药，化肥aldehyde 醛align排列成行aliphatic 脂肪族的aluminum sulfate 硫酸铝amidation酰胺化（作用）amino 氨基，氨基的amino resin 氨基树脂ammonium chloride 氯化铵annihilation 消失，湮灭antioxidant 抗氧剂antioxidant 抗氧剂antistatic agent 抗静电剂aromatic 芳香（族）的backbone 主链，骨干bale 打包basic 碱的bath 浴beaker 烧杯behavior 性能，行为biological生物学的biomedical 生物医学的brine 盐水bulk polymerization 本体聚合butadiene 丁二烯calcium phosphate 磷酸钙carboxyl 羧基carrier 载体centrifuge 离心chain-transfer agent 链转移剂chilled water 冷冻水coagulate 凝聚colligative 依数的colloid 胶体combination 偶合（终止），结合commence 开始着手common salt 食盐compliance 柔量concentration 浓度condenser 冷凝器conductive material 导电材料confront 面临consistency 稠度，黏稠度contaminant 污物controlled release 控制释放controversy 争论conversion 转化率conversion 转化corrosion inhibitor 缓蚀剂countercurrent 逆流crumb 碎屑团粒crystal 晶体，结晶crystalline 结晶的crystallite 微晶crystaneously 晶体，结晶cured resin 固化树脂dead polymer 死聚物，失去活性的聚合物deca- 【构】十defect 缺陷deformation 变形deposit 堆积物沉淀derivative衍生物devolatilizer 脱挥器dewater 脱水diacid 二元酸diamine 二元胺diapersant 分散剂dibasic 二元的diffraction 衍射diisopropylbenzene 二异丙苯dimer 二聚物dimethyldithiocarbamate二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸盐diol 二元醇dislocatioon 错位disproportionation 歧化（终止）dissociation 分裂分离离解dissolution 溶解dissolve 使……溶解distill 蒸馏distort 使……变形，扭曲dithiocarbamate 二硫代氨基甲酸盐dough （生）面团，揉好的面drue 药品，药物elastic paprameter 弹性指数endpoint 终点entanglement 纠缠esterification 酯化（作用）ethanol 乙醇ethylenediaminetetraacetate 乙二胺四乙酸盐evacuate 撤出exothermicity 放热性的extender 添加物增量剂ferrous sulfate heptahydrate 硫酸亚铁七水合物flake薄片flame retardant 阻燃剂flash distillation 闪蒸flask 烧瓶flocculating agent 絮凝剂folded-chain lamella theory 折叠链片晶理论formaldehyde 甲醛formalin 福尔马林formulation 配方fractionation 分级fragment 碎屑，碎片fringed-micelle theory 因状微束理论functional group 官能团functional polymer 功能聚合物functionalized polymer 功能聚合物furfuryl alcohol 糠醇glacial acetic acid 冰醋酸globule 小球，液滴，颗粒glycerol 甘油harden 固化，硬化hardener 固化剂，硬化剂heterogeneous 不均匀的，非均相的hexamer 六聚体homolytic dissociation 均裂hydoxy acid 羟基酸hydroquinone 对苯二酚hydrostatic 流体静力学的hydroxyl 羟基imagine 想象，推测imbed 嵌入impact polystyrene 抗冲聚苯乙烯imperfect 不完整的improve 增进，改善impurity 杂质indicator 指示剂indispensable 不可缺少的infrared spectroscopy 红外光谱法ingredient 成分inorganic polymer 无机聚合物interlink 把…相互连接起来intractable 难处理的ion exchange resin 离子交换树脂irrgularity 不均匀性isocyanate 异氰酸酯isotropic 各向同性的kettle 釜，锅kinetics 动力学latent 潜在的latex 胶乳乳液light scattering 光散射lighter-colored 浅色的line 衬里贴面liquid crystal 液晶macromolecule 大分子，高分子mantle 加热套matrix 母体mechanical property 力学性能，机械性能medium 中间的menthane 薄荷烷methylmethacrylate 甲基苯烯酸甲酯minimise 最小化minimum 最小值，最小的modify 改性molecular weight 分子量molecular weight distribution 分子量分布monofunctional 单官能度的monomer 单体monomethylolurea 单羟甲基脲morphology 形态naphthylamine 萘胺n-dodecyl mercaptan 正十二烷基硫neutralize 使……中和nonelastic 非弹性的nuclear track detector 核径迹探测器nulear magnetic resonance 核磁共振number average molecular weight 数均分子量objectionable 反对的使人不愉快的occluded 夹杂的optimum 最佳的orientation 定向packing 堆砌pattern 花纹peculiarity 特性pendant group 侧基pentamer 五聚体performance 性能，特征permeability 渗透性persulfate 过硫酸盐pharmaceutical 药品，药物phenyl 苯基photosensitizer 光敏剂pipette 移液管platelet 片晶polyamide 聚酰胺polycondensation 缩（合）聚（合）polydisperse 多分散的polydispersity 多分散性polyesterification 聚酯化polyethylene 聚乙烯polyfunctional 多官能度的polymer 聚合物，高聚物polyvinyl alcohol 聚乙烯醇porosity 多孔性，孔隙率potassium peroxydisulfate 过硫酸钾powdery 粉状的precipitation 沉淀promoter 促进剂propagation （链）增长purity 纯度pyrophosphate 焦磷酸盐quench 熄灭抑制rate of polymerization 聚合速率reactent 反应物，试剂reactive 反应性的，活性的reactivity 反应性，活性recipe 配方redox 氧化还原作用reflux 回流robust 强壮的坚固耐用的rosin acid 松香酸rupture 断裂sacrifice 牺牲损失saturation 饱和scalp 筛子筛分seal 密封sedimentation 沉降（法）semicrystalline 半晶settle 沉降，澄清shake 摇动short-stop 终止剂side reaction 副产物simultaneously 同时slurry 淤浆sodium 钠solar energy 太阳能solubility 溶解度solution polymerization 溶液聚合solvent 溶剂spacer group 隔离基团sprinkle 喷洒stability 稳定性stabilizer 稳定剂statistical 统计的steady-state assumption 稳态假定step-growth polymerization 逐步聚合stirrer 搅拌器stoichiometional 当量的，化学计算量的strength 强度stripping tower 托单塔substanial实质的真实的substitution 取代，代替successive 连续的，接连的，一连串的sulfoxylate 次硫酸盐sulfuric acid 硫酸supplant 代替surfactant 表面活性剂swell 溶胀synthesize 合成synthetic 合成的sytnthesis 合成tacky （表面）发黏的tanker 油轮槽车tempt 诱惑感兴趣tert-dodecyl mercaptan 特十二烷基硫醇test tube 试管three dimensionally ordered 三维有序的thymolphthalein 百里酚酞titrate 滴定torsion 转矩tread踏踩外胎面triethanolamine 三乙醇胺trimer 三聚物ultracentrifugation 超速离心uniaxial 单轴的urea 尿素urea-formaldehyde resin 脲醛树脂urethane 氨基甲酸酯validity 有效（性），正确（性）variation 变化，改变vinyl chloride 氯乙烯viscosity 黏度viscosity average molecular weight 黏均分子量viscous 黏稠的weight average molecular weight 重均分子量wood flour 木粉yield产率54646044564196。
高分子专业术语中英文对照表
高分子专业术语中英文对照表加工processing反应性加工reactive processing等离子体加工plasma processing加工性processability熔体流动指数melt [flow] index门尼粘度Mooney index塑化plasticizing增塑作用plasticization内增塑作用internal plasticization外增塑作用external plasticization增塑溶胶plastisol增强reinforcing增容作用compatibilization相容性compatibility相溶性intermiscibility生物相容性biocompatibility血液相容性blood compatibility组织相容性tissue compatibility混炼milling, mixing素炼mastication塑炼plastication过炼dead milled橡胶配合rubber compounding共混blend捏和kneading冷轧cold rolling压延性calenderability压延calendering埋置embedding压片preforming模塑molding模压成型compression molding压缩成型compression forming冲压模塑impact moulding, shock moulding叠模压塑stack moulding复合成型composite molding注射成型injection molding注塑压缩成型injection compression molding射流注塑jet molding无流道冷料注塑runnerless injection molding共注塑coinjection molding气辅注塑gas aided injection molding注塑焊接injection welding传递成型transfer molding树脂传递成型resin transfer molding铸塑cast熔铸fusion casting铸塑成型cast molding单体浇铸monomer casting挤出extrusion共挤出coextrusion多层挤塑multi-layer extrusion共挤吹塑coextrusion blow molding同轴挤塑coaxial extrusion吹胀挤塑blown extrusion挤出吹塑extrusion blow molding挤拉吹塑成型extrusion draw blow molding 反应性挤塑reactive extrusion固相挤出solid-phase extrusion发泡expanding foam后发泡post expansion物理发泡physical foam化学发泡chemical foam吹塑blow molding多层吹塑multi-layer blow molding拉伸吹塑成型stretch blow molding滚塑rotational moulding反应注射成型reaction injection molding, RIM 真空成型vacuum forming无压成型zero ressure molding真空烧结vacuum sintering真空袋成型vacuum bag molding热成型thermal forming拉伸热成型stretch thermoforming袋模塑bag molding糊塑paste molding镶铸imbedding冲压成型impact molding触压成型impression molding层压材料laminate泡沫塑料成型foam molding包模成型drape molding充气吹胀inflation橡胶胶乳rubber latex胶乳latex高分子胶体polymer colloid生橡胶raw rubber，crude rubber硬质胶ebonite再生胶reclaimed rubber充油橡胶oil-extended rubber母胶masterbatch交联crosslinking固化cure光固化photo-cure硫化vulcanization后硫化post cure，post vulcanization自硫[化] bin cure自交联self crosslinking , self curing过硫over cure返硫reversion欠硫under cure动态硫化dynamic vulcanization不均匀硫化heterogeneous vulcanization开始[硫化]效应set-up effect自动硫化self-curing, self-vulcanizing焦烧scorching无压硫化non-pressure cure模压硫化moulding curing常温硫化auto-vulcanization热硫化heat curing蒸汽硫化steam curing微波硫化micro wave curing辐射硫化radiation vulcanization辐射交联radiation crosslinking连续硫化continuous vulcanization无模硫化open vulcanization成纤fiber forming可纺性spinnability纺丝spinning干纺dry spinning湿纺wet spinning干湿法纺丝dry wet spinning干喷湿法纺丝dry jet wet spinning溶液纺丝solution spinning乳液纺丝emulsion spinning乳液闪蒸纺丝法emulsion flash spinning process 喷射纺丝jet spinning喷纺成形spray spinning液晶纺丝liquid crystal spinning熔纺melt spinning共混纺丝blended spinning凝胶纺[丝] gel spinning反应纺丝reaction spinning静电纺丝electrostatic spinning高压纺丝high-pressure spinning复合纺丝conjugate spinning无纺布non-woven fabrics单丝monofilament, monofil复丝multifilament全取向丝fully oriented yarn中空纤维hollow fiber皮芯纤维sheath core fiber共纺cospinning冷拉伸cold drawing, cold stretching单轴拉伸uniaxial drawing，uniaxial elongation双轴拉伸biaxial drawing多轴拉伸multiaxial drawing皮心效应skin and core effect皮层效应skin effect防缩non-shrink熟成ripening垂挂sag定型sizing起球现象pilling effect捻度twist旦denier特tex纱yarn股strand粘合adhesion反应粘合reaction bonding压敏粘合pressure sensitive adhesion 底漆primer浸渍impregnation浸渍树脂solvent impregnated resin基体matrix聚合物表面活性剂polymeric surfactant 高分子絮凝剂polymeric flocculant预发颗粒pre-expanded bead高分子膜polymeric membraneH-膜H-filmLB膜Langmuir Blodgett film (LB film) 半透膜semipermeable membrane反渗透膜Reverse osmosis membrance多孔膜porous membrane各向异性膜anisotropic membrane正离子交换膜cation exchange membrane 负离子交换膜anionic exchange membrane 吸附树脂polymeric adsorbent添加剂additive固化剂curing agent潜固化剂latent curing agent硫化剂vulcanizing agent给硫剂sulfur donor agent, sulfur donor硫化促进剂vulcanization accelerator硫化活化剂vulcanization activator活化促进剂activating accelerator活化剂activator防焦剂scorch retarder抗硫化返原剂anti-reversion agent塑解剂peptizer偶联剂coupling agent硅烷偶联剂silane coupling agent钛酸酯偶联剂titanate coupling agent铝酸酯偶联剂aluminate coupling agent增强剂reinforcing agent增硬剂hardening agent惰性填料inert filler增塑剂plasticizer辅增塑剂coplasticizer增粘剂tackifier增容剂compatibilizer增塑增容剂plasticizer extender分散剂dispersant agent结构控制剂constitution controller色料colorant荧光增白剂optical bleaching agent抗降解剂antidegradant防老剂anti-aging agent防臭氧剂antiozonant抗龟裂剂anticracking agent抗疲劳剂anti-fatigue agent抗微生物剂biocide防蚀剂anti-corrosion agent光致抗蚀剂photoresist防霉剂antiseptic防腐剂rot resistor防潮剂moisture proof agent除臭剂re-odorant抗氧剂antioxidant热稳定剂heat stabilizer抗静电添加剂antistatic additive抗静电剂antistatic agent紫外线稳定剂ultraviolet stabilizer紫外光吸收剂ultraviolet absorber光稳定剂light stabilizer, photostabilizer光屏蔽剂light screener发泡剂foaming agent物理发泡剂physical foaming agent化学发泡剂chemical foaming agent脱模剂releasing agent内脱模剂internal releasing agent外脱模剂external releasing agent阻燃剂flame retardant防火剂fire retardant烧蚀剂ablator润滑剂lubricant湿润剂wetting agent隔离剂separant增韧剂toughening agent抗冲改性剂impact modifier消泡剂antifoaming agent减阻剂drag reducer破乳剂demulsifier粘度改进剂viscosity modifier增稠剂thickening agent, thickener阻黏剂abhesive洗脱剂eluant附聚剂agglomerating agent后处理剂after-treating agent催干剂drier防结皮剂anti-skinning agent纺织品整理剂textile finishing agent－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－高物高化类：结构单元constitutional unit重复结构单元constitutional repeating unit构型单元configurational unit立构重复单元stereorepeating unit立构规整度tacticity等规度, 全同立构[规整]度isotacticity间同度，间同立构[规整]度syndiotacticity无规度，无规立构度atacticity嵌段block规整嵌段regular block非规整嵌段irregular block立构嵌段stereoblock有规立构嵌段isotactic block无规立构嵌段atactic block单体单元monomeric unit二单元组diad三单元组triad四单元组tetrad五单元组pentad无规线团random coil自由连接链freely-jointed chain自由旋转链freely-rotating chain蠕虫状链worm-like chain柔性链flexible chain链柔性chain flexibility刚性链rigid chain棒状链rodlike chain链刚性chain rigidity聚集aggregation聚集体aggregate凝聚、聚集coalescence链缠结chain entanglement凝聚缠结cohesional entanglement物理缠结physical entanglement拓扑缠结topological entanglement凝聚相condensed phase凝聚态condensed state凝聚过程condensing process临界聚集浓度critical aggregation concentration 线团-球粒转换coil-globule transition受限链confined chain受限态confined state物理交联physical crosslinking统计线团statistical coil等效链equivalent chain统计链段statistical segment链段chain segment链构象chain conformation无规线团模型random coil model无规行走模型random walk model自避随机行走模型self avoiding walk model卷曲构象coiled conformation高斯链Gaussian chain无扰尺寸unperturbed dimension扰动尺寸perturbed dimension热力学等效球thermodynamically equivalent sphere近程分子内相互作用short-range intramolecular interaction远程分子内相互作用long-range intramolecular interaction链间相互作用interchain interaction链间距interchain spacing长程有序long range order近程有序short range order回转半径radius of gyration末端间矢量end-to-end vector链末端chain end末端距end-to-end distance无扰末端距unperturbed end-to-end distance均方根末端距root-mean-square end-to-end distance伸直长度contour length相关长度persistence length主链；链骨架chain backbone支链branch chain链支化chain branching短支链short-chain branch长支链long-chain branch支化系数branching index支化密度branching density支化度degree of branching交联度degree of crosslinking网络network网络密度network density溶胀swelling平衡溶胀equilibrium swelling分子组装，分子组合molecular assembly自组装self assembly微凝胶microgel凝胶点gel point可逆[性]凝胶reversible gel溶胶-凝胶转化sol-gel transformation临界胶束浓度critical micelle concentration，CMC组成非均一性constitutional heterogenity, compositional heterogenity摩尔质量平均molar mass average数均分子量number-average molecular weight, number-average molar mass重均分子量weight-average molecular weight, weight-average molar massZ均分子量Z(Zaverage)-average molecular weight, Z-molar mass黏均分子量viscosity-average molecular weight，viscosity-average molar mass 表观摩尔质量apparent molar mass表观分子量apparent molecular weight聚合度degree of polymerization动力学链长kinetic chain length单分散性monodispersity临界分子量critical molecular weight分子量分布molecular weight distribution，MWD多分散性指数polydispersity index，PID平均聚合度average degree of polymerization质量分布函数mass distribution function数量分布函数number distribution function重量分布函数weight distribution function舒尔茨-齐姆分布Schulz-Zimm distribution最概然分布most probable distribution对数正态分布logarithmic normal distribution聚合物溶液polymer solution聚合物-溶剂相互作用polymer-solvent interaction溶剂热力学性质thermodynamic quality of solvent均方末端距mean square end to end distance均方旋转半径mean square radius of gyrationθ温度theta temperatureθ态theta stateθ溶剂theta solvent良溶剂good solvent不良溶剂poor solvent位力系数Virial coefficient排除体积excluded volume溶胀因子expansion factor溶胀度degree of swelling弗洛里-哈金斯理论Flory-Huggins theory哈金斯公式Huggins equation哈金斯系数Huggins coefficientχ(相互作用)参数χ-parameter溶度参数solubility parameter摩擦系数frictional coefficient流体力学等效球hydrodynamically equivalent sphere流体力学体积hydrodynamic volume珠-棒模型bead-rod model球-簧链模型ball-spring [chain] model流动双折射flow birefringence, streaming birefringence动态光散射dynamic light scattering小角激光光散射low angle laser light scattering沉降平衡sedimentation equilibrium沉降系数sedimentation coefficient沉降速度法sedimentation velocity method沉降平衡法sedimentation equilibrium method相对黏度relative viscosity相对黏度增量relative viscosity increment黏度比viscosity ratio黏数viscosity number[乌氏]稀释黏度计[Ubbelohde] dilution viscometer毛细管黏度计capillary viscometer落球黏度计ball viscometer落球黏度ball viscosity本体黏度bulk viscosity比浓黏度reduced viscosity比浓对数黏度inherent viscosity, logarithmic viscosity number 特性黏数intrinsic viscosity, limiting viscosity number黏度函数viscosity function零切变速率黏度zero shear viscosity端基分析analysis of end group蒸气压渗透法vapor pressure osmometry, VPO辐射的相干弹性散射coherent elastic scattering of radiation折光指数增量refractive index increment瑞利比Rayleigh ratio超瑞利比excess Rayleigh ratio粒子散射函数particle scattering function粒子散射因子particle scattering factor齐姆图Zimm plot散射的非对称性dissymmetry of scattering解偏振作用depolarization分级fractionation沉淀分级precipitation fractionation萃取分级extraction fractionation色谱分级chromatographic fractionation柱分级column fractionation洗脱分级，淋洗分级elution fractionation热分级thermal fractionation凝胶色谱法gel chromatography摩尔质量排除极限molar mass exclusion limit溶剂梯度洗脱色谱法solvent gradient [elution] chromatography 分子量排除极限molecular weight exclusion limit洗脱体积elution volume普适标定universal calibration加宽函数spreading function链轴chain axis等同周期identity period链重复距离chain repeating distance晶体折叠周期crystalline fold period构象重复单元conformational repeating unit几何等效geometrical equivalence螺旋链helix chain构型无序configurational disorder链取向无序chain orientational disorder构象无序conformational disorder锯齿链zigzag chain双[股]螺旋double stranded helix[分子]链大尺度取向global chain orientation结晶聚合物crystalline polymer半结晶聚合物semi-crystalline polymer高分子晶体polymer crystal高分子微晶polymer crystallite结晶度degree of crystallinity, crystallinity高分子[异质]同晶现象macromolecular isomorphism 聚合物形态学morphology of polymer片晶lamella, lamellar crystal轴晶axialite树枝[状]晶体dendrite纤维晶fibrous crystal串晶结构shish-kebab structure球晶spherulite折叠链folded chain链折叠chain folding折叠表面fold surface折叠面fold plane折叠微区fold domain相邻再入模型adjacent re-entry model接线板模型switchboard model缨状微束模型fringed-micelle model折叠链晶体folded-chain crystal平行链晶体parallel-chain crystal伸展链晶体extended-chain crystal球状链晶体globular-chain crystal长周期long period近程结构short-range structure远程结构long-range structure成核作用nucleation分子成核作用molecular nucleation阿夫拉米方程Avrami equation主结晶primary crystallization后期结晶secondary crystallization外延结晶，附生结晶epitaxial crystallization外延晶体生长，附生晶体生长epitaxial growth织构texture液晶态liquid crystal state溶致性液晶lyotopic liquid crystal热致性液晶thermotropic liquid crystal热致性介晶thermotropic mesomorphism近晶相液晶smectic liquid crystal近晶中介相smectic mesophase近晶相smectic phase条带织构banded texture环带球晶ringed spherulite向列相nematic phase盘状相discotic phase解取向disorientation分聚segregation非晶相amorphous phase非晶区amorphous region非晶态amorphous state非晶取向amorphous orientation链段运动segmental motion亚稳态metastable state相分离phase separation亚稳相分离spinodal decompositionbimodal decomposition微相microphase界面相boundary phase相容性compatibility混容性miscibility不相容性incompatibility不混容性immiscibility增容作用compatiibilization最低临界共溶(溶解)温度lower critical solution temperature, LCST 最高临界共溶(溶解)温度upper critical solution temperature , UCST 浓度猝灭concentration quenching激基缔合物荧光excimer fluorescence激基复合物荧光exciplex fluorescence激光共聚焦荧光显微镜laser confocal fluorescence microscopy单轴取向uniaxial orientation双轴取向biaxial orientation, biorientation取向度degree of orientation橡胶态rubber state玻璃态glassy state高弹态elastomeric state黏流态viscous flow state伸长elongation高弹形变high elastic deformation回缩性，弹性复原nerviness拉伸比draw ratio, extension ratio泊松比Poisson's ratio杨氏模量Young's modulus本体模量bulk modulus剪切模量shear modulus法向应力normal stress剪切应力shear stress剪切应变shear strain屈服yielding颈缩现象necking屈服应力yield stress屈服应变yield strain脆性断裂brittle fracture脆性开裂brittle cracking脆-韧转变brittle ductile transition脆化温度brittleness(brittle) temperature延性破裂ductile fracture冲击强度impact strength拉伸强度tensile strength极限拉伸强度ultimate tensile strength抗撕强度tearing strength弯曲强度flexural strength, bending strength 弯曲模量bending modulus弯曲应变bending strain弯曲应力bending stress收缩开裂shrinkage crack剪切强度shear strength剥离强度peeling strength疲劳强度fatigue strength, fatigue resistance 挠曲deflection压缩强度compressive strength压缩永久变形compression set压缩变形compressive deformation压痕硬度indentation hardness洛氏硬度Rockwell hardness布氏硬度Brinell hardness抗刮性scrath resistance断裂力学fracture mechanics力学破坏mechanical failure应力强度因子stress intensity factor断裂伸长elongation at break屈服强度yield strength断裂韧性fracture toughness弹性形变elastic deformation弹性滞后elastic hysteresis弹性elasticity弹性模量modulus of elasticity弹性回复elastic recovery不可回复形变irrecoverable deformation 裂缝crack银纹craze形变；变形deformation永久变形deformation set剩余变形residual deformation剩余伸长residual stretch回弹，回弹性resilience延迟形变retarded deformation延迟弹性retarded elasticity可逆形变reversible deformation应力开裂stress cracking应力-应变曲线stress strain curve拉伸应变stretching strain拉伸应力弛豫tensile stress relaxation热历史thermal history热收缩thermoshrinking扭辫分析torsional braid analysis，TBA 应力致白stress whitening应变能strain energy应变张量strain tensor剩余应力residual stress应变硬化strain hardening应变软化strain softening电流变液electrorheological fluid假塑性pseudoplastic拉胀性auxiticity牛顿流体Newtonian fluid非牛顿流体non-Newtonian fluid宾汉姆流体Bingham fluid冷流cold flow牛顿剪切黏度Newtonian shear viscosity 剪切黏度shear viscosity表观剪切黏度apparent shear viscosity剪切变稀shear thinning触变性thixotropy塑性形变plastic deformation塑性流动plastic flow体积弛豫volume relaxation拉伸黏度extensional viscosity黏弹性viscoelasticity线性黏弹性linear viscoelasticity非线性黏弹性non-linear viscoelasticity蠕变creep弛豫[作用] relaxation弛豫模量relaxation modulus蠕变柔量creep compliance热畸变温度heat distortion temperature弛豫谱relaxation spectrum推迟[时间]谱retardation [time] spectrum弛豫时间relaxation time推迟时间retardation time动态力学行为dynamic mechanical behavior动态黏弹性dynamic viscoelasticity热-机械曲线thermo-mechanical curve动态转变dynamic transition储能模量storage modulus损耗模量loss modulus复数模量complex modulus复数柔量complex compliance动态黏度dynamic viscosity复数黏度complex viscosity复数介电常数complex dielectric permittivity介电损耗因子dielectric dissipation factor介电损耗常数dielectric loss constant介电弛豫时间dielectric relaxation time玻璃化转变glass transition玻璃化转变温度glass-transition temperature次级弛豫secondary relaxation次级转变secondary transition次级弛豫温度secondary relaxation temperature开尔文模型Kelvin model麦克斯韦模型Maxwell model时-温叠加原理time-temperature superposition principle 玻耳兹曼叠加原理Boltzmann superposition principle平移因子shift factorWLF公式WLF[Williams-Lendel-Ferry] equation软化温度softening temperature平衡熔点equilibrium melting point物理老化physical ageing光老化photoageing热老化thermal ageing热氧老化thermo-oxidative ageing人工老化artificial ageing加速老化accelerated ageing计算机模拟computer simulation分子动力学模拟molecular dynamics simulation蒙特卡洛模拟Monte Carlo simulation－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－聚合反应类：单体monomer官能度functionality平均官能度average functionality双官能［基］单体bifunctional monomer三官能［基］单体trifunctional monomer乙烯基单体vinyl monomer1,1-亚乙烯基单体，偏［二］取代乙烯单体vinylidene monomer1,2-亚乙烯基单体，1,2-二取代乙烯单体vinylene monomer双烯单体，二烯单体diene monomer极性单体polar monomer非极性单体non polar monomer共轭单体conjugated monomer非共轭单体non conjugated monomer活化单体activated monomer官能单体functional monomer大分子单体macromer, macromonomer环状单体cyclic monomer共聚单体comonomer聚合［反应］polymerization均聚反应homopolymerization低聚反应，齐聚反应(曾用名) oligomerization调聚反应telomerization自发聚合spontaneous polymerization预聚合prepolymerization后聚合post polymerization再聚合repolymerization铸塑聚合, 浇铸聚合cast polymerization链［式］聚合chain polymerization烯类聚合，乙烯基聚合vinyl polymerization双烯［类］聚合diene polymerization加［成］聚［合］addition polymerization自由基聚合，游离基聚合(曾用名) free radical polymerization,radical polymerization控制自由基聚合，可控自由基聚合controlled radical polymerization，CRP活性自由基聚合living radical polymerization原子转移自由基聚合atom transfer radical polymerization，ATRP反向原子转移自由基聚合reverse atom transfer radical polymerization，RATRP 可逆加成断裂链转移reversible addition fragmentation chaintransfer，RAFT氮氧[自由基]调控聚合nitroxide mediated polymerization稳定自由基聚合stable free radical polymerization，FRP自由基异构化聚合free radical isomerization polymerization自由基开环聚合radical ring opening polymerization氧化还原聚合redox polymerization无活性端聚合，死端聚合(曾用名) dead end polymerization光［致］聚合photo polymerization光引发聚合light initiated polymerization光敏聚合photosensitized polymerization四中心聚合four center polymerization电荷转移聚合charge transfer polymerization辐射引发聚合radiation initiated polymerization热聚合thermal polymerization电解聚合electrolytic polymerization等离子体聚合plasma polymerization易位聚合metathesis polymerization开环易位聚合ring opening metathesis polymerization，ROMP精密聚合precision polymerization环化聚合cyclopolymerization拓扑化学聚合topochemical polymerization平衡聚合equilibrium polymerization离子［型］聚合ionic polymerization辐射离子聚合radiation ion polymerization离子对聚合ion pair polymerization正离子聚合，阳离子聚合cationic polymerization碳正离子聚合carbenium ion polymerization,carbocationic polymerization假正离子聚合pseudo cationic polymerization假正离子活［性］聚合pseudo cationic living polymerization活性正离子聚合living cationic polymerization负离子聚合，阴离子聚合anionic polymerization碳负离子聚合carbanionic polymerization活性负离子聚合living anionic polymerization负离子环化聚合anionic cyclopolymerization负离子电化学聚合anionic electrochemical polymerization负离子异构化聚合anionic isomerization polymerization烯丙基聚合allylic polymerization活［性］聚合living polymerization两性离子聚合zwitterion polymerization齐格勒-纳塔聚合Ziegler Natta polymerization配位聚合coordination polymerization配位离子聚合coordinated ionic polymerization配位负离子聚合coordinated anionic polymerization配位正离子聚合coordinated cationic polymerization插入聚合insertion polymerization定向聚合，立构规整聚合stereoregular polymerization, stereospecific polymerization 有规立构聚合tactic polymerization全同立构聚合isospecific polymerization不对称诱导聚合asymmetric induction polymerization不对称选择性聚合asymmetric selective polymerization不对称立体选择性聚合asymmetric stereoselective polymerization对映［体］不对称聚合enantioasymmetric polymerization对映［体］对称聚合enantiosymmetric polymerization异构化聚合isomerization polymerization氢转移聚合hydrogen transfer polymerization基团转移聚合group transfer polymerization，GTP消除聚合elimination polymerization模板聚合matrix polymerization,template polymerization插层聚合intercalation polymerization无催化聚合uncatalyzed polymerization开环聚合ring opening polymerization活性开环聚合living ring opening polymerization不死的聚合immortal polymerization酶聚合作用enzymatic polymerization聚加成反应，逐步加成聚合(曾用名) polyaddition偶联聚合coupling polymerization序列聚合sequential polymerization闪发聚合，俗称暴聚flash polymerization氧化聚合oxidative polymerization氧化偶联聚合oxidative coupling polymerization逐步［增长］聚合step growth polymerization缩聚反应condensation polymerization，polycondensation酯交换型聚合transesterification type polymerization, ester exchange polycondensation自催化缩聚autocatalytic polycondensation均相聚合homogeneous polymerization非均相聚合heterogeneous polymerization相转化聚合phase inversion polymerization本体聚合bulk polymerization, mass polymerization固相聚合solid phase polymerization气相聚合gaseous polymerization,gas phase polymerization吸附聚合adsorption polymerization溶液聚合solution polymerization沉淀聚合precipitation polymerization淤浆聚合slurry polymerization悬浮聚合suspension polymerization反相悬浮聚合reversed phase suspension polymerization 珠状聚合bead polymerization, pearl polymerization分散聚合dispersion polymerization反相分散聚合inverse dispersion polymerization种子聚合seeding polymerization乳液聚合emulsion polymerization无乳化剂乳液聚合emulsifier free emulsion polymerization 反相乳液聚合inverse emulsion polymerization微乳液聚合micro emulsion polymerization连续聚合continuous polymerization半连续聚合semicontinuous polymerization分批聚合，间歇聚合batch polymerization原位聚合in situ polymerization均相缩聚homopolycondensation活化缩聚activated polycondensation熔融缩聚melt phase polycondensation固相缩聚solid phase polycondensation体型缩聚three dimensional polycondensation界面聚合interfacial polymerization界面缩聚interfacial polycondensation环加成聚合cycloaddition polymerization环烯聚合cycloalkene polymerization环硅氧烷聚合cyclosiloxane polymerization引发剂initiator引发剂活性activity of initiator聚合催化剂polymerization catalyst自由基引发剂radical initiator偶氮［类］引发剂azo type initiator2,2′偶氮二异丁腈2,2'- azobisisobutyronitrile, AIBN过氧化苯甲酰benzoyl peroxide, BPO过硫酸盐引发剂persulphate initiator复合引发体系complex initiation system氧化还原引发剂redox initiator电荷转移复合物，电荷转移络合物charge transfer complex, CTC聚合加速剂，聚合促进剂polymerization accelerator光敏引发剂photoinitiator双官能引发剂bifunctional initiator，difunctional initiator三官能引发剂trifunctional initiator大分子引发剂macroinitiator引发-转移剂initiator transfer agent, inifer引发-转移-终止剂initiator transfer agent terminator, iniferter光引发转移终止剂photoiniferter热引发转移终止剂thermoiniferter正离子催化剂cationic catalyst正离子引发剂cationic initiator负离子引发剂ionioic initiator共引发剂coinitiator烷基锂引发剂alkyllithium initiator负离子自由基引发剂anion radical initiator烯醇钠引发剂alfin initiator齐格勒-纳塔催化剂Ziegler Natta catalyst过渡金属催化剂transition metal catalyst双组分催化剂bicomponent catalyst后过渡金属催化剂late transition metal catalyst金属络合物催化剂metal complex catalyst［二］茂金属催化剂metallocene catalyst甲基铝氧烷methylaluminoxane, MAOμ氧桥双金属烷氧化物催化剂b imetallic μ-oxo alkoxides catalyst双金属催化剂bimetallic catalyst桥基茂金属bridged metallocene限定几何构型茂金属催化剂constrained geometry metallocene catalyst 均相茂金属催化剂homogeneous metallocene catalyst链引发chain initiation热引发thermal initiation染料敏化光引发dye sensitized phtoinitiation电荷转移引发charge transfer initiation诱导期induction period引发剂效率initiator efficiency诱导分解induced decomposition再引发reinitiation链增长chain growth, chain propagation增长链端propagating chain end活性种reactive species活性中心active center持续自由基persistent radical聚合最高温度ceilling temperature of polymerization链终止chain termination双分子终止bimolecular termination初级自由基终止primary radical termination扩散控制终止diffusion controlled termination歧化终止disproportionation termination偶合终止coupling termination单分子终止unimolecular termination自发终止spontaneous termination终止剂terminator链终止剂chain terminating agent假终止pseudotermination自发终止self termination自由基捕获剂radical scavenger旋转光闸法rotating sector method自由基寿命free radical lifetime凝胶效应gel effect自动加速效应autoacceleration effect链转移chain transfer链转移剂chain transfer agent尾咬转移backbitting transfer退化链转移degradation (degradative) chain transfer加成断裂链转移［反应］addition fragmentation chain transfer 链转移常数chain transfer constant①缓聚作用②延迟作用retardation阻聚作用inhibition缓聚剂retarder缓聚剂，阻滞剂retarding agent阻聚剂inhibitor封端［反应］end capping端基terminal group聚合动力学polymerization kinetics聚合热力学polymerization thermodynamics聚合热heat of polymerization共聚合［反应］copolymerization二元共聚合binary copolymerization三元共聚合ternary copolymerization竞聚率reactivity ratio自由基共聚合radical copolymerization离子共聚合ionic copolymerization无规共聚合random copolymerization理想共聚合ideal copolymerization交替共聚合alternating copolymerization恒［组］分共聚合azeotropic copolymerization 接枝共聚合graft copolymerization嵌段共聚合block copolymerization开环共聚合ring opening copolymerization共聚合方程copolymerization equation共缩聚copolycondensation逐步共聚合step copolymerization同种增长homopropagation自增长self propagation交叉增长cross propagation前末端基效应penultimate effect交叉终止cross terminationQ值Q valuee值e valueQ,e概念Q, e scheme序列长度分布sequence length distribution侧基反应reaction of pendant group扩链剂，链增长剂chain extender交联crosslinking化学交联chemical crosslinking自交联self crosslinking光交联photocrosslinking交联度degree of crosslinking硫化vulcanization固化curing硫［黄］硫化sulfur vulcanization促进硫化accelerated sulfur vulcanization过氧化物交联peroxide crosslinking无规交联random crosslinking交联密度crosslinking density交联指数crosslinking index解聚depolymerization①降解②退化degradation链断裂chain breaking解聚酶depolymerase细菌降解bacterial degradation生物降解biodegradation化学降解chemical degradation辐射降解radiation degradation断链降解chain scission degradation自由基链降解free radical chain degradation无规降解random degradation水解降解hydrolytic degradation热降解thermal degradation热氧化降解thermal oxidative degradation光降解photodegradation光氧化降解photo oxidative degradation力化学降解mechanochemical degradation接枝聚合graft polymerization活化接枝activation grafting接枝点grafting site链支化chain branching支化度degree of branching接枝效率efficiency of grafting接枝度grafting degree辐射诱导接枝radiation induced grafting嵌段聚合block polymerization－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－通用类：高分子macromolecule, polymer超高分子supra polymer天然高分子natural polymer无机高分子inorganic polymer有机高分子organic polymer无机-有机高分子inorganic organic polymer金属有机聚合物organometallic polymer元素高分子element polymer高聚物high polymer聚合物polymer低聚物oligomer二聚体dimer三聚体trimer调聚物telomer预聚物prepolymer均聚物homopolymer无规聚合物random polymer无规卷曲聚合物random coiling polymer头-头聚合物head-to-head polymer头-尾聚合物head-to-tail polymer尾-尾聚合物tail-to-tail polymer反式有规聚合物transtactic polymer顺式有规聚合物cistactic polymer。
高分子专业术语中英文对照表
高分子专业术语中英文对照表力口工process ing反应性加工reactive process ing等离子体加工plasma process ing力口工性p rocessability熔体流动指数melt [flow] in dex门尼粘度Moo ney in dex塑化plasticizi ng增塑作用plasticizati on内增塑作用in ternal plasticizatio n夕卜增塑作用exter nal plasticizati on 增塑溶胶plastisol 增强rei nforci ng增容作用compatibilizati on相容性compatibility 相溶性in termiscibility生物相容性biocompatibility血液相容性blood compatibility组织相容性tissue compatibility混炼milli ng, mixi ng素炼masticati on塑炼plasticati on过炼dead milled橡胶配合rubber compo unding共混ble nd捏禾口kn eadi ng冷轧cold rolli ng压延性cale nderability 压延cale nderi ng埋置embeddi ng压片preformi ng模塑moldi ng模压成型compressi on moldi ng压缩成型compressi on forming冲压模塑impact mould ing, shock mould ing叠模压塑stack mouldi ng复合成型composite mold ing注射成型injectio n moldi ng注塑压缩成型injection compressi on mold ing 射流注塑jet moldi ng无流道冷料注塑runn erless injectio n moldi ng共注塑coinjecti on moldi ng气辅注塑gas aided injecti on mold ing注塑焊接injectio n weldi ng传递成型transfer moldi ng树脂传递成型resin transfer moldi ng铸塑cast 熔铸fusion cast ing 铸塑成型cast mold ing单体浇铸mono mer cast ing挤出extrusi on共挤出coextrusi on多层挤塑multi-layer extrusi on共挤吹塑coextrusi on blow moldi ng同轴挤塑coaxial extrusi on吹胀挤塑blow n extrusi on挤出吹塑extrusi on blow moldi ng挤拉吹塑成型extrusi on draw blow moldi ng反应性挤塑reactive extrusi on固相挤出solid-phase extrusi on发泡expa nding foam后发泡post expa nsion 物理发泡physical foam化学发泡chemical foam吹塑blow moldi ng 多层吹塑multi-layer blow moldi ng拉伸吹塑成型stretch blow moldi ng滚塑rotati onal mouldi ng反应注射成型reactio n injectio n moldi ng, RIM 真空成型vacuum formi ng无压成型zero ressure moldi ng真空烧结vacuum sin teri ng真空袋成型vacuum bag moldi ng热成型thermal formi ng 拉伸热成型stretch thermoformi ng袋模塑bag moldi ng 糊塑paste moldi ng镶铸imbedd ing 冲压成型impact moldi ng触压成型impressi on moldi ng层压材料lami nate泡沫塑料成型foam mold ing包模成型drape mold ing充气吹胀in flation橡胶胶乳rubber latex胶乳latex 高分子胶体polymer colloid生橡胶raw rubber , crude rubber硬质胶ebo nite再生胶reclaimed rubber 充油橡胶oil-exte nded rubber 母胶masterbatch 交联crossli nking 固化cure 光固化photo-cure硫化vulca ni zati on后硫化post cure , post vulcanization自硫［化］bin cure 自交联self crossli nking , selfcuri ng过硫over cure返硫reversi on欠硫un der cure动态硫化dyn amic vulca ni zati on不均匀硫化heteroge neous vulca ni zati on开始［硫化］效应set-up effect自动硫化self-curi ng, self-vulca nizing 焦烧scorch ing无压硫化non-pressure cure模压硫化mouldi ng curi ng常温硫化auto-vulca ni zati on热硫化heat curi ng 蒸汽硫化steam curi ng微波硫化micro wave curi ng辐射硫化radiati on vulca ni zatio n辐射交联radiati on crossli nking连续硫化con ti nu ous vulca ni zati on无模硫化ope n vulca ni zati on成纤fiber formi ng 可纺性sp inn ability 纺丝spinning 干纺dry spinning湿纺wet spinning干湿法纺丝dry wet spinning干喷湿法纺丝dry jet wet spinning 溶液纺丝soluti on spinning孚L液纺丝emulsi on spinning孚L液闪蒸纺丝法emulsi on flash spinning process 喷射纺丝jet spi nning喷纺成形spray spinning液晶纺丝liquid crystal spinning熔纺melt spinning共混纺丝ble nded spinning凝胶纺［丝］gel spinning 反应纺丝reaction spinning静电纺丝electrostatic spinning高压纺丝high-pressure spinning复合纺丝conjugate spinning无纺布non-wove n fabrics单丝mono filame nt, monofil复丝multifilame nt全取向丝fully orie nted y arn中空纤维hollow fiber皮芯纤维sheath core fiber共纺cosp inning 冷拉伸cold draw ing, cold stretch ing 单轴拉伸un iaxial draw ing，un iaxial elon gati on 双轴拉伸biaxial draw ing多轴拉伸multiaxial draw ing皮心效应skin and core effect皮层效应skin effect防缩non-shri nk熟成ripe ning 垂挂sag 定型sizi ng 起球现象pilli ng effect捻度twist 旦denier 特tex 纱yarn 股stra nd 粘合adhesi on 反应粘合reaction bonding压敏粘合pressure sen sitive adhesi on底漆primer 浸渍impreg nati on浸渍树脂solve nt impreg nated resin基体matrix 聚合物表面活性剂polymeric surfacta nt 高分子絮凝剂polymeric floccula nt预发颗粒pre-expa nded bead高分子膜polymeric membra neH-膜H-filmLB 膜Langmuir Blodgett film (LB film) 半透膜semipermeable membra ne反渗透膜Reverse osmosis membra nee 多孑L膜porous membra ne各向异性膜ani sotropie membra ne 正离子交换膜eati on exeha nge membra ne负离子交换膜anionic exeha nge membra ne 吸附树脂polymerie adsorbe nt添加剂additive 固化剂euri ng age nt潜固化剂late nt euri ng age nt 硫化剂vulea nizing age nt给硫剂sulfur donor age nt, sulfur donor 硫化促进剂vulea ni zati on aeeelerator硫化活化剂vulea ni zatio n aetivator活化促进剂aetivati ng aeeelerator活化齐U aetivator防焦剂seoreh retarder 抗硫化返原剂an ti-revers ion age nt塑解剂peptizer 偶联剂eoupli ng age nt硅烷偶联剂sila ne eoupli ng age nt 钛酸酯偶联剂tita nate eoupl ing age nt铝酸酯偶联剂alu min ate eoupli ng age nt 增强剂reinforcing age nt增硬剂harde ning age nt惰性填料inert filler增塑剂plastieizer 辅增塑剂eoplastieizer增粘剂taekifier 增容齐U eompatibilizer增塑增容剂plastieizer exte nder分散剂dispersa nt age nt结构控制剂eon stituti on con troller 色料eolora nt荧光增白剂optieal bleaeh ing age nt 抗降解剂an tidegrada nt防老剂an ti-agi ng age nt防臭氧剂an tioz onant抗龟裂剂an tieraek ing age nt抗疲劳剂an ti-fatigue age nt抗微生物剂bioeide防蚀剂an ti-eorrosi onage nt光致抗蚀剂photoresist防霉剂an tiseptie防腐齐U rot resistor防潮剂moisture proof age nt除臭剂re-odora nt抗氧剂an tioxida nt热稳定剂heat stabilizer抗静电添加剂an tistatic additive抗静电剂an tistatic age nt紫外线稳定剂ultraviolet stabilizer紫外光吸收剂ultraviolet absorber光稳定剂light stabilizer, photostabilizer光屏敝剂light scree ner发泡剂foam ing age nt物理发泡剂physical foaming age nt化学发泡剂chemical foaming age nt脱模剂releas ing age nt内脱模剂internal releas ing age nt外脱模剂exter nal releas ing age nt阻燃剂flame retarda nt防火剂fire retarda nt烧蚀剂ablator润滑剂lubrica nt湿润剂wett ing age nt隔离剂separa nt增韧剂toughe ning age nt抗冲改性齐U impact modifier消泡剂an tifoam ing age nt减阻剂drag reducer破乳剂demulsifier粘度改进剂viscosity modifier增稠剂thicke ning age nt, thicke ner阻黏剂abhesive洗脱剂elua nt附聚剂agglomerat ing age nt后处理剂after-treati ng age nt催干剂drier防结皮剂an ti-sk inning age nt纺织品整理剂textile fi nishi ng age nt高物高化类：结构单元con stituti onal unit重复结构单元con stituti onal repeati ng un it 构型单元con figurati onal un it立构重复单元stereorepeati ng un it立构规整度tacticity等规度，全同立构［规整］度isotacticity间同度，间同立构［规整］度syn diotacticity无规度，无规立构度atacticity嵌段block规整嵌段regular block非规整嵌段irregular block 立构嵌段stereoblock 有规立构嵌段i sotactic block无规立构嵌段atactic block单体单元mono meric un it二单元组diad三单元组triad四单元组tetrad五单元组pen tad无规线团random coil自由连接链freely-jo in ted cha in自由旋转链freely-rotati ng cha in蠕虫状链worm-like chain柔性链flexible chain链柔性chai n flexibility刚性链rigid chain棒状链rodlike chain链刚性chain rigidity聚集aggregati on聚集体aggregate凝聚、聚集coalesce nee 链缠结cha in entan gleme nt凝聚缠结cohesi onal entan gleme nt物理缠结physical entan gleme nt拓扌卜缠结topological entan gleme nt凝聚相conden sed phase凝聚态conden sed state凝聚过程condensing process 临界聚集浓度critical aggregatio n concen trati on 线团-球粒转换coil-globule transition受限链confined cha in受限态confined state物理交联physical crossli nking统计线团statistical coil等效链equivale nt cha in统计链段statistical segme nt链段cha in segme nt 链构象cha in con formati on无规线团模型ran dom coil model无规行走模型random walk model 自避随机行走模型 self avoidi ng walk model 卷曲构象coiled con formati on 高斯链 Gaussia n cha in 无扰尺寸un perturbed dime nsion 扰动尺寸 perturbed dime nsion热力学等效球 thermody namically equivale nt sphere近程分子内相互作用 short-ra nge in tramolecular in teract ion远程分子内相互作用Ion g-ra nge in tramolecular in teracti on 链间相互作用in tercha in in teracti on 链间距in tercha in spaci ng 长程有序long range order 近程有序short range order 回转半径radius of gyrati on 末端间矢量en d-to-e nd vector 链末端 cha in end末端距 en d-to-e nd dista nee 无扰末端距 un perturbed en d-to-e nd dista nee均方根末端距 root-mea n-square en d-to-e nd dista nee伸直长度 con tour len gth相关长度 persiste nee len gth主链；链骨架 chain backb one 支链 branch cha in 链支化 cha in branching 短支链 short-cha in branch长支链 Ion g-cha in branch支化系数 branching in dex支化密度 branching den sity支化度 degree of branching交联度 degree of crossli nking网络 network 网络密度 n etwork den sity溶胀 swel ling 平衡溶胀 equilibrium swelli ng分子组装，分子组合molecular assembly 自组装 self assembly微凝胶 microgel凝胶点 gel poi nt reversible gelsol-gel tran sformatio n critical micelle concentration ， CMCcon stituti onal heteroge ni ty, compositi onal heteroge nity molar mass average数均分子量 nu mber-average molecular weight, nu mber-average molar mass重均分子量 weight-average molecular weight, weight-average molar massZ 均分子量 Z(Zaverage)-average molecular weight, Z-molar mass可逆［性］凝胶 溶胶-凝胶转化 临界胶束浓度 组成非均一性 摩尔质量黏均分子量viscosity-average molecular weight , viscosity-average molar mass 表观摩尔质量appare nt molar mass 表观分子量appare nt molecular weight 聚合度 degree of polymerizati on 动力学链长ki netic cha in len gth 单分散性mono dispersity 临界分子量critical molecular weight 分子量分布molecular weight distribution ，MWD 多分散性指数polydispersity index ， PID 平均聚合度average degree of polymerizati on mass distributi on function 数量分布函数nu mber distributio n fun cti on 重量分布函数 weight distributi on functionSchulz-Zimm distributi on最概然分布 most probable distributi on对数正态分布 logarithmic no rmal distributi on聚合物溶液 polymer solution聚合物-溶剂相互作用 polymer-solvent interaction溶剂热力学性质 thermody namic quality of solve nt均方末端距 mean square end to end dista nee均方旋转半径 mean square radius of gyrati on B 温度 theta temperature 0 态 theta state 0 溶剂 theta solve nt良溶剂 good solve nt不良溶剂poor solve nt 位力系数Virial coefficie nt 排除体积excluded volume 溶胀因子 expa nsion factor 溶胀度 degree of swelli ng弗洛里-哈金斯理论 Flory-Huggins theory哈金斯公式 Huggi ns equati on哈金斯系数Huggi ns coefficie nt x 相互作用)参数 x-parameter 溶度参数solubility parameter 摩擦系数 frictio nal coefficie nt流体力学等效球 hydrody namically equivale nt sphere流体力学体积 hydrody namic volume珠-棒模型 bead-rod model 球-簧链模型 ball-spri ng [chai n] model流动双折射 flow birefri ngence, stream ing birefri ngence动态光散射 dyn amic light scatteri ng小角激光光散射low an gle laser light scatteri ng 沉降平衡 sedime ntati on equilibrium 沉降系数 sedime ntati on coefficie nt 沉降速度法 sedime ntati on velocity method 沉降平衡法 sedime ntati on equilibrium method 相对黏度 relative viscosity相对黏度增量 relative viscosity in creme nt 黏度比 viscosity ratio 黏数 viscosity nu 质量分布函数舒尔茨-齐姆分布mber[乌氏]稀释黏度计[Ubbelohde] dilution viscometer毛细管黏度计capillary viscometer 落球黏度计ball viscometer 落球黏度ball viscosity 本体黏度bulk viscosity比浓黏度reduced viscosity比浓对数黏度in here nt viscosity, logarithmic viscosity nu mber特性黏数intrinsic viscosity,limiting viscosity number黏度函数viscosity function零切变速率黏度zero shear viscosity端基分析an alysis of end group蒸气压渗透法vapor pressure osmometry, VPO辐射的相干弹性散射cohere nt elastic scatteri ng of radiati on折光指数增量refractive in dex in creme nt 瑞利比Rayleigh ratio 超瑞禾利比excess Rayleigh ratio粒子散射函数particle scatteri ng function粒子散射因子particle scatteri ng factor齐姆图Zimm plot 散射的非对称性dissymmetry of scatteri ng解偏振作用depolarizati on 分级fracti on ati on沉淀分级precipitati on fraction ati on萃取分级extract ion fraction ati on色谱分级chromatographic fraction ati on柱分级colu mn fraction ati on洗脱分级，淋洗分级elution fractio nation热分级thermal fraction ati on 凝胶色谱法gel chromatography 摩尔质量排除极限molar mass exclusi on limit溶剂梯度洗脱色谱法solve nt gradie nt [elutio n] chromatography分子量排除极限molecular weight exclusi on limit洗脱体积elution volume普适标定uni versal calibratio n力口宽函数spreadi ng function链车由cha in axis等同周期ide ntity period 链重复距离cha in repeat ing dista nee晶体折叠周期crystalli ne fold period 构象重复单元con formati onal repeat ing unit 几何等效geometrical equivale nee螺旋链helix chain 构型无序c on figurati onal disorder链取向无序cha in orie ntati onal disorder构象无序con formati onal disorder 锯齿链zigzag cha in 双［股］螺旋double stran ded helix［分子］链大尺度取向global chain orien tation结晶聚合物crystalli ne polymer半结晶聚合物semi-crystall ine polymer高分子晶体polymer crystal高分子微晶polymer crystallite结晶度degree of crystall ini ty, crystalli nity 高分子［异质］同晶现象macromolecular isomorphism聚合物形态学morphology of polymer 片晶lamella, lamellar crystal 轴晶axialite 树枝［状］晶体dendrite纤维晶fibrous crystal 串晶结构shish-kebab structure 球晶spherulite 折叠链folded cha in链折叠cha in foldi ng折叠表面fold surface折叠面fold pla ne 折叠微区fold domain相邻再入模型adjace nt re-entry model接线板模型switchboard model缨状微束模型frin ged-micelle model折叠链晶体folded-cha in crystal平行链晶体parallel-cha in crystal伸展链晶体exte nded-cha in crystal球状链晶体globular-cha in crystal长周期long period 近程结构short-ra nge structure远程结构Ion g-ra nge structure成核作用nu cleati on分子成核作用molecular nu cleati on阿夫拉米方程Avrami equatio n主结晶primary crystallizati on 后期结晶sec on dary crystallizati on 外延结晶，附生结晶epitaxial crystallizati on外延晶体生长，附生晶体生长epitaxial growth织构texture 液晶态liquid crystal state 溶致性液晶lyotopic liquid crystal热致性液晶thermotropic liquid crystal热致性介晶thermotropic mesomorphism近晶相液晶smectic liquid crystal近晶中介相smectic mesophase近晶相smectic phase 条带织构banded texture环带球晶rin ged spherulite向列相n ematic phase盘状相discotic phase解取向disorie ntati on 分聚segregati on 非晶相amorphous phase非晶区amorphous region非晶态amorphous state非晶取向amorphous orie ntati on链段运动segme ntal moti on亚稳态metastable state相分离phase separati on亚稳相分离spino dal decompositi onbimodal decompositi on微相microphase 界面相boun dary phase相容性compatibility 混容性miscibility 不相容性in compatibility不混容性immiscibility增容作用compatiibilizati on最低临界共溶（溶解）温度lower critical solution temperature, LCST 最高临界共溶（溶解）温度upper critical solution temperature , UCST 浓度猝灭concen trati on que nching激基缔合物荧光excimer fluoresce nee激基复合物荧光exciplex fluoresce nee激光共聚焦荧光显微镜laser con focal fluoresce nee microscopy单轴取向un iaxial orie ntati on双轴取向biaxial orie ntatio n, biorie ntati on取向度degree of orie ntati on橡胶态rubber state玻璃态glassy state高弹态elastomeric state黏流态viscous flow state伸长elon gati on高弹形变high elastic deformati on回缩性，弹性复原nervi ness拉伸比draw ratio, exte nsion ratio泊松比Poiss on's ratio杨氏模量Youn g's modulus本体模量bulk modulus剪切模量shear modulus法向应力no rmal stress剪切应力shear stress剪切应变shear stra in屈服yieldi ng颈缩现象n eck ing屈服应力yield stress屈服应变yield strain脆性断裂brittle fracture脆性开裂brittle crack ing脆-韧转变brittle ductile tran siti on脆化温度brittle ness(brittle) temperature 延性破裂ductile fracture冲击强度impact stre ngth拉伸强度ten sile stre ngth极限拉伸强度ultimate ten sile stre ngth抗撕强度teari ng stre ngth弯曲强度flexural stre ngth, bending strength弯曲模量bending modulus弯曲应变bending stra in弯曲应力bending stress收缩开裂shri nkage crack剪切强度shear stre ngth剥离强度peeli ng stre ngth疲劳强度fatigue stre ngth, fatigue resista nee挠曲deflection压缩强度compressive stre ngth压缩永久变形compressi on set压缩变形compressive deformati on压痕硬度inden tati on hard ness洛氏硬度Rockwell hard ness布氏硬度Brin ell hard ness抗刮性scrath resista nee断裂力学fracture mecha nics力学破坏mecha ni cal failure应力强度因子stress inten sity factor 断裂伸长屈服强度断裂韧性弹性形变弹性滞后elon gatio n at break yield stre ngth fracture tough ness elastic deformati on elastic hysteresis弹性elasticity弹性模量弹性回复modulus of elasticity elastic recovery不可回复形变irrecoverable deformatio n 裂缝crack银纹craze形变；变形deformati on永久变形剩余变形剩余伸长deformati on set residual deformati on residual stretch回弹，回弹性resilie nee延迟形变延迟弹性可逆形变应力开裂retarded deformati on retarded elasticity reversible deformatio n stress crack ing 应力-应变曲线stress strain curve拉伸应变stretch ing strain拉伸应力弛豫ten sile stress relaxati on热历史热收缩扭辫分析应力致白应变能应变张量剩余应力应变硬化应变软化电流变液假塑性拉胀性牛顿流体thermal history thermoshri nkingtorsional braid analysis ，TBAstress white ning strain en ergystra in ten sorresidual stressstra in harde ningstra in softe ningelectrorheological fluid pseudoplastic auxiticity Newt onian fluid非牛顿流体non-Newto nia n fluid宾汉姆流体Bin gham fluid冷流cold flow牛顿剪切黏度Newt on ia n shear viscosity剪切黏度shear viscosity表观剪切黏度appare nt shear viscosity剪切变稀shear thinning触变性thixotropy塑性形变plastic deformati on塑性流动plastic flow体积弛豫volume relaxati on拉伸黏度exte nsional viscosity黏弹性viscoelasticity线性黏弹性lin ear viscoelasticity 非线性黏弹性non-linear viscoelasticity蠕变creep 弛豫[作用]relaxation 弛豫模量relaxati on modulus 蠕变柔量creep complia nee 热畸变温度heat distortio n temperature 弛豫谱relaxatio n spectrum 推迟[时「间]谱retardation [time] spectrum弛豫时间relaxation time推迟时间retardati on time动态力学行为dyn amic mecha ni cal behavior动态黏弹性dyn amic viscoelasticity热-机械曲线thermo-mecha nical curve动态转变dyn amic tran siti on储能模量storage modulus损耗模量loss modulus复数模量complex modulus复数柔量complex complia nee动态黏度dyn amic viscosity复数黏度complex viscosity复数介电常数complex dielectric permittivity介电损耗因子dielectric dissipati on factor介电损耗常数dielectric loss con sta nt介电弛豫时间dielectric relaxation time玻璃化转变glass tran siti on玻璃化转变温度glass-tra nsiti on temperature次级弛豫sec on dary relaxati on次级转变sec ondary tran siti on次级弛豫温度sec ondary relaxati on temperature开尔文模型Kelvin model麦克斯韦模型Maxwell model时-温叠加原理time-temperature superpositi on prin ciple 玻耳兹曼叠加原理Boltzma nn superpositi on prin ciple 平移因子shift factorWLF 公式WLF[Williams-Lendel-Ferry] equation软化温度softe ning temperature平衡熔点equilibrium melt ing point物理老化physical age ing光老化photoage ing热老化thermal age ing热氧老化thermo-oxidative age ing人工老化artificial age ing力口速老化accelerated age ing计算机模拟computer simulatio n分子动力学模拟molecular dyn amics simulati on 蒙特卡洛模拟Mon te Carlo simulatio n聚合反应类：单体mon omer官能度fun ctio nality平均官能度average function ality双官能［基］单体bifunctional mono mer三官能［基］单体trifunctional mono mer乙烯基单体vinyl mono mer1,1-亚乙烯基单体，偏［二］取代乙烯单体vin ylide ne mono mer 1,2-亚乙烯基单体，1,2-二取代乙烯单体vi nyle ne monomer双烯单体,二烯单体die ne mono mer极性单体polar mono mer非极性单体non polar mono mer共轭单体conjugated mono mer非共轭单体non conjugated mono mer活化单体activated mono mer官能单体functional mono mer大分子单体macromer, macro mono mer环状单体cyclic mono mer共聚单体comono mer聚合［反应］polymerizati on均聚反应homopolymerizati on低聚反应，齐聚反应（曾用名）oligomerization调聚反应telomerizati on自发聚合spontan eous polymerizati on预聚合prepolymerizati on后聚合post polymerizati on再聚合repolymerizati on铸塑聚合,浇铸聚合cast polymerization链［式］聚合cha in polymerizati on烯类聚合，乙烯基聚合vinyl polymerizati on双烯［类］聚合die ne polymerizati on力口［成］聚［合］additi on polymerizati on自由基聚合，游离基聚合（曾用名） free radical polymerization.radical polymerizati on控制自由基聚合，可控自由基聚合con trolled radical polymerization , CRP活性自由基聚合liv ing radical polymerizati on原子转移自由基聚合atom transfer radical polymerization , ATRPRATRP 反向原子转移自由基聚合reverse atom transfer radical polymerizati on可逆加成断裂链转移reversible additi on fragme ntati on cha intransfer，RAFT氮氧［自由基］调控聚合nitroxide mediated polymerization稳定自由基聚合stable free radical polymerization ，FRP自由基异构化聚合free radical isomerizati on polymerizatio n自由基开环聚合radical ring ope ning polymerizati on氧化还原聚合redox polymerizatio n无活性端聚合,死端聚合（曾用名） dead end polymerization 光［致］聚合photopolymerizati on 光弓丨发聚合light in itiated polymerizati on光敏聚合photosensitized polymerization 四中心聚合four cen terpolymerizati on 电荷转移聚合charge transfer polymerizatio n辐射弓丨发聚合radiati on in itiated polymerizati on热聚合thermal polymerizati on电解聚合electrolytic polymerizati on等离子体聚合plasma polymerizati on易位聚合metathesis polymerizati on开环易位聚合ring opening metathesis polymerization , ROMP精密聚合precisi on polymerizatio n环化聚合cyclopolymerizatio n拓扌卜化学聚合topochemical polymerizatio n平衡聚合equilibrium polymerizatio n离子［型］聚合ionic polymerizati on辐射离子聚合radiati on ion polymerizati on离子对聚合ion pair polymerizati on正离子聚合，阳离子聚合cati onic polymerizati on碳正离子 '聚合carbe nium ion polymerizati on ,carbocati onic polymerization假正离子聚合pseudo cati onic polymerizati on假正离子活［性］聚合pseudo cati onic livi ng polymerizatio n活性正离子聚合liv ing cati onic polymerizati onanionic polymerizatio ncarba nionic polymerizati on living anionic polymerization anionic cyclopolymerizati on anionic electrochemical polymerizati on anionic isomerization polymerizationallylic polymerizati on living polymerization zwitterion polymerization Ziegler Natta polymerizati on coord ination polymerization coord inated ionic polymerization coord inated anionic polymerization coord inated cationic polymerizationinsertion polymerization stereoregular polymerization, stereospecific polymerization tactic polymerizati on isospecific polymerizati on asymmetric induction polymerization asymmetric selective polymerizati on asymmetric stereoselective polymerizati on enan tioasymmetric polymerizati on enan tiosymmetric polymerizati on isomerization polymerization hydrogen transfer polymerization group transfer polymerization , GTP elimination polymerization matrix polymerization,template polymerization intercalation polymerization un catalyzed polymerizati on ring opening polymerization liv ing ring ope ning polymerizati on immortal polymerizati on en zymatic polymerizati on （曾用名）polyadditioncoupling polymerization sequential polymerization 俗称暴聚 flashpolymerizatio noxidative polymerizati on oxidative coupling polymerization step growth polymerizati on 缩聚反应conden sati on polymerizati on,polyc onden sati on酉旨交换型聚合 tran sesterificati on typepolymerizatio n,ester excha nge polyc onden sati on自催化缩聚 autocatalytic polyc onden sati on均相聚合 homoge neous polymerizati on非均相聚合 heteroge neous polymerizati on相转化聚合 phase inversion polymerizati on本体聚合 bulk polymerizati on, mass polymerizati on负离子聚合， 阴离子聚合 碳负离子聚合 活性负离子聚合 负离子环化聚合负离子电化学聚合负离子异构化聚合烯丙基聚合 活［性］聚合 两性离子聚合齐格勒-纳塔聚合 配位聚合 < 配位离子聚合配位负离子 ，聚合 配位正离子 ，聚合 插入聚合 i 定向聚合， 立构规整聚合 有规立构聚合 全同立构聚合 不对称诱导聚合 不对称选择性聚合 不对称立体选择性聚合 对映［体］不对称聚合 对映［体］对称聚合 异构化聚合 氢转移聚合基团转移聚合 消除聚合 ( 模板聚合 I 插层聚合 i 无催化聚合 开环聚合 I 活性开环聚合不死的聚合 酶聚合作用 聚加成反应， 逐步加成聚合 偶联聚合 序列聚合 闪发聚合， 氧化聚合 氧化偶联聚合逐步［增长］聚合固相聚合solid phase polymerizatio n气相聚合gaseous polymerizati on,gas phase polymerizati on 吸附聚合adsorpti on polymerizati on溶液聚合soluti on polymerizati on沉淀聚合precipitati on polymerizatio n淤浆聚合slurry polymerizati on悬浮聚合suspe nsion polymerizati on反相悬浮聚合reversed phase suspe nsion polymerizati on珠状聚合bead polymerizatio n, pearl polymerizatio n分散聚合dispers ion polymerizati on反相分散聚合in verse dispers ion polymerizati on种子聚合seed ing polymerizati on孚L液聚合emulsi on polymerizati on无乳化齐U乳液聚合emulsifier free emulsio n polymerizati on反相乳液聚合in verse emulsi on polymerizati on微乳液聚合micro emulsi on polymerizati on连续聚合con ti nu ous polymerizati on半连续聚合semic ontinu ous polymerizati on分批聚合，间歇聚合batch polymerization原位聚合in situ polymerizati on均相缩聚homopolyc onden sati on活化缩聚activated polyc onden sati on熔融缩聚melt phase polyc onden sati on固相缩聚solid phase polyc onden sati on体型缩聚three dime nsional polyc onden sati on界面聚合in terfacial polymerizati on界面缩聚in terfacial polyc onden sati on环加成聚合cycloadditi on polymerizati on环烯聚合cycloalke ne polymerizati on环硅氧烷聚合cyclosiloxa ne polymerizati on引发剂ini tiator 引发剂活性activity of in itiator聚合催化剂polymerizati on catalyst 自由基引发剂radical ini tiatorazo type in itiator 2,2'- azobisisobutyronitrile, AIBN ben zoyl peroxide, BPO persulphate in itiatorcomplex in itiati on systemredox in itiatorcharge tran sfer complex, CTC polymerization accelerator photo in itiator bifu nctional in itiator ， difu ncti onal in itiator trifu nctional in itiator macr oin itiator in itiator tran sfer age nt, i niferin itiator tran sfer age nt term in ator, i ni ferter photo ini ferterthermoi ni fertercati onic catalyst cati onic in itiator ioni oic in itiator coin itiator I alkyllithium in itiator anion radical in itiator 烯醇钠引发剂 a lfi n in itiator 齐格勒-纳塔催化剂 Ziegler Natta catalyst过渡金属催化剂 tran siti on metal catalyst双组分催化剂 b icomp onent catalyst后过渡金属催化剂late tran sition metal catalyst 金属络合物催化剂metal complex catalyst ［二］茂金属催化剂 metalloce ne catalyst甲基铝氧烷 methylalumi noxa ne, MAO□氧桥双金属烷氧化物催化剂bimetallic -oxo alkoxides catalyst 双金属催化剂 bimetallic catalyst 桥基茂金属 bridged metalloce ne限定几何构型茂金属催化剂con stra ined geometry metalloce ne catalyst均相茂金属催化剂 homoge neous metalloce ne catalyst链弓丨发 cha in in itiati on热弓丨发 thermal in itiati on染料敏化光引发 dye sen sitized phto in itiation电荷转移弓丨发 charge transfer in itiati on诱导期 in ducti on period弓 I 发剂效率 in itiator efficie ncy诱导分解 in duced decompositi on再引发 reini tiatio n链增长cha in growth, cha in propagati on 增长链端 propagat ing cha in end 活性种 reactive species 活性中心 active cen ter 持续自由基 persiste nt 偶氮［类］引发剂2,2偶氮二异丁腈 过氧化苯甲酰 过硫酸盐引发剂 复合引发体系 氧化还原引发剂 电荷转移复合物， 电荷转移络合物 聚合加速剂，聚合促进剂光敏引发剂 双官能引发剂 三官能引发剂 大分子引发剂 引发-转移剂引发-转移-终止剂 光引发转移终止剂 热引发转移终止剂 正离子催化剂 正离子引发剂 负离子引发剂 共引发剂 |烷基锂引发剂 负离子自由基引发剂radical聚合最高温度ceilli ng temperature of polymerizati on 链终止cha in term in ati on双分子终止bimolecular term in ati on初级自由基终止primary radical term in ati on扩散控制终止diffusi on con trolled term in ati on歧化终止disproporti on ati on term in ati on偶合终止coupli ng term in atio n单分子终止unim olecular term in ati on自发终止spontan eous term in ati on 终止齐U termi nator链终止剂cha in term in ati ng age nt假终止pseudoterm in ati on自发终止self term in ati on自由基捕获剂radical scave nger 旋转光闸法rotat ing sector method自由基寿命free radical lifetime凝胶效应gel effect自动加速效应autoaccelerati on effect链转移cha in transfer链转移剂cha in transfer age nt尾咬转移backbitti ng transfer退化链转移degradati on (degradative) cha in transfer力口成断裂链转移［反应］additi on fragme ntatio n cha in transfer链转移常数cha in transfer con sta nt①缓聚作用②延迟作用retardatio n阻聚作用in hibiti on缓聚剂retarder缓聚剂，阻滞剂retardi ng age nt阻聚剂in hibitor圭寸端［反应］end capp ing端基term inal group聚合动力学polymerizati on kin etics聚合热力学polymerizati on thermod yn amics聚合热heat of polymerizati on共聚合［反应］copolymerizati on二元共聚合binary copolymerizati on三元共聚合ternary copolymerizati on竞聚率reactivity ratio自由基共聚合radical copolymerizati on离子共聚合ionic copolymerizati on无规共聚合random copolymerizati on理想共聚合ideal copolymerizati on交替共聚合alter nat ing copolymerizati on恒［组］分共聚合azeotropic copolymerizati on接枝共聚合graft copolymerizatio n嵌段共聚合block copolymerizati on开环共聚合ring ope ning copolymerizati on共聚合方程copolymerizati on equati on共缩聚copolyc onden sati on逐步共聚合step copolymerizati on同种增长homopropagati on 自增长self propagati on交叉增长cross propagati on前末端基效应pen ultimate effect 交叉终止cross term inationQ 值Q value e 值e valueQ,e 概念Q, e scheme 序列长度分布seque nee len gth distributi on侧基反应reaction of pendant group扩链剂，链增长剂chain exte nder交联crossli nking 化学交联chemical crossli nking自交联self crossli nking 光交联photocrossli nking 交联度degree of crossli nking 硫化vulca ni zati on固化curi ng 硫［黄］硫化sulfur vulca ni zatio n促进硫化accelerated sulfur vulca ni zati on过氧化物交联peroxide crossli nking无规交联random crossli nking交联密度crossli nking den sity交联指数crossli nking in dex解聚depolymerizati on①降解②退化degradation 链断裂cha in break ing 解聚酶depolymerase 纟田菌降解bacterial degradati on生物降解biodegradati on化学降解chemical degradati on辐射降解radiati on degradati on断链降解cha in scissi on degradati on自由基链降解free radical cha in degradati on无规降解random degradati on水解降解hydrolytic degradatio n 热降解thermal degradati on 热氧化降解thermal oxidative degradati on 光降解photodegradati on 光氧化降解photo oxidative degradati on 力化学降解mecha no chemical degradati on接枝聚合graft polymerizati on活化接枝activati on graft ing接枝点grafting site 链支化cha in branching 支化度degree of branching 接枝效率efficie ncy of grafting接枝度graft ing degree辐射诱导接枝radiati on in duced grafting嵌段聚合block polymerizati on通用类：。
高分子专业英语
高分子专业英语词汇英汉对照关键词：英语高分子词汇英汉对照序号中文英文1 高分子 macromolecule, polymer 又称"大分子"。
2 超高分子 supra polymer3 天然高分子 natural polymer4 无机高分子 inorganic polymer5 有机高分子 organic polymer6 无机-有机高分子 inorganic organic polymer7 金属有机聚合物 organometallic polymer8 元素高分子 element polymer9 高聚物 high polymer10 聚合物 polymer11 低聚物 oligomer 曾用名"齐聚物"。
12 二聚体 dimer13 三聚体 trimer14 调聚物 telomer15 预聚物 prepolymer16 均聚物 homopolymer17 无规聚合物 random polymer18 无规卷曲聚合物 random coiling polymer19 头-头聚合物 head-to-head polymer20 头-尾聚合物 head-to-tail polymer21 尾-尾聚合物 tail-to-tail polymer22 反式有规聚合物 transtactic polymer23 顺式有规聚合物 cistactic polymer24 规整聚合物 regular polymer25 非规整聚合物 irregular polymer26 无规立构聚合物 atactic polymer27 全同立构聚合物 isotactic polymer 又称"等规聚合物"。
28 间同立构聚合物 syndiotactic polymer 又称"间规聚合物"。
29 杂同立构聚合物 heterotactic polymer 又称"异规聚合物"。
高分子材料词汇
1 高分子macromolecule, polymer 又称“大分子”。
2 超高分子supra polymer3 天然高分子natural polymer4 无机高分子inorganic polymer5 有机高分子organic polymer6 无机-有机高分子inorganic organic polymer7 金属有机聚合物organometallic polymer8 元素高分子element polymer9 高聚物high polymer10 聚合物polymer11 低聚物oligomer 曾用名“齐聚物”。
12 二聚体dimer13 三聚体trimer14 调聚物telomer15 预聚物prepolymer16 均聚物homopolymer17 无规聚合物random polymer18 无规卷曲聚合物random coiling polymer19 头-头聚合物head-to-head polymer20 头-尾聚合物head-to-tail polymer21 尾-尾聚合物tail-to-tail polymer22 反式有规聚合物transtactic polymer23 顺式有规聚合物cistactic polymer24 规整聚合物regular polymer25 非规整聚合物irregular polymer26 无规立构聚合物atactic polymer27 全同立构聚合物isotactic polymer 又称“等规聚合物”。
28 间同立构聚合物syndiotactic polymer 又称“间规聚合物”。
29 杂同立构聚合物heterotactic polymer 又称“异规聚合物”。
30 有规立构聚合物stereoregular polymer, tactic polymer 又称“有规聚合物”。
31 苏型双全同立构聚合物threo-diisotactic polymer32 苏型双间同立构聚合物threo-disyndiotactic polymer33 赤型双全同立构聚合物erythro-diisotactic polymer34 赤型双间同立构聚合物erythro-disyndiotactic polymer35 全同间同等量聚合物equitactic polymer36 共聚物copolymer37 二元共聚物binary copolymer38 三元共聚物terpolymer39 多元聚合物multipolymer40 序列共聚物sequential copolymer41 多层共聚物multilayer copolymer42 多相聚合物multiphase polymer43 统计[结构]共聚物statistical copolymer44 无规共聚物random copolymer46 周期共聚物periodic copolymer47 梯度共聚物gradient copolymer48 嵌段共聚物block copolymer 又称“嵌段聚合物(block polymer)” 。
专业英语 高分子专业术语
C
H
C
H
C
H
C
H
C
H
C
H
Repeating Unit
重复单元——化学组成和结构可重复的最小单位
重复单元也称链节(chain unit) 重复单元的数量 或链节数n又称聚合度(degree of polymerization)
H H C H
H
H
单体
C H
C H
C
n
重复单元
H
Homopolymer 均聚物——由同一种单体聚合而成
名称 聚乙烯 聚丙烯 聚异丁烯 聚苯乙烯 聚氯乙烯 聚二氯乙烯 聚氟乙烯 聚四氟乙烯 聚丙烯腈
Name
缩写符号
polyethylene PE polypropene PP polyisobutylene PIB polystyrene PS poly(vinyl chloride) PVC poly(vinyl dichloride) PVDC poly(vinyl fluoride) PVF poly(tetrafluroethylene) PTFE poly(acrylonitrile) PAN
Graft polymer A A A A A AA A B B B B B B
聚合物的命名(Nomenclature of Polymers) 不像无机或有机小分子有一套以其化学结构 为基础的系统命名方法；目前多种命名方法并存: a) 基于其组成来源的命名方法(Source-based)； b) 基于结构的命名方法(Structure-based)； c) 商品名及一些约定俗成的命名方法(Trade name) 其命名很难看出结构特点，但较为简单，目前仍 广为流传
高分子专业英语翻译[最新]
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高分子专业英语翻译[最新]第五课乳液聚合大部分的乳液聚合都是由自由基引发的并且表现出其他自由基体系的很多特点,最主要的反应机理的不同源自小体积元中自由基增长的场所不同。
乳液聚合不仅允许在高反应速率下获得较高分子量,这在本体聚合中是无法实现或效率低下的,,同时还有其他重要的实用优点。
水吸收了大部分聚合热且有利于反应控制,产物在低粘度体系中获得,容易处理,可直接使用或是在凝聚,水洗,干燥之后很快转化成固体聚合物。
在共聚中,尽管共聚原理适用于乳液体系,单体在水相中溶解能力的不同也可能导致其与本体聚合行为不同,从而有重要的实际意义。
乳液聚合的变化很大,从包含单一单体,乳化剂,水和单一引发剂的简单体系到这些包含有2,3个单体,一次或分批添加,,混合乳化剂和助稳定剂以及包括链转移剂的复合引发体系。
单体和水相的比例允许变化范围很大,但是在技术做法上通常限制在30/70到60/40。
单体和水相比更高时则达到了直接聚合允许的极限,只有通过分批添加单体方法来排除聚合产生的大量的热。
更复杂的是随着胶体数的增加粘度也大大增加,尤其是当水溶性的单体和聚合物易容时,反应结束胶乳浓度降低。
这一阶段常常伴随着通过聚集作用或是在热力学不稳定时凝结作用而使胶粒尺寸增大。
第十课高分子的构型和构象本课中我们将使用根据经典有机化学术语而来的构型和构象这两个词。
构型异构是由于分子中存在一个或多个不对称中心,以最简单的C原子为例,每一碳原子的绝对构型为R型和S型,当存在双键时会有顺式和反式几何异构。
以合成聚合物为例,构型异构的典型问题和R.S型不对称碳原子在主链上的排布有关。
这些不对称碳原子要么来自不对称单体,如环氧丙烷,要么来自对称单体,如乙烯单体,,这些物质的聚合,在每个单体单元中形成至少一个不对称碳原子。
大分子中的构型异构源于侧链上存在不对称的碳原子,例如不对称乙烯单体的聚合,也是可能的,现今已经被广泛研究。
和经典有机化学术语一致,构象,旋转体,旋转异构体,构象异构体,指的是由于分子单键的内旋转而形成的空间排布的不同。
高分子专业术语中英文对照表格
高分子专业术语中英文比较表加工processing反响性加工reactive processing等离子体加工plasma processing加工性processability熔体流动指数melt [flow] index门尼粘度Mooney index塑化plasticizing增塑作用plasticization内增塑作用internal plasticization外增塑作用external plasticization增塑溶胶plastisol加强reinforcing增容作用compatibilization相容性compatibility相溶性intermiscibility生物相容性biocompatibility血液相容性blood compatibility组织相容性tissue compatibility混炼milling, mixing素炼mastication塑炼plastication过炼dead milled橡胶配合rubber compounding共混blend捏和kneading冷轧cold rolling压延性calenderability压延calendering埋置embedding压片preforming模塑molding模压成型compression molding压缩成型compression forming冲压模塑impact moulding, shock moulding叠模压塑stack moulding复合成型composite molding注射成型injection molding注塑压缩成型injection compression molding射流注塑jet molding无流道冷料注塑runnerless injection molding共注塑coinjection molding气辅注塑gas aided injection molding注塑焊接injection welding传达成型transfer molding树脂传达成型resin transfer molding铸塑cast熔铸fusion casting铸塑成型cast molding单体浇铸monomer casting挤出extrusion共挤出coextrusion多层挤塑multi-layer extrusion共挤吹塑coextrusion blow molding同轴挤塑coaxial extrusion吹胀挤塑blown extrusion挤出吹塑extrusion blow molding挤拉吹塑成型extrusion draw blow molding 反响性挤塑reactive extrusion固相挤出solid-phase extrusion发泡expanding foam后发泡post expansion物剪发泡physical foam化学发泡chemical foam吹塑blow molding多层吹塑multi-layer blow molding拉伸吹塑成型stretch blow molding滚塑rotational moulding反响注射成型reaction injection molding, RIM 真空成型vacuum forming无压成型zero ressure molding真空烧结vacuum sintering真空袋成型vacuum bag molding热成型thermal forming拉伸热成型stretch thermoforming袋模塑bag molding糊塑paste molding镶铸imbedding冲压成型impact molding触压成型impression molding层压资料laminate泡沫塑料成型foam molding包模成型drape molding充气吹胀inflation橡胶胶乳rubber latex胶乳latex高分子胶体polymer colloid生橡胶raw rubber ，crude rubber硬质胶ebonite重生胶reclaimed rubber充油橡胶oil-extended rubber母胶masterbatch交联crosslinking固化cure光固化photo-cure硫化vulcanization后硫化post cure ， post vulcanization自硫[化]bin cure自交联self crosslinking , self curing过硫over cure返硫reversion欠硫under cure动向硫化dynamic vulcanization不均匀硫化heterogeneous vulcanization开始[硫化]效应set-up effect自动硫化self-curing, self-vulcanizing焦烧scorching无压硫化non-pressure cure模压硫化moulding curing常温硫化auto-vulcanization热硫化heat curing蒸汽硫化steam curing微波硫化micro wave curing辐射硫化radiation vulcanization辐射交联radiation crosslinking连续硫化continuous vulcanization无模硫化open vulcanization成纤fiber forming可纺性spinnability纺丝spinning干纺dry spinning湿纺wet spinning干湿法纺丝dry wet spinning干喷湿法纺丝dry jet wet spinning溶液纺丝solution spinning乳液纺丝emulsion spinning乳液闪蒸纺丝法emulsion flash spinning process 发射纺丝jet spinning喷纺成形spray spinning液晶纺丝liquid crystal spinning熔纺melt spinning共混纺丝blended spinning凝胶纺 [ 丝 ]gel spinning反响纺丝reaction spinning静电纺丝electrostatic spinning高压纺丝high-pressure spinning复合纺丝conjugate spinning无纺布non-woven fabrics单丝monofilament, monofil复丝multifilament全取向丝fully oriented yarn中空纤维hollow fiber皮芯纤维sheath core fiber共纺cospinning冷拉伸cold drawing, cold stretching单轴拉伸uniaxial drawing，uniaxial elongation双轴拉伸biaxial drawing多轴拉伸multiaxial drawing皮心效应skin and core effect皮层效应skin effect防缩non-shrink熟成ripening垂挂sag定型sizing起球现象pilling effect捻度twist旦denier特tex纱yarn股strand粘合adhesion反响粘合reaction bonding压敏粘合pressure sensitive adhesion 底漆primer浸渍impregnation浸渍树脂solvent impregnated resin基体matrix聚合物表面活性剂polymeric surfactant 高分子絮凝剂polymeric flocculant预发颗粒pre-expanded bead高分子膜polymeric membraneH-膜H-filmLB 膜Langmuir Blodgett film (LB film)半透膜semipermeable membrane反浸透膜Reverse osmosis membrance多孔膜porous membrane各向异性膜anisotropic membrane正离子互换膜cation exchange membrane 负离子互换膜anionic exchange membrane 吸附树脂polymeric adsorbent增添剂additive固化剂curing agent潜固化剂latent curing agent硫化剂vulcanizing agent给硫剂sulfur donor agent, sulfur donor硫化促使剂vulcanization accelerator硫化活化剂vulcanization activator活化促使剂activating accelerator活化剂activator防焦剂scorch retarder抗硫化返原剂anti-reversion agent塑解剂peptizer偶联剂coupling agent硅烷偶联剂silane coupling agent钛酸酯偶联剂titanate coupling agent铝酸酯偶联剂aluminate coupling agent加强剂reinforcing agent增硬剂hardening agent惰性填料inert filler增塑剂plasticizer辅增塑剂coplasticizer增粘剂tackifier增容剂compatibilizer增塑增容剂plasticizer extender分别剂dispersant agent构造控制剂constitution controller色料colorant荧光增白剂optical bleaching agent抗降解剂antidegradant防老剂anti-aging agent防臭氧剂antiozonant抗龟裂剂anticracking agent抗疲惫剂anti-fatigue agent抗微生物剂biocide防蚀剂anti-corrosion agent光致抗蚀剂photoresist防霉剂antiseptic防腐剂rot resistor防潮剂除臭剂抗氧剂热稳固剂抗静电增添剂抗静电剂紫外线稳固剂紫外光汲取剂光稳固剂光障蔽剂发泡剂物剪发泡剂化学发泡剂脱模剂内脱模剂外脱模剂阻燃剂防火剂烧蚀剂润滑剂润湿剂隔绝剂增韧剂抗冲改性剂消泡剂减阻剂破乳剂粘度改良剂增稠剂阻黏剂洗脱剂附聚剂后办理剂催干剂防结皮剂纺织品整理剂moisture proof agentre-odorantantioxidantheat stabilizerantistatic additiveantistatic agentultraviolet stabilizerultraviolet absorber light stabilizer, photostabilizer light screenerfoaming agentphysical foaming agentchemical foaming agent releasing agentinternal releasing agentexternal releasing agent flame retardantfire retardantablatorlubricantwetting agentseparanttoughening agentimpact modifier antifoaming agentdrag reducerdemulsifierviscosity modifier thickening agent, thickener abhesiveeluantagglomerating agentafter-treating agentdrieranti-skinning agenttextile finishing agent－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－高物高化类：构造单元constitutional unit重复构造单元constitutional repeating unit 构型单元configurational unit立构重复单元stereorepeating unit立构规整度tacticity等规度 ,全同立构 [规整 ] 度isotacticity间同度，间同立构 [ 规整 ] 度syndiotacticity无规度，无规立构度atacticity嵌段block规整嵌段regular block非规整嵌段irregular block立构嵌段stereoblock有规立构嵌段isotactic block无规立构嵌段atactic block单体单元monomeric unit二单元组diad三单元组triad四单元组tetrad五单元组pentad无规线团random coil自由连结链freely-jointed chain自由旋转链freely-rotating chain蠕虫状链worm-like chain柔性链flexible chain链柔性chain flexibility刚性链rigid chain棒状链rodlike chain链刚性chain rigidity齐集aggregation齐集体aggregate凝集、齐集coalescence链缠结chain entanglement凝集缠结cohesional entanglement物理缠结physical entanglement拓扑缠结topological entanglement凝集相condensed phase凝集态condensed state凝集过程condensing process临界齐集浓度critical aggregation concentration 线团 - 球粒变换coil-globule transition受限链confined chain受限态confined state物理交联physical crosslinking统计线团statistical coil等效链equivalent chain统计链段statistical segment链段chain segment链构象chain conformation无规线团模型random coil model无规行走模型random walk model自避随机行走模型self avoiding walk model卷曲构象coiled conformation高斯链Gaussian chain无扰尺寸unperturbed dimension扰动尺寸perturbed dimension热力学等效球thermodynamically equivalent sphere近程分子内互相作用short-range intramolecular interaction远程分子内互相作用long-range intramolecular interaction链间互相作用interchain interaction链间距interchain spacing长程有序long range order近程有序short range order展转半径radius of gyration尾端间矢量end-to-end vector链尾端chain end尾端距end-to-end distance无扰尾端距unperturbed end-to-end distance均方根尾端距root-mean-square end-to-end distance挺直长度contour length有关长度persistence length主链；链骨架chain backbone支链branch chain链支化chain branching短支链short-chain branch长支链long-chain branch支化系数branching index支化密度branching density支化度degree of branching交联度degree of crosslinking网络network网络密度network density溶胀swelling均衡溶胀equilibrium swelling分子组装，分子组合molecular assembly自组装self assembly微凝胶microgel凝胶点gel point可逆[性]凝胶reversible gel溶胶 - 凝胶转变sol-gel transformation临界胶束浓度critical micelle concentration， CMC构成非均一性constitutional heterogenity, compositional heterogenity摩尔质量均匀molar mass average数均分子量number-average molecular weight, number-average molar mass重均分子量weight-average molecular weight, weight-average molar massZ 均分子量Z(Zaverage)-average molecular weight, Z-molar mass黏均分子量viscosity-average molecular weight， viscosity-average molar mass表观摩尔质量apparent molar mass表观分子量apparent molecular weight聚合度degree of polymerization动力学链长kinetic chain length单分别性monodispersity临界分子量critical molecular weight分子量散布molecular weight distribution， MWD多分别性指数polydispersity index，PID均匀聚合度average degree of polymerization质量散布函数mass distribution function数目散布函数number distribution function重量散布函数weight distribution function舒尔茨 - 齐姆散布Schulz-Zimm distribution最概然散布most probable distribution对数正态散布logarithmic normal distribution聚合物溶液polymer solution聚合物 - 溶剂互相作用polymer-solvent interaction溶剂热力学性质thermodynamic quality of solvent均方尾端距mean square end to end distance均方旋转半径mean square radius of gyrationθ 温度theta temperatureθ 态theta stateθ 溶剂theta solvent良溶剂good solvent不良溶剂poor solvent位力系数Virial coefficient清除体积excluded volume溶胀因子expansion factor溶胀度degree of swelling弗洛里 - 哈金斯理论Flory-Huggins theory哈金斯公式Huggins equation哈金斯系数Huggins coefficientχ( 互相作用 ) 参数χ-parameter溶度参数solubility parameter摩擦系数frictional coefficient流体力学等效球hydrodynamically equivalent sphere流体力学体积hydrodynamic volume珠- 棒模型bead-rod model球- 簧链模型ball-spring [chain] model流动双折射flow birefringence, streaming birefringence动向光散射dynamic light scattering小角激光光散射low angle laser light scattering沉降均衡sedimentation equilibrium沉降系数sedimentation coefficient沉降速度法sedimentation velocity method沉降均衡法sedimentation equilibrium method相对黏度relative viscosity相对黏度增量relative viscosity increment黏度比viscosity ratio黏数viscosity number[ 乌氏 ] 稀释黏度计[Ubbelohde] dilution viscometer毛细管黏度计capillary viscometer落球黏度计ball viscometer落球黏度ball viscosity本体黏度bulk viscosity比浓黏度reduced viscosity比浓对数黏度inherent viscosity, logarithmic viscosity number 特征黏数intrinsic viscosity, limiting viscosity number黏度函数viscosity function零切变速率黏度zero shear viscosity端基剖析analysis of end group蒸气压浸透法vapor pressure osmometry, VPO辐射的相关弹性散射coherent elastic scattering of radiation折光指数增量refractive index increment瑞利比Rayleigh ratio超瑞利比excess Rayleigh ratio粒子散射函数particle scattering function粒子散射因子particle scattering factor齐姆图Zimm plot散射的非对称性dissymmetry of scattering解偏抖擞用depolarization分级fractionation积淀分级precipitation fractionation萃取分级extraction fractionation色谱分级chromatographic fractionation柱分级column fractionation洗脱分级，淋洗分级elution fractionation热分级thermal fractionation凝胶色谱法gel chromatography摩尔质量清除极限molar mass exclusion limit溶剂梯度洗脱色谱法solvent gradient [elution] chromatography 分子量清除极限molecular weight exclusion limit洗脱体积elution volume普适标定universal calibration加宽函数spreading function链轴chain axis等同周期identity period链重复距离chain repeating distance晶体折叠周期crystalline fold period构象重复单元conformational repeating unit几何等效geometrical equivalence螺旋链helix chain构型无序configurational disorder链取向无序chain orientational disorder构象无序conformational disorder锯齿链zigzag chain双[ 股] 螺旋double stranded helix[ 分子 ] 链大尺度取向global chain orientation结晶聚合物crystalline polymer半结晶聚合物semi-crystalline polymer高分子晶体polymer crystal高分子微晶polymer crystallite结晶度degree of crystallinity, crystallinity高分子 [ 异质 ] 同晶现象macromolecular isomorphism 聚合物形态学morphology of polymer片晶lamella, lamellar crystal轴晶axialite树枝[状]晶体dendrite纤维晶fibrous crystal串晶构造shish-kebab structure球晶spherulite折叠链folded chain链折叠chain folding折叠表面fold surface折叠面fold plane折叠微区fold domain相邻再入模型adjacent re-entry model接线板模型switchboard model缨状微束模型fringed-micelle model折叠链晶体folded-chain crystal平行链晶体parallel-chain crystal伸展链晶体extended-chain crystal球状链晶体globular-chain crystal长周期long period近程构造short-range structure远程构造long-range structure成核作用nucleation分子成核作用molecular nucleation阿夫拉米方程Avrami equation主结晶primary crystallization后期结晶secondary crystallization外延结晶，附生结晶epitaxial crystallization外延晶体生长，附生晶体生长epitaxial growth织构texture液晶态liquid crystal state溶致性液晶lyotopic liquid crystal热致性液晶thermotropic liquid crystal热致性介晶thermotropic mesomorphism近晶相液晶smectic liquid crystal近晶中介相smectic mesophase近晶相smectic phase条带织构banded texture环带球晶ringed spherulite向列相nematic phase盘状相discotic phase解取向disorientation分聚segregation非晶相amorphous phase非晶区amorphous region非晶态amorphous state非晶取向amorphous orientation链段运动segmental motion亚稳态metastable state相分别phase separation亚稳相分别spinodal decompositionbimodal decomposition微相microphase界面相boundary phase相容性compatibility混容性miscibility不相容性incompatibility不混容性immiscibility增容作用compatiibilization最低临界共溶 ( 溶解 ) 温度lower critical solution temperature, LCST 最高临界共溶 ( 溶解 ) 温度upper critical solution temperature , UCST 浓度猝灭concentration quenching激基缔合物荧光excimer fluorescence激基复合物荧光exciplex fluorescence激光共聚焦荧光显微镜laser confocal fluorescence microscopy单轴取向uniaxial orientation双轴取向biaxial orientation, biorientation取向度degree of orientation橡胶态rubber state玻璃态glassy state高弹态elastomeric state黏流态viscous flow state伸长elongation高弹形变high elastic deformation回缩性，弹性复原nerviness拉伸比draw ratio, extension ratio泊松比Poisson's ratio杨氏模量Young's modulus本体模量bulk modulus剪切模量shear modulus法向应力normal stress剪切应力shear stress剪切应变shear strain折服yielding颈缩现象necking折服应力yield stress折服应变yield strain脆性断裂brittle fracture脆性开裂brittle cracking脆- 韧转变brittle ductile transition脆化温度brittleness(brittle) temperature延性破碎ductile fracture冲击强度impact strength拉伸强度tensile strength极限拉伸强度ultimate tensile strength抗撕强度tearing strength曲折强度flexural strength, bending strength 曲折模量bending modulus曲折应变bending strain曲折应力bending stress缩短开裂shrinkage crack剪切强度shear strength剥离强度peeling strength疲惫强度fatigue strength, fatigue resistance 挠曲deflection压缩强度compressive strength压缩永远变形compression set压缩变形compressive deformation压痕硬度indentation hardness洛氏硬度Rockwell hardness布氏硬度Brinell hardness抗刮性scrath resistance断裂力学fracture mechanics力学损坏mechanical failure应力强度因子stress intensity factor断裂伸长elongation at break折服强度yield strength断裂韧性fracture toughness弹性形变elastic deformation弹性滞后elastic hysteresis弹性elasticity弹性模量modulus of elasticity弹性答复elastic recovery不行答复形变irrecoverable deformation裂痕crack银纹craze形变；变形deformation永远变形deformation set节余变形residual deformation节余伸长residual stretch回弹，回弹性resilience延缓形变retarded deformation延缓弹性retarded elasticity可逆形变reversible deformation应力开裂stress cracking应力 - 应变曲线stress strain curve拉伸应变stretching strain拉伸应力弛豫tensile stress relaxation热历史thermal history热缩短thermoshrinking扭辫剖析torsional braid analysis，TBA 应力致白stress whitening应变能strain energy应变张量strain tensor节余应力residual stress应变硬化strain hardening应变融化strain softening电流变液electrorheological fluid假塑性pseudoplastic拉胀性auxiticity牛顿流体Newtonian fluid非牛顿流体non-Newtonian fluid宾汉姆流体Bingham fluid冷流cold flow牛顿剪切黏度Newtonian shear viscosity剪切黏度shear viscosity表观剪切黏度apparent shear viscosity剪切变稀shear thinning触变性thixotropy塑性形变plastic deformation塑性流动plastic flow体积弛豫volume relaxation拉伸黏度extensional viscosity黏弹性viscoelasticity线性黏弹性linear viscoelasticity非线性黏弹性non-linear viscoelasticity蠕变creep弛豫[作用]relaxation弛豫模量relaxation modulus蠕变柔量creep compliance热畸变温度heat distortion temperature弛豫谱relaxation spectrum推延[时间]谱retardation [time] spectrum弛豫时间relaxation time推延时间retardation time动向力学行为dynamic mechanical behavior动向黏弹性dynamic viscoelasticity热- 机械曲线thermo-mechanical curve动向转变dynamic transition储能模量storage modulus消耗模量loss modulus复数模量complex modulus复数柔量complex compliance动向黏度dynamic viscosity复数黏度complex viscosity复数介电常数complex dielectric permittivity介电消耗因子dielectric dissipation factor介电消耗常数dielectric loss constant介电弛豫时间dielectric relaxation time玻璃化转变glass transition玻璃化转变温度glass-transition temperature次级弛豫secondary relaxation次级转变secondary transition次级弛豫温度secondary relaxation temperature开尔文模型Kelvin model麦克斯韦模型Maxwell model时- 温叠加原理time-temperature superposition principle 玻耳兹曼叠加原理Boltzmann superposition principle 平移因子shift factorWLF公式WLF[Williams-Lendel-Ferry] equation融化温度均衡熔点物理老化光老化热老化热氧老化人工老化加快老化计算机模拟分子动力学模拟蒙特卡洛模拟softening temperatureequilibrium melting pointphysical ageingphotoageingthermal ageingthermo-oxidative ageingartificial ageingaccelerated ageingcomputer simulationmolecular dynamics simulation Monte Carlo simulation－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－聚合反响类：单体monomer官能度functionality均匀官能度average functionality双官能［基］单体bifunctional monomer三官能［基］单体trifunctional monomer乙烯基单体vinyl monomer1,1- 亚乙烯基单体，偏［二］代替乙烯单体vinylidene monomer1,2- 亚乙烯基单体，1,2- 二代替乙烯单体vinylene monomer双烯单体，二烯单体diene monomer极性单体polar monomer非极性单体non polar monomer共轭单体conjugated monomer非共轭单体non conjugated monomer活化单体activated monomer官能单体functional monomer大分子单体macromer, macromonomer环状单体cyclic monomer共聚单体comonomer聚合［反响］polymerization均聚反响homopolymerization低聚反响，齐集反响 ( 曾用名 )oligomerization调聚反响telomerization自觉聚合spontaneous polymerization预聚合prepolymerization后聚合post polymerization再聚合repolymerization铸塑聚合 ,浇铸聚合cast polymerization链［式］聚合chain polymerization烯类聚合，乙烯基聚合vinyl polymerization双烯［类］聚合diene polymerization加［成］聚［合］addition polymerization自由基聚合，游离基聚合 ( 曾用名 )free radical polymerization,radical polymerization控制自由基聚合，可控自由基聚合controlled radical polymerization， CRP活性自由基聚合living radical polymerization原子转移自由基聚合atom transfer radical polymerization， ATRP反向原子转移自由基聚合reverse atom transfer radical polymerization ， RATRP 可逆加成断裂链转移reversible addition fragmentation chaintransfer，RAFT氮氧 [ 自由基 ] 调控聚合nitroxide mediated polymerization稳固自由基聚合stable free radical polymerization， FRP自由基异构化聚合free radical isomerization polymerization自由基开环聚合radical ring opening polymerization氧化复原聚合redox polymerization无活性端聚合，死端聚合 ( 曾用名 )dead end polymerization光［致］聚合photo polymerization光引起聚合light initiated polymerization光敏聚合photosensitized polymerization四中心聚合four center polymerization电荷转移聚合charge transfer polymerization辐射引起聚合radiation initiated polymerization热聚合thermal polymerization电解聚合electrolytic polymerization等离子体聚合plasma polymerization易位聚合metathesis polymerization开环易位聚合ring opening metathesis polymerization，ROMP精美聚合precision polymerization环化聚合cyclopolymerization拓扑化学聚合topochemical polymerization均衡聚合equilibrium polymerization离子［型］聚合ionic polymerization辐射离子聚合radiation ion polymerization离子对聚合ion pair polymerization正离子聚合，阳离子聚合cationic polymerization碳正离子聚合carbenium ion polymerization,carbocationic polymerization假正离子聚合pseudo cationic polymerization假正离子活［性］聚合pseudo cationic living polymerization活性正离子聚合living cationic polymerization负离子聚合，阴离子聚合anionic polymerization碳负离子聚合carbanionic polymerization活性负离子聚合living anionic polymerization负离子环化聚合anionic cyclopolymerization负离子电化学聚合anionic electrochemical polymerization负离子异构化聚合anionic isomerization polymerization烯丙基聚合allylic polymerization活［性］聚合living polymerization两性离子聚合zwitterion polymerization齐格勒 - 纳塔聚合Ziegler Natta polymerization配位聚合coordination polymerization配位离子聚合coordinated ionic polymerization配位负离子聚合coordinated anionic polymerization配位正离子聚合coordinated cationic polymerization插入聚合insertion polymerization定向聚合，立构规整聚合stereoregular polymerization, stereospecific polymerization 有规立构聚合tactic polymerization全同立构聚合isospecific polymerization不对称引诱聚合asymmetric induction polymerization不对称选择性聚合asymmetric selective polymerization不对称立体选择性聚合asymmetric stereoselective polymerization对映［体］不对称聚合enantioasymmetric polymerization对映［体］对称聚合enantiosymmetric polymerization异构化聚合isomerization polymerization氢转移聚合hydrogen transfer polymerization基团转移聚合group transfer polymerization，GTP除去聚合elimination polymerization模板聚合matrix polymerization,template polymerization插层聚合intercalation polymerization无催化聚合uncatalyzed polymerization开环聚合ring opening polymerization活性开环聚合living ring opening polymerization不死的聚合immortal polymerization酶聚合作用enzymatic polymerization聚加成反响，逐渐加成聚合 ( 曾用名 )polyaddition偶联聚合coupling polymerization序列聚合sequential polymerization闪发聚合，俗称暴聚flash polymerization氧化聚合oxidative polymerization氧化偶联聚合oxidative coupling polymerization逐渐［增加］聚合step growth polymerization缩聚反响condensation polymerization，polycondensation酯互换型聚合transesterification type polymerization, ester exchange polycondensation自催化缩聚autocatalytic polycondensation均相聚合homogeneous polymerization非均相聚合heterogeneous polymerization相转变聚合phase inversion polymerization本体聚合bulk polymerization, mass polymerization固相聚合solid phase polymerization气相聚合gaseous polymerization,gas phase polymerization吸附聚合adsorption polymerization溶液聚合solution polymerization积淀聚合precipitation polymerization淤浆聚合slurry polymerization悬浮聚合suspension polymerization反相悬浮聚合reversed phase suspension polymerization 珠状聚合bead polymerization, pearl polymerization分别聚合dispersion polymerization反相分别聚合inverse dispersion polymerization种子聚合seeding polymerization乳液聚合emulsion polymerization无乳化剂乳液聚合emulsifier free emulsion polymerization 反相乳液聚合inverse emulsion polymerization微乳液聚合micro emulsion polymerization连续聚合continuous polymerization半连续聚合semicontinuous polymerization分批聚合，间歇聚合batch polymerization原位聚合in situ polymerization均相缩聚homopolycondensation活化缩聚activated polycondensation熔融缩聚melt phase polycondensation固相缩聚solid phase polycondensation体型缩聚three dimensional polycondensation界面聚合interfacial polymerization界面缩聚interfacial polycondensation环加成聚合cycloaddition polymerization环烯聚合cycloalkene polymerization环硅氧烷聚合cyclosiloxane polymerization引起剂initiator引起剂活性activity of initiator聚合催化剂polymerization catalyst自由基引起剂radical initiator偶氮［类］引起剂azo type initiator2,2 ′偶氮二异丁腈2,2'- azobisisobutyronitrile, AIBN过氧化苯甲酰benzoyl peroxide, BPO过硫酸盐引起剂persulphate initiator复合引起系统complex initiation system氧化复原引起剂redox initiator电荷转移复合物，电荷转移络合物charge transfer complex, CTC聚合加快剂，聚合促使剂polymerization accelerator光敏引起剂photoinitiator双官能引起剂bifunctional initiator， difunctional initiator三官能引起剂trifunctional initiator大分子引起剂macroinitiator引起 - 转移剂initiator transfer agent, inifer引起-转移-停止剂initiator transfer agent terminator, iniferter光引起转移停止剂photoiniferter热引起转移停止剂thermoiniferter正离子催化剂cationic catalyst正离子引起剂cationic initiator负离子引起剂ionioic initiator共引起剂coinitiator烷基锂引起剂alkyllithium initiator负离子自由基引起剂anion radical initiator烯醇钠引起剂alfin initiator齐格勒 - 纳塔催化剂Ziegler Natta catalyst过渡金属催化剂transition metal catalyst双组分催化剂bicomponent catalyst后过渡金属催化剂late transition metal catalyst金属络合物催化剂metal complex catalyst［二］茂金属催化剂metallocene catalyst甲基铝氧烷methylaluminoxane, MAOμ 氧桥双金属烷氧化物催化剂bimetallicμ -oxo alkoxides catalyst 双金属催化剂bimetallic catalyst桥基茂金属bridged metallocene限制几何构型茂金属催化剂constrained geometry metallocene catalyst 均相茂金属催化剂homogeneous metallocene catalyst链引起chain initiation热引起thermal initiation染料敏化光引起dye sensitized phtoinitiation电荷转移引起charge transfer initiation引诱期induction period引起剂效率initiator efficiency引诱分解induced decomposition再引起reinitiation链增加chain growth, chain propagation增加链端propagating chain end活性种reactive species活性中心active center连续自由基persistent radical聚合最高温度ceilling temperature of polymerization链停止chain termination双分子停止bimolecular termination初级自由基停止primary radical termination扩散控制停止diffusion controlled termination歧化停止disproportionation termination巧合停止coupling termination单分子停止unimolecular termination自觉停止spontaneous termination停止剂terminator链停止剂chain terminating agent假停止pseudotermination自觉停止self termination自由基捕捉剂radical scavenger旋转光闸法rotating sector method自由基寿命free radical lifetime凝胶效应gel effect自动加快效应autoacceleration effect链转移chain transfer链转移剂chain transfer agent尾咬转移backbitting transfer退化链转移degradation (degradative) chain transfer加成断裂链转移［反响］addition fragmentation chain transfer 链转移常数chain transfer constant①缓聚作用②延缓作用retardation阻聚作用inhibition缓聚剂retarder缓聚剂，阻滞剂retarding agent阻聚剂inhibitor封端［反响］end capping端基terminal group聚合动力学polymerization kinetics聚合热力学polymerization thermodynamics聚合热heat of polymerization共聚合［反响］copolymerization二元共聚合binary copolymerization三元共聚合ternary copolymerization竞聚率reactivity ratio自由基共聚合radical copolymerization离子共聚合ionic copolymerization无规共聚合random copolymerization理想共聚合ideal copolymerization交替共聚合alternating copolymerization恒［组］分共聚合azeotropic copolymerization 接枝共聚合graft copolymerization嵌段共聚合block copolymerization开环共聚合ring opening copolymerization共聚合方程copolymerization equation共缩聚copolycondensation逐渐共聚合step copolymerization同种增加homopropagation自增加self propagation交错增加cross propagation前尾端基效应penultimate effect交错停止cross terminationQ值Q valuee 值e valueQ,e 观点Q, e scheme序列长度散布sequence length distribution侧基反响reaction of pendant group扩链剂，链增加剂chain extender交联crosslinking化学交联chemical crosslinking自交联self crosslinking光交联photocrosslinking交联度degree of crosslinking硫化vulcanization固化curing硫［黄］硫化sulfur vulcanization促使硫化accelerated sulfur vulcanization过氧化物交联peroxide crosslinking无规交联random crosslinking交联密度crosslinking density交联指数crosslinking index解聚depolymerization①降解②退化degradation链断裂chain breaking解聚酶depolymerase细菌降解bacterial degradation生物降解biodegradation化学降解chemical degradation辐射降解断链降解自由基链降解无规降解水解降解热降解热氧化降解光降解光氧化降解力化学降解接枝聚合活化接枝接枝点链支化支化度接枝效率接枝度辐射引诱接枝嵌段聚合radiation degradationchain scission degradationfree radical chain degradation random degradationhydrolytic degradationthermal degradationthermal oxidative degradation photodegradationphoto oxidative degradationmechanochemical degradation graft polymerizationactivation graftinggrafting sitechain branchingdegree of branchingefficiency of graftinggrafting degreeradiation induced grafting block polymerization－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－通用类：高分子macromolecule, polymer超高分子supra polymer天然高分子natural polymer无机高分子inorganic polymer有机高分子organic polymer无机 - 有机高分子inorganic organic polymer金属有机聚合物organometallic polymer元素高分子element polymer高聚物high polymer聚合物polymer低聚物oligomer二聚体dimer三聚体trimer调聚物telomer预聚物prepolymer均聚物homopolymer无规聚合物random polymer无规卷曲聚合物random coiling polymer头- 头聚合物head-to-head polymer头- 尾聚合物head-to-tail polymer尾- 尾聚合物tail-to-tail polymer反式有规聚合物transtactic polymer。
高分子材料工程专业英语词汇及部分课文翻译
专业英语词汇accordion 手风琴 activation 活化（作用）addition polymer 加成聚合物，加聚物 aggravate 加重，恶化 agitation 搅拌 agrochemical 农药，化肥 Alfin catalyst 醇（碱金属）烯催化剂 align 排列成行 aliphatic 脂肪（族）的 alkali metal 碱金属 allyl 烯丙基aluminum alkyl 烷基铝 amidation 酰胺化（作用） amino 氨基，氨基的 amorphous 无定型的，非晶体的 anionic 阴（负）离子的 antioxidant 抗氧剂 antistatic agent 抗静电剂 aromatic 芳香（族）的 arrangement （空间）排布，排列 atactic 无规立构的 attraction 引力，吸引 backbone 主链，骨干 behavior 性能，行为 biological 生物（学）的 biomedical 生物医学的bond dissociation energy 键断裂能 boundary 界限，范围 brittle 脆的，易碎的 butadiene 丁二烯 butyllithium 丁基锂 calendering 压延成型 calendering 压延 carboxyl 羧基 carrier 载体catalyst 催化剂，触媒 categorization 分类（法） category 种类，类型 cation 正[阳]离子cationic 阳（正）离子的 centrifuge 离心 chain reaction 连锁反应 chain termination 链终止 char 炭 characterize 表征成为…的特征 chilled water 冷冻水 chlorine 氯（气） coating 涂覆 cocatalyst 助催化剂 coil 线团 coiling 线团状的 colligative 依数性 colloid 胶体 commence 开始，着手 common salt 食盐 complex 络合物 compliance 柔量 condensation polymer 缩合聚合物，缩聚物conductive material 导电材料 conformation 构象 consistency 稠度，粘稠度 contaminant 污物 contour 外形，轮廓controlled release 控制释放 controversy 争论，争议 conversion 转化率 conversion 转化 copolymer 共聚物 copolymerization 共聚（合） corrosion inhibitor 缓释剂 countercurrent 逆流 crosslinking 交联 crystal 基体，结晶 crystalline 晶体，晶态，结晶的，晶态的crystalline 结晶的 crystallinity 结晶性，结晶度 crystallite 微晶 decomposition 分解 defect 缺陷 deformability 变形性，变形能力 deformation 形变 deformation 变形degree of polymerization 聚合度 dehydrogenate 使脱氢 density 密度depolymerization 解聚 deposit 堆积物，沉积 depropagation 降解 dewater 脱水diacid 二（元）酸 diamine 二（元）胺 dibasic 二元的 dieforming 口模成型 diffraction 衍射 diffuse 扩散 dimension 尺寸 dimensional stability 尺寸稳定性 dimer 二聚物（体） diol 二（元）醇 diolefin 二烯烃 disintegrate 分解，分散，分离 dislocation 错位，位错 dispersant 分散剂 dissociate 离解 dissolution 溶解dissolve 使…溶解distort 使…变形，扭曲 double bond 双键dough （生）面团，揉好的面 drug 药品，药物elastic modulus 弹性模量 elastomer 弹性体 eliminate 消除，打开，除去 elongation 伸长率，延伸率 entanglement 缠结，纠缠 entropy 熵 equilibrium 平衡 esterification 酯化（作用） evacuate 撤出 extrusion 注射成型 extrusion 挤出 fiber 纤维flame retardant 阻燃剂 flexible 柔软的flocculating agent 絮凝剂folded-chain lamella theory 折叠链片晶理论 formulation 配方 fractionation 分级 fragment 碎屑，碎片 fringed-micelle theory 缨状微束理论 functional group 官能团 functional polymer 功能聚合物 functionalized polymer 功能聚合物 gel 凝胶glass transition temperature 玻璃化温度 glassy 玻璃（态）的 glassy 玻璃态的 glassy state 玻璃态 globule 小球，液滴，颗粒 growing chain 生长链，活性链 gyration 旋转，回旋 hardness 硬度 heat transfer 热传递 heterogeneous 不均匀的，非均匀的 hydocy acid 羧基酸 hydrogen 氢（气） hydrogen bonding 氢键 hydrostatic 流体静力学 hydroxyl 烃基 hypothetical 假定的，理想的，有前提的 ideal 理想的，概念的 imagine 想象，推测imbed 嵌入，埋入，包埋 imperfect 不完全的 improve 增进，改善 impurity 杂质 indispensable 不了或缺的 infrared spectroscopy 红外光谱法 ingredient 成分 initiation （链）引发 initiator 引发剂inorganic polymer 无机聚合物 interaction 相互作用 interchain 链间的interlink 把…相互连接起来连接 intermittent 间歇式的 intermolecular (作用于)分子间的 intrinsic 固有的 ion 离子ion exchange resin 离子交换树脂 ionic 离子的 ionic polymerization 离子型聚合 irradiation 照射，辐射 irregularity 不规则性，不均匀的 isobutylene 异丁烯 isocyanate 异氰酸酯 isopropylate 异丙醇金属，异丙氧化金属isotactic 等规立构的 isotropic 各项同性的 kinetic chain length 动力学链长 kinetics 动力学 latent 潜在的light scattering 光散射 line 衬里，贴面 liquid crystal 液晶macromelecule 大分子，高分子 matrix 基体，母体，基质，矩阵 mean-aquare end-to-end distance 均方末端距mechanical property 力学性能，机械性能mechanism 机理medium 介质中等的，中间的 minimise 最小化 minimum 最小值，最小的 mo(u)lding 模型 mobility 流动性 mobilize 运动，流动 model 模型 modify 改性molecular weight 分子量 molecular weight distribution 分子量分布molten 熔化的monofunctional 单官能度的 monomer 单体 morphology 形态（学） moulding 模塑成型 neutral 中性的 nonelastic 非弹性的nuclear magnetic resonance 核磁共振 nuclear track detector 核径迹探测器 number average molecular weight 数均分子量occluded 夹杂（带）的 olefinic 烯烃的optimum 最佳的，最佳值[点，状态] orient 定向，取向 orientation 定向 oxonium 氧鎓羊 packing 堆砌 parameter 参数 parison 型柸pattern 花纹，图样式样 peculiarity 特性 pendant group 侧基 performance 性能，特征 permeability 渗透性pharmaceutical 药品，药物，药物的，医药的phenyl sodium 苯基钠 phenyllithium 苯基锂 phosgene 光气，碳酰氯 photosensitizer 光敏剂 plastics 塑料 platelet 片晶 polyamide 聚酰胺 polybutene 聚丁烯polycondensation 缩（合）聚（合） polydisperse 多分散的 polydispersity 多分散性polyesterification 聚酯化（作用） polyethylene 聚乙烯 polyfunctional 多官能度的 polymer 聚合物【体】，高聚物 polymeric 聚合（物）的 polypropylene 聚苯烯 polystyrene 聚苯乙烯 polyvinyl alcohol 聚乙烯醇 polyvinylchloride 聚氯乙烯 porosity 多孔性，孔隙率 positive 正的，阳（性）的 powdery 粉状的 processing 加工，成型 purity 纯度 pyrolysis 热解 radical 自由基radical polymerization 自由基聚合 radius 半径 random coil 无规线团 random decomposition 无规降解 reactent 反应物，试剂reactive 反应性的，活性的 reactivity 反应性，活性 reactivity ratio 竞聚率 real 真是的 release 解除，松开 repeating unit 重复单元 retract 收缩 rubber 橡胶 rubbery 橡胶态的 rupture 断裂 saturation 饱和 scalp 筛子，筛分 seal 密封secondary shaping operation 二次成型 sedimentation 沉降（法） segment 链段 segment 链段semicrystalline 半晶 settle 沉淀，澄清 shaping 成型 side reaction 副作用 simultaneously 同时，同步 single bond 单键 slastic parameter 弹性指数 slurry 淤浆 solar energy 太阳能 solubility 溶解度 solvent 溶剂 spacer group 隔离基团 sprinkle 喷洒 squeeze 挤压srereoregularity 立构规整性【度】 stability 稳定性 stabilizer 稳定剂 statistical 统计的step-growth polymerization 逐步聚合 stereoregular 有规立构的，立构规整性的stoichiometric 当量的，化学计算量的 strength 强度stretch 拉直，拉长 stripping tower 脱单塔 subdivide 细分区分 substitution 取代，代替 surfactant 表面活性剂 swell 溶胀 swollen 溶胀的 synthesis 合成 synthesize 合成 synthetic 合成的tacky （表面）发粘的 ,粘连性 tanker 油轮，槽车tensile strength 抗张强度 terminate （链）终止tertiary 三元的，叔（特）的tetrahydrofuran 四氢呋喃 texture 结构，组织 thermoforming 热成型 thermondynamically 热力学地 thermoplastic 热塑性的 thermoset 热固性的three-dimensionally ordered 三维有序的 titanium tetrachloride 四氯化钛 titanium trichloride 三氯化铁 torsion 转矩transfer （链）转移，（热）传递 triethyloxonium-borofluoride 三乙基硼氟酸羊trimer 三聚物（体）triphenylenthyl potassium 三苯甲基钾 ultracentrifugation 超速离心（分离） ultrasonic 超声波 uncross-linked 非交联的 uniaxial 单轴的 unsaturated 不饱和的 unzippering 开链 urethane 氨基甲酸酯 variation 变化，改变 vinyl 乙烯基（的） vinyl chloride 氯乙烯 vinyl ether 乙烯基醚 viscoelastic 黏弹性的 viscoelastic state 黏弹态 viscofluid state 黏流态 viscosity 黏度viscosity average molecular weight 黏均分子量viscous 粘稠的 vulcanization 硫化weight average molecular weight 重均分子量X-ray x射线 x光 yield 产率Young's modulus 杨氏模量课文翻译第一单元什么是高聚物？什么是高聚物？首先，他们是合成物和大分子，而且不同于低分子化合物，譬如说普通的盐。
高分子专业英语
高分子专业英语词汇英汉对照关键词：英语高分子词汇英汉对照序号中文英文1 高分子macromolecule, polymer 又称"大分子"。
2 超高分子supra polymer3 天然高分子natural polymer4 无机高分子inorganic polymer5 有机高分子organic polymer6 无机-有机高分子inorganic organic polymer7 金属有机聚合物organometallic polymer8 元素高分子element polymer9 高聚物high polymer10 聚合物polymer11 低聚物oligomer 曾用名"齐聚物"。
12 二聚体dimer13 三聚体trimer14 调聚物telomer15 预聚物prepolymer16 均聚物homopolymer17 无规聚合物random polymer18 无规卷曲聚合物random coiling polymer19 头-头聚合物head-to-head polymer20 头-尾聚合物head-to-tail polymer21 尾-尾聚合物tail-to-tail polymer22 反式有规聚合物transtactic polymer23 顺式有规聚合物cistactic polymer24 规整聚合物regular polymer25 非规整聚合物irregular polymer26 无规立构聚合物atactic polymer27 全同立构聚合物isotactic polymer 又称"等规聚合物"。
28 间同立构聚合物syndiotactic polymer 又称"间规聚合物"。
29 杂同立构聚合物heterotactic polymer 又称"异规聚合物"。
30 有规立构聚合物stereoregular polymer, tactic polymer 又称"有规聚合物"。
高分子材料与工程专业英语词汇
05. 高分子化学05.1高分子物质05.2coiling type polymer05.2 聚合与高分子化学反应3 平均官能度average functionality4 双官能［基］单体bifunctional monomer5 三官能［基］单体trifunctional monomer6 乙烯基单体vinyl monomer1,1-亚乙烯基单体，vinylidene monomer7偏［二］取代乙烯单体1,2-亚乙烯基单体，vinylene monomer81,2-二取代乙烯单体9 双烯单体，二烯单体diene monomer10 极性单体polar monomer11 非极性单体non polar monomer12 共轭单体conjugated monomer13 非共轭单体non conjugated monomer14 活化单体activated monomer15 官能单体functional monomer16 大分子单体macromer, macromonomer17 环状单体cyclic monomer18 共聚单体comonomer19 聚合［反应］polymerization20 均聚反应homopolymerization低聚反应，oligomerization21齐聚反应(曾用名)22 调聚反应telomerization23 自发聚合spontaneous polymerization24 预聚合prepolymerization25 后聚合post polymerization26 再聚合repolymerization27 铸塑聚合, 浇铸聚合cast polymerization28 链［式］聚合chain polymerization29 烯类聚合，乙烯基聚合vinyl polymerization30 双烯［类］聚合diene polymerization31 加［成］聚［合］addition polymerization32自由基聚合，游离基聚合(曾用名) free radical polymerization, radical polymerization33控制自由基聚合，可控自由基聚合controlled radical polymerization，CRP34 活性自由基聚合living radical polymerization35 原子转移自由基聚合atom transfer radical polymerization，ATRP36 反向原子转移自由基聚合reverse atom transfer radical polymerization，RATRP37可逆加成断裂链转移reversible addition fragmentation chaintransfer，RAFT38 氮氧[自由基]调控聚合nitroxide mediated polymerization39 稳定自由基聚合stable free radical polymerization，FRP40 自由基异构化聚合free radical isomerization polymerization41 自由基开环聚合radical ring opening polymerization42 氧化还原聚合redox polymerization43无活性端聚合，死端聚合(曾用名)dead end polymerization44 光［致］聚合photo polymerization45 光引发聚合light initiated polymerization46 光敏聚合photosensitized polymerization47 四中心聚合four center polymerization48 电荷转移聚合charge transfer polymerization49 辐射引发聚合radiation initiated polymerization50 热聚合thermal polymerization51 电解聚合electrolytic polymerization52 等离子体聚合plasma polymerization53 易位聚合metathesis polymerization54 开环易位聚合ring opening metathesis polymerization，ROMP55 精密聚合precision polymerization56 环化聚合cyclopolymerization57 拓扑化学聚合topochemical polymerization58 平衡聚合equilibrium polymerization59 离子［型］聚合ionic polymerization60 辐射离子聚合radiation ion polymerization61 离子对聚合ion pair polymerization62正离子聚合，阳离子聚合cationic polymerization63 碳正离子聚合carbenium ion polymerization,carbocationicpolymerization64 假正离子聚合pseudo cationic polymerization65 假正离子活［性］聚合pseudo cationic living polymerization66 活性正离子聚合living cationic polymerization67负离子聚合，阴离子聚合anionic polymerization68 碳负离子聚合carbanionic polymerization69 活性负离子聚合living anionic polymerization70 负离子环化聚合anionic cyclopolymerization71 负离子电化学聚合anionic electrochemical polymerization72 负离子异构化聚合anionic isomerization polymerization73 烯丙基聚合allylic polymerization74 活［性］聚合living polymerization75 两性离子聚合zwitterion polymerization76 齐格勒-纳塔聚合Ziegler Natta polymerization77 配位聚合coordination polymerization78 配位离子聚合coordinated ionic polymerization79 配位负离子聚合coordinated anionic polymerization80 配位正离子聚合coordinated cationic polymerization81 插入聚合insertion polymerization82定向聚合，立构规整聚合stereoregular polymerization, stereospecific polymerization83 有规立构聚合tactic polymerization84 全同立构聚合isospecific polymerization85 不对称诱导聚合asymmetric induction polymerization86 不对称选择性聚合asymmetric selective polymerization87 不对称立体选择性聚合asymmetric stereoselective polymerization88 对映［体］不对称聚合enantioasymmetric polymerization89 对映［体］对称聚合enantiosymmetric polymerization90 异构化聚合isomerization polymerization91 氢转移聚合hydrogen transfer polymerization92 基团转移聚合group transfer polymerization，GTP93 消除聚合elimination polymerization94 模板聚合matrix polymerization,templatepolymerization95 插层聚合intercalation polymerization96 无催化聚合uncatalyzed polymerization97 开环聚合ring opening polymerization98 活性开环聚合living ring opening polymerization99 不死的聚合immortal polymerization100 酶聚合作用enzymatic polymerization聚加成反应，polyaddition101逐步加成聚合(曾用名)102 偶联聚合coupling polymerization103 序列聚合sequential polymerization104 闪发聚合，俗称暴聚flash polymerization105 氧化聚合oxidative polymerization106 氧化偶联聚合oxidative coupling polymerization107 逐步［增长］聚合step growth polymerization缩聚反应condensation polymerization，108polycondensation酯交换型聚合transesterification type polymerization, 109ester exchange polycondensation110 自催化缩聚autocatalytic polycondensation111 均相聚合homogeneous polymerization112 非均相聚合heterogeneous polymerization113 相转化聚合phase inversion polymerization114 本体聚合bulk polymerization, mass polymerization 115 固相聚合solid phase polymerization气相聚合gaseous polymerization,116gas phase polymerization117 吸附聚合adsorption polymerization118 溶液聚合solution polymerization119 沉淀聚合precipitation polymerization120 淤浆聚合slurry polymerization121 悬浮聚合suspension polymerization122 反相悬浮聚合reversed phase suspension polymerization 123 珠状聚合bead polymerization, pearl polymerization 124 分散聚合dispersion polymerization125 反相分散聚合inverse dispersion polymerization126 种子聚合seeding polymerization127 乳液聚合emulsion polymerization128 无乳化剂乳液聚合emulsifier free emulsion polymerization 129 反相乳液聚合inverse emulsion polymerization130 微乳液聚合micro emulsion polymerization131 连续聚合continuous polymerization132 半连续聚合semicontinuous polymerization133 分批聚合，间歇聚合batch polymerization134 原位聚合in situ polymerization135 均相缩聚homopolycondensation136 活化缩聚activated polycondensation137 熔融缩聚melt phase polycondensation138 固相缩聚solid phase polycondensation139 体型缩聚three dimensional polycondensation140 界面聚合interfacial polymerization141 界面缩聚interfacial polycondensation142 环加成聚合cycloaddition polymerization143 环烯聚合cycloalkene polymerization144 环硅氧烷聚合cyclosiloxane polymerization145 引发剂initiator146 引发剂活性activity of initiator147 聚合催化剂polymerization catalyst148 自由基引发剂radical initiator149 偶氮［类］引发剂azo type initiator150 2,2′偶氮二异丁腈2,2'- azobisisobutyronitrile, AIBN151 过氧化苯甲酰benzoyl peroxide, BPO152 过硫酸盐引发剂persulphate initiator153 复合引发体系complex initiation system154 氧化还原引发剂redox initiator电荷转移复合物，charge transfer complex, CTC155电荷转移络合物156 聚合加速剂，聚合促进剂polymerization accelerator157 光敏引发剂photoinitiator158 双官能引发剂bifunctional initiator，difunctional initiator 159 三官能引发剂trifunctional initiator160 大分子引发剂macroinitiator161 引发-转移剂initiator transfer agent, inifer162 引发-转移-终止剂initiator transfer agent terminator, iniferter 163 光引发转移终止剂photoiniferter164 热引发转移终止剂thermoiniferter165 正离子催化剂cationic catalyst166 正离子引发剂cationic initiator167 负离子引发剂ionioic initiator168 共引发剂coinitiator169 烷基锂引发剂alkyllithium initiator170 负离子自由基引发剂anion radical initiator171 烯醇钠引发剂alfin initiator172 齐格勒-纳塔催化剂Ziegler Natta catalyst173 过渡金属催化剂transition metal catalyst174 双组分催化剂bicomponent catalyst175 后过渡金属催化剂late transition metal catalyst 176 金属络合物催化剂metal complex catalyst 177 ［二］茂金属催化剂metallocene catalyst178 甲基铝氧烷methylaluminoxane, MAO179μ氧桥双金属烷氧化物催化剂bimetallic μ-oxo alkoxides catalyst180 双金属催化剂bimetallic catalyst 181 桥基茂金属bridged metallocene182限定几何构型茂金属催化剂constrained geometry metallocene catalyst183 均相茂金属催化剂homogeneous metallocene catalyst 184 链引发chain initiation185 热引发thermal initiation186 染料敏化光引发dye sensitized phtoinitiation187 电荷转移引发charge transfer initiation188 诱导期induction period189 引发剂效率initiator efficiency190 诱导分解induced decomposition191 再引发reinitiation192 链增长chain growth, chain propagation193 增长链端propagating chain end194 活性种reactive species195 活性中心active center196 持续自由基persistent radical197 聚合最高温度ceilling temperature of polymerization 198 链终止chain termination199 双分子终止bimolecular termination200 初级自由基终止primary radical termination201 扩散控制终止diffusion controlled termination202 歧化终止disproportionation termination203 偶合终止coupling termination204 单分子终止unimolecular termination205 自发终止spontaneous termination206 终止剂terminator207 链终止剂chain terminating agent208 假终止pseudotermination209 自发终止self termination210 自由基捕获剂radical scavenger211 旋转光闸法rotating sector method212 自由基寿命free radical lifetime213 凝胶效应gel effect214 自动加速效应autoacceleration effect215 链转移chain transfer216 链转移剂chain transfer agent217 尾咬转移backbitting transfer218 退化链转移degradation (degradative) chain transfer 219 加成断裂链转移［反应］addition fragmentation chain transfer 220 链转移常数chain transfer constant①缓聚作用retardation221②延迟作用222 阻聚作用inhibition223 缓聚剂retarder224 缓聚剂，阻滞剂retarding agent225 阻聚剂inhibitor226 封端［反应］end capping227 端基terminal group228 聚合动力学polymerization kinetics229 聚合热力学polymerization thermodynamics 230 聚合热heat of polymerization231 共聚合［反应］copolymerization232 二元共聚合binary copolymerization233 三元共聚合ternary copolymerization234 竞聚率reactivity ratio235 自由基共聚合radical copolymerization236 离子共聚合ionic copolymerization237 无规共聚合random copolymerization238 理想共聚合ideal copolymerization239 交替共聚合alternating copolymerization 240 恒［组］分共聚合azeotropic copolymerization 241 接枝共聚合graft copolymerization242 嵌段共聚合block copolymerization243 开环共聚合ring opening copolymerization 244 共聚合方程copolymerization equation245 共缩聚copolycondensation246 逐步共聚合step copolymerization247 同种增长homopropagation248 自增长self propagation249 交叉增长cross propagation250 前末端基效应penultimate effect251 交叉终止cross termination252 Q值Q value253 e值e value254 Q,e概念Q, e scheme255 序列长度分布sequence length distribution 256 侧基反应reaction of pendant group257 扩链剂，链增长剂chain extender258 交联crosslinking259 化学交联chemical crosslinking260 自交联self crosslinking261 光交联photocrosslinking262 交联度degree of crosslinking263 硫化vulcanization264 固化curing265 硫［黄］硫化sulfur vulcanization266 促进硫化accelerated sulfur vulcanization 267 过氧化物交联peroxide crosslinking268 无规交联random crosslinking269 交联密度crosslinking density270 交联指数crosslinking index271 解聚depolymerization272 ①降解②退化degradation273 链断裂chain breaking274 解聚酶depolymerase275 细菌降解bacterial degradation276 生物降解biodegradation277 化学降解chemical degradation278 辐射降解radiation degradation05.3 高分子物理化学与高分子物理17三单元组triad18四单元组tetrad19五单元组pentad20无规线团random coil21自由连接链freely-jointed chain22自由旋转链freely-rotating chain23蠕虫状链worm-like chain24柔性链flexible chain25链柔性chain flexibility26刚性链rigid chain27棒状链rodlike chain28链刚性chain rigidity29聚集aggregation30聚集体aggregate31凝聚、聚集coalescence32链缠结chain entanglement33凝聚缠结cohesional entanglement34物理缠结physical entanglement35拓扑缠结topological entanglement36凝聚相condensed phase37凝聚态condensed state38凝聚过程condensing process39临界聚集浓度critical aggregation concentration 40线团-球粒转换coil-globule transition41受限链confined chain42受限态confined state43物理交联physical crosslinking44统计线团statistical coil45等效链equivalent chain46统计链段statistical segment47链段chain segment48链构象chain conformation49无规线团模型random coil model50无规行走模型random walk model51自避随机行走模型self avoiding walk model52卷曲构象coiled conformation53高斯链Gaussian chain54无扰尺寸unperturbed dimension55扰动尺寸perturbed dimension56热力学等效球thermodynamically equivalent sphere 57近程分子内相互作用short-range intramolecular interaction 58远程分子内相互作用long-range intramolecular interaction 59链间相互作用interchain interaction60链间距interchain spacing61长程有序long range order62近程有序short range order63回转半径radius of gyration64末端间矢量end-to-end vector65链末端chain end66末端距end-to-end distance67无扰末端距unperturbed end-to-end distance68均方根末端距root-mean-square end-to-end distance 69伸直长度contour length70相关长度persistence length71主链；链骨架chain backbone72支链branch chain73链支化chain branching74短支链short-chain branch75长支链long-chain branch76支化系数branching index77支化密度branching density78支化度degree of branching79交联度degree of crosslinking80网络network81网络密度network density82溶胀swelling83平衡溶胀equilibrium swelling84分子组装，分子组合molecular assembly85自组装self assembly86微凝胶microgel87凝胶点gel point88可逆[性]凝胶reversible gel89溶胶-凝胶转化sol-gel transformation90临界胶束浓度critical micelle concentration，CMC91组成非均一性constitutional heterogenity, compositionalheterogenity92摩尔质量平均molar mass average 又称“分子量平均”93数均分子量number-average molecular weight,number-average molar mass94重均分子量weight-average molecular weight,weight-average molar mass95Z均分子量Z(Zaverage)-average molecular weight,Z-molar mass96黏均分子量viscosity-average molecular weight，viscosity-average molar mass97表观摩尔质量apparent molar mass98表观分子量apparent molecular weight99聚合度degree of polymerization100动力学链长kinetic chain length101单分散性monodispersity102临界分子量critical molecular weight103分子量分布molecular weight distribution，MWD104多分散性指数polydispersity index，PID105平均聚合度average degree of polymerization106质量分布函数mass distribution function107数量分布函数number distribution function108重量分布函数weight distribution function109舒尔茨-齐姆分布Schulz-Zimm distribution110最概然分布most probable distribution 曾用名“最可几分布”111对数正态分布logarithmic normal distribution 又称“对数正则分布”112聚合物溶液polymer solution113聚合物-溶剂相互作用polymer-solvent interaction114溶剂热力学性质thermodynamic quality of solvent115均方末端距mean square end to end distance116均方旋转半径mean square radius of gyration117θ温度theta temperature118θ态theta state119θ溶剂theta solvent120良溶剂good solvent121不良溶剂poor solvent122位力系数Virial coefficient 曾用名“维里系数”123排除体积excluded volume124溶胀因子expansion factor125溶胀度degree of swelling126弗洛里-哈金斯理论Flory-Huggins theory127哈金斯公式Huggins equation128哈金斯系数Huggins coefficient129χ(相互作用)参数χ-parameter130溶度参数solubility parameter131摩擦系数frictional coefficient132流体力学等效球hydrodynamically equivalent sphere133流体力学体积hydrodynamic volume134珠-棒模型bead-rod model135球-簧链模型ball-spring [chain] model136流动双折射flow birefringence, streaming birefringence 137动态光散射dynamic light scattering138小角激光光散射low angle laser light scattering139沉降平衡sedimentation equilibrium140沉降系数sedimentation coefficient141沉降速度法sedimentation velocity method142沉降平衡法sedimentation equilibrium method143相对黏度relative viscosity144相对黏度增量relative viscosity increment145黏度比viscosity ratio146黏数viscosity number147[乌氏]稀释黏度计[Ubbelohde] dilution viscometer148毛细管黏度计capillary viscometer149落球黏度计ball viscometer150落球黏度ball viscosity151本体黏度bulk viscosity152比浓黏度reduced viscosity153比浓对数黏度inherent viscosity, logarithmic viscositynumber154特性黏数intrinsic viscosity, limiting viscosity number 155黏度函数viscosity function156零切变速率黏度zero shear viscosity157端基分析analysis of end group158蒸气压渗透法vapor pressure osmometry, VPO159辐射的相干弹性散射coherent elastic scattering of radiation160折光指数增量refractive index increment161瑞利比Rayleigh ratio162超瑞利比excess Rayleigh ratio163粒子散射函数particle scattering function164粒子散射因子particle scattering factor165齐姆图Zimm plot166散射的非对称性dissymmetry of scattering167解偏振作用depolarization168分级fractionation169沉淀分级precipitation fractionation170萃取分级extraction fractionation171色谱分级chromatographic fractionation172柱分级column fractionation173洗脱分级，淋洗分级elution fractionation174热分级thermal fractionation175凝胶色谱法gel chromatography176摩尔质量排除极限molar mass exclusion limit177溶剂梯度洗脱色谱法solvent gradient [elution] chromatography 178分子量排除极限molecular weight exclusion limit179洗脱体积elution volume180普适标定universal calibration181加宽函数spreading function182链轴chain axis183等同周期identity period184链重复距离chain repeating distance185晶体折叠周期crystalline fold period186构象重复单元conformational repeating unit187几何等效geometrical equivalence188螺旋链helix chain189构型无序configurational disorder190链取向无序chain orientational disorder191构象无序conformational disorder192锯齿链zigzag chain193双[股]螺旋double stranded helix194[分子]链大尺度取向global chain orientation195结晶聚合物crystalline polymer196半结晶聚合物semi-crystalline polymer197高分子晶体polymer crystal198高分子微晶polymer crystallite199结晶度degree of crystallinity, crystallinity200高分子[异质]同晶现象macromolecular isomorphism201聚合物形态学morphology of polymer202片晶lamella, lamellar crystal203轴晶axialite204树枝[状]晶体dendrite205纤维晶fibrous crystal206串晶结构shish-kebab structure 207球晶spherulite208折叠链folded chain209链折叠chain folding210折叠表面fold surface211折叠面fold plane212折叠微区fold domain213相邻再入模型adjacent re-entry model 214接线板模型switchboard model215缨状微束模型fringed-micelle model 216折叠链晶体folded-chain crystal 217平行链晶体parallel-chain crystal 218伸展链晶体extended-chain crystal 219球状链晶体globular-chain crystal 220长周期long period221近程结构short-range structure 222远程结构long-range structure 223成核作用nucleation224分子成核作用molecular nucleation 225阿夫拉米方程Avrami equation226主结晶primary crystallization 227后期结晶secondary crystallization 228外延结晶，附生结晶epitaxial crystallizationepitaxial growth229外延晶体生长，附生晶体生长230织构texture231液晶态liquid crystal state232溶致性液晶lyotopic liquid crystal233热致性液晶thermotropic liquid crystal234热致性介晶thermotropic mesomorphism235近晶相液晶smectic liquid crystal236近晶中介相smectic mesophase237近晶相smectic phase238条带织构banded texture239环带球晶ringed spherulite240向列相nematic phase241盘状相discotic phase242解取向disorientation243分聚segregation244非晶相amorphous phase 曾用名“无定形相”245非晶区amorphous region246非晶态amorphous state247非晶取向amorphous orientation248链段运动segmental motion249亚稳态metastable state250相分离phase separation251亚稳相分离spinodal decomposition252bimodal decomposition253微相microphase254界面相boundary phase255相容性compatibility256混容性miscibility257不相容性incompatibility258不混容性immiscibility259增容作用compatiibilizationlower critical solution temperature, LCST 260最低临界共溶(溶解)温度upper critical solution temperature , UCST 261最高临界共溶(溶解)温度262浓度猝灭concentration quenching263激基缔合物荧光excimer fluorescence264激基复合物荧光exciplex fluorescence265激光共聚焦荧光显微镜laser confocal fluorescence microscopy 266单轴取向uniaxial orientation267双轴取向biaxial orientation, biorientation268取向度degree of orientation269橡胶态rubber state270玻璃态glassy state271高弹态elastomeric state272黏流态viscous flow state273伸长elongation274高弹形变high elastic deformation275回缩性，弹性复原nerviness276拉伸比draw ratio, extension ratio277泊松比Poisson's ratio278杨氏模量Young's modulus279本体模量bulk modulus280剪切模量shear modulus281法向应力normal stress282剪切应力shear stress283剪切应变shear strain284屈服yielding285颈缩现象necking 又称“细颈现象”286屈服应力yield stress287屈服应变yield strain288脆性断裂brittle fracture289脆性开裂brittle cracking290脆-韧转变brittle ductile transition291脆化温度brittleness(brittle) temperature292延性破裂ductile fracture293冲击强度impact strength294拉伸强度tensile strength 又称“断裂强度,breaking strength”295极限拉伸强度ultimate tensile strength296抗撕强度tearing strength 又称“抗扯强度”297弯曲强度flexural strength, bending strength298弯曲模量bending modulus299弯曲应变bending strain300弯曲应力bending stress301收缩开裂shrinkage crack302剪切强度shear strength303剥离强度peeling strength304疲劳强度fatigue strength, fatigue resistance305挠曲deflection306压缩强度compressive strength307压缩永久变形compression set308压缩变形compressive deformation309压痕硬度indentation hardness310洛氏硬度Rockwell hardness311布氏硬度Brinell hardness312抗刮性scrath resistance313断裂力学fracture mechanics314力学破坏mechanical failure315应力强度因子stress intensity factor316断裂伸长elongation at break317屈服强度yield strength318断裂韧性fracture toughness319弹性形变elastic deformation320弹性滞后elastic hysteresis321弹性elasticity322弹性模量modulus of elasticity323弹性回复elastic recovery324不可回复形变irrecoverable deformation325裂缝crack 俗称“龟裂”326银纹craze327形变；变形deformation328永久变形deformation set329剩余变形residual deformation330剩余伸长residual stretch331回弹，回弹性resilience332延迟形变retarded deformation333延迟弹性retarded elasticity334可逆形变reversible deformation335应力开裂stress cracking336应力-应变曲线stress strain curve337拉伸应变stretching strain338拉伸应力弛豫tensile stress relaxation339热历史thermal history340热收缩thermoshrinking341扭辫分析torsional braid analysis，TBA 342应力致白stress whitening343应变能strain energy344应变张量strain tensor345剩余应力residual stress346应变硬化strain hardening347应变软化strain softening348电流变液electrorheological fluid349假塑性pseudoplastic350拉胀性auxiticity351牛顿流体Newtonian fluid352非牛顿流体non-Newtonian fluid353宾汉姆流体Bingham fluid354冷流cold flow355牛顿剪切黏度Newtonian shear viscosity 356剪切黏度shear viscosity357表观剪切黏度apparent shear viscosity358剪切变稀shear thinning359触变性thixotropy360塑性形变plastic deformation361塑性流动plastic flow362体积弛豫volume relaxation363拉伸黏度extensional viscosity364黏弹性viscoelasticity365线性黏弹性linear viscoelasticity366非线性黏弹性non-linear viscoelasticity367蠕变creep368弛豫[作用] relaxation 又称“松弛”369弛豫模量relaxation modulus370蠕变柔量creep compliance371热畸变温度heat distortion temperature372弛豫谱relaxation spectrum373推迟[时间]谱retardation [time] spectrum374弛豫时间relaxation time375推迟时间retardation time376动态力学行为dynamic mechanical behavior377动态黏弹性dynamic viscoelasticity378热-机械曲线thermo-mechanical curve379动态转变dynamic transition380储能模量storage modulus381损耗模量loss modulus382复数模量complex modulus383复数柔量complex compliance384动态黏度dynamic viscosity385复数黏度complex viscosity386复数介电常数complex dielectric permittivity387介电损耗因子dielectric dissipation factor388介电损耗常数dielectric loss constant389介电弛豫时间dielectric relaxation time390玻璃化转变glass transition391玻璃化转变温度glass-transition temperature05.4 高分子加工技术和应用。
高分子化学专业词汇
高分子化学专业词汇A系列烧蚀聚合物 ablative polymer缩醛树脂 acetal resin乙炔类聚合物 acetylenic polymer丙烯醛类聚合物 acrolein polymer酸酯橡胶 acrylate rubber丙烯酸[酯]类聚合物 acrylic polymer丙烯酸[酯]类树脂 acrylic resin丙烯腈-苯乙烯树脂 acrylonitrile styrene resin (AS) 活性碳纤维 active carbon fiber加[成]聚[合]物 addition polymer琼脂 agar-agar?白蛋白 albumin醛类聚合物 aldehyde polymer脂肪族环氧树脂 aliphatic epoxy resin脂肪族聚酯 aliphatic polyester醇酸树脂 alkyd resin丙二烯聚合物 allene polymer烯丙基树脂 allyl resin交替共聚物 alternating copolymer胺纤维素 amine cellulose氨基树脂 amino resin三聚氰胺树脂 Aminotriazine resin两亲嵌段共聚物 amphiphilic block copolymer两亲聚合物 amphiphilic polymer支链淀粉 amylopectin直链淀粉 amylose淀粉 amylum，starch厌氧黏合剂 anaerobic adhesive负离子交换树脂 anion exchange resin芳香族聚酯 aromatic polyester聚芳砜酰胺 aromatic polysulfonamide初生纤维 as-formed fiber缔合聚合物 association polymer无规立构聚合物 atactic polymer恒[组]分共聚物 azeotropic copolymer偶氮类聚合物 azo polymer"丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯树脂简称“ABS树脂”"B系列阻透聚合物 barrier polymer二元共聚物 binary copolymer生物活性高分子 bioactive polymer生物降解高分子 biodegradable polymer生物弹性体 bioelastomer生物可蚀性高分子 bioerodable polymer生物医用高分子 biomedical polymer仿生高分子 biomimetic polymer生物高分子 biopolymer双酚A环氧树脂 bisphenol A epoxy resin双酚A聚碳酸酯 bisphenol A polycarbonate聚醚酯 block poly(ester ether)碳化硼纤维 boron carbide fiber支化聚合物 branched polymer刷状聚合物 brush polymer丁腈橡胶 butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber, nitrile rubber丁基橡胶 butyl rubber缩丁醛树脂 butyral resinC系列碳环梯形聚合物 carbocyclic ladder polymer碳链聚合物 carbon chain polymer碳纤维 carbon fiber碳纳米管 carbon nano-tube羧基丁腈橡胶 carboxy terminated nitrile rubber 羧甲基纤维素 carboxymethyl cellulose正离子交换树脂 cation exchange resin花菜状聚合物 cauliflower polymer纤维素 celluloseα纤维素α celluloseβ纤维素β celluloseγ纤维素γ cellulose链型聚合物 chain polymer螯合聚合物 chelate polymer螯合[型]离子交换剂 chelating ion-exchanger螯合[型]树脂 chelating resin化学纤维 chemical fiber手性高分子 chiral polymer甲壳质 chitin氯化聚乙烯 chlorinated polyethylene (CPE)氯丁橡胶 chloroprene rubber氯磺化聚乙烯 chlorosulfonated polyethylene顺［式］-1,4-聚丁二烯 cis-1,4-polybutadiene顺丁橡胶 cis-1,4-polybutadiene rubber顺［式］-1,4-聚异戊二烯 cis-1,4-polyisoprene顺式有规聚合物 cistactic polymer涂料 coating线团状聚合物 coiling type polymer骨胶原 collagen梳形聚合物 comb polymer通用高分子 commodity polymer复合材料 composite导电聚合物 conducting polymer组合纤维 conjugate fiber共轭聚合物 conjugated polymer配位聚合物 coordination polymer共聚酯 copolyester共聚醚 copolyether?共聚物 copolymer共聚甲醛 copolyoxymethylene核-壳共聚物 core shell copolymer核-壳胶乳聚合物 core shell latex polymer苯并呋喃-茚树脂 coumarone-indene resinD系列降解性高分子 degradable polymer树状高分子 dendrimer, dendritic polymer, tree polymer 脱氧核糖核酸 deoxyribonucleic acid（DNA）糊精 dextrin二乙炔聚合物 diacetylene polymer二烯丙基聚合物 diallyl polymer二嵌段共聚物 diblock copolymer双烯聚合物 diene polymer二聚体 dimer二甲基硅橡胶 dimethyl silicone rubber双股聚合物 double-strand polymer高熔聚合物 dystectic polymerE系列电活性聚合物 electroactive polymer电致变色聚合物 electrochromic polymer电致发光聚合物 electroluminescent polymer元素高分子 element polymer乳聚丁苯橡胶 emulsion polymerized butadiene styrene rubber(ESBR)工程塑料 engineering plastic类酶高分子 enzyme like polymer氯醚橡胶 epichloro-hydrin rubber环氧树脂 epoxy resin全同间同等量聚合物 equitactic polymer赤型双全同立构聚合物 erythro-diisotactic polymer赤型双间同立构聚合物 erythro-disyndiotactic polymer二元乙丙橡胶,又称“乙丙二元橡胶”。
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23coiling type polymer 47825 后聚合post polymerization26 再聚合repolymerization27 铸塑聚合, 浇铸聚合cast polymerization28 链［式］聚合chain polymerization29 烯类聚合，乙烯基聚合vinyl polymerization30 双烯［类］聚合diene polymerization31 加［成］聚［合］addition polymerization32 自由基聚合，曾用名游离基聚合free radical polymerization, radical polymerization33 控制自由基聚合，可控自由基聚合controlled radical polymerization，CRP34 活性自由基聚合living radical polymerization35 原子转移自由基聚合atom transfer radical polymerization，ATRP36 反向原子转移自由基聚合reverse atom transfer radical polymerization37 可逆加成断裂链转移reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer38 氮氧[自由基]调控聚合nitroxide mediated polymerization39 稳定自由基聚合stable free radical polymerization，FRP40 自由基异构化聚合free radical isomerization polymerization41 自由基开环聚合radical ring opening polymerization42 氧化还原聚合redox polymerization43 无活性端聚合，曾用名死端聚合dead end polymerization44 光［致］聚合photo polymerization45 光引发聚合light initiated polymerization46 光敏聚合photosensitized polymerization47 四中心聚合four center polymerization48 电荷转移聚合charge transfer polymerization49 辐射引发聚合radiation initiated polymerization50 热聚合thermal polymerization51 电解聚合electrolytic polymerization52 等离子体聚合plasma polymerization53 易位聚合metathesis polymerization54 开环易位聚合ring opening metathesis polymerization，ROMP55 精密聚合precision polymerization56 环化聚合cyclopolymerization57 拓扑化学聚合topochemical polymerization58 平衡聚合equilibrium polymerization59 离子［型］聚合ionic polymerization60 辐射离子聚合radiation ion polymerization61 离子对聚合ion pair polymerization62正离子聚合，阳离子聚合cationic polymerization63 碳正离子聚合carbenium ion polymerization,carbocationicpolymerization64 假正离子聚合pseudo cationic polymerization65 假正离子活［性］聚合pseudo cationic living polymerization66 活性正离子聚合living cationic polymerization67 负离子聚合，阴离子聚合anionic polymerization68 碳负离子聚合carbanionic polymerization69 活性负离子聚合living anionic polymerization70 负离子环化聚合anionic cyclopolymerization71 负离子电化学聚合anionic electrochemical polymerization72 负离子异构化聚合anionic isomerization polymerization73 烯丙基聚合allylic polymerization74 活［性］聚合living polymerization75 两性离子聚合zwitterion polymerization76 齐格勒-纳塔聚合Ziegler Natta polymerization77 配位聚合coordination polymerization78 配位离子聚合coordinated ionic polymerization79 配位负离子聚合coordinated anionic polymerization80 配位正离子聚合coordinated cationic polymerization81 插入聚合insertion polymerization82 定向聚合，立构规整聚合stereoregular polymerization, stereospecificpolymerization83 有规立构聚合tactic polymerization84 全同立构聚合isospecific polymerization85 不对称诱导聚合asymmetric induction polymerization86 不对称选择性聚合asymmetric selective polymerization87 不对称立体选择性聚合asymmetric stereoselective polymerization88 对映［体］不对称聚合enantioasymmetric polymerization89 对映［体］对称聚合enantiosymmetric polymerization90 异构化聚合isomerization polymerization91 氢转移聚合hydrogen transfer polymerization92 基团转移聚合group transfer polymerization，GTP93 消除聚合elimination polymerization94 模板聚合Matrix polymerization,template polymerization95 插层聚合intercalation polymerization96 无催化聚合uncatalyzed polymerization97 开环聚合ring opening polymerization98 活性开环聚合living ring opening polymerization99 不死的聚合immortal polymerization100 酶聚合作用enzymatic polymerization101 聚加成反应，曾用名逐步加成聚合polyaddition102 偶联聚合coupling polymerization103 序列聚合sequential polymerization104 闪发聚合，俗称暴聚flash polymerization105 氧化聚合oxidative polymerization106 氧化偶联聚合oxidative coupling polymerization107 逐步［增长］聚合step growth polymerization108 缩聚反应condensation polymerization，polycondensation109 酯交换型聚合transesterification type polymerization, ester exchangepolycondensation110 自催化缩聚autocatalytic polycondensation111 均相聚合homogeneous polymerization112 非均相聚合heterogeneous polymerization113 相转化聚合phase inversion polymerization114 本体聚合bulk polymerization, mass polymerization115 固相聚合solid phase polymerization116 气相聚合gaseous polymerization, gas phase polymerization 117 吸附聚合adsorption polymerization118 溶液聚合solution polymerization119 沉淀聚合precipitation polymerization120 淤浆聚合slurry polymerization121 悬浮聚合suspension polymerization122 反相悬浮聚合reversed phase suspension polymerization123 珠状聚合bead polymerization, pearl polymerization124 分散聚合dispersion polymerization125 反相分散聚合inverse dispersion polymerization126 种子聚合seeding polymerization127 乳液聚合emulsion polymerization128 无乳化剂乳液聚合emulsifier free emulsion polymerization129 反相乳液聚合inverse emulsion polymerization130 微乳液聚合micro emulsion polymerization131 连续聚合continuous polymerization132 半连续聚合semicontinuous polymerization133 分批聚合，间歇聚合batch polymerization134 原位聚合in situ polymerization135 均相缩聚homopolycondensation136 活化缩聚activated polycondensation137 熔融缩聚melt phase polycondensation138 固相缩聚solid phase polycondensation139 体型缩聚three dimensional polycondensation140 界面聚合interfacial polymerization141 界面缩聚interfacial polycondensation142 环加成聚合cycloaddition polymerization143 环烯聚合cycloalkene polymerization144 环硅氧烷聚合cyclosiloxane polymerization145 引发剂initiator146 引发剂活性activity of initiator147 聚合催化剂polymerization catalyst148 自由基引发剂radical initiator149 偶氮［类］引发剂azo type initiator150 2,2′偶氮二异丁腈2,2'- azobisisobutyronitrile, AIBN151 过氧化苯甲酰benzoyl peroxide, BPO152 过硫酸盐引发剂persulphate initiator153 复合引发体系complex initiation system154 氧化还原引发剂redox initiator155 电荷转移复合物，电荷转移络合物charge transfer complex, CTC156 聚合加速剂，聚合促进剂polymerization accelerator157 光敏引发剂photoinitiator158 双官能引发剂bifunctional initiator，difunctional initiator 159 三官能引发剂trifunctional initiator160 大分子引发剂macroinitiator161 引发-转移剂initiator transfer agent, inifer162 引发-转移-终止剂initiator transfer agent terminator, iniferter 163 光引发转移终止剂photoiniferter164 热引发转移终止剂thermoiniferter165 正离子催化剂cationic catalyst166 正离子引发剂cationic initiator167 负离子引发剂ionioic initiator168 共引发剂coinitiator169 烷基锂引发剂alkyllithium initiator170 负离子自由基引发剂anion radical initiator171 烯醇钠引发剂alfin initiator172 齐格勒-纳塔催化剂Ziegler Natta catalyst173 过渡金属催化剂transition metal catalyst174 双组分催化剂bicomponent catalyst175 后过渡金属催化剂late transition metal catalyst176 金属络合物催化剂metal complex catalyst177 ［二］茂金属催化剂metallocene catalyst178 甲基铝氧烷methylaluminoxane, MAO179 μ氧桥双金属烷氧化物催化剂bimetallic μ-oxo alkoxides catalyst180 双金属催化剂bimetallic catalyst181 桥基茂金属bridged metallocene182 限定几何构型茂金属催化剂constrained geometry metallocene catalyst 183 均相茂金属催化剂homogeneous metallocene catalyst184 链引发chain initiation185 热引发thermal initiation186 染料敏化光引发dye sensitized phtoinitiation187 电荷转移引发charge transfer initiation188 诱导期induction period189 引发剂效率initiator efficiency190 诱导分解induced decomposition191 再引发reinitiation192 链增长chain growth, chain propagation193 增长链端propagating chain end194 活性种reactive species195 活性中心active center196 持续自由基persistent radical197 聚合最高温度ceilling temperature of polymerization 198 链终止chain termination199 双分子终止bimolecular termination200 初级自由基终止primary radical termination201 扩散控制终止diffusion controlled termination202 歧化终止disproportionation termination203 偶合终止coupling termination204 单分子终止unimolecular termination205 自发终止spontaneous termination206 终止剂terminator207 链终止剂chain terminating agent208 假终止pseudotermination209 自发终止self termination210 自由基捕获剂radical scavenger211 旋转光闸法rotating sector method212 自由基寿命free radical lifetime213 凝胶效应gel effect214 自动加速效应autoacceleration effect215 链转移chain transfer216 链转移剂chain transfer agent217 尾咬转移backbitting transfer218 退化链转移degradation (degradative) chain transfer 219 加成断裂链转移［反应］addition fragmentation chain transfer 220 链转移常数chain transfer constant221 ①缓聚作用②延迟作用retardation222 阻聚作用inhibition223 缓聚剂retarder224 缓聚剂，阻滞剂retarding agent225 阻聚剂inhibitor226 封端［反应］end capping227 端基terminal group228 聚合动力学polymerization kinetics229 聚合热力学polymerization thermodynamics230 聚合热heat of polymerization231 共聚合［反应］copolymerization232 二元共聚合binary copolymerization233 三元共聚合ternary copolymerization234 竞聚率reactivity ratio235 自由基共聚合radical copolymerization236 离子共聚合ionic copolymerization237 无规共聚合random copolymerization238 理想共聚合ideal copolymerization239 交替共聚合alternating copolymerization240 恒［组］分共聚合azeotropic copolymerization241 接枝共聚合graft copolymerization242 嵌段共聚合block copolymerization243 开环共聚合ring opening copolymerization244 共聚合方程copolymerization equation245 共缩聚copolycondensation246 逐步共聚合step copolymerization247 同种增长homopropagation248 自增长self propagation249 交叉增长cross propagation250 前末端基效应penultimate effect251 交叉终止cross termination252 Q值Q value253 e值e value254 Q,e概念Q, e scheme255 序列长度分布sequence length distribution 256 侧基反应reaction of pendant group257 扩链剂，链增长剂chain extender258 交联crosslinking259 化学交联chemical crosslinking260 自交联self crosslinking261 光交联photocrosslinking262 交联度degree of crosslinking263 硫化vulcanization264 固化curing265 硫［黄］硫化sulfur vulcanization266 促进硫化accelerated sulfur vulcanization 267 过氧化物交联peroxide crosslinking268 无规交联random crosslinking269 交联密度crosslinking density270 交联指数crosslinking index271 解聚depolymerization272 ①降解②退化degradation05.3 高分子物理化学与高分子物理3构型单元configurational unit 4立构重复单元stereorepeating unit 5立构规整度tacticity6等规度, 全同立构[规整]度isotacticity7间同度，间同立构[规整]度syndiotacticity8无规度，无规立构度atacticity9嵌段block10规整嵌段regular block11非规整嵌段irregular block12立构嵌段stereoblock13有规立构嵌段isotactic block14无规立构嵌段atactic block15单体单元monomeric unit16二单元组diad17三单元组triad18四单元组tetrad19五单元组pentad20无规线团random coil21自由连接链freely-jointed chain 22自由旋转链freely-rotating chain 23蠕虫状链worm-like chain24柔性链flexible chain25链柔性chain flexibility26刚性链rigid chain27棒状链rodlike chain28链刚性chain rigidity29聚集aggregation30聚集体aggregate31凝聚、聚集coalescence32链缠结chain entanglement33凝聚缠结cohesional entanglement34物理缠结physical entanglement35拓扑缠结topological entanglement36凝聚相condensed phase37凝聚态condensed state38凝聚过程condensing process39临界聚集浓度critical aggregation concentration40线团-球粒转换coil-globule transition41受限链confined chain42受限态confined state43物理交联physical crosslinking44统计线团statistical coil45等效链equivalent chain46统计链段statistical segment47链段chain segment48链构象chain conformation49无规线团模型random coil model50无规行走模型random walk model51自避随机行走模型self avoiding walk model52卷曲构象coiled conformation53高斯链Gaussian chain54无扰尺寸unperturbed dimension55扰动尺寸perturbed dimension56热力学等效球thermodynamically equivalent sphere 57近程分子内相互作用short-range intramolecular interaction 58远程分子内相互作用long-range intramolecular interaction 59链间相互作用interchain interaction60链间距interchain spacing61长程有序long range order62近程有序short range order63回转半径radius of gyration64末端间矢量end-to-end vector65链末端chain end66末端距end-to-end distance67无扰末端距unperturbed end-to-end distance68均方根末端距root-mean-square end-to-end distance 69伸直长度contour length70相关长度persistence length71主链；链骨架chain backbone72支链branch chain73链支化chain branching74短支链short-chain branch75长支链long-chain branch76支化系数branching index77支化密度branching density78支化度degree of branching79交联度degree of crosslinking80网络network81网络密度network density82溶胀swelling83平衡溶胀equilibrium swelling84分子组装，分子组合molecular assembly85自组装self assembly86微凝胶microgel87凝胶点gel point88可逆[性]凝胶reversible gel89溶胶-凝胶转化sol-gel transformation90临界胶束浓度critical micelle concentration，CMC91组成非均一性constitutional heterogenity, compositional heterogenity 92摩尔质量平均，又称“分子量平均”molar mass average93数均分子量number-average molecular weight, number-averagemolar mass94重均分子量weight-average molecular weight95Z均分子量Z(Zaverage)-average molecular weight, Z-molar mass96黏均分子量viscosity-average molecular weight，viscosity-averagemolar mass97表观摩尔质量apparent molar mass98表观分子量apparent molecular weight99聚合度degree of polymerization100动力学链长kinetic chain length101单分散性monodispersity102临界分子量critical molecular weight103分子量分布molecular weight distribution，MWD104多分散性指数polydispersity index，PID105平均聚合度average degree of polymerization106质量分布函数mass distribution function107数量分布函数number distribution function108重量分布函数weight distribution function109舒尔茨-齐姆分布Schulz-Zimm distribution110最概然分布，曾用名最可几分布most probable distribution111对数正态分布，又称“对数正则分布”logarithmic normal distribution112聚合物溶液polymer solution113聚合物-溶剂相互作用polymer-solvent interaction114溶剂热力学性质thermodynamic quality of solvent115均方末端距mean square end to end distance116均方旋转半径mean square radius of gyration117θ温度theta temperature118θ态theta state119θ溶剂theta solvent120良溶剂good solvent121不良溶剂poor solvent122位力系数，曾用名“维里系数”Virial coefficient123排除体积excluded volume124溶胀因子expansion factor125溶胀度degree of swelling126弗洛里-哈金斯理论Flory-Huggins theory127哈金斯公式Huggins equation128哈金斯系数Huggins coefficient129χ(相互作用)参数χ-parameter130溶度参数solubility parameter131摩擦系数frictional coefficient132流体力学等效球hydrodynamically equivalent sphere133流体力学体积hydrodynamic volume134珠-棒模型bead-rod model135球-簧链模型ball-spring [chain] model136流动双折射flow birefringence, streaming birefringence 137动态光散射dynamic light scattering138小角激光光散射low angle laser light scattering139沉降平衡sedimentation equilibrium140沉降系数sedimentation coefficient141沉降速度法sedimentation velocity method142沉降平衡法sedimentation equilibrium method143相对黏度relative viscosity144相对黏度增量relative viscosity increment145黏度比viscosity ratio146黏数viscosity number147[乌氏]稀释黏度计[Ubbelohde] dilution viscometer148毛细管黏度计capillary viscometer149落球黏度计ball viscometer150落球黏度ball viscosity151本体黏度bulk viscosity152比浓黏度reduced viscosity153比浓对数黏度inherent viscosity, logarithmic viscosity number 154特性黏数intrinsic viscosity, limiting viscosity number 155黏度函数viscosity function156零切变速率黏度zero shear viscosity157端基分析analysis of end group158蒸气压渗透法vapor pressure osmometry, VPO159辐射的相干弹性散射coherent elastic scattering of radiation160折光指数增量refractive index increment161瑞利比Rayleigh ratio162超瑞利比excess Rayleigh ratio163粒子散射函数particle scattering function164粒子散射因子particle scattering factor165齐姆图Zimm plot166散射的非对称性dissymmetry of scattering167解偏振作用depolarization168分级fractionation169沉淀分级precipitation fractionation170萃取分级extraction fractionation171色谱分级chromatographic fractionation172柱分级column fractionation173洗脱分级，淋洗分级elution fractionation174热分级thermal fractionation175凝胶色谱法gel chromatography176摩尔质量排除极限molar mass exclusion limit177溶剂梯度洗脱色谱法solvent gradient [elution] chromatography 178分子量排除极限molecular weight exclusion limit179洗脱体积elution volume180普适标定universal calibration181加宽函数spreading function182链轴chain axis183等同周期identity period184链重复距离chain repeating distance185晶体折叠周期crystalline fold period186构象重复单元conformational repeating unit187几何等效geometrical equivalence188螺旋链helix chain189构型无序configurational disorder190链取向无序chain orientational disorder191构象无序conformational disorder192锯齿链zigzag chain193双[股]螺旋double stranded helix194[分子]链大尺度取向global chain orientation195结晶聚合物crystalline polymer196半结晶聚合物semi-crystalline polymer197高分子晶体polymer crystal198高分子微晶polymer crystallite199结晶度degree of crystallinity, crystallinity200高分子[异质]同晶现象macromolecular isomorphism201聚合物形态学morphology of polymer202片晶lamella, lamellar crystal203轴晶axialite204树枝[状]晶体dendrite205纤维晶fibrous crystal206串晶结构shish-kebab structure 207球晶spherulite208折叠链folded chain209链折叠chain folding210折叠表面fold surface211折叠面fold plane212折叠微区fold domain213相邻再入模型adjacent re-entry model 214接线板模型switchboard model215缨状微束模型fringed-micelle model 216折叠链晶体folded-chain crystal 217平行链晶体parallel-chain crystal 218伸展链晶体extended-chain crystal 219球状链晶体globular-chain crystal 220长周期long period221近程结构short-range structure 222远程结构long-range structure 223成核作用nucleation224分子成核作用molecular nucleation 225阿夫拉米方程Avrami equation226主结晶primary crystallization 227后期结晶secondary crystallization 228外延结晶，附生结晶epitaxial crystallization 229外延晶体生长，附生晶体生长epitaxial growth230织构texture231液晶态liquid crystal state232溶致性液晶lyotopic liquid crystal233热致性液晶thermotropic liquid crystal234热致性介晶thermotropic mesomorphism235近晶相液晶smectic liquid crystal236近晶中介相smectic mesophase237近晶相smectic phase238条带织构banded texture239环带球晶ringed spherulite240向列相nematic phase241盘状相discotic phase242解取向disorientation243分聚segregation244非晶相，曾用名“无定形相”amorphous phase245非晶区amorphous region246非晶态amorphous state247非晶取向amorphous orientation248链段运动segmental motion249亚稳态metastable state250相分离phase separation251亚稳相分离spinodal decomposition252双峰分解bimodal decomposition253微相microphase254界面相boundary phase255相容性compatibility256混容性miscibility257不相容性incompatibility258不混容性immiscibility259增容作用compatiibilization260最低临界共溶(溶解)温度lower critical solution temperature, LCST 261最高临界共溶(溶解)温度upper critical solution temperature , UCST262浓度猝灭concentration quenching263激基缔合物荧光excimer fluorescence264激基复合物荧光exciplex fluorescence265激光共聚焦荧光显微镜laser confocal fluorescence microscopy 266单轴取向uniaxial orientation267双轴取向biaxial orientation, biorientation268取向度degree of orientation269橡胶态rubber state270玻璃态glassy state271高弹态elastomeric state272黏流态viscous flow state273伸长elongation274高弹形变high elastic deformation275回缩性，弹性复原nerviness276拉伸比draw ratio, extension ratio277泊松比Poisson's ratio278杨氏模量Young's modulus279本体模量bulk modulus280剪切模量shear modulus281法向应力normal stress282剪切应力shear stress283剪切应变shear strain284屈服yielding285颈缩现象，细颈现象necking286屈服应力yield stress287屈服应变yield strain288脆性断裂brittle fracture289脆性开裂brittle cracking290脆-韧转变brittle ductile transition291脆化温度brittleness(brittle) temperature292延性破裂ductile fracture293冲击强度impact strength294拉伸强度，又称断裂强度tensile strength (breaking strength) 295极限拉伸强度ultimate tensile strength296抗撕强度，又称抗扯强度tearing strength297弯曲强度flexural strength, bending strength 298弯曲模量bending modulus299弯曲应变bending strain300弯曲应力bending stress301收缩开裂shrinkage crack302剪切强度shear strength303剥离强度peeling strength304疲劳强度fatigue strength, fatigue resistance 305挠曲deflection306压缩强度compressive strength307压缩永久变形compression set308压缩变形compressive deformation309压痕硬度indentation hardness310洛氏硬度Rockwell hardness311布氏硬度Brinell hardness312抗刮性scrath resistance313断裂力学fracture mechanics314力学破坏mechanical failure315应力强度因子stress intensity factor316断裂伸长elongation at break317屈服强度yield strength318断裂韧性fracture toughness319弹性形变elastic deformation320弹性滞后elastic hysteresis321弹性elasticity322弹性模量modulus of elasticity323弹性回复elastic recovery324不可回复形变irrecoverable deformation 325裂缝，俗称“龟裂”crack326银纹craze327形变；变形deformation328永久变形deformation set329剩余变形residual deformation330剩余伸长residual stretch331回弹，回弹性resilience332延迟形变retarded deformation333延迟弹性retarded elasticity334可逆形变reversible deformation335应力开裂stress cracking336应力-应变曲线stress strain curve337拉伸应变stretching strain338拉伸应力弛豫tensile stress relaxation339热历史thermal history340热收缩thermoshrinking341扭辫分析torsional braid analysis，TBA 342应力致白stress whitening343应变能strain energy344应变张量strain tensor345剩余应力residual stress346应变硬化strain hardening347应变软化strain softening348电流变液electrorheological fluid349假塑性pseudoplastic350拉胀性auxiticity351牛顿流体Newtonian fluid352非牛顿流体non-Newtonian fluid353宾汉姆流体Bingham fluid354冷流cold flow355牛顿剪切黏度Newtonian shear viscosity 356剪切黏度shear viscosity357表观剪切黏度apparent shear viscosity358剪切变稀shear thinning359触变性thixotropy360塑性形变plastic deformation361塑性流动plastic flow362体积弛豫volume relaxation363拉伸黏度extensional viscosity364黏弹性viscoelasticity365线性黏弹性linear viscoelasticity366非线性黏弹性non-linear viscoelasticity 367蠕变creep368弛豫[作用]，又称“松弛”relaxation369弛豫模量relaxation modulus370蠕变柔量creep compliance371热畸变温度heat distortion temperature 372弛豫谱relaxation spectrum373推迟[时间]谱retardation [time] spectrum 374弛豫时间relaxation time375推迟时间retardation time376动态力学行为dynamic mechanical behavior 377动态黏弹性dynamic viscoelasticity378热-机械曲线thermo-mechanical curve379动态转变dynamic transition380储能模量storage modulus381损耗模量loss modulus382复数模量complex modulus383复数柔量complex compliance384动态黏度dynamic viscosity385复数黏度complex viscosity386复数介电常数complex dielectric permittivity387介电损耗因子dielectric dissipation factor388介电损耗常数dielectric loss constant389介电弛豫时间dielectric relaxation time390玻璃化转变glass transition391玻璃化转变温度glass-transition temperature392次级弛豫secondary relaxation393次级转变secondary transition394次级弛豫温度secondary relaxation temperature395开尔文模型Kelvin model396麦克斯韦模型Maxwell model397时-温叠加原理time-temperature superposition principle 398玻耳兹曼叠加原理Boltzmann superposition principle399平移因子shift factor400WLF公式WLF[Williams-Lendel-Ferry] equation 401软化温度softening temperature402平衡熔点equilibrium melting point403物理老化physical ageing404光老化photoageing405热老化thermal ageing406热氧老化thermo-oxidative ageing05.4 高分子加工技术和应用。