物资分配的最优方案--

摘要

救灾物资的分配原则会因不同灾区受灾的实际情况及政府决策者倚重的救灾满意度而不同。本论文确立了两种分配原则，建立两个模型从不同角度解决物资的分配问题。

遵从通过合理优化救灾物资的分配使其能最大限度降低灾害的影响，能更好实现整体分配物资的公平性的原则，模型一首先划定各物资的优先级，给定适当的权重；接着确定了不同灾民受灾程度的判定标准。在此基础上用救灾效果表示整个救灾过程使灾情降低的程度，并假设每分配出一个最小单位的救灾物资就相应产生一定量的救灾效果，最终整体救灾效果为它们之和。模型的约束条件由各种物资的数量有限得到。求解最终救灾效果在约束条件下的最大值，其对应的最优解为最佳分配方案。

遵从使每位灾民得到所缺每种物资的相对不满意度最小的原则，能更好实现灾民对物资分配公平合理的满意度。模型二根据救灾物资是否单位可分，将物资的分配按照物资单位可分与单位不可分两方面处理，每方面又按照充足与不充足两类情况对待。物资充足的情况按照每名受灾者需求每种物资的数量进行分配；物资不充足的情况，利用相对不满意程度，推导出具有物资公平分配的规律—Q值法，根据每名受灾者对每种物资的Q值的大小，将物资公平合理的分配下去。

关键词：物资权重,受灾程度，相对不满意度，Q值法

Abstract

Disaster relief materials distribution principle of different areas affected will rely on actual situation and the government policymakers relief satisfaction and different. This paper establishes two allocation principle, establish two model of solving materials from different angles allocation problem.

Follow through optimizing the allocation of reasonable relief goods can minimize its impact, can better disasters in realizing whole distribution of the principle of fairness in the materials, model of various materials delimit a first priority, given the appropriate weight; Then determine the different victims flood degree judgement standards. On this basis with relief effect said the relief process makes disaster reduction of the degree, and assuming each distributed out a minimum unit is corresponding relief goods produced a certain amount of relief effect, and eventually the whole sum for their relief effect. Model by various supplies the constraint conditions of the quantity is limited to get. Solving eventually relief effect in the constraint condition of its corresponding maximum, the optimal solution is the best scheme.

Follow each victims got lacking each resource relative not satisfaction the principle of minimum, the better to distribute supplies realize victims fair satisfaction. Model according to the relief supplies unit can points, whether the distribution according to the material move supplies unit can points and unit indivisible two aspects, each side and handle in accordance with the abundance and not enough two kinds of circumstance seriously. Materials according to the view of every hundred victims of each resource demand quantity distribution; Material is not enough, using relatively dissatisfaction with supplies, is deduced fair distribution rule - Q value method, according to every name victims of Q value of each the size of materials, materials fair and reasonable allocation down.

Key words: Material weight, flood degree, less satisfaction, Q value method