英国文学复习参考

1 The Anglo-Saxon Period (450-1066)

一、不列颠岛上的Settler换了一波又一波

Celts（600B.C.）→Romans（55B.C.）→Anglo-Saxons（450A.D.）→Normans（1066A.D.）

二、两个流派

体裁：Epic

来源：based on partly historical and partly legendary materials, brought over by the Anglo-Saxons from their original homes.

特点：1. Alliteration 头韵 2. Kenning比喻的复合辞3.Repetition

2 The Norman Period (1066-1350)

一、1066年The Norman Conquest 诺曼征服

Significance: 1. Feudal system was established in England.

2. English social life greatly changed.

3. Connection of English & French.

4. Dividing line of Old English and Middle English

二、Romance

1. Popular form of literature of the upper class in feudal England in the Medieval Ages;

2. Knights are major characters;

3. Emphasis of chivalry spirit and loyalty to King;

4. Composed by the noble, for the noble and of the noble;

课本P12 In subject matters, romance naturally falls under three categories:1.2.3.

3 The Age of Chaucer (1350-1400)

一、Who is Chaucer?

英国摆脱中古时期浪漫主义的第一位现实主义诗人

二、两个事件

1. The Hundred Years War 百年战争（英VS法）

2. The Peasant Uprising of 1381 （打仗没钱了管peasant要，于是peasant揭竿而起）

三、John Wycliff

1. He was the major person who translated Bible into Middle English, which is important to English Literature and English Language

2. He fixed a national standard for English prose to replace various dialects. His works earned him the title of Father of English prose. 普通话第一人

四、Geoffery Chaucer 乔叟

1. The works of Chaucer are roughly divided into 3 periods 课本P18

2. The significance of The Canterbury Tales is as follows 课本P19

4 The Fifteenth Century (1400-1550)

一、两个战争和两个事件

1. The Hundred Years’ War 百年战争1337 - 1453

2. The War of the Roses 玫瑰战争1455-1485

3. The discovery of America and the new sea routes

4. Reformation of the Church

二、Popular ballads民谣是这一时期主要体裁

1. five basic characteristics 课本P36

2. 重要作品Robin Hood Ballads 侠盗罗宾汉

5 The English Renaissance (1550-1642)

一、英国文艺复兴时期在位的女王是Queen Elizabeth (1558-1603) 伊丽莎白一世

二、思想：Humanism （Man is the measure of all things）

1. It was against human nature to sacrifice the happiness of this life for an after life; the pursuit of this life.

2. Man should be given full freedom to enrich their intellectual and emotional life.

三、Edmund Spenser是英国文艺复兴时期的伟大诗人

四、英国文艺复兴时期的主流文学形式是Drama

6 The Seventeenth Century (1603-1688)

一、Key words of period of Revolution and Restoration

Bourgeois 资产阶级Anglican Church 英国国教Puritans 清教徒Charles I 查理一世

1641年Grand Remonstrance 大抗议书Commonwealth 英联邦

Cromwell in 1653 the Lord Protector 护国公克伦威尔The Bill of Rights 权利法案

二、King James Version of the Bible（钦定版圣经），是《圣经》的诸多英文版本之一，于1611年出版。

此前翻译过Bible的人有

1. Caedmon, Bede, King Alfred 见Chapter2

2. Wycliff 见Chapter3

三、Francis Bacon (1561-1626 )与莎士比亚同时期的散文家、哲学家。

He is generally regarded as the chief figure in English prose in the first half of the 17th century and his essays began the long tradition of the English essay in the history of English literature.

四、两个主要诗歌派别

五、清教徒文学

Paradise Lost：

1. Satan, defeated, voices his hatred for God who is a tyrannical in th e eyes of the rebellious angel. The rebellious speech by Satan was an outpouring of the poet’s hatred for thr restored