热能与动力工程 专业英语

The objectiVe of the thermal and hydraulic.
客观的热、液压。

eValuation function is to determine the total rate of heat transter, outlet temperatures, and pressure drop that can be produced by an existing system under given operating conditions(i.e.
评价函数是确定中专生热将受限汉语书写,出口温度、和压降,可以由现有的制度在一定操作条件(如下。

, fluids , mass flow rates, and inlet temperatures).
,液体,质量流率和进口温度)。

The evaluation or rating of heat exchanger performance provides the basis of (1) prescribing changes in the operation, and (2) determining when an existing unit must be cleaned, overhauled, modified, or replaced.
或等级评价换热器性能提供依据(1)的处方改变操作,以及(2)确定当一个现有的单元必须清洗,检查、修改、或更换。

In its broadest sense, heat exchanger design encompasses(1) component selection , (2)thermal and hydraulic design, (3) mechanical and metallurgical design, (4)architectural design ,and (5) operation and maintenance considerations, all of which should be performed each of these individual design facets.
最广义地说,换热器设计包含(1)组件的选择,(2)热、水力设计、(3)机械和冶金设计、(4)建筑设计、(5)操作和维护问题,所有这些都应履行每一种个性设计方面。

The objective of the thermal and hydraulic design function is to determine the surface area requied to ransfer a specified rate of heat with acceptable pressure drop for given fluids, mass flow rate, and terminal (i.e., inlet and exit ) temperatures.
热的目的是决定水力设计功能的表面积requied ransfer指定的速率对热以可接受的压降对给定的流体,质量流量、终端(例如,进口和出口温度。


The economizer (EC) is the heat exchanger that raises the temperature of the water leaving the highest-pressure feed-water heater to the saturation temperature corresponding to the boiler pressure' This is done by gases leaving the last super-heater or re-heater.
省煤器(EC)是换热器,提高了水温离开highest-pressure给水加热器饱和温度对应于锅炉压力”这是由气体或re-heater super-heater离开过去。

These gases, at high enough temperature to transfer heat to the super heater or re-heater, enter the economizer at 370°C to 450V.
这些气体,在足够高的温度传热超大加热器或者re-heater,进入370°C省450 V。

Part of their energy is used to heat the feed-water.
部分的能量被用来加热给水。

The term "economizer" historically was used because the discharge of such high-temperature gases would have caused a large loss a large in availability and efficiency ad hence loss on economy of operation ..
术语“省煤器"历史上被使用,因为这样的高温气体的排放会造成很大损失大的有效性和效率损失广告因此节约运行. .

Economizers were introduced befo

re feed water heating, which meant very low inlet 1 water temperatures to the economizers and consequently low tube outer wall temperatures, below the dew point of the flue gases.
介绍了Economizers给水加热之前,这意味着很低的进口1水温Economizers,因而管外壁温度低,低于露点烟气的。

This caused condensation and corrosion because of the presence of SO2 and SO3 in the gases.
这导致了冷凝和腐蚀,因为存在的SO2、SO3在气体。

The moisture also aided in the collection of ash , thus fouling the tube outer surfaces that reduced heat transfer.
水分也帮助收集灰,从而污染降低管的外表面热传递。

Economizers were made of cast iron and had mechanical scrapers for cleaning.
Economizers是由铸铁和机械刮了清洗。

Early in its use, Steel suffered from corrosive attack of the insides of the tubes by oxygen freed from the feed-water as its temperature rose in the economizer.
在它的早期使用、钢遭受侵蚀的管内部氧脱离了随着温度上升给水器。

Modern steam generators receive heated feed-water and their economizers operate above the dew point of the gases, thus eliminating external corrosion and fouling, Chemical cleaning of internal surfaces is also used.
现代蒸汽发生器给水加热和他们收到economizers操作在露点以上的有害气体,从而消除外部腐蚀与结垢,内表面化学清洗的也使用。

Also, much of the feed-water oxygen is removed in the deaerating feed-water heater at or above 100'C ,which reduces internal corrosion.
同样,大多数氧气去除了给水给水加热器排气达到或超过100 'C,从而降低内部腐蚀。

This is also aided maintaining the water in the economizer at a PH of 8 to 9.
这也是帮助维持水酸碱度等省煤器在8 ~ 9。

These advances permitted the use of steel, which in turn is suitable for the high pressures encountered in modern economizers.
这些进步允许使用的钢铁,从而适用于高压在现代economizers遇到。

Modern economizers are designed to allow some boiling of the feed-water in the outlet sections, up to 20 percent quality at full power, less at part loads.
现代economizers被设计允许一些沸腾的给水出口部分,达20%的质量在充满力量,减少部分的负荷。



Power plants are not always located adjacent to a plentiful supply of condensing water.
发电厂并非总是地处毗邻大量冷却水。

At other times the source of supply found to.
在另一方面,供应地发现。

be contaminated by the presence of foreign matter which would pro Ve injurious to the pumps, condensers, and circulating :systems through which the water must pass.
被污染的外来物质的存在,已经造成泵的专业、冷凝器、和循环:系统通过水中所必须消逝。

The cost of placing this water in a satisfactory condition for use would prove prohibitive.
把这水的成本在

良好状态使用将证明太高了。

Yet if the turbines are to be operated condensing,cold water is required.
然而,如果涡轮机是个运行冷凝、冷水是必需的。

Hence cooling tower and spray ponds are provided where sufficient water is not available.
因此冷却塔和喷雾提供充足的水在池塘是不可用的。。

In order to do this in the shortest possible time ,the water must be broken up into very fine spray to present to the atmosphere as much water surface as possible'.
为了做到这些在最短的时间内,水必须分解成极细喷雾呈现到大气中尽可能多的水面。

Both the spray pond ,and the cooling tower enjoy advantages depending upon the specific installation for which they are intended and must be evaluated accordingly'.
两个喷雾池塘,和冷却塔优势取决于具体的享受他们所安装的意愿,因此必须被评估的。

The factors to be considered in choosing between a cooling tower and a spray pond are the amount of water to be cooled , the amount of -degree of cooling desired, the cost of water makeup, piping , space available for installation,,pumping cost, water-treatment cost , fixed charges'maintenance,and operation.
设计中应考虑的因素之间在选择冷却塔及喷雾潭的水量是冷却后,冷却-degree金额时,需要水的成本妆、管道、可用空间进行安装,泵成本,水处理成本、固定费用'maintenance、操作。

Cooling ponds and spray ponds are usually less expensive to install and maintain than cooling towers.
池塘和喷雾冷却池通常更便宜的安装和维护的比冷却水塔。

However, better results are obtained with a properly designed cooling tower,since it can provide water at lower temperature, which in turn can produce a better or lower vacuum in the condenser.
然而,取得了良好效果,正确设计的冷却塔,因为它可以提供水在较低的温度,从而能带来更好的或低真空冷凝器。

The .
了。

cooling tower is very compact and can be located almost anywhere that space perrnits,such as the top of buildings,etc.
冷却塔是非常紧凑,几乎任何地方都可以摆放空间perrnits,如建筑物的顶上,等等。

It is usually installed ye.
这是你们通常安装。

By comparison,a spray pond requires considerably less area than a where land is expensi The principle of cooling applied in both cooling pond and tower is that of transferring cooling pond.
相比之下,一个喷雾池塘需要区域要比明显少了,那里土地是expensi冷却的原则应用于同时供冷的池塘和塔冷却池是转移。





Heat exchangers are devices that transfer heat between fluids at different tempera-tures.
设备的热交换器传热流体在不同的tempera-tures之间。

Heat exchangers are used in a wide range of industrial and commercial applications.
换热器应用于广泛的工业和商业应用。

Examples are found in the power ,air-conditioning refrigeration,cryogenics,heat recovery, process, automotive, aircraft , marine, and manufacturing industries, as well as in many products available in the marketplace.
例子中发现电源、空调制冷、低温、热回收、加工、汽车、飞机、船舶、和制造业,以及在许多可得到的产品在市场上交易。

In this part we will describe the more common types of heat exchangers that are commercially available ,discuss the important functions of evaluation,selection,and design.
在本部分中我们将描述更常见的热交换器,商业化和讨论重要的功能评估、选择、与设计。

Types of Heat Exchangers
类型的换热器

IMP
小鬼

A heat exchanger consists of (1) active heat exchanging elements such as a core or a matrix containing the heat transfer surface, and (2) passive fluid distribution elements such as headers 'manifolds 'tanks ,inlet and outlet nozzles or pipes ,and seals.
由一个热交换器(1)的主动换热元素,例如一个核心或者一个矩阵包含传热表面,(2)被动流体分布要素,如标题的流形的坦克,进口和出口喷嘴或管道,和海豹。

The surface of the exchanger core, which is in direct contact with fluids and through which heat is transferred ,is referred to as the heat transfer surface.
换热器表面的核心,在液体和通过直接接触,热量转移,也称为传热表面。

The various types of heat exchangers
各种类型的热交换器

that are commercially available may be categorized according to the geometric configuration of the 'heat transfer surface and flow arrangement as well as certain other considerations.
这是市面上买得到的可能被分类根据几何形态的传热面和流程安排以及某些一些其他的因素要考虑。

Double-Pipe Heat Exchangers
Double-Pipe热交换器

The double-pipe module is the simplest type of heat exchanger.
double-pipe模块是最简单的类型的换热器。

As illustrated hi Fig 1 5.
嗨,如图所示图1 5。

1 double-pipe heat exchangers involve combinations of tube and annular flow ,with the tube and annular flows being in the same direction for parallel-flow ( concurrent)
1 double-pipe热交换器的组合,包括环形流管,管和环形流处于相同的方向,parallel-flow(同步)

Heat exchangers are devices that transfer heat between fluids at different tempera-tures.
设备的热交换器传热流体在不同的tempera-tures之间。

Heat exchangers are used in a wide range of industrial and commercial applications.
换热器应用于广泛的工业和商业应用。

Examples are found in the power ,air-conditioning refrigeration,cryogenics,heat recovery, process, automotive, aircraft , marine, and manufacturing industries, as well as in many products available in the marketplace.
例子中发现电源、空调制冷、低温、热回收、加工、汽车、

飞机、船舶、和制造业,以及在许多可得到的产品在市场上交易。

In this part we will describe the more common types of heat exchangers that are commercially available ,discuss the important functions of evaluation,selection,and design.
在本部分中我们将描述更常见的热交换器,商业化和讨论重要的功能评估、选择、与设计。

Types of Heat Exchangers
类型的换热器

IMP
小鬼

A heat exchanger consists of (1) active heat exchanging elements such as a core or a matrix containing the heat transfer surface, and (2) passive fluid distribution elements such as headers 'manifolds 'tanks ,inlet and outlet nozzles or pipes ,and seals.
由一个热交换器(1)的主动换热元素,例如一个核心或者一个矩阵包含传热表面,(2)被动流体分布要素,如标题的流形的坦克,进口和出口喷嘴或管道,和海豹。

The surface of the exchanger core, which is in direct contact with fluids and through which heat is transferred ,is referred to as the heat transfer surface.
换热器表面的核心,在液体和通过直接接触,热量转移,也称为传热表面。

The various types of heat exchangers
各种类型的热交换器

that are commercially available may be categorized according to the geometric configuration of the 'heat transfer surface and flow arrangement as well as certain other considerations.
这是市面上买得到的可能被分类根据几何形态的传热面和流程安排以及某些一些其他的因素要考虑。

Double-Pipe Heat Exchangers
Double-Pipe热交换器

The double-pipe module is the simplest type of heat exchanger.
double-pipe模块是最简单的类型的换热器。

As illustrated hi Fig 1 5.
嗨,如图所示图1 5。

1 double-pipe heat exchangers involve combinations of tube and annular flow ,with the tube and annular flows being in the same direction for parallel-flow ( concurrent)
1 double-pipe热交换器的组合,包括环形流管,管和环形流处于相同的方向,parallel-flow(同步)