2021届青岛高三2020期初考试

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山东省青岛第二中学2022届高三上学期期初考试语文试题 Word版含答案

青岛二中2021-2022学年第一学期高三期初考试语文试题一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1~3题。

《周易》的前生今世周山《易传》是对《周易》一书的第一次系统解释的著作，由于共有10篇文字，故又称《十翼》。

《易经》与《周易》，不是两名一实的重同关系，而是种属关系。

自从阴、阳爻由数字中归类抽象出来之后，很自然地固定为六十四个六爻卦体，对这些卦体作出有序排列，并且各自赐予一个卦名，便诞生了第一部《易经》。

据史传，这第一部《易经》诞生于夏代初期，其名为《连山》。

夏代之前，洪水泛滥，人或为鱼鳖；大禹治水，洪灾顿息，舜将帝位禅让于禹，建立夏朝。

由于长期的洪灾，人们对赖以避难的高山心怀感谢；洪灾之后的渔猎生活，山上盛产的野果和飞禽走兽，为人们的主要生活来源；对山的崇拜，也就成为一种必定。

因此，在对六十四卦排序之时，象征山的“艮”卦名列榜首，也就顺理成章。

六爻重卦“艮”是由两个经卦“艮”相重而成，象形山连着山。

所以，夏代制定的以“艮”为首卦的《易经》，便取名为《连山》。

我国最早图腾对象“山”，也因此可以确认。

由渔猎社会转向农业社会，也是在以“山”为崇拜对象的夏代。

个中缘由，明显是洪水消减之后，人们纷纷从山上下来，在平原上安营扎寨的原因。

长期的农事活动，使人们对“春播一粒粟，秋收万颗粮”的土地产生了感情。

于是，由“山”移情于“地”的观念随着农事活动的深化开放而得以确立。

商汤取夏政而代之，作为治国之策的《易经》，也必需作出相应的改编。

由于古籍资料的残缺，我们已无法知道改编的全部内容，但是从商朝初期诞生的其次部《易经》称名《归藏》，可以确定这部《易经》的首卦已由“艮”改换为“坤”。

坤为地，以“坤”为首卦的《归藏》，表达了商代先人对大地的崇拜，我们祖先由此进入其次个图腾崇拜时代。

商代八百年，是农业社会渐渐走向成熟的阶段。

成熟的农业生产，使先人们意识到农作物的收成好坏并不取决于土地，而是取决于天气：风调雨顺，五谷丰登；洪涝旱灾，欠收甚至颗粒无收。

2021届山东省青岛市黄岛区高三上学期期中考试化学试卷(解析版)

2021届山东省青岛市黄岛区高三上学期期中考试化学试卷（解析版）2020.11说明：1．本试卷分为选择题和非选择题两部分，考试时间90分钟，满分100分。

2．选择题答案用2B铅笔涂在答题卡上，非选择题用0.5mm黑色中性笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置。

可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1 He 4 B 13 C 12 N 14 O 16 S 32 Cl 35.5 K 39 Mn55 Fe 56 Cu 64 Ba 137 Pb 207 I 127一、选择题：本题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分。

每小题只有一个选项符合要求。

1. 北宋沈括《梦溪笔谈》中记载：“信州铅山有苦泉，流以为涧。

挹其水熬之则成胆矾，烹胆矾则成铜。

熬胆矾铁釜，久之亦化为铜”。

下列叙述正确的是( )A. 胆矾的化学式为FeSO4·7H2OB. “熬之则成胆矾”是蒸发结晶、过滤C. 胆矾可用于配制波尔多液，以杀死细菌，其原理是利用了胆矾的强氧化性D. “熬胆矾铁釜，久之亦化为铜”该过程中既发生了化学腐蚀又有电化学腐蚀【答案】D【解析】【详解】A．胆矾的化学式为CuSO4·5H2O，A项不符合题意；B．由水溶液获得胆矾，涉及到的操作是蒸发浓缩，B项不符合题意；C．胆矾中Cu是重金属，可以使蛋白质变性，C项不符合题意；D．涉及到的反应是Fe+CuSO4=Cu+FeSO4，既有化学腐蚀，又有电化学腐蚀，D项符合题意；故正确选项为D2. 盐酸肼(N2H6Cl2)是一种化工原料，与NH4Cl类似，其溶液呈酸性。

下列说法正确的是( )A. N2H6Cl2属于共价化合物B. N2H6Cl2中含有非极性共价键C. N2H6Cl2中氮元素化合价为﹣3价N H＋2Cl﹣D. 盐酸肼在水中电离方程式为N2H6Cl22+26【答案】B【解析】【详解】A．N2H6Cl2与NH4Cl结构类似，都属于离子化合物，A错误；B ．在N 2H 6Cl 2中含有N-N 键属于非极性键，B 正确；C ．在N 2H 6Cl 2中，Cl 是-1价，H 是+1价，根据化合物中元素化合价代数和等于0可知氮元素化合价为﹣2价，C 错误；D ．盐酸肼(N 2H 6Cl 2)是强酸弱碱盐，在水中完全电离产生2+26N H 、Cl -，电离方程式为：N 2H 6Cl 2=2+26N H ＋2Cl -，D 错误；故合理选项是B 。

2024-2025学年山东省青岛市高三上学期期初考化学试题及答案

2024年高三年级期初调研检测化学试题 2024．09注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置。

2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

一、选择题：本题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1．汉·陈琳《武军赋》：“铠则东胡阙巩，百炼精钢”。

下列说法正确的是（） A ．钢是合金，合金是指含有两种或两种以上金属的混合物 B ．炼铁常用的焦炉气可通过煤的气化获得C ．铁比铜活泼，铁的发现、大量冶炼和使用均早于铜D ．铁是比较活泼的金属，自然界中不存在游离态的铁2．化学品在人类生产生活中有重要应用，下列说法错误的是（） A ．氢氧化铝可用于治疗胃酸过多B ．硫氢化钠可用作工业废水中铅离子的沉淀剂C ．硫磺可用于制造杀虫剂D ．四氧化三铁可用作红色颜料3．下列化学用语或图示正确的是（）A ．z 2p 电子云图：B ．4P 的球棍模型：C ．的命名：顺-3-氯-3-己烯D ．邻羟基苯甲醛的分子内氢键：4．2CO 低压合成甲醇反应为2232CO 3H CH OH H O +=+，反应涉及的4种物质沸点最高的是（）A ．2CO B ．2H C ．3CH OHD ．2H O5．下列物质性质与用途对应关系错误的是（）A ．聚乙炔在掺杂状态下具有较高的电导率，用于制作导电材料B ．聚四氟乙烯塑料耐腐蚀，用于制作滴定管C ．高纯度二氧化硅透光性好，用于制作太阳能电池板D ．氧化钙具有良好的吸水性，用于制作食品干燥剂 6．下列图示实验中，操作规范的是（）2025届青岛高三上学期期初调研检测化学试题+答案A ．甲为萃取时振荡B ．乙为冷凝水的进出方向C ．丙为打开干燥器盖子D ．丁为滴定时读取高锰酸钾溶液体积7．黄鸣龙反应是我国化学家对传统的醛酮与纯肼反应方法的创造性改进，过程如图。

2024-2025学年山东省青岛市高三上学期期初考历史试题及答案

2024 年高三年级期初调研检测历史试题 2024.09注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置。

2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

一、选择题：本题共15 小题，每小题3 分，共45 分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1. 春秋以前，市场上流通的商品，多见奴隶、珠玉、珍宝。

战国时期，粮食、家禽、家畜等类商品增多。

这主要是因为A. 剩余产品增多B. 贵族阶层衰落C. 水陆交通完善D. 奴隶制度瓦解2. 东汉晚期，河南新息、邵陵多出现民不养子、杀子的现象。

新息令贾彪上任遇到城南盗贼害人与城北妇人杀子同时案发，掾吏欲引城南，贾彪怒斥：贼寇害人，此则常理，母子相残，逆天违道。

遂驱车北行，案验其罪。

这反映了当时A. 民生困顿的社会现状B. 政府干预民间的抚育C. 贾彪个人高风亮节D. 儒家伦理尚需强化3. 下图为《宋史 ·许骧传》中的相关记载。

许氏家族的经历反映出宋代A. 门第观念逐渐淡化B. 商人的政治地位得到提升C. 社会阶层流动加强D. 选官的标准呈现出多元化4. 明初，朱元璋指出：“礼者，所以美教化而定民志。

成周设大司徒，以五礼防万民之伪而教之中。

夫制中莫如礼，修政莫如礼。

故有礼则治，无礼则乱。

居家有礼，则长幼序而宗族和；朝廷有礼，则尊卑定而等威辨。

”其目的是A. 重构国家统治秩序B. 确立儒学统治地位C. 维护宗族内部和谐D. 构建礼乐宗法制度5.下列四幅折线图分别反映了近代青岛在1903-1926 年不同阶段棉纱输入(单位：担) 的情况。

其中，反映1915-1920年变化状况的是A. 甲B. 乙C. 丙D. 丁6.20 世纪20 年代中期至30 年代初，共产国际和中共中央称“ 国民大革命”为“1925-1927 年的革命”，30 年代中期起，党内一些领导人开始使用“1924-1927 年革命”的说法。

山东省青岛市2021年高三年级期初调研考试英语试题附答案

青岛市2021届高三上学期期初考试2020.09英语第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

AWe are Idea International Education. As a comprehensive education service institute, our mission is to assist native English Speaking Teachers in their quest of getting teaching positions which best suit them. We have school locations in small towns and big cities all over Guangdong. China and we would be happy to speak with those who are interested in the teaching opportunities we can provide! Below is a list of basic details about our positions:Key Responsibilities Involved:·Our average work schedule being Monday through Friday·Teachers being given 40 working bours per week with 2-day weekend off per week·Teaching periods from September through January and March through July, with the provided option of teaching during semester breaksThe Treatments:·Salaries range from 10, 000 to 18, 000 RMB and is based on qualification , degree , teaching experience,& teaching certification·5000 RMB contract finish bonus (Generally, a contract lasts 1 year)·Private Furnished Independent Apartment provided·Two free meals offered by the school per work day·Airport pick-up·Medical insurance and accident insuranceRequired Documentation:- A current resume or one-sheet, indicating your nationality- A copy of your passport / ID- A copy of your highest degree and / or other certification- Current Photo- References with contact informationPlease contact us for more details: 21. What’s the job description of the teaching positions?A. Teachers only work on Monday and Friday.B. Teachers should work more than 10 hours every day.C. Teachers are required to work 11 months per year.D. Teachers can choose to work during school holidays.22. How will you be treated if you get the teaching position?A. You will be paid at least 18,000 RMB monthly.B. You will get extra 5,000 yuan after a year’s teaching.C. You need to live in a shared dormitory with others.D. You are free to choose your insurance types.23. Which is unnecessary when you apply for the positions?A. A proof of previous working experience.B. A copy of your IDC.A copy of your certification.D. Your recent photo.BWith fewer races to take part in, and one more year to wait, Chinese sprinter(短跑运动员）Xie Zhenye is committed to staying patient and focused as he tries to achieve his Olympic dream.No matter what the future bolds, Xie’s expectation for the Tokyo Games remains the same become the first Chinese national to reach a hat-trick(三连胜) of sprint finals, in the 100m,200m and 4x100m events.“With the postponement of the Olympic Games, I need to be more patient and focused and make good use of this additional year to get better prepared for the Games,” said the 27-year-old, who is currently training at Beijing Sport University.Xie trained with his national teammates in the United States for four months during the winter. According to his original plan, he was due to take part in a series of outdoor races in Europe and the US to tune up for the Tokyo Games. That was until the COVID-19 pandemic changed everything.Xie flew to China’s coastal city of Qinhuangdao, Hebei province, at the end of March, and after a 28-day quarantine(隔离期), returned to Beijing to stan his lockdown training session.“Although most of the competitions have been canceled or postponed, I can still compete in some virtual events and testing events organized by the national team.” Xie said.“I am working closely with my coach and sticking to our new preparation plan. Our aim is to maintain my good form until the Tokyo Games next year.”Xie enjoyed a successful season in 2019, setting a new Asian record of 19.88 at the Diamond League London meeting. Later, at the world championships in Doha, the 2010 Youth Olympic champion became the first Chinese to reach the men’s 200m final.Xie has already met the Olympic entry standard for the 100m and 200m in Tokyo, while the Chinese relay team has also booked a berth(参赛权) in the 4x100m. Now, Xie wants to make more history in the finals of all three events in Tokyo next summer.“I have the confidence to pursue that. I will try my best and leave no regrets in Tokyo,” he said.24. What’s the main idea of the text?A. The pandemic has postponed the Tokyo Games.B. Xie is aiming for his Olympic dream through hard training.C. Xie has achieved great success in his sports life.D. The pandemic has caused great pressure to athletes.25. Which of the following can best replace the underlined phrase “tune up” in paragraph 4?A. Make up.B. Long.C. Leave.D. Prepare.26. What did Xie do in Qinhuangdao?A. He had a pleasant holiday with his team.B. He participated in the outdoor races.C. He had a quarantine for about a month.D. He started his training session.27. What does the underlined word “that” in the last paragraph probably refer to?A. Keeping good playing condition.B. Meeting the Olympic entry standard.C. Setting a new record of the men’s 200m.D. Winning the finals of all three events.C“Join our exciting wildlife watching tours and experience the holiday of a lifetime!” Eco-wildlife tours like this are becoming more and more popular with tourists. The opportunity to see whales and dolphins swimming in their natural habitat is so much better than seeing these great mammals in zoos and aquariums. As your boat edgesout into the blue water, a group of dolphins come to greet you and swim around the boat, jumping playfully around you. In some places, tour companies even encourage tourists to go swimming with the dolphins. These intelligent mammals seem to enjoy our company and interact with us. But is it possible that this kind of human activity putting their survival at risk?A recent study has shown that the behavior of whales and dolphins changes greatly when they are close to boats. Interpreting the boats as a possible danger, they start to breathe more to breathe more quickly. The boats drive them away from the places where they feed and interrupt their routine of resting and taking care of their young. All of these factors could have a very negative effect on their general health. Another factor that should be taken into account is the effect of human attention on the animals. As they become more used to interacting with humans, they become less afraid of them. There have been several cases of tour boats running into dolphins or whales and causing their deaths. As dolphins live within close communities, events like these cause a lot of stress.Perhaps the best way to protect these animals is to reduce our interaction with them. This we could do by keeping a minimum distance between the animals and the boats, and by limiting the number of boats out on the water at one time. Most importantly, instead of interrupting these animals’ routines, we should try to adapt to them. In this way, we could learn to exist in harmony with these wild animals and ensure our continued co-existence on the planet that we shall share.28. Why are Eco-wildlife tours increasingly popular?A. Because they are widely advertised.B. Because tourists can visit wild animals in nature.C. Because wild animals enjoy our company.D. Because visitors do not disturb wild animals.29. What’s the author’s attitude towards Eco-wildlife tours?A. Interested.B. Supportive.C. Critical.D. Confused.30. What can we learn from the recent study?A. The visiting boats excite whales and dolphins.B. Boats drive young whales and dolphins away from their parents.C. Human’s attention benefits whales and dolphins a lot.D. Getting too close to wild animals may cause trouble to them.31. What is suggested to stay in harmony with wild animals according to the text?A. Making less interaction with them.B. Keeping a minimum distance between boats.C. Banning boats entering their habitat.D. Making them adapt to our daily routine.DChengdu, the capital of Southwest China’s Sichuan province, is promoting innovation in the new economy to create a powerhouse for regional economic development.The city’s recent move to open up registration for companies as part of the first of innovation-application experimental labs and future scene labs is an important part of its efforts to promote innovation. Officials saidthis will help with the development of business in the new economy.In order to be selected into Chengdu’s innovation-application experimental labs, companies should have an investment in research and development that accounted for 3-5 percent of their total experimental labs include having no less than five professionals working full-time in science and technology research. They also must have a three-to-five-year development plan.The city government said companies will receive investment or subsidies(补贴) worth up to 2 million yuan ($285,695) upon approval.Yang Quan, an official in charge, said the move will play an important role in promoting new technologies while facilitating their practical uses in urban development. He said the two lab projects will offer more opportunities in the development of small and medium-sized companies in the new economy. This will help form relatively mature industry clusters(集群) to boost the local economy.The city’s supportive measures to boost the new economy have benefited numerous companies, with Chengdu Haier Sen Hospital being one of them.32. What can be the best title for the text?A. Chengdu boosts innovation efforts in new economy.B. Chengdu opens up registration for new companies.C. Chengdu announces strict criteria to select companies.D. Chengdu offers more chances for large companies.33. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?A. Procedures for companies to register.B. Criteria for companies to be selected in the project.C. Investment in research and development.D. Development plans of selected companies.34. What can we learn from Yang’s remarks?A. Companies will get financial support.B. New technologies play an important role in the move.C. The move will speed up the local economy.D. Small companies will decline due to the move.35. What will the author probably write about in the next paragraph?A. Newly founded industry clusters.B. Other measures to develop economy in Chengdu.C. The development of Chengdu Haier Sen Hospital.D. The praise for the measures from all aspects第二节（共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

青岛市2021届高三期初调研质量检测生物试题含答案

青岛市2021届高三期初调研质量检测生物试题注意事项：1。

答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号徐思。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡并交回。

第I卷(选择题共45分)一、选择题：本题共15小题,每小题2分,共30分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1.细胞自噬是指在一定条件下，细胞会将受损或功能退化的细胞结构,通过溶酶体降解后再利用。

研究表明，人类许多疾病的发生，可能与细胞自噬发生障碍有关。

下列有关叙述不正确的是A.溶酶体能够参与细胞自噬是因为它可以合成大量水解酶B。

在营养缺乏条件下,细胞可通过细胞自噬来维持生存C.细胞自噬有助于维持细胞内都环境的相对稳定D.通过对细胞自噬的研究有助于许多人类疾病的防治2.小肠是消化管中最长的部分,肠腺能够分泌多种消化酶，进步分解糖、脂肪、蛋白质等，同时小肠绒毛壁和毛细血管壁都只有一层上皮细胞构成，这有利于小肠的消化和吸收。

下列有关叙述不正确的是A。

肠腺分泌的消化酶都可以与双缩脲试剂产生紫色反应B.小肠绒毛壁和毛细血管璧的细胞膜由单层磷脂分子组成C.小肠绒毛对糖类的吸收需要细胞呼吸提供ATPD.消化液的分泌过程也需要膜上蛋白质的参与3.同位素标记可用于示踪物质的运行和变化规律。

通过追踪同位素标记的化合物，可以弄清化学反应的详细过程，在生物学研究中有广泛的应用。

下列有关叙述不正确的是A。

用同位素标记的化合物，其化学性质不会改变B.给水稻提供14CO2根细胞在缺氧环境下有可能出现14C2H5OHC.小鼠吸入18O2后，则在呼出的气体中有可能检测到C18O2D.卡尔文循环中14C的转移途径是14CO2→14C5→（14CH2O)4.性指数是指X染色体的教量和常染色体组数的比值，在人类和果频中性染色体和性别的关系如下表所示。

山东省青岛市2022-2023学年高三上学期期初测试英语试卷

山东省青岛市2022-2023学年高三上学期期初测试英语试卷学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解Community colleges offer low tuition, job-specific training and other benefits. Whether you’re a high school student unsure of which colleges to apply to or someone considering going back to school, there are plenty of reasons to put community colleges on your list.Lower CostsThe most frequently cited benefit of community colleges is the relatively low cost of attendance. According to data from the College Board, community colleges cost, on average, about one-third of in-state tuition at four-year public universities.A Path to a Four-year CollegeMany four-year universities have transfer agreements with local community colleges. These agreements allow students who complete specific requirements to easily transfer into a four-year program at a nearby university. Transfer students can then earn a bachelor’s degree while only having to pay two years of higher tuition.FlexibilityCommunity colleges allow for flexible scheduling, making them a particularly good option for older students who are working professionals or parents. Many community colleges also allow high school students to take college-level courses during evenings or weekends.Workforce TrainingCommunity colleges tend to offer a wide range of career and technical education programs in fields like nursing or firefighting. The highly applied nature of these programs prepares students for entering the workforce. From culinary (烹饪) arts to automobile mechanics, community colleges offer a broad selection of professionalized coursework that four-year universities often do not.1．Who are most likely to attend community colleges?A．High school students facing college choices.B．Adults planning to work at high schools.C．College students anxious to improve themselves.D．Professionals eager for college-level courses.2．Which is thought to be the biggest advantage of community colleges?A．Lower Costs.B．A Path to a Four-year College.C．Flexibility.D．Workforce Training.3．Which of the following can best describe the workforce training programs?A．Interesting.B．Time-consuming.C．Practical.D．Demanding.Valerie Bolduc is exploring a path under a four-lane highway to fit wildlife cameras, when she gets stuck in the mud. “I am really stuck,” says the road ecology student, trying to pull her feet out of a streambed that travels through the concrete culvert (涵洞) of Quebec Route 117. “I do not want to be a deer going through that.”Bolduc’s dilemma makes evident the risks for wild animals using the same path.A warming climate is pushing many animals to migrate toward higher latitudes (纬度) to remain within their desirable environments, but that comes with risks as they cross dangerous areas, such as highways. In eastern Canada, Bolduc and other researchers and conservationists are trying to preserve safe corridors (走廊) for wildlife.The motion-activated cameras they have brought will record which species are using the tunnels. An outward-facing camera will identify what animals approach but do not enter, perhaps prevented by traffic noise, the tunnel’s size or other factors.Bolduc explains that this highway running through southern Quebec separates a series of Canadian national and regional parks on either side, along with their animal populations. “It’s super important,” she notes, “because the animals want to move north and they encounter these and then can they move through? Will they get hit by a car? We’ll need to figure that out. And we need to help them, at least I want to help them.”After finishing fitting their cameras on the northbound side of the highway, Bolduc and her team decide they need an alternate path to the other side to avoid another misfortune in the mud. “We’re generally trying to be safe,” Bolduc says, “but for the animals, this is their life!”4．What can we learn from Bolduc’s experience of being trapped?A．It is difficult to fit wildlife cameras.B．She is out of luck during the exploration.C．Road conditions of the highway are unexpected.D．It is dangerous for wild animals to cross this area.5．What do these animals move to higher latitudes for?A．Less traffic noise.B．Warmer climate.C．Safe corridors.D．Favorable environments.6．What function is expected of the wildlife cameras?A．To record the changes in traffic flow.B．To figure out difficulties wild animals face.C．To track animals in and around the tunnels.D．To photograph the livingenvironment of wild animals.7．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A．High Tech Protects Wildlife B．Animal Migration Is under ThreatC．Ecologists Fear the Future of Wildlife D．Researchers Seek Paths for Animals to MigrateCovered in lush fur, the thickest in the animal kingdom, sea otters (海獭) can live their entire lives in the ocean, feeding heavily upon seafloor animals such as shellfish. They are often seen to eat clams(蛤), which bury themselves in meadows of eelgrass (大叶藻场), a wide-ranging plant species growing in water. Eelgrass meadows where sea otters dig for clams become partly bare, which is commonly a concern for ecologists.As it turns out, the meadows with otters are healthier, with more eelgrass, according to a new study published in Science. That's because by gently disturbing the seabed, the otters make the plants flower and produce seeds. What's more, their digging provides more space and sunlight for seeds to settle and grow. The enhanced genetic diversity caused by sea otters could make eelgrass more adaptable to present and future threats.The finding is a powerful example of how animals such as otters influence their ecosystems beyond predation (捕食), often in unseen and little-known ways, says study leader Erin Foster, a research associate at the Hakai Institute. It also means sea otters, an endangered species, are vital to their environments and give eelgrass, which is in danger worldwide, a better chance at staying healthy and surviving.Seagrass habitats are also important for many fish, providing food for animals, absorbing, and filtering harmful pollution and bacteria from the water. "Genetic diversity typically strengthens the adaptability of species, and considering the challenges we're facing…this will be important for eelgrass meadows, and from this aspect, the impact the otters are havingdeserves our lasting concern," says Foster.8．What do we know about sea otters?A．They live part of their lives underwater.B．They mainly feed on sea animals like fish.C．They eat clams beneath eelgrass meadows.D．They become a new concern for ecologists.9．How does the author develop paragraph 2?A．By giving opinions.B．By presenting reasons.C．By clarifying concepts.D．By comparing results.10．Why does the author mention the endangered condition of eelgrass?A．To provide examples of sea otters' predation.B．To show the urgency to protect the environment.C．To highlight the role of otters in their ecosystems.D．To warn against the potential risk of climate change.11．What does Foster think of the impact otters have on underwater meadows?A．Overestimated.B．Noteworthy.C．Temporary.D．Unpredictable.Winter may be seen as the time to fill up with comfort food, but in fact, the sunny summer months are when men eat more calories-unlike women. “The effect may occur because sunlight makes the skin release an appetite-stimulating hormone called ghrelin(饥饿激素),” says Carmit Levy at Tel Aviv University.Levy and her team noticed the unexpected effect in experiments in mice that investigated mechanisms(机制)behind skin cancer, in which male animals exposed to UV light ate more food. To see if humans do the same, the researchers used existing data on 3,000 people who had filled in dietary questionnaires as part of the government’s regular national health and nutrition survey. Between March and September, men consumed about 17 percent more calories per day than they did during the rest of the year while women’s food intake stayed about the same.Human appetite is influenced by many systems, but ghrelin seems to be the only hormone that directly stimulates eating. It was thought to be mainly secreted by the stomach when empty. “It tells the brain to eat more,” says Caroline Gorvin at the University of Birmingham.Further investigation revealed that exposing male mice to UVB radiation raised levels of ghrelin secretion by fat cells in their skin. Boosted levels of ghrelin were also seen in skin samples that were taken from men and exposed to UV light in the lab. Gorvin says the skin hadn’t previously been thought to play a role in appetite. “If it’s real, it’s quite exciting and we should spare no efforts to get to the bottom,” she says.It is unclear why the effect happens, but it may be an adaptive response to fuel greater physical activity in summer, says Gorvin. “As the largest organ of the body, it makes sense that the skin can sense the environment, sensing that there is UV now, that now is the time to go out.”12．What can we learn about the effect from paragraph 1?A．Humans tend to eat more food in winter.B．Our skin contains a hormone that makes us active.C．Summer sunlight seems to boost men’s calorie intake.D．Women suffer loss of appetite because of summer heat.13．What helped the team look into the effect on humans?A．Doing experiments in UV light.B．Analysing existing data offered.C．Carrying out dietary questionnaires.D．Surveying national health condition. 14．What does the underlined word “secreted” mean in paragraph 3?A．Balanced.B．Influenced.C．Raised.D．Produced. 15．What can we learn from Gorvin’s words?A．The skin is a decisive factor in physical activities.B．Exposure to UV light contributes to calorie burnup.C．The role of the skin in appetite needs further research.D．Higher food intake makes men gain weight in summer.二、七选五Surprise is the error signal our brains produce when something unexpected happens. It is a dopamine (多巴胺) trigger, producing the neurotransmitter (神经递质) that drives attention18 Samantha felt her shyness was a weakness, until her swim coach surprised her by naming her captain. He said, “She may be quiet, but when this girl says something, you’re going to want to listen.” The surprise left her feeling quietly powerful. The change in her beliefs and behaviors was instant and lasting.Not all surprising moments are created equal. Rousell illustrates some research-backed steps to use surprise well.Spot a self-criticism you’d like to help someone revise. For example, perhaps your student sees himself as a slow learner, or your employee believes he lacks creativity. 19 Maybe the student who thinks he learns slowly is also very thorough. The employee who thinks he lacks creativity is highly logical. Make your message quick and to the point. The more you delay on the topic or dress it up as flowery praise, the less surprising it will be.20A．Point out his weakness.B．It was an essential adaptation for humans.C．Identify the opposite side of the same coin.D．Also, it will make less difference to one’s mind.E．Here is an example the author shares in his book.F．To put it simply, surprise is a big deal to our brains.G．Surprise brings the experiences shaping who we believe we are.三、完形填空leg.Word 30 and soon Jandrisevits was making dolls for children with birthmarks or facial deformities (畸形), from photos sent by parents. She 31 her previous job and started a nonprofit, A Doll Like Me. She hasn’t 32 for a doll since she began her nonprofit.In all, she’s made more than 400 dolls. The waiting list is long but Jandrisevits is 33 . As she explains, “Every kid, 34 gender, age, medical issue or body type, should look into the 35 face of a doll and see their own.”21．A．power B．theme C．system D．fashion 22．A．lesson B．inspiration C．reward D．experience 23．A．turn to B．adapt to C．realize D．ignore 24．A．worker B．patient C．volunteer D．friend 25．A．unforgettable B．challenging C．complex D．impressive 26．A．natural B．generous C．helpful D．hard 27．A．confidence B．connection C．trust D．communication 28．A．following B．blessing C．explaining D．changing 29．A．took B．sent C．saw D．posted 30．A．came B．failed C．spread D．read 31．A．loved B．quit C．began D．lost 32．A．charged B．gone C．asked D．paid 33．A．tired B．curious C．determined D．famous 34．A．regardless of B．instead of C．apart from D．according to 35．A．restored B．beautified C．sweet D．funny四、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

2024-2025学年山东省青岛市高三上学期期初考生物试题及答案

2024年高三年级期初调研检测生物试题 2024.09注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置。

2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

3. 考试时长90分钟, 满分 100分。

一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1. 原生内共生是指原核细胞被真核细胞吞噬并从共生进化为细胞器的过程。

科学家在某单细胞海洋藻类中发现了新的细胞结构，并将其命名为硝质体。

有科学家认为硝质体是由与之共生的 UCYN-A(一种固氮蓝细菌)演化而来的细胞器。

下列说法最支持上述观点的是A. 硝质体含环状DNA分子，可进行自我复制B. 硝质体需要“进口”细胞制造的蛋白质C. 硝质体的大小和其所在的细胞大小成正比D. 硝质体在细胞分裂时能够均等分配给子细胞2. 果蝇的神经干细胞(NB)通过不对称分裂形成NB和GMC(神经节母细胞)，后者将分裂分化为神经细胞。

分裂机制如图：NB顶端的 Par复合物通过转运蛋白 Insc连接Pins/Gαi/ Mud复合物，后者结合星射线，引导纺锤体方向的确定。

同时，细胞命运决定因子 Pros、Brat和 Numb由于顶端复合物的作用，被不对称分布于细胞底部，使得底部的子细胞趋向于分化为GMC；而顶部的子细胞没有细胞命运决定因子的作用，依旧保持干性。

下列说法错误的是A. 神经干细胞经历一次不对称分裂后，干细胞的数量不变B. NB 与GMC 在蛋白质种类、细胞器数量等方面存在差异C. 神经干细胞不对称分裂过程中，Insc形成星射线进而引导纺锤体定位D. 顶端复合物和细胞命运决定因子共同决定细胞干性是否能够保持3. 下图为溶酶体膜上的部分蛋白质及其作用示意图，其中 V-ATP 酶能利用水解ATP 释放的能量跨膜转运H⁺。

山东省青岛市2021届高三语文上学期期初调研质量检测试题扫描版

山东省青岛市2021届高三语文上学期期初调研质量检测试题（扫描版）语文试题参考答案一、现代文阅读（一）现代文阅读Ⅰ（本题共 5 小题）1．A 2．D 3．A4.①老舍的“念着玩”指随便一看，顺手一扔，有无心得，全不过问，只供消遣；②毕飞宇的“把玩”指反复揣摩着读，把自己的想象融入到作品情境中去读。

5.①首先对错误的读书态度予以否定，说明读一本小说也不容易；②进而谈论了小说较哲学、历史、戏剧等其他文学类型的优势，点明小说在书籍里另成一格；③最后教给我们阅读小说的方法。

（二）现代文阅读Ⅱ（本题共 4 小题）6.B7.A8.①情感线索：作者重返乡下，最初心里感觉酸酸的，生活过程中，白鹿原的风光与历史给作者带来诸多的体验，最后作者体会到创作的喜悦，情感的变化贯穿全文；②时间线索：文章写原上风景时从初春写到冬季，然后从现在的白鹿原写到历史的白鹿原，思路清晰。

9.①借古抒怀，借刘邦表达“过程中的狼狈并不影响最后的成功”的思想，借白居易表达“远离现实的嘈杂可以获得心灵的宁静”的思想；②增加文章的历史厚度与文化气息；③由现实到历史，再到最后的感悟，承上启下，思路清晰。

二、古代诗文阅读（一）文言文阅读（本题共 5 小题）10．B 11．D 12．B13.（1）想上奏皇上，请求遵循孝养的礼制，没有征询你们这些人的意见，所以寄信来说明。

（2）父亲修身养德，身居高位，名望远近闻名，盈满则溢的教训，古人、圣贤都十分看重。

14.身体不适，供养母亲；丧期未到，坚守古制；不恋官位，急流勇退。

（二）古代诗歌阅读（本题共2 小题）15．A16. ①以眼前之月渲染凄清的气氛，烘托孤苦的情怀；②以眼前之月寄托相思之情，抒发思乡之苦；③将昔年赏中秋之月的愉悦与今年赏中秋之月的孤苦对比，进一步突出自己无法主宰命运的无奈和感伤之情。

（三）名篇名句默写（本题共1小题）（1）臣侍汤药，未曾废离（2）戎马关山北，凭轩涕泗流（3）千里澄江似练，翠峰如簇三、语言文字运用 18．C 19．①句中把剪纸民间艺人比作野花野草，体现了比喻的相似性；②民间艺人和野草野花都是散布并埋没在大地山川之间，默默无闻，不为人知；③民间艺人和野草野花都创造着生命的奇迹和无尽的美。

2023-2024学年山东省青岛市高三上学期期初调研检测化学试题

2023-2024学年山东省青岛市高三上学期期初调研检测化学试题1.钙奶饼干是山东几代人的飘香记忆，其配料为小麦粉、白砂糖、花生油、棕榈油、鲜鸡蛋、全脂奶粉、食品添加剂(碳酸氢铵、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠等)。

下列说法正确的是A．可用聚氯乙烯包装钙奶饼干，聚氯乙烯为混合物B．白砂糖的主要成分为蔗糖，蔗糖为单糖C．花生油的主要成分为饱和脂肪酸酯，饱和脂肪酸酯属于天然高分子化合物D．碳酸氢铵、碳酸氢钠在饼干加工过程中起到膨松剂的作用2.亚硝酸不稳定，易分解为和，其酸性弱于，氧化性强于，遇等强氧化剂表现还原性。

下列说法正确的是A．可将通入溶液制备B．向久置分解的亚硝酸中通入空气可使其复原C．将固体加到酸性溶液中可观察到溶液紫色变浅D．将铁屑加到亚硝酸中反应的离子方程式为3. W、X、Y、Z为短周期主族元素，原子序数依次增大，最外层电子数之和为19,W的最外层电子数是其K层电子数的3倍，Y基态原子核外有3个未成对电子，可用于自来水的杀菌消毒。

下列说法正确的是A．Y的含氧酸均为强酸B．Y与Z形成的分子都是极性分子C．简单离子半径：D．W与X形成的化合物可能含有共价键4.实验室安全至关重要，下列说法错误的是A．实验室常用反应釜进行高温高压实验，实验结束后立即打开反应釜盖B．乙醚容易吸潮，可用金属钠除去乙醚中微量水C．实验剩余的金属钾块，应放回试剂瓶D．钠、镁等活泼金属着火，应用沙土盖灭5.我国科学家用激光将置于铁室中石墨靶上的碳原子炸松，再用射频电火花喷射氮气，获得超硬新材料氮化碳薄膜，结构如图。

下列有关β-氮化碳的说法错误的是A．与石墨相比，氮化碳导电性增强B．与金刚石相比，氮化碳的熔点更高C．氮化碳中C、N的杂化方式相同D．氮化碳中C原子数与键之比为1∶46.鉴别浓度均为的三种溶液，仅用下列一种方法不可行的是A．焰色试验B．用计测定溶液的C．逐滴加入足量的溶液D．逐滴加入足量的溶液7.昆布是一种药用价值很高的海藻，具有消痰利水功能，其主要成分的结构简式如图所示。

山东省青岛市2021届高三年级期初调研检测语文试题(附答案)

山东省青岛市2021届高三年级期初调研检测语文试题注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名。

考生号，座位号等填写在答题卡上。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上时应题目的答案标号涂里，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答四卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后，将答题卡交回。

一、现化文阅读（35分）（一）现代文阅读I（本题共5小愿，19分）阅读下面的文字，完成1~5题。

材料一：写一本小说不容易，读一本小说也不容易。

平常人读小说，往往以为既是“小”说，必无关宏旨，所以就随使一看，看完了顺手一扔，有无心得，全不过问。

这个态度，据我看来，是不大对的。

小说之所以能够存在，并不是完全因为它“小”而易读，可供河遣。

反之，它之所以能够存在，正因为它有它特具的作用，不是别的文体所能替代的。

小说是讲人生经验的。

我们读了小说，才会明白人间，才会知道处身涉世的道理。

哲学能教咱们“明白”，但是它不如小说说得那么有趣，那么亲切，那么动人。

因为哲学板着面孔说话，而小说则生龙活虎地去描写，使人产生兴趣，因而也就不知不觉地发生了潜移默化的作用。

历史也写人间，似乎与小说相同。

可是，一般来说，历史往往缺乏文艺性，使人念了头疼：即使含有文艺性，也不能像小说那样圆满生动，活灵活现。

历史可以近乎小说，但代替不了小说。

世间恐怕只有小说能原原本本地描画人世生活，并且能暗示出人生意义。

就是戏剧也没有这么大的本事，因为戏剧须摆到舞台上去，而舞台的限制往往让剧本不能像小说那样自由描画。

于此，我们知道了。

小说足在书籍里另成一格，它不是仅供我们念着“玩”的。

读小说，第一能让我们得到益处的。

便是小说的文字。

世界上虽然也有文字不甚好的伟大小说，但是一般来说，好的小说大多是有好文字的。

所以，我们读小说时，不应只注意它的内容，也须学习它的文字，看它怎么以最少的文字。

形容出复杂的物态心态来：看它怎样用最恰当的文字，把人情物状一下子形容出来，使其活生生地立在我们眼前。

山东青岛2024-2025学年高三上学期期初调研检测物理试题及答案

2024年高三年级期初调研检测物理试题一、（单选题，每小题3分，共24分）1.医学中某型号心脏起搏器便用氚电池供电，氚电池可以将氚核衰变时产生的核能转化为电能。

衰变方程为3312H He X E →++∆。

已知氚核衰变的半衰期为12.5年，当电池中氚的含量低于初始值的25%时便无法正常工作。

下列说法正确的是（）A.氚核发生的是α衰变B.氚电池大约能正常工作35年C.起搏器的工作环境会改变氚的半衰期D.31H 的比结合能比32He 的比结合能小2.太阳和月球对地球上某一区域海水引力的周期性变化引起了潮汐现象。

已知太阳质量为302.010kg ×，太阳与地球的距离为81.510km ×，月球质量为227.310kg ×，月球与地球的距离为53.810km ×，地球质量为246.010kg ×，地球半径为36.410km ×。

对同一区域海水而言，太阳的引力和月球的引力之比约为（） A.1.75 B.17.5 C.175 D.17503.2023年9月21日，“天宫课堂”第四课开讲，神舟十六号航天员在空间站内演示微重力环境下不同质量钢球的对心碰撞现象。

如图所示，一质量为0.3kg 的钢球A 相对网格布静止，航天员将质量为0.2kg 的钢球B 以0.5m /s 的速度水平向左抛出，两球发生弹性正碰。

下列说法正确的是（）A.碰撞后A 向左运动，速度大小为0.2m /sB.撞后B 向左运动，速度大小为0.4m /sC.碰撞前后AB 动量变化相同D.碰撞过程中A 对B 的冲量大小为0.12N s⋅4.“半波损失”是指反射光在离开反射点时的振动方向相对于入射光到达入射点时的振动方向相反的现象，这种现象仅存在于光从光疏介质射向光密介质的反射光中，折射光没有“半波损失”。

某种防蓝光眼镜，从眼镜前面观察，发现镜片呈蓝色，这是因为镜片前表面镀膜增强了蓝光的反射。

山东省青岛市2021届高三期初调研质量检测英语试卷扫描版含答案

姓名，年级：时间：英语试题参考答案第一部分听力（共两节，满分 30 分)第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7。

5 分）1—5 ABBAC第二节（共 15 小题；每小题 1。

5 分，满分 22.5 分)6—10 BCCAC 11—15 ACABB 16-20 BCCBA第二部分阅读（共两节，满分 50 分）第一节（共 15 小题;每小题 2。

5 分,满分 37.5 分）21-23 DBA 24—27 BDCD 28-31 BCDA 32—35 ABCC 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2。

5 分，满分 12.5 分)36-40 EAFCG第三部分语言运用（共两节,满分 30 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分)41-45 BDABC 46-50 DADCA 51—55 BCCBD第二节（共 10 小题;每小题 1。

5 分，满分 15 分）56. wearing57。

However 58. to beheard59.invention60.which/that61. is turned 62。

a63.louder64。

hopefully65.customers第四部分写作（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节：（满分15 分）(参考答案略)第二节：（满分25 分）（参考答案略）附听力原文第一节听下面 5 段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项.听完每段对话后,你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

（Text 1）W:Could you turn the TV down？I’m trying to study，and the noise is bothering me。

M:I’m so rry。

I'llwatch this movie later。

(Text 2）W:When I’m 65 I will get Social Securitypayments from the government. M：That meansyou have twenty years to go and then you canquit your job。

山东省青岛市2024年高三年级9月期初调研检测语文试卷Word版含答案

青岛市2024年高三年级期初调研检测语文试题2024.09一、现代文阅读(35分)。

(一)现代文阅读I(本题共5小题，19分)阅读下面的文字，完成1～5题。

材料一:所有的逻辑推理，目的只有一个，即找出事物的真相。

这是个艰巨的任务，因为真相往往是难以捉摸的。

但不探寻真相是荒谬的，那种真相永远是可望而不可即的想法同样是荒谬的，它否定了我们所有的努力，使真相沦落为妄想。

真相有两种基本形态:一为本体真相，一为逻辑真相。

所谓本体真相，指的是关乎存在的真相，某个事物被认定是本体真相，那么它必然存在于某处。

桌上有一盏灯，这是本体真相，因为它确实是在那里，而不是幻象。

逻辑真相是在我们的思维和语言中自动呈现出来的真相。

肯定一个命题意味着已判断它为真，反之亦然。

一个命题如果真实地反映了客观事物，那么它就为真。

例如一个命题说一艘船泊在码头上，如果这里确实有一艘船，确实有一个码头，而这艘船确实泊在码头上，那么这个命题就是真的。

判断一个真命题的过程就是以语言为媒介，将大脑中的观念(主观事实)与相应事物的真实状态(客观事实)联结起来。

上例中，如果那个命题所说的与现实情况并不相符，则命题就是假的。

在任何特定的情况下，对真相的确认都要去检查别人认定或推测所得的真相在现实中是否存在依据，即确认真相就是要达到主观与客观的统一。

这里我们所要关注的焦点是事物的客观情况。

如果不能判断一个命题如“狗在车库里”的真假，那么仅仅在大脑中思考狗、车库或者其他相关概念是无助于解决这个问题的，得亲自到车库去看看。

从这一点也可以清楚地看出，为什么我们说本体真相更为基础。

决定命题真假的依据是客观现实情况，而逻辑真相是建立在本体真相基础之上的主观判断。

当人们撒谎时，他很清楚现实世界中真相是什么，而在表述时却有意欺瞒篡改，他知道“A是B”,但他说出来的却是“A不是B”,逻辑真相反映的就是命题内容符合客观事实，即符合论。

另一理论——融贯说，则从属于符合论,“融贯说”指如果一个命题与某个已经得到证明的理论或思想学说一致(相融贯)，那它就是真的。

青岛市2024-2025学年高三上学期期初考试青岛数学试题(解析版)

青岛市2024-2025学年高三上学期期初调研检测数学试题 2024.09本试卷共4页，19题．全卷满分150分．考试用时120分钟．注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置．2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑．如需要改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号．回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上．写在本试卷上无效．3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回．一、选择题：本题共8小题，每小题5分，共40分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的．1. 已知集合(){}ln 4Ax y x ==−，{}1,2,3,4,5B =，则A B = （）A. {5}B. {1,2,3}C. {1,2,3,4}D. {1,2,3,4,5}【答案】B 【解析】【分析】根据对数中真数大于0解出集合A ，再利用交集含义即可得到答案. 【详解】(){}{}ln 44A x y x x x ==−=<，则{1,2,3}A B ∩=. 故选：B.2. 已知复数z 满足()12i 43i z +=+，则z 的虚部为（） A. 1 B. 1−C. iD. i −【答案】A 【解析】【分析】根据复数的除法的计算公式得2i z =−，再根据共轭复数和复数虚部的概念即可. 【详解】()()()()43i 12i 43i105i2i 12i12i 12i 5z +−+−====−++−，则2i z =+，则其虚部为1.故选：A.3. 已知命题p ：R α∀∈，sin cos 44ππαα−=+，则p ¬为（）A. R α∀∈，sin cos 44ππαα−≠+B. R α∃∈，sin cos 44ππαα−≠+C. R α∀∉，sin cos 44ππαα−=+D. R α∃∉，sin cos 44ππαα−=+【答案】B 【解析】【分析】根据全称量词命题的否定，否定结论，全称变特称即可.【详解】根据全称量词命题的否定，否定结论，全称变特称,则p ¬为“R α∃∈，sin cos 44ππαα−≠+”. 故选：B.4. 等差数列{aa nn }的首项为1−，公差不为0，若236,,a a a 成等比数列，则{aa nn }的前6项和为（） A. 1−B. 3C. 24−D. 24【答案】D 【解析】2=d ，后根据等差数列求和公式计算即可.【详解】236,,a a a 成等比数列,则2326a a a =⋅，即21112()(5)()a d a d a d +=+⋅+， 11a =−代入.得到212)1)15)(((d d d −+−+−+⋅=，0d ≠，解得2=d .则{}n a 的前6项和6656(1)2242S ×=×−+×=. 故选：D.5. 在平面直角坐标系xOy 中，角α与角β均以x 轴的非负半轴为始边，它们的终边关于x 轴对称．若1cos 3α=−，则()cos αβ−=（）A.19B. 79−C. 1D.79【答案】B 【解析】【分析】运用角的终边对称性，得到正弦余弦值之间的关系，再用两角差的余弦值计算即可. 【详解】角α与角β均以x 轴的非负半轴为始边，它们的终边关于x 轴对称. 则1cos cos 3αβ==−，sin sin αβ=−，且228sin 1cos 9αα=−=，28sin sin sin 9αβα⋅=−=−，故()187cos cos cos sin sin 999αβαβαβ−=⋅+⋅=−=−. 故选：B6. 两个粒子A ，B 从同一发射源发射出来，在某一时刻，它们的位移分别为(1,2)A S = ，(4,3)B S =．粒子B 相对粒子A 的位移为S ，则S 在A S上的投影向量为（）A.B.C. (1,2)D. (2,1)【答案】C 【解析】【分析】根据题意，求得(3,1)B A S S S=-=，结合向量的数量积的公式和投影向量的公式，准确计算，即可求解.【详解】由向量(1,2)A S =，(4,3)B S = ，可得粒子B 相对粒子A 的位移为(3,1)B A S S S =-=，可得13215A S S =××=⋅+，所以S在A S上的投影向量为(1,2)(1,2)A A AAS S S S S ⋅⋅== .故选：C.7. 设()()2,01,0x a x f x x a x x +≤= ++>，若()0f 是()f x 的最小值，则a 的取值范围为（） A. []1,0− B. []1,2−C. []2,1−−D. []2,0−【答案】A 【解析】【分析】根据分段函数的最值，结合二次函数和基本不等式,二次不等式求解.【详解】由于()()2,01,0x a x f x x a x x +≤ = ++>，则当0x =，()20f a =.由于()0f 是()f x 的最小值，则(,0]−∞为减区间，即有0a ≤.则21,0a x a x x≤++>恒成立.由12x x +≥=，当且仅当1x =取最值.则 22a a ≤+，解得12a −≤≤。

山东省青岛市2020届高三化学期初调研检测试题

山东省青岛市2020届高三化学期初调研检测试题可能用到的相对原子质量：H-l C-12 O-16 Na-23 Mn-55第I卷本卷共14小題。

每小題3分，共42分。

在每个小題给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合題目要求的。

1、有些古文或谚语包含了丰富的化学知识，下列解释不合理的是2、化学与生活、生产、环境密切相关，下列有关说法错误的是A.硒是人体必需的微量元素，但不宜摄入过多B.我国最早使用的青铜器主要成分是铜、锡等金属C.用CO2合成可降解的塑料聚碳酸酯，实现“碳”的循环利用D.某种验钞笔中含有碘酒溶液，遇假钞呈现蓝色，其原理足葡萄糖遇碘变蓝3、阿伏伽德罗常数的值为N A。

下列说法正确的是A.1LpH= 2的H2SO4溶液中，含有0.02N A个H+B.2.3g钠在足量氧气中充分反应，常温和燃烧条件下转移的电子数均为0.1N AC.常温常压下，28 g乙烯和乙烷的混合气体中含有的碳原子数为2N AD.室温下，0.lmol·L-1CH3COONH4溶液的pH=7，1L该溶液中NH4+离子数为0.1N A4、常温下，下列各组微粒在指定溶液中能够大量共存的是A.中性溶液中：Ag+、NO3-、K+、Cl-B.稀硫酸中：CH3CH2OH、Na+、MnO4-C.c(Fe2+)=1 mol·L-1的溶液中：Na+、NH4+、ClO-、SO42-D.c(OH-)=l.0×10-13 mol·L-1的溶液中：Mg2+、Cu2+、SO42-、K+5、下列指定反应的离子方程式正确的是A.钠与水反应：Na+2H2O=Na++2OH-+H2↑B.用CH3COOH 溶解 CaCO3: CaCO3+2H+=Ca2++H2O+CO2↑C.向 FeCl3 溶液中加入少量 KSCN 溶液：Fe3++3SCN-=Fe(SCN)3D.NaHSO4溶液与 Ba(OH)2溶液反应至中性：H++ SO42-+Ba2++OH-=BaSO4↓+ H2O6、下列关于有机化合物的说法正确的是A.C8H10含苯环的烃的同分异构体有4种B.氨基酸和蛋白质遇重金属离子均会变性C.乙酸乙酯在碱性条件下的水解反应称为皂化反应D.等质量的乙烯和乙醇完全燃烧时，消耗氧气的量相同7、下列两种化合物的结构或性质描述正确的是A.两种物质可用滴有酚酞的NaOH溶液来区分B.两种物质的分子式皆为C10H12O2，二者互为同分异构体C.两种物质均能发生加成反应、取代反应、酯化反应、氧化反应D.两物质都含有不饱和键，因此都能使溴的四氯化碳溶液因发生加成反应而褪色8、短周期主族元素X、Y、Z、W的原子序数依次增大，X原子核外最外层电子数是其电子层数的2倍，X、Y的核电荷数之比为3:4。

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