2020年职称英语卫生类完形填空精选(7)

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职称英语《卫生类》完形填空练习题(3篇)

XX年职称英语《卫生类》完形填空练习题（3篇）为了大家更好地备考xx年考试，网为大家提供了xx年职称英语卫生类的试题相应练习。

以下是完形填空专项练习题，大家可以多加练习。

Taking a Nap During the DayMedical experts say most Americans do not get 51 sleep. They say more Americans need to rest for a short period in the middle of the day. They are advising people to sleep lightly before 52 with other activities.One study earlier this year found that persons who sleep for a few minutes during the day were less 53to die of heart disease. The study followed more than 2,300 Greek adults 54 about six years. Adults who rested for half an hour 55 three times a week had a 37 present lower risk of dying from heart disease than those who did not nap.Study organizers said the strongest evidence was in working men. They said naps might improve 56 by mitigating tension caused by work.Some European and Latin American businesses have supported the 57 of napping for many years. They urge people to 58 work, go home and have a nap before returning. In the United States, some panies let workers rest briefly in their offices. They believe this reduces 59 and aidents, and 60 increases the amount of work a person can do.Sleep experts say it is likely that people make more mistakes at work than at other times. They say people should not carry out important duties when they feel 61 And they say the best thing to do is to take a nap. About twenty minutes of rest is 62 you need. Experts say this provides extra energy and can increase your effectiveness 63 the end of the day. But experts warn that a nap 64 last no more than twenty to thirty minutes. A longer nap will put the body into deep sleep and waking up will be 6551A sweetB soundC badD enough52A checkingB sharingC continuingD meeting53A lovelyB likelyC fondlyD finely54B atC inD with55A at leastB at mostC at lastD at first56A abilityB healthC thinkingD life57A experimentB reformC ideaD way58A repeatB improveC changeD leave59B mistakesC energyD time60A neverB seldomC tooD also61A readyB goodC sleepyD awake62A allB fewC anyD nothing63A unlessB whileC untilD during64B mayC mightD should65A helpfulB difficultC easyD happy答案与解析51 D本段第二句说“more Americans need to rest for a short period in the middle of the day”，引导我们选择(not)enough。

职称英语卫生类完型填空训练的内容

职称英语卫生类完型填空训练的内容Charter Schools1American public education has changed in recent years. One change is that increasing numbers of American parents and teachers are starting independent public schools called charter schools.In 1991, there were 1 charter schools in the United States. Today, more than 2,300 charter schools 2 in 34 states and the District of Columbia.2 575,000 students 3 these schools. The students are from 5 years 4 age through18 or older.A charter school is created by groups of parents, teachers and munity members. It is similar 5 some ways to a traditional public school. It receives tax money to operate just as 6 public schools do. The amount it receives depends 7 the number of students. The charter school must prove 8 local or state governments that its students are learning. These governments provide the school 9 the agreement, or charter that permits it to operate.Unlike a traditional public school, 10, the charter school does not have to obey most laws governing public schools. Local, state or federal governments cannot tell it what to teach.Each school can choose its own goals and decide the ways it wants to 11 those goals. Class sizes usually aresmaller than in many traditional public schools. Many students and parents say teachers in charter schools can be more creative.。

2020年职称英语完形填空模拟试题：卫生类

2020年职称英语完形填空模拟试题：卫生类2020年职称英语完形填空模拟试题：卫生类Old And ActiveIt is well-known that life expectancy is longer in Japan than in most other countries. A____1____report also showsthat Japan has the longest health expectancy in the world. A healthy long life is the result of the____2____in social environment1.Scientists are trying to work____3____exactly what keeps elderly Japanese people so healthy, and whether there is a lesson to be____4____from their lifestyles for the rest of us. Should we____5____any changes to our eating habits, for instance, or go jogging each day before breakfast? Is there some secret____6____in the Japanese diet that isparticularly____7____to the human body?Another factor____8____to the rapid population aging in Japan is a decline in birthrate. Although longer life should be celebrated, it is_____9___considered a social problem. The number of older people had____10____in the last half century and that has increased pension and medical costs. The country could soon be____11____an economic problem, if there are so many old people to be looked_____12___,and relatively few younger people working and paying taxes to support them._____13___the retirement age from 65 to 70 could be one solution to the problem2. Work can give the elderlya_____14___of responsibility and mission in life. It’simportant that the elderly play active____15____in the society and live in harmony with all generations.词汇：expectancy /?k'spekt(?)ns?; ek-/ n.期望,预期life expectancy预期寿命,平均寿命health expectancy预期健康寿命elderly /'eld?l?/ n.年长者,老年人adj.上了年纪的,稍老的population aging 人口老龄化注释：1. A healthy long life is the result of...健康长寿是……的结果。

职称英语考试卫生类完型填空题附答案

【经典资料，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可编辑修改】【经典考试资料，答案附后，看后必过，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可修改】阅读理解Who Want to Live Forever?If your doctor could give you a drug that would let you live a healthy life for twice as long ，would you take it?The good news is that we may be drawing near to that date，Scientists have already extended the lives of flies ，worms and mice in laboratories. Many now think that using genetic treatments we will soon be able to extend human life to at least 140 years. This seems a great idea. Think of how much more time we could spend chasing our dreams，spending time with our loved ones，watching our families grow and have families of their own."Longer life would give us a chance to recover from our mistakes and promote long term thinking," says Dr Gregory Stock of the University Of California School Of Public Health. "It would also raise productivity by adding to the year we can work."Longer lives don't just affect the people who live them. They also affect society as a whole. "We have war，poverty，all sorts of issues around，and I don't think any of them would be at all helped by having people live longer," says US bioethicist Daniel Callahan."The question is 'What will weget as a society? 'I suspect it won't be a better society."It would certainly be a very different society. People are already finding it more difficult to stay married. Divorce rates are rising. What would happen to marriage in a society where people lived for 140 years? And what would happen to family life if nine or 10 generations of the same family were all alive at the same time?Research into ageing may enable women to remain fertile for longer. And that raises the prospect of having 100-year-old parents，or brothers and sisters born 50 years apart. We think of an elder sibling as someone who can protect us and offer help and advice. That would be hard to do if that sibling came from a completely different generation.Working life would also be affected，especially if the retirement age was lifted. More people would stay in work for longer. That would give us the benefits of age-skill，wisdom and good judgment.On the other hand，more people working for longer would create greater competition for jobs. It would make it more difficult for younger people to find a job. Top posts would be dominated by the。

职称英语卫生类完形填空题汇总练习试卷资料答案附后

【经典资料，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可编辑修改】【经典考试资料，答案附后，看后必过，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可修改】一．Study Confirms Red Meat Link with Bowed （结肠） CancerPeople who eat more than 160 grams of red or processed meat a day are 35 percent more likely to develop bowel cancer than those who ear less ＿＿1＿＿20 grams a day, according to one of the biggest nutrition investigations ever carried out.The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition followed 478,040 men and women ＿＿2＿＿35 to 70 from 10 European countries.All subjects were free of cancer at enrollment between 1992 and 1998, but ＿＿＿3＿＿ an average follow-up of almost 5 years 1,329 bowel cancers had been reported.The subsequent analysis, published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, confirms the long-held suspicion ＿＿4＿＿ high intakes（纳入量） of red meat are associated with increased bowel ＿＿5＿＿ risk.After taking into consideration factors like age, sex, height, weight, energy intake physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption, the investigators found that bowel cancer was ＿＿6＿＿with intake of red and processed meat but not chicken.Risk of bowel cancer dropped with increasing intake of fish. Eating more than 80 grams a day of fish was associated ＿＿7＿＿ a 31 percent reduction in risk compared with eating less than 10 grams a ＿＿8＿＿Subjects with high red meat and low fish intake were at 63 percent higher' risk of bowel cancer compared with subjects with low red meat and high fish ＿＿9＿＿. In addition, the risk of developing the disease was increased for ＿＿10＿＿ people who ate a low fibre diet.Sheila Bingham, study investigator at the UK's Medical Research Council nutrition unit, said: "People have suspected for some time that high levels of red and processed meat ＿＿11＿＿risk of bowel cancer, but this is one of the largest studies worldwide and the first from Europe of this type to show a ＿＿12＿＿ relationship."She added in a statement: 'q-he overall picture is very consistent for red and processed meat and fibre across all the ＿＿13＿＿ populations studied."Study coordinator, Elio Riboli, of the World Health Organisation International Agency for Research into Cancer, said: "Other risk factors for ＿＿14＿＿cancer include obesity （肥胖） and lack of physical activity. Smoking and excess alcohol may also play6. A) concludes B) covers C) conclude D) cover7. A) amuse B) amused C) amusing D) to amuse8. A) or B) as well C) both D) also9. A) give B) attain C) pay D) attract10. A) the rest B) rest C) other D) the other11. A) besides B) apart from C) except D) except for12. A) composes B) concludes C) confirms D) contains13. A) details B) reply C) all D) fact14. A) fully details B) full details C) details fully D) details full15. A) with B) between C) to D) among参考答案：1．B五．Cost as a Factor in SupplyIn a purely competitive market, the supplier of goods and services has no control over the market price, because he produces too little to influence market conditions. With no difference between his products and the products __1__ his competitors, he will sell nothing if he charges above the market price and he will sell all if he charges at or __2__ the market price. However, in considering the price, he must take cost of production __3__. There are times when he may be willing to sell below his cost. This might happen when prices tumble for __4__ a short time. However, no business person can __5__ lose money for a prolonged period. He must __6__ of his costs in relation to the market price if he is to compete successfully and earn a profit.Many people have the impression that as production increases, costs per unit decrease. __7__ mass production has made this true in certain industries and at certain levels of production, __8__ logic and practical experience have shown that costs per unit begin to rise beyond a certain level of production. Some economists __9__ this principle as the law of increasing costs.The reason __10__ rise as production goes up is complex. However, it is easy to recognize that as production goes up, the need for additional factors of production will also grow, resulting __11__ competitive bidding in the marketplace for the factors of。

2020年职称英语《卫生A》真题及答案：完型填空

2020年职称英语《卫生A》真题及答案：完型填空More about Alzheimer's DiseaseScientists have developed skin tests that may be used in the future to identify people with Alzheimer's disease1 and may ultimately allow physicians to predict who is at risk of getting this neurological disorder.' The only current means of diagnosing the disease in a living patient is a long and expensive series of tests that eliminate every other cause of dementia.“ Since Alois Alzheimer described the disease nearly a century ago，people have been trying to find a way to accurately diagnose it in its early stages2，” said Patricia Grady，acting director3 of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke in Bethesda, Maryland. "This discovery, if confirmed, could prove a big step forward in our efforts to deal with and understand the disea se. ”Alzheimer's is the single greatest cause of mental deterioration in older people, affecting between 2. 5 million and 4 million people in the United States alone. The devastating disorder gradually destroys memory and theability to function，and eventually causes death.6 There is currently no known treatment for the disease.Researches discovered that the skin cells of Alzheimer' s patients have defects that interfere with their ability to regulate the flow of potassium in and out of the cells. The fact that the cell defects are present in the skin suggests that7 Alzheimer's results from physiological changesthroughout the body，and that dementia may be the first noticeable effect of these changes as the defects affect the cells in the brain, scientists said.The flow of potassium is especially critical in cells responsible for memory formation8. The scientists also found two other defects that affect the cells' supply of calcium, another critical element.One test developed by researches calls for9 growing skin cells in a laboratory culture and then testing them with an electrical detector to determine if the microscopic tunnels that govern the flow of potassium are open. Open potassium channels create a unique electrical signature.A spokesman for the Alzheimer's Association said that if the validity of the diagnostic test can be proven it would be an important development, but cautioned that other promising tests for Alzheimer's have been disappointing.10词汇：neurological /inju9r9'lDd3ik9l/ adj.神经病学的dementia /di丨menjis/ n.痴呆 deterioration/d^tiom'reijan/ n.恶化，退化 devastating /'devosteitiB/ adj.破坏‘性极大的，毁灭性的 defect /'diifekt，di'fekt / n.缺损，毛病physiological / 丨fizio 丨lt)d3ikal/ adj.生理的; 生理学的potassium /ps'taesiom/ n.钟formation /fo： 'meijsn/ n.形成，组成calcium /'kaelsism/ n.考丐microscopic / 丨maikrs丨skDpik / adj.极小的，微小的一signature /'signitj9(r) / n. i只另!J标志;署名，签名，签字 validity /vs'lidsti/ n.效力，有效(性)注释：1. to identify people with Alzheimer's disease ; 老性痴呆识别患早老性痴呆的人;Alzheimer's disease：早2. in its early stages：在它的早期阶段3. acting director：执行主任4. the singly greatest cause：的重要原因5. in the United States alone：仅在美国6. The devastating disorder gradually destroys memory and the ability to function, and eventually causes death.这种毁灭性的疾病逐渐破坏记忆和行动的水平，最终导致死亡。

职称英语：卫生类完型填空

1，Better Control of TB seen if a faster cure is foundThe World Health Organization estimates that about one-third of all people are infected with bacteria that cause tuberculosis . Most times, the infection remains inactive. But each year about eight million people develop active cases of TB, usually in their lungs. Two million people die of it. The disease has increased with the spread of AIDS and drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis.Current treatments take at least six months. Patients have to take a combination of several antibiotic drugs daily. But many people stop as soon as they feel better. Doing that can lead to an infection that resists treatment. Public health experts agree that a faster-acting cure for tuberculosis would be more effective. Now a study estimates just how effective it might be. A professor of international health at Harvard University led the study. Joshua Salomon says a shorter treatment program would likely mean not just more patients cured. It would also mean fewer infectious patients who can pass on their infection to others.The researchers developeda mathematical model to examine the effects of a two-month treatment plan. They tested the model with current TB conditions in Southeast Asia. The scientists found that a two-month treatment could prevent about twenty percent of new cases. And it might prevent about twenty-five percent of TB deaths. The model shows that these reductions would take place between two thousand twelve and two thousand thirty. That is, if a faster cure is developed and in wide use by two thousand twelve.The World Health Organization developed the DOTS program in nineteen ninety. DOTS is Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course. Health workers watch tuberculosis patients take their daily pills to make sure they continue treatment.Earlier this year, an international partnership of organizations announced a plan to expand the DOTS program. The ten-year plan also aims to finance research into new TB drugs. The four most common drugs used now are more than forty years old. The Global Alliance for TB Drug Development says its long-term goal is a treatment that could work in as few as ten doses.2，Going on a dietA typical person needs about 1,800 calories per day to stay alive. These calories keep your heart beating and your lungs breathing. They keep your organs operating properly and, your brain running. They also keep your body warm. A person gains weight because he or she consumes more calories per day than needed. The only way to lose fat is to reduce the number of calories that you consume per day. This is the basic principle behind going on a diet.Unfortunately，diets don't work for most people. They do lose weight but then go off the diet and put it back. Building a sensible diet and exercise plan is the key to maintaining a consistent weight. Y ou need to figure out how many calories you need in a day and how many you actually take in. The next step is to add ，exercise so that you can raise the number of calories you can consume per day.Exercise charts can show you how many calories different forms of exercise can burn. Burning 250 or 500 calories per day can make a big difference. Y ou can ride an exercise bike while you are watching TV or you can climb the stairs instead of the elevator. Find an exercise partner. Exercise can be a lot easier if there is someone to talk to. It's a good idea to wear firm-fitting clothes if you are on a diet. Tight clothing acts as a reminder of what you are trying to accomplish.3，One Good Reason to Let Smallpox LiveIt’s now a fair bet that we will never see the total extinction of the smallpox virus. The idea was to cap the glorious achievement of 1980, when smallpox was eradicated in the wild, by destroying the killer virus in the last two labs that are supposed to have it—one in the US and one in Russia. If smallpox had truly gone from the planet, what point was there in keeping these reserves?In reality, of course, it was naive to imagine that everyone would let go of such a potential weapon.Undoubtedly several nations still have a few vials. And the last “official” stocks of lice virus bred mistrust of the US and Russia, for no obvious gain.Now American researchers have found an animal model of the human disease, opening the way for tests on new treatments and vaccines. So one again there’s a good reason to keep the virus—just in case the disease puts in a reappearance.How do we deal with the mistrust of the US and Russia?Simple.Keep the virus under international auspices in a well-guarded UN laboratory that’s open to all countries. The US will object, of course, just as it rejects a multilateral approach to just about everything. But it doesn’t mean the idea is wrong. If the virus is useful, then let’s make it the servant of all humanity—notjust a part of it.4，Diet, Alcohol Linked to Nearly One Third of CancersDiet is second only to tobacco as a leading cause of cancer and, along with alcohol, is responsible for nearly one third of cases of the disease in developed countries, a leading researcher said on Tuesday.Dr. Tim Key, of the University of Oxford, told a cancer conference that scientists are still discovering how certain foods contribute to cancer,but they know that diet, alcohol and obesity play a major role.Five percent of cancers could be avoided if nobody was obese, he said.While tobacco is blinked to about 30 percent of cancer cases, diet is involved in an estimated 25 percent and alcohol in about six percent.Obesity raises the .risk of breast, womb, bowel and kidney cancer, while alcohol is known to cause cancers of the mouth, throat and liver, Its dangerous impact is increased when combined with smoking.Key told the meeting of the charity Cancer Research UK that other elements of diet linked to cancer are still unknown but scientists are hoping that the EPIC study, which is comparing the diets of 500,000 people in 10 countries and their risk of cancer, will provide some answers.Early results of the study have revealed that Norway, Sweden and Denmark have the lowest consumption of fruit and vegetables among European countries while Italy and Spain have the highest. Eating at least five portions of fruit and vegetables a day is recommended to reduce the risk of cancer.Key, principal scientist on the EPIC study, said it is looking at dietary links to some of the most common cancers including colorectal, breast and prostate.5，Men T oo May Suffer from Domestic ViolenceNearly three in 10 men have experienced violence at the hands of an intimate partner their lifetimes, according to one of the few studies to look at domestic violence and health among men.Many men actually do experience domestic violence, although we don't hear about it often, Dr. Robert J. Reid of the University of Washington in Seattle, one of the authors, told Reuters Health. "They often don't tell and we don't ask. We want to message out to men who do experience domestic violence that they are not alone and there are resources available to them The researchers asked study participants about physical abuse and non-physical abuse such as threats that made them fear for their safety, controlling behavior (for example, being told who they could associate with and where they could go), and constant name-calling.Among men 18 to 54 years old, 14.2 percent said they had experienced intimate partner violence in the past five years, while 6. 1 percent reported domestic violence in the previous year.Rates were lower for men 55 and older,with 5.3 percent reporting violence in the past five years and 2.4 percent having experienced it in the past 12 months.Overall, 30.5 percent of men younger than 55 and 26.5 percent of older men said they had been victims of domestic violence at some point in their lives. About half of the violet men experienced was physical.However, the physical violence men reported wasn't as harsh as that stuff, women in a previous study; 20 percent to 40 percent of the men rated it as severe, compare to 61 percent of womenMen who reported experiencing domestic violence had more emotional and mental problems than those who had not, especially older men, the researchers found.6，Once-daily pill could simplify HIV treatmentMyers Squibb and Gilead Sciences have combined many H.I.V. drugs into a single pill Sometimes the best medicine is more than one kind of medicine. Malaria, tuberculosis and H.I.V./AIDS, for example, are all treated with combinations of drugs. But that can mean a lot of pills to take. It would be simpler if drug companies combined all the medicines into a single pill, taken just once a day.Now, two companies say they have done that for people just starting treatment for H.I.V., the virus that causes AIDS. The companies are Bristol-Myers Squibb and Gilead Sciences. They have developed a single pill that combines three drugs currently on the market.3Bristol-Myers Squibb sells one of them under the name of Sustiva. Gilead combined the others, Emtriva and Viread, into a single pill in two thousand four.Combining drugs involves more than technical issues. It also involves issues of competition if the drugs are made by different companies. The new once-daily pill is the result of what is described as the first joint venture agreement of its kind in the treatment of H.I.V.In January the New England Journal of Medicine published a study of the new pill. Researchers compared its effectiveness to that of the widely used combination of Sustiva and Combivir. Combivir contains two drugs, AZT and 3TC. The researchers say that after one year of treatment, the new pill suppressed H.I.V. levels in more patients and with fewer side effects. Gilead paid for the study. Professor Joel Gallant at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in Baltimore, Maryland, led the research. He is a paid adviser to Gilead and Bristol-Meyers Squibb as well as the maker of Combivir, GlaxoSmithKline.Glaxo Smith Kline reacted to the findings by saying that a single study is of limited value. It says the effectiveness of Combivir has been shown in each of more than fifty studies.The price of the new once-daily pill has not been announced. But Gilead and Bristol-Myers Squibb say they will provide it at reduced cost to developing countries. They plan in the next few months to ask the United States Food and Drug Administration to approve the new pill.There are limits to who could take it because of the different drugs it contains. For example, pregnant women are told not to take Sustiva because of the risk of birth disorders. Experts say more than forty million people around the world are living with H.I.V.7，ExerciseWhether or not exercise adds to the length of life，it is common experience that a certain amount of regular exercise improves the health and contributes a feeling of well-being．Furthermore, exercise which involves play and recreation，and relieves nervous tension and mental fatigue in so doing, is not only pleasant but beneficial.How much and what kind of exercise one should take merits careful consideration．The growing child and the normal young man and young woman thrill with the exhilaration of strenuous sports．They fatigue to the point of exhaustion but recover promptly with a period of rest．But not so with those of middle age and beyond．For them moderation is of vital importance．Just how much exercise a person of a given age can safely take is a question hard to answer．Individual variability is too great to permit of generalization．A game of tennis may be perfectly safe for one person of forty but folly for another．The safe limit for exercise depends on the condition of the heart，the condition of the muscles，the type of exercise，and the regularity with which it is taken．Two general suggestions，however，will serve as sound advice for anyone．The first is that the condition of the heart and general health should be determined periodically by careful．thorough physical examinations．The other is that exercise should be kept below the point of physical exhaustion．What type of exercise one should choose depends upon one’s physical condition．Y oung people can safely enjoy vigorous competitive sports，but most older persons do better to limit themselves to less strenuous activities．Walking，swimming，skating are among the sports that one can enjoy and safely participate.in throughout life．Regularity is important if one is to get the most enjoyment and benefit out of exercise．8，Old And ActiveIt is well—known that life expectancy is longer in Japan than in most other countries. A recent report also shows that Japan has the longest health expectancy in the world．A healthy long life is the result of improvement in social environment.Scientists are trying to work out exactly what keeps elderly Japanese people so healthy, and whether there is a lesson to be learnt from their lifestyles for the rest of us. Should we make any changes to our eating habits, for instance, or go jogging each day before breakfast? Is there some secret ingredient in the Japanese diet that is particularly beneficial to the human body?Another factor contributing to the rapid population aging in Japan is a decline in birthrate．Although longer life should be celebrated, it is actually considered a social problem．The number of older people had doubled in the last half century and that has increased pension and medical costs．The country could soon be facing an economic problem, if there are so many old people to be looked after and relatively few younger people working and paying taxes to support them．Raising the retirement age from 65 to 70 could be one solution to the problem. Work can givethe elderly a sense of responsibility and mission in life. It’s important that the elderly play active roles in the society and live in harmony with all generations.9，Many Women Who Beat Cancer Don't Change HabitsMany women who battle breast cancer will tell you it's a life-changing experience. However, a new study shows that for many women, the changes aren't always positive or permanent.Beth Snoke has watched her mother and both grandmothers battle and survive breast cancer.So when she was diagnosed, there was no doubt in her mind what she had to do."I do exactly what the doctors say as far as the medicine that I'm on, as far as the vitamins, the diet, and the fitness. And I can't stress enough how important that is," says Beth Snoke. But a surprising new study shows that not every woman who beats breast cancer is getting that message. In fact, nearly 40% of them say even after surviving breast cancer, they haven't made significant changes in the way they eat or how much they exercise."Not all survivors are taking advantage of this teachable moment and making positive health changes in their life," says Electra Paskett, PhD, at Ohio State University's Comprehensive Cancer Center. Paskett says diet and exercise have been proven to not only help women feel better during and after treatment, they may also play a role in preventing some cancers from coming back. Despite growing evidence, some women just aren't listening."Colon cancer survivors who exercise have actually been shown to have improved survival rates. So, yes, it is true that perhaps by making some of these healthy choices we can actually increase their health," says Paskett.As a breast cancer survivor herself, Paskett knows first hand how much difference diet and exercise can make The challenge, she says, is to get more survivors to be more like Beth, during and after treatment.Experts say exercising more and eating a healthier diet can also cut down on stress and help women overcome depression. There are more than 2 million breast cancer survivors living in the U.S. Of those, nearly a million have yet to change their diet or exercise routines.10，Hospital MistreatmentAccording to a study, most medical interns report experiencing mistreatment, including humiliation by senior doctors, being threatened, or physical abuse in their first year out of medical school.The findings come from analysis of the responses to a 13-page survey mailed in January 1991 to 1, 733 second-year residents. The survey and analysis appear in the April 15th issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.Overall, out of the 1,277 residents who completed surveys, 1,185 said that they had experienced at least one incident of mistreatment in their intern year.In addition to reporting incidents where they were abused, more than 45% of the residents said they had witnessed at least one incident where other persons had made false medical records. Moreover, nearly three quarters of the residents said they had witnessed mistreatment of patients by other residents, attending physicians, or nurses. Almost 40% said patient mistreatment was a frequent event.More than 10% of the residents said they were not allowed to have enough sleep, and the average number of hours without sleep was 37.6. The average on-call hours during a typical week was 56.9 hours, but about 25% of the residents said their on-call assignments were more than 80 hours some weeks. Although30% of the residents said they experienced some type of sexual harassment or discrimination, verbal abuse was the most common problem cited. When abusive incidents were limited to events occurring three or more times, 53% of the respondents reported that they were belittled or humiliated by more senior residents, while just over 21% reported someone taking credit for their work. Being “given tasks for punishment,” “being pushed, kicked or hit,” and having someone “threatening your reputation or career,” were reported as a more frequent occurrence by over 10% of the responding residents.11，Migrant WorkersIn the past twenty years, there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move from one country to another. While some newly independent countries have understandably restricted most jobs to local people, others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers. This is particularly the case in the Middle East, where increased oil incomes have enabled many countries to call in outsiders to improve local facilities. Thus the Middle East has attracted oil-workers from the USA and Europe. It has brought in construction workers and technicians from many countries, including South Korea and Japan.In view of the difficult living and working conditions in the Middle East, it is not surprisingthat the pay is high to attract suitable workers. Many engineers and technicians can earn at least twice as much money in the Middle East as they can in their own country, and this is a major attraction. An allied benefit is the law taxation or complete lack of it. a This increases the net amount of pay received by visiting workers and is very popular with them.Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating advantage. For exalnple, the difficult living conditions often lead to increased friendship when workers have to depend on each other for safety and comfort. In a similar way ,many migrant workers can save large sums of money partlybecause of the lack of entertainment facilities. The work is often complex and full of problems but this merely presents greater challenge to engineers who prefer to find solutions to problems rather than do routine work in their home country.One major problem which affects migrant workers in the Middle East is that their jobs are temporary ones. They are nearly always on contract, so it is not easy for them to plan ahead with great confidence. This is to be expected since no country welcomes a large number of foreign workers as permanent residents.In any case, migrant workers accept this disadvantage, along with others, because of the considerable financial benefits which they receive.12，DreamsEveryone can dream．Indeed, everyone does dream．Those who claim that they never dream at all actually dream just as frequently as the rest of us, though they may not remember anything about it．Even those of us who are perfectly aware of dreaming night after night very seldom remember those dreams in great detail but merely retain an untidy mixture of seemingly unrelated impressions. Dreams are not simply visual-we dream with all our senses, so that we appear to experience sound, touch, smell, and taste．One of the world's oldest known written documents is the Egyptian Book of Dreams．This volume is about five thousand years old, so you can see that dreams were believed to have a special significance even then．Many ancient civilizations believed that you should never ask a sleeping person as, during sleep, the soul had left the body and might not be able to return in time if the sleeper were suddenly awoken.From ancient times to the present day ,people have been making attempts to interpret dreams and to explain their significance．There are many books available on the subject of dream interpretation．although unfortunately there are almost as many meanings for a particular dream as there are books．13，Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart AttackGerman researchers have come up with a new generation of defibrillators and early-warning software aimed at offering heart patients greater protection from sudden death from cardiac arrest.In Germany alone around 100,000 people die annually as a result of cardiac arrest and many of these cases are caused by disruption to the heart’s rhythm. Those most at risk are patients who have already suffered a heart attack, and for years the use of defibrillators has proved useful in diagnosing life-threatening disruptions to heart rhythms andcorrecting them automatically by intervening within seconds. These devices take on a range of functions, such as that of pacemaker.Heart specialists at Freiburg’s University Clinic have now achieved a breakthrough with an implanted defibrillator capable of generating a six-channel electrocardiogram (ECG) within the body. This integrated system allows early diagnosis of acute blood-flow problems and a pending heart attack. It will be implanted in patients for the first time this year. Meanwhile, researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Mathematics in Kaiserslautern have developed new computer software that renders of ECG data more precise.The overwhelming majority of patients at risk will not have an implanted defibrillator and must for this reason undergo regular ECGs. Many of the current programs only take into account a linear correlation of the data. We are, however, making use of a non-linear process that reveals the chaotic patterns of heart beats as an open and complex system, Hagen Knaf says, In this way changes in the heart beats over time can be monitored and individual variations in patients taken into account. An old study of ECG data, based upon 600 patients who had suffered a subsequent heart attack, enabled the researchers to compare risks and to show that the new software evaluates the data considerably better.14， A health ProfileA health profile is a portrait of all of the factors that influence your health. To draw your health profile, you will need to know what diseases run in your family, what health hazards you may be exposed to at work, how your daily diet compares to the recommended standards, howmuch time per week you spend exercising and what type of exercise you engage in how stressful your work and family environments are, what kinds of illnesses you get regularly, and whether or not you have any one of a number of addictions. T o complete this portrait, your should have a checkup to determine how your blood, heart, and lungs are functioning. This checkup will serve as a baseline, to which you can then compare later tests.Once this profile is thoroughly drawn. you can begin to think about setting health priorities based on your particular portrait. For example, if you drink two martinis every evening, have a high-stress job, are overweight, smoke a pack of cigarettes a day, and use marijuana occasionally on weekends, you should quit smoking first, followed by losing the excess weight, reducing the stress of your job. giving up your marihuana habit, and then finally giving some thought to those martinis if you want to prevent first cancer, and then heart disease. Even for the youthful working person who has never been sick a day in his life, who is in excellent health, a good look at all health habits and at work and home environments may suggest changes that will benefit him in the future.15，Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred Y earsA hundred years ago，life expectancy in developed countries was about 47: in the early 21st century, men in the United States and the United Kingdom can expect to live to about 74.Women to about 80, and these ages are rising all the time. What has brought about these changes? When we look at the life span of people l00 years ago, we need to look at the greatest killers of the time. In the early 20th century, these were the acute and often highly infectious diseases such as smallpox. Many children died very young from these diseases and others, and the weak and elderly were always at risk.In the developed world these diseases are far 1ess deadly today, and in some cases have almost disappeared. A number of factors have led to this: improvements in sanitation and hygiene, the discovery and use of antibiotics, which make bacterial diseases much less dangerous, and vaccinations against common diseases.In addition, people's general health has improved with improvements in our general environment: cleaner air, better means of preserving food，better and warmer housing，and better understanding of nutrition.Genetically，we should all be able to live to about 85 but while people do live longer today, there are still some big killers around that are preventing US from consistently reaching that age. The problems that affect people today are the more chronic illnesses, such as heart disease and strokes, and those spread by viruses, such as influenza and AIDS . Of course, cancer is a huge killer as well. In most cases these diseases affect older people, but there are worrying trends in the developed world with problems such as obesity leading to more heart disease and illnesses such as diabetes at younger ages.The killers today can be classed as "lifestyle diseases"，which means that it may be possible to halt their progress.。

2020年职称英语真题及答案：卫生A完型填空

2020年职称英语真题及答案：卫生A完型填空2020年职称英语真题及答案：卫生A完型填空(注：以下答案均属于网友版，仅供参考！)以下内容由网友提供，答案已补充到文章中。

Stage FrightFall down as you come onstage. That's an odd trick. Not recommended. But it saved the pianist Vlactimir Feltsman when he was a teenager back in Moscow. The veteran cellist Mstislav Rostropovich tripped him purposely to cure him of pre-performance panic ,Mr. Feltsman said," All my f'right was gone.l already fell. What else could happen?"Today, music schools are addressing the problem of anxiety in classes that deal with performance techniques and career preparation. There are a variety of strategies that musicians can learn to fight stage fright and its symptoms：icy fingers,shaky limbs,racing heart,blank mind.Teachers and psychologists offer wide-ranging advice,from basics like learning pieces inside out,to mentaldiscipline,such as visualizing a performance and taking steps to relax. Don't deny that you're jittery,they urge; some excitement is natural,even necessary for dynamic playing. And play in public often,simply for the experience.Psychotherapist Diane Nichols suggests some strategiesfor the moments before performance. "Take two deep abdominal breaths,open up your shoulders,then smile,"she says. " And not one of these 'please don't kill me' smiles. Then choosethree friendly faces in the audience,people you would communicate with and make music to,and make eye contact with them. " She doesn't want performers to think of the audience as a judge.Extreme demands by mentors or parents are often at the root of stage fright,says Dorothy Delay,a well-known violin teacher. She tells other teachers to demand only what their students are atole to achieve.When Lynn Harrell was 20,he became the principal cellist of the Cleverland Orchestra,and he suffered extreme stage fright. "There were times when I got so nervous.I was sure the audience could see my chest responding to the throbbing. It was just total panic. I came to a point where Ithought,'If I have to go through this to play music,l thinkI'm going to look for another job. " Recovery,hesaid,involved developing humility - recognizing that whatever his talent,he was fallible,and that an imperfect concert was not a disaster.It is not only young artists who suffer,of course. The legendary pianist Vladimir Horowitz's nerves were famous. The great tenor Franco Corelli is another example. "They had to push him on stage," Soprano Renata Scotto recalled.Actually,success can make things worse. "In the beginning of your career,when you're scared to death, nobody knows who you are, and they don't have any expectations,"Soprano June Anderson said. "There's less to lose. Later on,when you're known,people are coming to see you,and they have certain expectations. You have a lot to lose. "Anderson added,"I never stop being nervous until I've sung my last note. "更多推荐：。

2020年职称英语卫生类模拟题：完形填空

2020年职称英语卫生类模拟题：完形填空2020年职称英语卫生类模拟题：完形填空阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个答案，涂在答题卡相对应的位置上。

Cell Phone Lets Your Secret outYour cell phone holds secrets about you. Besides the names and 51 that you've programmed into it, traces of your DNA linger on the device, according to a new study.DNA is genetic material that 52 in every cell. Like your fingerprint, your DNA is unique to you- 53 you have anidentical twin. Scientists today routinely analyze DNA in blood, saliva, or hair left 54 at the scene of a crime. The results often help detectives identify 55 and their victims. Your cell phone can reveal more about you 56 you might think.Meghan J. McFadden, a scientist at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, heard about a crime in which the suspect bled onto a cell phone and later dropped the 57 This made her wonder whether traces of DNA lingered on cell phones-evenwhen no blood was involved. 58 she and colleague Margaret Wallace of the City University of New York analyzed the flip-open phones of 10 volunteers. They used swabs to collect 59 traces of the users from two parts of the phone： the outside, where the user holds it, and the 60, which is placed at the user's ear.The scientists scrubbed the phones using a solution made mostly 61 alcohol. The aim of washing was to remove alldetectable traces of DNA. The owners got, Heir phones 62 for another week. Then the researchers collected the phones and repeated the swabbing of each phone once more.The scientists discovered DNA that 63 to the phone's speaker on each of the phones. Better samples were collected from the outside of each phone, but those swabs also picked up DNA that belonged to other people who had apparently also handled the phone. 64, DNA showed up even in swabs that were taken immediately after the phones were scrubbed. That suggests that washing won't remove all traces of evidence from a criminal's device. So cell phones can now be added to the 65 of clues that can clinch a crime-scene investigation.51A numbersB musicC secretsD films52A appealsB appointC appearsD applies53A becauseC althoughD still54A aboutB inC forD behind55A criminalsB peopleC menD policemen 56A whenB untilC beforeD than57A deviceB paperD document58A HoweverB SoC ButD Nevertheless 59A invisibleB non-existentC visibleD apparent60A cardB keysC screenD speaker61A ofB upC on62A uponB backC withoutD with63A was givenB belongedC was ownedD became64A GenerallyB SurprisinglyC DisappointedlyD Shortly65A explanationB discoveryC bookD list第六部分：文章大意：你的手机承载着你的秘密。

2020年职称英语《卫生类》完形填空练习试题

2020年职称英语《卫生类》完形填空练习试题Different things usually stand for differentfeelings.Red,for example,is the color of fire,heat,blood and life.People say red is an exciting and active color.They associate（使发生联系）red with a strong feeling like 1 .Redis used for signs of 2 ,such as S signs and fireengines.Orange is the bright,warm color of 3 in autumn.People say orange is a 4 color.They associate orange withhappiness.Yellow is the color of __5__.People say it is a cheerful color.They associate yellow too,with happiness.Green is the cool color of grass in __6__.People say it is a refreshing color.In general,people __7__ two groups of colors：warm colors and cool colors.The warm colors are red,orangeand __8__.Where there are warm color and a lot oflight,people usually want to be __9__.Those who like to bewith __10 _ like red.The cool colors are __11_ and blue.Where are these colors,people are usually worried.Some scientistssay that time seems to __12 _ more slowly in a room with warm colors.They suggest that a warm color is a good __13_ for a living room or a __14_ .People who are having a rest or are eating do not want time to pass quickly.__15 colors arebetter for some offices if the people working there want time to pass quickly.1.A.sadness B.anger C.administration D.smile2.A.roads B.ways C.danger D.placesnd B.leaves C.grass D.mountains4.A.lively B.dark C.noisy D.frightening5.A.moonlight B.light C.sunlight D.stars6.A.summer B.spring C.autumn D.winter7.A.speak B.say C.talk about D.tell8.A.green B.yellow C.white D.gray9.A.calm B.sleepy C.active D.helpful10.A.the other B.another C.other one D.others11.A.black B.green C.golden D.yellow12.A.go round B.go by C.go off D.go along13.A.one B.way C.fact D.matter14.A.factory B.classroom C.restaurant D.hospital15.A.Different B.Cool C.Warm D.All答案解析：1.B.根据上文的strong feeling可知anger最合乎文意。

2020年职称英语卫生类考试完形填空习题(7)

2020年职称英语卫生类考试完形填空习题(7)New York Students Have Swine FluThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has confirmed 1of swine flu in eight students at a New York preparatory school, Mayor Michael Bloomberg said Sunday. The students have had only 2 symptoms and none have been hospitalized, he said. Some of the students have already recovered.More than 100 students were absent from 3 due to flu-like symptoms last week. New York health officials tested samples for eight students Saturday and determined the students were probably 4 from. swine flu, and the CDC confirmed the5 on Sunday, Bloomberg said.The announcement brings the 6 of confirmed swine flucases in the United States to 20. Bloomberg and New YorkHealth Commissioner Tom Frieden said there is no 7of acitywide outbreak of the flu, and no sign of a potential8of swine flu at other schools.Some students at the school 9spring break1 in Mexico, Bloomberg said, but authorities have not determined 10any of the students with a confirmed case of swine flu was in Mexico. Someone who traveled to Mexico may not have had any flu symptoms but 11 on the flu to someone else, he noted.Frieden called 12 students who are home sick to stay home for 48 hours after their symptoms subside.If symptoms are normal for a regular kind of flu, thereis 13 need to go to a hospital, said Bloomberg. If symptomsbecome severe, as with any 14 , people should go to the hospital, he said.St. Francis, which has 2,700 students, announced it will remain closed for two days. 15 whether the students' illnesses have been minor because they're young and healthy or because it is a minor strain of the virus, Frieden responded, "We don't know. "练习：1. A cases B bases C doses D noses2. A common B physical C mild D wild3. A work B home C school D hospital4. A escaping B surviving C dying D suffering5. A treatment B diagnosis C doubt D choice6. A point B number C spread D value7. A chance B need C hope D sign8. A welcome B outbreak C success D injury9. A spent B made C took D traveled10. A why B how C when D whether11. A passed B kept C rolled D swept12. A at B up C on D of13. A no B much C any D a14. A person B matter C thing D illness15. A Asked B Tested C Troubled D Doubted参考答案：ACCDB BDBAD ACADA。

职称英语卫生类完形填空练习题

职称英语卫生类完形填空练习题Cost as a Factor in SupplyIn a purely competitive market， the supplier of goodsand services has no control over the market price， becausehe produces too little to influence market conditions. Withno difference between his products and the products __1__ his competitors， he will sell nothing if he charges above the market price and he will sell all if he charges at or __2__the market price. However， in considering the price， hemust take cost of production __3__. There are times when he may be willing to sell below his cost. This might happen when prices tumble for __4__ a short time. However， no business person can __5__ lose money for a prolonged period. He must__6__ of his costs in relation to the market price if he isto compete successfully and earn a profit.Many people have the impression that as production increases， costs per unit decrease. __7__ mass productionhas made this true in certain industries and at certainlevels of production， __8__ logic and practical experience have shown that costs per unit begin to rise beyond a certain level of production. Some economists __9__ this principle as the law of increasing costs.The reason __10__ rise as production goes up is complex. However， it is easy to recognize that as production goes up，the need for additional factors of production will also grow，resulting __11__ competitive bidding in the marketplace forthe factors of production. If a producer needs __12__ skilled labor to produce more， and none of this labor is unemployed，the producer will have to get __13__ from other sources. This can be done by __14__ higher wages. Higher bidding would also apply to the other factors of production. We must also recognize that not all labor is equally productive， __15__ not all land is equally fertile and not all ore is equally rich in the mineral wanted.1. A) toB) atC) ofD) on2. A) belowB) beneathC) overD) above3. A) to considerB) into considerationC) to considerationD) in consideration4. A) he believes will beB) what he believes beC) what he believes will beD) he believes to be5. A) afford toB) be affordableC) be afforded toD) have afforded6. A) constantly awareB) constantly knowledgeable ofC) be constantly aware ofD) constantly aware of7. A) BecauseB) SinceC) WhenD) While8. A) bothB) as well asC) alsoD) but9. A) referB) refer toC) callD) are referred to10. A) costB) the costC) the costsD) costs11. A) fromB) inC) /D) for12. A) lessB) numerousC) moreD) many13. A) themB) theseC) itD) those14. A) offeringB) cuttingC) reducingD) having15. A) as justB) just asC) becauseD) whileKEYS： C A B C A C D A B D B C C A B。

2020年职称英语卫生C完形填空原文

2020年职称英语卫生C完形填空原文补全短文第二篇BedwettingMillions of kids and teenagers from every part of the world wet the bed every single night. It’s so common that there are probably other kids in your class who do it. Most kids don’t tell their friends, so it’s easy to feel kindof1 alone, like you might be the only one on the whole planet who wets the bed. But you are not alone.The fancy name for bedwetting is nocturnal enuresis. Enuresis runs in families.2 This means that if you urinate, or pee, while you are asleep, there’s a good chance that a close relative also did it when he or she was a kid. Justlike you may have inherited your mom’s blue eyes or your uncle’s long legs, you probably inherited bedwetting, too.The most important thing to remember is that no one wets the bed on purpose4. It doe sn’t mean that you’re lazy or a slob. It’s something you can’t help doing. For some reason, kids who wet the bed are not able to feel that their bladder is full and don’t wake up to pee in the toilet. Sometimes a kid who wets the bed will have a realistic dream that he’s in the bathroom peeing ― only to wake up later and discover he’s all wet6. Many kids who wet the bed are very deep sleepers. Trying to wake up someone who wets the bed is often like trying to wake a log ―they just stay asleep.Some kids who wet the bed do it every single night. Others wet some nights and are dry on others. A lot of kids say that they seem to be drier when they sleep at a friend’s or a relative’s house. That’s because kids who are anxiousabout wetting the bed may not sleep much or only very lightly. So the brain may be thinking, "Hey, you! Don’t wet someone else’s bed!" This can help you stay dry even if you’re not aware of it.译文：尿床每天晚上全世界会有数百万的孩子尿床。